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By W. J. Squirrell, Professor of Fleld Husbandry, Extremely dry weather during the latter part of August and the month of Beptenther was responsible for con- siderable decrease In the area of win- ter wheat sown in Ontario in 1929. Winter killing, although severe in some districts, seems to have been about average for the province. Grow- ing conditions since early spring have been excellent and winter crops were harvested under exceptionally good conditions. Very slight damage was caused this year by either Hessian Fly or rust. More damage than usual, however, was occasioned hy the pre- sence of barren spikelets in the heads of winter wheat, . Yield and quality of autumn sown crops in the experiments at the Col- lege were exceptionally good in the crop harvested in 1930. Yields per acre in the variety tests of winter wheat were greater than for several years, Winter Wheat--Varieties.--A total of more than 300 varieties, hybrids, and plant selected strains have been under tests at the Ontario Agricul tural College for a period of five years or more. The Dawson's Golden Chaff (O.A.C. 61) and the O.A.C. No, 104 still continue to be the two leading varieties of winter wheat under test at Guelph. In the average of the last eleven years, the Dawson's Golden Chaff (0.A.C. 61) produced a yleld per acre of 65.4 bushels per annum and the 0.A.C. No. 104 of 63.0 bushels of grain per acre per annum, The high- est yielding variety of red grained win- ter wheat in the experiments, which was the Imperial Amber (0.A.C. 92), prodced an average yield of 57.2 bush- els per acre. It will be noted that this Ontario Agricultural College Reports on Autumn Sown Crops a firm mellow seed bed, which can only be obtained when preparation starts several weeks before seeding. . Winter Wheat--Selection of Seed. -- The results of many carefully con- ducted tests at the Ontario Agricul tural College definitely show that large, plump, sound seed is the only selection which produces maximum yields and the best quality of crop. Winter Wheat--Dates of Seeding.-- The largest yield and the best quality of winter wheat resulted when winter wheat was sown not earlier than Aug- ust 25th and not later than September 10th. When winter wheat was sown as late as September 30th the final yield of the crop was reduced almost one-half, Winter Wheat--Rates of Seeding. -- In the average results of an experiment conducted for a period of nine years it was found that there was very lit- tle difference in the yield per acre from sowing ome and three-quarters and two bushels of seed per acre. These two quantities here mentioned produced a greater yield per acre than any other rate of seeding. Winter Rye.--F'ive varieties of win- ter rye have been under test at the Ontario Agricultural College in each of the last thirteen years. The high- est ylelds of grain per acre were pro- duced by the New Invincible and the Roson varieties. The New Invincible surpassed the common variety in yleld of grain per acre by 7.4 bushels for the ayerage of the thirteen year period. Winter Barley.--Two varieties of winter barley have been under test at the College in each of the last twenty- three years, the Tennessee winter bar- ley producing an average yield for the period of 44.3 bushels of grain per acre. Winter barley is much more variety produced on an average for: the eleven year period 5.8 bushels less ' per acre than the O.A.C. No. 104 variety. The Dawson's Golden Chaff and 0.A.C, No. 104 varieties of winter wheat are grown on more than 80 per cent, of the winter wheat land of the Province of Ontario. Winter Wheat--Rotation.--In rota- tion experiments conducted at the On- tario Agricultural College, the best re- sults were obtained when winter wheat followed clover sod, alfalfa, sweet clover, field peas. or was sown on a summer fallow. Only fair results were obtained when winter wheat was sown following buckwheat or timothy sod. Winter Wheat--Soil Preparation.-- Winter wheat land should be plowed | Immediately after the previous crop | has been removed. This crop requires BOOKS Writers and Readers Introducing a new weekly column, wherein will be discussed books of the moment, comments made on new writers and a general survey made of the World of Fiction. The Pulitizer Prize Novel "Laugh- fug Boy." by Oliver La Farge (Hough: ton, Miffiin Company) $2.50, heads the list this week. From the moment "Laughing Boy" comes riding over the, desert to attend the ceremonial dance at The Lani, the attention of the read- er is caught. The White Man's in- fluence over the Indian race is subtly | portrayed through the meeting of | Laughing Boy and Slim Girl. Well worth reading. For the uon-fiction reader, nothing more delightful can be offered than "The Story of San Michele," by Axel Munthe (E. P. Dutton & Co.), $3.75. This entertaining autobiography of a. successful doctor continues to head most of the non-fiction best-seller lists. | It 1s described by critics as "the most fascinating book of the year." Egyptian Portrait, by C. W. Grundy (J. M. Dent & Son, Ltd.), Toronto. Politics vs. Romance A well-told story of modern Egypt. The action centres around one Ahmed Farouki, a young boy peddler, who by a stroke of good luck becomes a ser- vant in an English household, which leads him into the path of knowledge. His first love affair (simply and real- istically told) follows swiftly with a young Greek-Egyptian girl, His es- cape from the lure of Calro night life to Oxford, where he meets and mar rles an English girl and the final chap- ters of the book are told in an adroit and sympathetic manner of his strug- gle between the love he bears for his English wife and love of country. Mystery and Romance The Solver of Mysteries and Other Btories. By Robert Henry Todd. (Brampton, Ont. Charters Pub. Co.) This is a book of intensely {nterest- ing short stories on various themes, but dealing chiefly with that section 'of soclety that is known as the under- The author has endeavored to the elements of thrill and sus- 3 'Western feud interferes with the subject to injury through winter kill- ing than either winter wheat or winter rye. Winter Emmer.--Black Winter Em- mer produced an average yield for the last twenty-two year period of 25.18 bushels of grain per acre. In a number of seasons this crop almost completely winter killed, Winter or Hairy Vetches.--Winter killing and hot summer conditions were responsible for very low yields of this crop in 1930. In the average of twenty-six years' tests, Hairy Vetches produced an average yield of 10.02 bushels of grain per acre. Farmers who wish to obtain selected seed for co-operative experiments with outstanding varieties of winter wheat and other autumn-sown crops may ob- tain this material, free of charge, by writing: the Department of Field Hus- bandry, Ontario Agricultural College. being most in demand during the last month: Fiction CIMARRON, by Edna Ferber. (Dou- bleday, Doran). Pioneer women and boom days in Oklahoma. 5 THE SCARAB MURDER CASE, by 8. 8S. Van Dine. (Scribners). Philo Vance unravels another mystery. ROGUE HERRIES, by Hugh Wal pole. (Doubleday, Doran). The futile life of a ne'er do well. CHANCES, by A Hamilton Gibbs (Little, Brown). Brotherly affection withstands the strain of a rivalry in love. THE SHEPHERD OF GUADA- LOUPE, by Zane Grey. (Harper). A course of true love, Non-Fiction THE STRANGE DEATH OF PRES- IDENT HARDING, by Gaston B. Means and May Dixon Thacker. (Gulld Publishing Company). Lurid "revela- tions." BYRON, by Andre MAurols. (Ap pleton)s The personal romance of the figurehead of Romanticism. THE GRANDEUR AND MISERY OF VICTORY, by Jacques Clemenceau (Harcourt, Brace). Tiger on the peace and the war. THE GREEN PASTURES, by Marc Last words of the | Negro miracle play, founded on Roark Bradford's "Ol' Man Adam and His Chillun." THE ADAMS FAMILY, by James | Truslow Adams (Little, Brown). A study of character, heredity and politi- cal environment. THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY, by | Will Durant. (Simon & Schuster. In the dollar edition. "I am surprised that you think of marrying the chump; he is a man of no forethought." "Well, I don't like these fellows who stop to ask if they may kiss you." <> Live and Let Live They were bowling merrily through the little country hamlets in their two- seater car. His wife suddenly came over all poetical. "Darling," she murmured, breathing in large portions of the fresh air, "one feels as we sail through the country that life is really worth living, after all." "Yes," he replied, without taking his eyes off the road; "and the way the pedestrians are dodging out of our way they must feel the same.""--Answers. eg een. Wrong Station Father was tuning in the wireless set when suddenly he gave a howl of pain. * "What ever's happened?" asked his wife. "I believe I'm getting lumbago," he replied. His wife smiled contemptuously. "What ever's the use of that?" she replied. "You'll never he able to un- derstand what they are saying."--Ans- A Connelly. (Farrar & Rinehart). wers. Merry Crew of Shamrock V. 1 | Foreign Legion GOVERNOR-GENERAL VISITS FIRST CANADIAN HEALTH UNIT This picture was taken when Their Excellencies Lord and Lady Willingdon visited the County Health Unit in Beauceville, Quebec. This Health Unit was the first to be formed in Canada and has been operating on full time for a number of years with great benefit to the surrounding communities. A motion was made in the House of Commons during the last session asking the Canadian Govérnment to consider subsidizing these small full time medical health departments in rural communities from coast to coast. No Longer Refuge For Wanted Men Sidi Bel Abbes.--The French For- eign Legion, famed battelion of home- less men who sign up for seven years of hard living in the sandy edges of the Sahara, is no longer the safe asylum to-day for men just a step ahead of the police, In principle, the Foreign Legion is still inviolate, but in actual fact, the French police have access to the en- listment records and officials of the famed Surete Generale admit that they search among the Legionnaires when certain criminals are hunted, but that it is done prudently and cautiously. Officers of the Legion have been! making a special effort to clear that | battalion of the name of being com- posed of mystery men, most of whom joined up to bury a criminal past. The Legion, they contend, is made up of unhappy men, worsted in a love duel, and dare-devil youths who join up to satisfy their craving for excitement, but no more criminals than any other corresponding body of men. There was a time when a policeman did not dare step past the gates of the Legion recruiting barracks here at Sidi-Bel-Abbes. Uniformed police still stay away, but detectives use all the strategy of their kind to find thelr men among the rercuits. Recently a detective was enrolled as Chinese Civil War Puzzles Outsiders Chinese civil war is waged accord- ing to its own peculiar rules, and is be- wildering to any outsider who at- tempts to follow it. For nearly twenty years past those who have had to con- fess themselves most confused have been the Occidental .military' experts on the spot. They have painstakingly watched developments from the first tedious interchange of veiled chal- lenges to the final debacle. They check up carefully the numbers, equip- ment, supplies, financial resources and strategic advantages of the opposing forces, weigh these ponderables .| against one another, and work out the probable result according to Occident- al rules of war. On the other hand, Chinese politi- clans in their night-long pow-wows up- on the same theme, ignore everything | a recruit, For weeks he followed his man, made friends, got his prey talk- ing over a bottle and finally made his arrest. Recruits are not compelled to give their names and homes, when enrolling in the legion. They can give a num- ber; or make up any name they want. They do not even have to state their true nationality and need show no passports. ¥ But in going through the recruiting mill, they are finger printed and note is taken of unusual tattooing or other distinctive signs. These records are available to police and they furnish many interesting leads, but they are available only to French police and the Legion otherwise guards its re- cruits from the prying eyes of Scot- land Yard, New York, Berlin and other foreign police. The Spanish Legion is hardly a safe refuge, where men can drop their real identity and take on a cloak of anony- mity. The immediate finding in the Spanish Legion of Lauréano De Vil lanueva, rich Venezuelan bank official who disappeared from Paris leaving financial chaos in his wake, shows just how poor the asylum is. The third day police sought the young Venezuelan, they had already traced him to the Spanish Legion. A week later a detective sent to Morocco had confirmed the identification. that interests the alien strategist and study the imponderables with minute attention, They go over all the Gen- erals on both sides who have grudges against their sugeriors and might de- sert to the enemy. They catalogue the family relations and early school- time affiliations between opposing of- ficers, well knowing that personal ties mean more to Chinese than the most flamboyantly advertised "cause," They keep informed on the populaflty of Generals, armies and "causes," as re flected in tea-house gossip, and note the effect of this upon the morale of the soldiery. The conclusions which they reach through these observations are reflected in the tone of the native press, despite the most rigorous cen- sorship, and go a long way toward shaping the views expressed in the English and Japanese journals publish- ed in the China coast ports. Ee gu Small wooden churches are being provided for the use,of week-end holi- day-makers in the woods near Berlin, ment of the pro- sense is one 'of the difficult problems of the practi statistics, but several meth- wn which are sufficiently most purposes. One of these is the measurement of the gross and net annual production of the coun: try. Of these two, the net production | is the more accurate indication of con- ditions, as it contains fewer duplica- tions than does the gross, though each is useful for certain purposes. ; The net value of Canadian produc- tion was greater in 1928 than in any other year on record. It was 6.5 per cent. greater than in 1927, and about 14 per cent. greater than in 1920, which year held third place in the 10- year period. Compared with the year immediately following the record of prices in 1920, the increase-in the net value of Canadian production up to 1928 was 653 per cent, while in the same seven years the increase in gross production was 44 per cent. The net valué of commodities produced in Canada during 1928 was $4,190,609, 000. This amount compares with $3. 936,186,000 in 1928 and $3,640,356,000 in 1926. These estimates just quoted do however, e the full d of wealth within the Dominion in the years mentioned. They represent the wealth produced by those engaged in agriculture, forestry, fisheries, trap- ping, mining, manufacturing, construo- tion, etc. These comstitute approxi- mately 65 per cent. of the productively employed persons in the Dominion. The remaining 35 per cent. of those employed must also be considered to be producers in the larger sense of the word, being engaged in such activities as transportation, trade, administra- not, tention to overcoming obstacles to ine | ternational flying!" - J 2 So speaks Lindbergh, "aviation couns , sel to the world," of what is most "needed for development of air travel 'and commerce in the shrinking dis tances around our globe. | His plea for securing a uniform , standard of regulations for interna tional flyers by all nations is wel comed by an overwhelming chorus of press approval. "Land boundaries mean nothing to a bird," says the Hartford Times; "they should mean nothing to the bird- man": "There is to a large degree the same natural freedom to flying that there is to radio. Both are borne om the wings of the air. Each is man's successful attempt to release himself of the limitations of time and place. Lindbergh {is right in stressing the _point that artificial barriers have ne place in this achievement of flying." Concerning the airplane's place im transportation and communication, Colonel Lindbergh "does not suffer from the delusions that beset so 'many dreamers and air enthusiasts," ob- serves. the Philadelphia Public Ledger, which. continues: pia "Unless some radical scientific dis- covery revol our present air craft, he says, they can not compete with ships and railroads in the move ment of most articles of commerce, The airplane seems destined to supple ment rather than replace ground transport, and its special field is in the rapid movement of passengers and documents from place to place. But this phase of transportation is highly important to human ralationships, and the prospect of great networks of air lines, both transoceanic and tramscon- tion, the professions, and domestic an personal service. : Total Productive Activity Since the values given in the pre- ceding paragraph were produced by only 5 per cent., or thirteen-twentieths | of the employed population, seven-ihin teenths may be added to the above totals to obtain a rough estimate of the value in dollars of the total pro- | ductive activity of all the employed' people of Canada, according 'to the economist's definition of "production," | which approximates to the conception of national income. According to this broader interpretation, production in 1928 would represent created values of $6,446,000,000, compared with $6, 055,000,000 in 1927, and $5,600,000,000 for 1926. The net production of Canadian in- dustries in the usudl acceptance of the term during 1928 has already been given as $4,196,509,000. The gross production of these industries in the same year was $6,679,234,000. In both gross and net figures are included nine groups of industries. These industries are divided into primary and second- ary, primary being composed of pro- ductive processes, or other processes close to the raw material; while the secondary include what is usually des- cribed as manufactuting, In the prim- ary group, agriculture Comes first, with a gross value of $1,905,311,000 and a net value of $1,601,271,000, For estry comes second, with a gross pro- duction of $473,669,000 and a net pro- duction of $323,654,000. The other prim- ary industries are fisheries, with a gross of $70,668,000 and a net of $56, 060,000; trapping, with a gross of $16, 603,000 and a net of the same amount; mining, with a gross of $308,250,000 and a net of $274,989,000; and electric power, with a gross of $143,602,000 and a net of $112,326,000. Of the sec- ondary group of industries, the largest is manufactures, with a gross value of $3,769,487,000 and a net of $1,819,043, 000, Included in this division also are construction, with a gross of $592,996, 000 and a net of $387,166,000, and cus- tom and repair, with a gross of $129, 085,000 and a net of $82,482,000. UC A or British Royalty "Pays Its Way" Full Rates for Train Fares and Shows Are Part of King George's Policy London. -- Announcement that the royal train which took the King and Queen from Sandringham to Balmoral Castle, Scotland, recently, costs the equivalent of $3.33 per mile with first that | or, tinental, linking all nations, which the Colonel envisions for the near future, will bring every phase of modern civilization into closer contact, and may. have much to do with future trends of internationalism." Both over one of the largest radio world hook-ups and at a conference of the Williamstown Institute of Politics, Colonel Lindbergh gave his message advocating international conference and negotiations to "clear the air" for flying between nations. From experi ence he spoke of the lack of uniform- ity in regulations for flying to Mexico, Central and South America; the pos- sibilities of regulated faster passenger and express service. He predicted de- velopment "of linked-up transoceanic routes to form a "network covering the entire world." He added: "At the present time it is the pri vate flyer who requires the most as- sistance in international flying. He has not an organization to find out-in advance what forms and reports it is necessary for him to make, and in many instances it is almost impossible for the private flyer making an inter national trip by air to learn in ad. vance the conditions he will encount: er, both-in regard to air routes and also to the regulations and restrictions - laid down by the various countries he expects to fly through." ---- Economy Corner Strawberry Pie Peaches, berries or pineapple may be substituted. I fix the fruit in the morning and sprinkle with sugar ana leave in ice box till just before dim- Pner, when I fill a ple shell which I have previously baked, then cover with the following mixture: Boil half cup strawberries with half cup sugar and two cups boiling water, strain and add one tablespoon sugar, pinch of salt and cold water to make a paste. Cook over hot fire for minute or two, stirring constantly; re move from fire and beat hard; returm to slow fire and cook very gently until thick, Pour white hot over strawberries in shell and cover with whipped cream. : Delicious. You may substitute cornstarch for flour it pre- 7 terred. Mocha _Spanish Cream$ One and one-half cups hot strong coffee, one tablespoon cocoa, half cup milk, quarter teaspoon salt, two-third cup sugar, three eggs, halt teaspoom vanilla, one tablespoon gelatine soak- ed in two tablespoons cold water, Dissolve the soaked gelatine in hot coffee. Add milk, sugar, cocoa, salt, and heat In top of double boiler. Opinions - "It's a great deal more of an accom- plishment to laugh in a cabin than to laugh in a mansion."--James J. Walk % Our Fortunes the sdehitect of his own fortune mug not, scorn. to be the bricklay hod-carrier as well, , AFFECTIONATE Ri I would rather have "Impossible to devote too much al . Lr