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had heen Se Wak: Christian service fn Cliuich Ethel | Dodd their -- bereavement. and Sunday School. Deceased is utvived by his widow, and three children--Miss Henry Dodd. Tor he a ood to thie family in The opening of the Disarmament "I'he Last Chance for Peace? 'By Sir Philip Gibbs, in the New York Herald Tribune On the psychological side is the in- he the rest of the world | in a loose boa Conference gives the world its last telligence of the intelligent. One can't| aq chance of deciding whether it wants | bank too much on that, because it is enduring peace or future war. There, a strictly limited commodity. But one is no alternative. The decision cannot needn't under-estimate it. In every be dodged or smothered under some' country there are groups of men and ingenious formula meaning nothing, women who see very clearly that war real. As Lord: Cecil warned his na-' under modern ¢onditions is as harm- tion the other day, if this conference ful to the victor as to the vanquished, fails we shall not be merely where we that it is an unintelligent way of set- are now.. We shall have launched the tling disputes, that it is a denial of world again on that course of com- all belief in human progress and an We are Living i a wortlsome time. There are all about us of PL ons, financial problems, conferences where people do not | confer, a wars and rumors of wars, suffering of individuals and com- , nities Fo or lack of necessities and comforts of life. If we hear enough of these things they either make us morbidly unhappy, or ey Re us callous. The fact of the matter is that we shall Eri to learn to look the troubles 'near at home, and "let y." There is no rid that people are using "'depression" as an ay excuse for being niggardly in their dealings with those with whom do business. Debts are not paid by persons who claim that ons' are poor. They are in that case anyway. Of course - statement is true enough, and will continue to be true until we all have enough courage to pay the dollar we have for the debt we oe 80 that our creditor may in turn pay his debts; and so on the man who owes money to us can also pay. We cannot end a depression by hanging on to our dollars. We need to revive something of the pioneer spirit that made Canada the wonderful country that it is. We need to develop the resources at our hand. This is particularly true with people who are unemployed. How go the hours? Are they used to better the knowledge and fitness to do the tasks that may offer; or do they drag along without improvement? Do these hours that are frée give the opportunity for making repairs about the premises? Are broken and dirty and dangerous places made clean and tidy? We cannot run the Geneva Conference; but we can drive a nail ; put screws in hanging hinges; fill up the chinks where the wind whistles through and destroys our comfort. These things are at our hands; and if we do them they are the best vertisement that we are fit to undertake other duties. It is possible that some of us may have to live more simply. Manay people could live more honourably. That is to say, they "would not buy articles for which they make no provision to pay. Spending money is all right ; but buying without money or any real expectation of paying is dishonest. Another feature that will have to be considered is what might be termed a sense of proportion. Bread is more important than hothouse cucumbers. Coal is more necessary than a radio; cloth- ing must be bought and paid for before an automobile becomes a "necessity." First things first, and as the Prince of Wales says, i. petition whose end is war. ~ In my opinion, it is certain that a failure to agree to drastic measures: of disarmament all around will con-| ruin, there is outrage upon faith in humanity itself. In Europe, so recently stricken by four and a half years of massacre and ng all clear-thinki vince Germany and other vountgles people--say a few millions--an. ab- 'that force is the only way of argu-- ment and that they must begin re- rming to the level of other powers. yr treaties, international pledges 0 avoid war, the affirmations of the Kellogg pact will be revealed starkly as insincerities merely made for the bamboozlement of idealists and the doping of public opinion until that * time when the war drums will beat' again, rousing the old passion and fever. What chance is there of success? Is there any chance at all of a world plan to reduce armaments by sea, land and air to the lowest possible level for the insurance of law and order, the suppression of any bandit nation that may violate international justice and the police protection of frontiers? There is perhaps a slightly better chance than that of the proverbial snowflake in hell. "Certain material and psychological forces are weight- "ing the scales in favor of disarma- ment. On the material side, and very important, is the present economic distress, which is world-wide in its sphere of influence. There are no specially . favored nations that can af- ford the present burden of armaments or envisage with any lightheartedness an increase in cost under that head- ing. Even France, which for some time seemed to be sheltered against the economic blizzard, with 'mounting gold reserves and low figures of un- employment; is mow shaken by the torms which have swept over the 5Wusimess world. Few can afford to buy "her wines, her silks, her perfumes. Her Riviera is a desert b her] 'solute conviction that another war on the same scale with even more efficient weapons would actually mean--with- out any literary exaggeration--the { downfall of civilization, the end of | all tradition, the beginning of the Last Phase. They see that this na- i tional egotism, this inflamed and self- ish patriotism which led to the last war and is still enormously strong be- hind all frontiers, can no longer be tolerated in its childish manifesta- tions--the mentality of a braggart boy--now that the world has shrunk in size (owing to the speeding-up of communications annihilating distance) and the interdependence of nations in trade and finance. In addition there are many millions of people who have not thought very deeply or clearly about these things but who have a spiritual influence on world affairs not to be ignored alto- gether by statesmen and diplomats. Their horror of war, their prayers for peace, their faith in pacts and pledges made so solemnly by the signatories of the great powers will have some weight in the Disarmament Confer- ence because even the most cold- blooded-diplomat, the most cynical statesman, dare not nowadays ignore mass opinion, and if he wishes to defy it he has-to pretend that he is fulfilling it. Even that is a help. ~ But the truth is, I think, that cyni- cism will not be present at the council table--not deliberate and callous cyn- icism. Every statesman present will be sincerely and even passionately anxious to formulate some plan 'for the reduction of armament--provided old customers do not come to the echo to the footsteps of lonely souls searching for the ghost of ancient gaiety: France must economize se-| verely to make both ends meet, and. "the French people do not want to spend one more sou on soixante quizes or other armaments. '| cha that such 'a plan does not endanger the security and vital needs of his own nation. - And that proviso is likely to] prevent any rapid advance toward the goal desired. It raises the most stu- pendous difficulties which will lead to 'interminable arguments, hot friction among nations and groups of nations, of hypocrisy and falsehood, of bad faith and downright could with the job.on hand. we must exercise "good sense and good humor." Regarding all the ills of the world, they would be considerably less if everyone would mind his own business and do the best he One other feature that is causing infinite trouble and distress --"bargain hunting." "bargain." Don't come. If you come, When you come, grouch. At every service ask, yourself, "What do I get out of this?" Never accept office. It ig better to stay outside and criticize. Visit other churches about half of the time to show your pastor that you are not tied down to him. There is nothing like independence. Let the pastor earn his money; let him do all the work. Sit pretty well back and never sing. If you sing, sing out of tune and be- hind everybody else. Never pay in advance, especially for religion. Wait until you get your come late, come with a How proud we are when we secure a How miserable we are when we are compelled to sell our labor or our goods at "a bargain." others as ye would that men should do unto you" would save an immense amount of suffering; and it is practical. How to Kill Your Church The golden rule--*Do unto money's worth, and then wait a bit longer. Never encourage the preacher. If you like a sermon, keep mum about it. It is good to tell your pastor's fail- ings to any strangers that may hap- pen in; they might be a long time finding them out. Of course you can't be expected to get new members for the church with such a pastor as he is. If your church unfortunately hap- pens to be harmonious, call it apathy or indifference or lack of zeal, or any- thing under the sun except what it is. 1f there happens to be a few zealous workers in the church, make a tre- d test inst the church's being Yon by a cligue.--Rev. Conrad Hooker, in "Farm and Home." . REACH COUNCIL Reach Council met on Saturday at one oclock, with all members present. Minutes of last meeting read and 'The Auditors' reported their . report for the year ending the 31st of December, 1981, which was accepted and adopted by the Couneil. , A by-law was passed confirming the appointment of R. J. Brown as Assess- or for the year 1932. J. T. Dobson gave notice that he wished to be relieved of acting as Weed Inspector and his resignation was aceepted. The Clerk was instructed to notify all School Boards within the Township that the Council requests that they curtail their expenditures as much as possible so as to keep within or lower their mill rate. The following reductions were made, in the salaries of officials and for teaming and labor: Clerk and Treas. reduced $80.00; Road Supt. to $4. per day; sheep valuers to $1.50 per valua- tion; man and team 40c. per hour; man labor 20c. per hour; dragging with three horses 45¢ per hour; gravel 16¢. per yard. General Accounts Passed Auditors $15.00 each; Jno. McClin- tock, relief for Hammond family, $20.93; Toronto Stamp & Stencil Works, dog tags, $14.90; Municipal World, supplies, $27.52; Clerk, election expenses, $02.60; Chas. Lakey, relief for Stewart family, $10.85. : Work on Roads Jas. Masters, drag. and rep. culvert, $5.30; Wm. Bain, dragging, $2.75; A. Hunter, dragging, $5.50; J. E. Malyon, Brushing and dragging, $29.45; Sam Hopp, brushing, $6.00; Ed. Wildman, brushing, $6.00; Stan Ward, dragging, $9.72; N. Prentice, dragging, $6.05; Rae Dusty, dragging, $2.27; W. H. Walker, dragging, $2.75; John Kay, dragging, $1.65; G. Gregg, bonus W.F. $14.40; Jas. A. Lee, on account as Road Supt., $31.50. Council adjourned until Saturday, March. 5th, at'1 p.m. SCUGOG We are glad to see so many taking a interest in our Sunday services. The subject for Sunday evening was Wor- ship, which was very interesting. Next Sunday is the beginning of a series of sermons. Come and hear them. Our Sunday Schools are doing great work with a good attendance. The Head had 52, the Centre 44, the Foot 46. Come and make the numbers rise. The Head Sunday School is holding a Valentine Social and program in the Tearoom on Friday evening, Feb. 12. Mr. R. B. Smallman, of Port Perry, the president of the Sunday School Convention, will be there to speak to you. Admission 16¢ and 10c. The Women's Association are hold- ing a Valentine entertainment on Monday evening, Feb. 16th. Our blue bird quilt will be offered for the same evening. Come. League meeting was held in the Centre Church last Wednesday even- (continued on back page) In the Wake of the Storm THE COST OF HYDRO IN RURAL AREAS The Hydro Electric Power Commission has issued a pamphlet dealing with the cost of Hydro power in rural districts. This subject has been a bone of contention for some time, and it is difficult to arrive at the facts. Undoubtedly the power does cost more in rural thamin urban areas! but whether this additional cost is always warranted by local conditions is a matter that can only be discovered by a proper study of the figures involved." Ye print herewith some paragraphs from the pamphlet just issu "The Government, with the concurrance of the citizens gen- erally, has entered wholeheartedly into the problem of satisfac- torily solving the inherently difficult task of extending electrical service to rural districts. Prior to 1921 service was given to rural consumers through in individual municipal utilities. The rural consumers thus served;*who numbered about 2,900 in 1920, were for the most part reached by short rural extensions to the existing urban and suburban distribution networks. In 1920 the provincial Governemnt by an amendment to The Power Commis- sion Act provided for the foramtion of "rural power districts" and, in 1921, passed The Rural Hydro-Electric Distribution Act, 1921, which. provided for the payment of a "grant-in-aid' of "fifty per cent. of the capital cost of constructing and erecting in the rural power zone primary transmission lines and cables.' Each rural power district covers the area which can economically be served from one or more central points of supply, and thus usually in- cludes parts of two or more townships. The Commission, as trustee for the respective townships, builds the lines and operates the rural power districts, thus securing for the consumers the ad- vantages and economies of co-ordination, standardization and larger-scale operation. Loans to Rural Consumers The first of these was The Rural Power District Loans Act, 1980. Certain farmers and others in rural power districts who desired to take full and early advantage of the hydro-electric ser- ivce were deterred by the difficulty of financing the cost of the necessary wiring and equipment on their premises. By this Act, provincial funds up to a maximum of $2,000,000 were made avail- able to the Commission and authority given it to make to rural consumers loans, not exceeding $1,000.00 for any one consumer; but in all cases the consumer has to co-operate by furnishing ade- quate security. In respect of wiring on the consumer's premises and in his buildings, and also in respect of motors and appliances for the utilization of electric service, loans may be made under regulations which provide for repayment with interest at six per cent, over various periods depending upon the character of the equipment, but not in any case exceeding twenty years. Why Rural Distribution is Necessarily More Costly. Having now definitely afirmed that charges for rural electrical : service in Ontario are intrinsically low, and having shown how, under the principle of service "at cost," tha urban consumer bears his full proportion of the costs while the rural consumer receives governmental aid which is not so received by urban consumers, with the result that the difference in charges is very moderate, it may add to the fuller understanding of "the subject of rural electri- cal service if supplied an answer to a question which is often asked, ~~~... namely, why does rural electrical service cost more than urban service? Briefly stated, the principal reasons are as follows: (1) Primarily, the difficulty is one of scattered population and greater distances between consumers, resulting in a much higher capital investment per rural consumer for the necessary transmission and distribution lines, with consequent higher annual costs. In round figures and for the purpose of illustration, it may be stated that the number of consumers served by a mile of line is about 20 to 50 times greater in the cities than in Ontario rural areas. It will be appreciated, therefore, that the capital invest- ment for such important items of cost as poles, insulators and con- ductors, to serve each rural consumer is much higher than the corresponding costs for each urban consumer. (2) In the case of isolated farm consumers each service re- quires a separate transformer and switching equipment. In the case of urban service one transformer usually serves a large num- ber of consumers, and, moreover (due to the important factor of diversity), for a given aggregate connected load the transformer capacity required per consumer is much less in the case of urban centres, and therefore less costly. (8) The operating costs due to the distances to be covered, to the exposed weather conditions and to other factors, are rela- tively high in the country. These have to be borne by perhaps three to ten customers per mile of line, instead of by some 200 or more as in the city. It should be understood that although the Government con- tribution of 50 per cent of capital costs for rural distribution is of substantial assistance in reducing interest and sinking fund costs, it does not, of course, effect a 50 per cent reduction in total costs of rural service. Such items as depreciation, operation and main- tenance costs apply on the whole capital investment and, except as modified by the Government's guarantee in respect of maximum service charges these costs and the rural power districts' propor- tional share of wholesale costs of power must be met out of the revenues from consumers. Thus, in view of the features which inherently constitute serious handicaps to the provision of rural electrical service at low cost under the conditions found in Ontario agricultural territory, it will be appreciated that had it not been for the Commission's most earnest efforts to design and standardize economical methods of rural distribution together with government assistance it would have been impossible to provide service to farmers and other rural consumers at the low rates that now prevail in Ontario rural power districts. Critics outside the Province who acknowledge that costs of electrical service in Ontario are low, sometimes misrepresent the true natyre and extent of Ontario's rural grant-in-aid, in an at- tempt to show that the success of the Hydro undertaking as a whole is based upon governmental subsidies." Building a Gasoline Launel . Mr. Tom Bowerman is building a handsome launch for Mr. Claude Pearce, of Toronto.. The ghsoline is being constructed of mahogany, and ie a_beautiful iece of workmanship. It is a pleasure to see Tom at: oh his sho on Water Street. This is the second tagany launch ie bs constructed, We hope