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Voice of | Hh CANADA $ Steps Forward Again As usual, John Bull has taken the initiative in showing good faith toward his obligations by a tentative arrange- ment for payment to the United States of war debts deferred during the past year. The Hoover moratorium applied to all debtor nations, but none except Britain, so far, has come' forward to make a settlement, as she was also first to make the original war-debts settlement. Her arrangement at that time was the most costly ot all, and the present proposal, rather than bring- ing relief, increases the expense. The interest rate is 4 per cent. instead of 3, and if the pound remains at less than par when the money is forwarded the pament ia pounds will be that much heavier. The fact that Britain's arrangement ) is conditional does not alter the prin- ciple.. Westminster hopes a way will be found to wipe out all war debts or adjust them to prevailing conditions. Payment of arrears will depend upon the outcome of negotiations at Lau- sanne on the major problem. John Bull has let it become known that he will follow his traditional policy of meeting obigations, no matter how it En hurts.--Toronto Mail and Empire. The New Zealand Treaty Any treaty or trade arrangement that gives Canada a, preferénce in a $200,000,000 a year market cannot but f bi be a good thing for Canada. That is what has happened in tha case of the now treaty entered into with New Zea- land, and the consequences are bound to be bencficial.--Ottawa Journal "Holding On To It" It is understood here that United States railways, in order to hold Cana- dian traffic for their lines, are accept- ing payment in Canadian funds, It means that in these transportation matters the Canadian people are re- ceiving no compensating advantage from their depreciated dollar. It also demonstrates the determination of United States carriers not to relin- quish the Canadian trafic which is diverted from our own lines and our own ports. --Halifax Herald Sunny Ontario Those who talk 5 freely in this country of Sunny California do not ge.m to realize that Canada's most southerly point in as far south as the northern boundary of California, and that this point is in Ontario. Pelee Island, in Lake Erie, #Yout 45 miles from Windsor, is the area in question. Th» Dominion's' southernmost point 1 father south than 11 of the states of the neighboring republic, and south of part of eight other states. The states farther north than this part of Canada are: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Oregon and Washington, while those partly north are Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsyl- vania, Michigan, Towa, Nebraska and Wyoming. Giving further considera- tion to the physical geography of this continent, what do we find? Merely this--and contrary to what is general- ly believed--that the 49th parallel of latitude is not the southerly boundary of Canada. It separates only the four Weslern Provinces from the adjacent states. The most populous sections of Ontario and Quebec, and the provinces of Prince Bdward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are located south of the 49th parallel--Toronto Mail and Empire, . Lancashire's Change With ruin staring them in the face if the present situation is prolonged, the cotton spinners of Lancashire have at last taken their courage in their hands and moved to break the dead- lock created by the refusal of the workmen to stand by the tentative agreement regarding more looms and wage limitations reached towards the end of March. They have decided to * terminate the agreement of 1929 under which working hours were reduced from 55% per week to 48 and a com- pensating wage scale provided. This simply means that each individual mill owner will be able to conclude a separate agreement with his own em- "poyees. In fact, a number of firms have already done so, introducing more looms per operator and cutting wages, and are now working full capacity un- der the mew agreement. -- Montreal Star. What of the "Dole?" A year or two ago nearly everybody in Canada and the United States was ~ plaming conditions in Britain on what they called "the dole" and predicting that nothing was So necessary as the ending of this system which was des- cribed as paying a cash bonus to tdle- 'ness. In Canada and the United States, where unemployment is wide- 'spread and where "relief" has to be itudes of people running Canada, The Empire and The World at Large and to conduct themselves with friend- the Press Preparing for the Conference The Winnipeg Board of Trade has done an excellent piece of work in the brief prepared at the request of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce in preparation for the Imperial Economic Conference. Its detail is exhaustive, .and represents the results of a very the rough survey of commerce and in- dustry in Manitoba. The leading re- commendation is that a permanent In- ter-Empire board shall be formed, to meet at least once a year for the pur- pose of promoting the development of Inter-Empipe trade and the fullest pos- sible utilization of the Empire's re- sources and man-power. -- Winnipeg Tribune, The Last Canadian Frontier "The Men of the Last Frontier," by Gray Owl, a Scottish-Indian trapper' who served overseas during the war, gives a vivid picture of Indian life in the northern Canadian wilds. The book has considerable merit as a Cana- dian product by an aboriginal Cana- dian. It constitutes a real addition to the literature of the nation. It has been considered worthy of a full-page review in .the Sunday edition of the New York Times, The exclusive Cana- dian rights are owned by the Macmil- lan Company of Canada, Limited, St. Martin's House, Toronto. -- Toronto Mail and Empire. THE EMPIRE British Finance The financial typhoon which has de- vastated the whole commercial world hit Great Britain with terrific force. It even waterlogged the pound sterl- ing. But cool, competent navigation has righted the ship, and it seems like- ly that she will reach quiet waters be- fore any other of the nations have weathered the storm.--Melbourne Aus- tralasian. Violence in India During the past few weeks there has been an epidemic of serious dacoities and murders from which few parts of India have been exempt. It is not necessary to assume that all these crimes are necessarily due to political or terrorist motives. That is not to say that the Congress does not bear a very serious share of responsibility. For ten years Congress have consist- ently preached the virtues of breaking the law and every day in every way have done their utmost to make the task of the guardians of law and order as difficult as possible. It is, however, a well known fact, confirmed by Police records in all parts of India, that econ- omic depression is at once reflected in an increase of cognisable crime; that there are more dacoities when the monsoon fails. This year, as if the worldwide economic depression were not serious enough, the winter rains have generally failed in Northern In- dia. --Calcutta Englishman. This Patriotism Foreigners resident in Egypt often share the opinion of many Egyptians that the British community appear in- different to the pride of their heritage. The truth can be witnessed at least once a year, whn the 24th of May brings round Empire Day. It is essen- tial that if this celebration of a great national occasion must be made, it should be made well. Apart from the necessity of imparting the correct im- pression, it is necessary to remind one- self in an impressive way that one be- longs to a world-wide community of the greatest kinship that history has aver recorded. The children must have the important fact deeply planted in their growing and impressionable minds if they are to carry on the tra- ditions and work that their parents will one day bequeath to the. The un- dying spirit or Britain is as powerful and virile to-day as it hag ever been.-- Cairn Sphinx. The Plague of the Roads Hvery day eighteen people are dying on the roads, and 650 are | belng lno- jured, many of them for life. Imagine the outery through the country if some plague spread through the towns and villages of the land and struck down as any victims! How can we fight the plague of the roads? It seems little use to pile Act of Parliament upon Act of Parliament. The reckless driver will still be reckless even though he is condemned by a thousand Acts. The only remedy is the sterner application of the powers to punish the careless man at the wheel. There is no need for any penal code against the careless pedestrian. He is already punished by death.--London Daily News. Britain and Europe Great Britain's troubles lie in and proceed from Europe, which has dratn- od 'her through the centuries of how any millions of lives and what unac- countable wealth, The British people mean to 'be free of this incubus. They 'moan to regain their liberty of action ship' towards all nations, and to en~ ments ith none. And they mean to] p own measure of their labili- ties and to provide against them asthoy ference after conference at Geneva and Lausanne--futile political tea- parties that end in nothing but strife, distract our statesmen from the Em- pire, and are proving the dearest in- vestment we ever ~ade.--The London Daily Express Empire Settlement and Ottawa We have got to prove to the Do- minions that it is to their interest to broaden their policy on a foundation of inter-Empire preference. This does not apply merely to goods and to pro- du >. The Federation of British In- dustries rightly insists upon the im- portance of people. In 1913 we sent 285,046 emigrants t~ ."e Overseas Em- pire; by 1931 the number had dropped to 27,151, The flow must be started again--to their advantage as much as ours. There can be no thought of dumping either in people or in goods; any arrangement that is likely to be acceptable to the Dominions must be as much to their advantage as to ours. The bargain must equally benefit both sides.--London Evering Post, Ottawa Prospects Already Ottawa is becoming the bat- tleground of many diver.e commercial interests from every part of the Bri- tish Commonwealth, ar1 the Confer- ence is threatened with "log-rolling" on an unprecedented scale, Already, too, Canadian manufacturers are mak- ing it increasingly plain tht they do not intend to agree to plans which will admit - British manufactured goo8s more freely into Canada. It is extreme- ly doubtful whether a comprehensive scheme of Imperial Preference can be contrived. --London Daily Herald. OTHER OPINIONS The Sentimental English The reluctance of the English to ac- cept a newcomer can scarcely be ex- aggerated. It is a formidable fact founded upon a basic, racial character- istic--a complete lack of curiosity. This queer people does not like variety novelty or change. It likes sameness, monotony, repetition. There are two kinds of pleasure--the pleasure of sur- prise, adored by children, and the plea- sure of recognition, cherished by the aged, The English are an old people. They are more mature and less child- {sh than any other race on earth save the Chinese. They love "old favour- ites"--old tunes they've heard for Amelia Barhart Putnam taken at Londonderry, Ireland, after prov- ing to world that women have the stamina to withstand the fatigue and strain of flylng the stormy' Atlantic. z ment.--Mary "Borden in the Woman's years, old singers who can no longer sing, old jokes and old comedians who crack the same old jokes; they will go in their thousands to hear an old wo- man with a cracked voice sing dread- fully the songs she sang beautifully fifty years ago, and they will enjoy it. They will not hear the pathetic thread~ bare screech of the worn-out instru- ment; for something queer has hap- pened to them, and. they will hear again the echo of the old, vanished loveliness. Their memory is strong; it is, for them, the source of all senti- Journal. nt Af Scotland Yard Prepares To Forestall Burglaries London.--Scotland Yard has created a new department whose job it is not to catch burglars, but to get ahead of them. The new bureau, which-has a staff of three men, is expected to de- vise plans for preventing a ciass of crimes which have caused London po- lice much trouble recently--the break- ing and looting of . show windows, holdups by bandits with fast auto- nobiles, and burglaries of art objects. The bureau was established by Lord Trenchard, new head of the Yard, as part of a general overhauling. It will be staffed by a former army officer, a civilian who workec at Scotland Yard and a detective from headquarters. Novel suggestions will be consider- ed, the announcement said, and ro counter-crime project, no matter how fantastic, will be ruled out, ------g Engineer's Discovery Offers New Use For Pine Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.--After many months of research work, Otto Brauns, technical engineer of the Abitibi Pow- er and Paper Company, announces he has developed a system which elini- inates pitch trouble from the manu- facture of paper from pulpwood. The new system, now in operation at the local mill, will mean a much greater percentage of balsam and jackpine can be used for paper-making than formerly, it was said. Toronto.--If the new system elim- inates pitch from jackpine to such an extent that newsprint can be made, it is a great thing for the north country, declares Dr. C. H. Howe, Dean of Faculty of Forestry at the University of Toronto. Experiments along this line have been carried on for ten years. think fit. Tho frst step 10.448 rear ry of our political frsedoll Hus Pe te make an end of this farce of om: ! New Dirigible Well Under * Woy | Young. | stabilize the forest after it has been i their fragrance more than 24 hours H of the says: Dr. | d by the dest forests and watersheds," forest obtain their foothold the pioneer wild flowers prepare the way. Year after year their bodies add to the soll, | ase 'thus building up the humus, 'one' of the most valuable constituents of soils] humus, changed until the physical and chemi cal properties essential for tree growth have been. provided. "Flowering plants are necessary in order to pioneer the raw soil areas which later are to be inhabited by for est communities," explains Dr, Young. "Moreover, the flowering plants must established. This is accomplished by firmly binding the soil with their fibrous root systems which le with the large roots of the trees. This root assembl in addition to vegu- lating the water supply of the soil, 'pre vents erosion of the forest floor. If the herbs and shrubs of the forest floor are destroyed preservation of the for- est becomes a very serious problem. In fact there is no way the forest can be saved except by the introduction of shrubs and herbaceous flora. "So complete has been the hunt for wild flowers that many species are now practically extinct, It is alarming when we stop to think that the public may bg robbed of many more wild flower species in a few years if the habit of picking wild flowers is not stopped." Dr. Young states that it is almost futile to pick wild flowers because they wilt quickly and few of them retain after being picked. ers Summer Time--Fly Time! 'No one is physically afraid of a fly because it can do mo actual hurt of itself. It has, however, many bad habits which make it a dangerous in- sect to the human race. When a fly eats, it steps into the food and not only eats all it wishes but covers legs, body and wings. In this way it may collect a few typhoid germs from a yard-toilet, or tubercle bacilli from an open cuspidor. It then next alights on some article of food such as the milk pitcher, fruit or vegetables, bread or cake, or the baby's bottle. After that it is only a short time till some individual, old or young, is Infected. Once the fly enters the homes, it is impossible to provide protection from the germs which may enter with the insect. It is necessary, therefore, to take such measures as will not only keep the flies outside but reduce their number in the neighborhood to a mini- mum. The prevention of fly breeding may be assured by the elimination of its breeding places. This requires the proper care of stable manure and the removal or disinfection of other de- composing refuse such as garbage, wet papers and rubbish of all sorts! The treatment of manure and other refuse with chemical disinfectants for the prevention of fly breeding is a develop- ment of recent years and progress has been rapid. Flies love the garbage pall, so this receptacle should always be kept tightly covered. Flies breed in almost any rotting or fer ting matter. They breed in any kind of dung, whether from horses, cows, pigs, or human beings. Decay- ing grains, rotting fruit or vegetables, waste cotton or woollen garments, sacking and paper--all furnish admir- able breeding places when the ma- terials are moist and warm and especi- ally when mixed with ashes or earth. ee Flying the Atlantic By Amelia Earhart Putnam. First Woman to Fly the Atlantic Alone, in a Speech Before the In- stitute of Journalists, London. I came over with no plans and no special purpose--I felt my trip was just a vacation, and I enjoyed myself very much, About my flight: It was different types of flying than I expec- ed; there | were clouds, sto have suffered So. severely. that many 'provifice pass destruction of wild flowers will cor "Ages before. the trees of a| for tree growth. With the addition of |* the raw state of the soll is}: first quarter of 1931. different types of jving the than I an} expect epg vg AER signifi. venient and EES ne Be visu th of the year. quarter gold and. silver values of 8910.92 in "the first i rh en of the mines In ot Kirkland Lake for the quarter this year had a value of $5,707,397 com-. pared with $4,974,062 in the first three months of 1931. ~The Porcu- pine production this year was $5,- 071,630, while' in the corresponding period of last year it was $4.761- 383. In north-western Ontario the output for the first quarter of 1932 was $354,282%against $184,047 for the Largest Production Lake Shore in the Kirkland Lake field wag again the mine with the largest individual production, second place being , held . by Hollinger of Porcupine, After Hollinger In March Teck-Hughes came next fin the value of its output, being follow- ed in order by Mcintyre, Dome, Wright-Hargreaves, Howey, Sylvan- ite, Coniarum, Kirkland Lake Gold, Vipond, Parkhill, Minto, March and Barry-Hollinger. Ontario 18 the primary gold field of the Dominion. In 1931 produc- tion from that province accounted for over 75 per cent. of the total gold output of Canada. Gold pro- duction from Ontario last year was 2,085,818 fine ounces out of a total output for Canada of 2,695,219 ounces. The other chief gold pro- ducers among the provinces are Quebec, British 'Columbia and Mani. | toba. The growth in Quebec and, Manitoba has been particularly rapid in recent years. World production figures for gold are not yet available for 1931, but from the information so far published it is evident that Canada hag maintained her position as the second largest producer of the metal. a. Bank Messengers Chain Money Bags to Belts London.--Owing tc the number of attacks by thieves on persons carry- ing money in the streets of London, city banks have issued instructions that their messengers must revert to the system of chaining their satchels 'to belts round their waists, This was formerly a regular practice, but in some cases the messengers have com- 'promised by wearing: tie chains at- tached to their wrists. The new order is not popular with some of the clerks, who feels that they could give a good account of themselves if attacked. It is pointed out that there is a possibility that desperate thieves would not hesitate to kidnap men suspected of carrying large sums of money to make such an offence appear to be worth while. As the thieves who specialize in this form of crime invariably work in gangs, the possibility of kidnapping is by no means remote, and in cer- tain cases messengers are now ac- companied by body-guards. retorts fh snes Rail Fares Reduced In Germany for Summer Berlin--The Reich railways have reduced their fares, effective June 1, in the hope of stimulating travel and halting the decline in revenues. The fare reductions halve the ex- press train surcharges. Communta- tion and pupils' tickets are reduced from 8 to 21 per cent. For the first time the German . railways are to offer special summer commutation rates, with a 20 per cent reduction on round-trip tickets involving a dis- tance of ore than 200 kilometers, or approximately 135 miles, ---- le - Copenhagen Opens First rk For Women ~ For the first I north-western Ontario. The output] new types of cours:s winning their way into" higher education. Firmly resting on the traditional disciplines 'and equipments; the: curriculum yet bears the stamp of contemporary in- ° torests and sympathies. What were innovations "once consi are ac 'cepted at Brooklyn as essentinle of a college course. In the physical sciences "the recent intensified interest in research. is re- flected in the provision of * p1oblems" to be analyzed by advanced students, and electron physics and modern physical theories have regu- lar places in the department of paysics, and physical chemistry in the Cepartnfent of chemistry. - Newer thought in mathematies is represented by elective courses little heard of in the liberal arts college of two decades or so ago, such as projective geometry, higher geometry, modern plane geom- etry wn? a full exposition of the fun- damental concepts of the "purest" of the sciences. INNOVATION IN PHILOSOPHY. A closely related development in another field is the inclusion in' the offerings of the department Hf phil- csophy of a special course in mathe- matical logic, our vwn century's con- tribution to the alluring borderland between mathematics and philosophy. In the economics department, it is hardly surprising to find much atten- tion paid to "Business Fluctuations and Business Forecasting," labor problems, "Economic Control"--a study of the various proposals for re- organization and control of our econ- omic system--and that very important topic of the day, international trade. Pub ie opinion and its' immense bear- ing on political and other questions are accorded special emphasis in a course in the department of govern- ment, tak:ng in not only the issues and methods of political parties but the instruments of opinion, with par- ticular attention to the newspaper and to the "pressure groups." STUDY OF MODERN AFFAIRS. The social science subjects register charges in historical, political and so- cial viewpoints, The economic and so- cial history of Europe occupies the at- tention of an advanced course cover- iLg two semesters. The study of the political and related historical devel- opments in Edstern Europe, long reglected by an older 'zeneration of students to when "Europe" was a synonyn. for Western Europe, has come into its >wn at last. And, as in economics, emphasis is placed :lso upon contemporary and recent events, whether here or abroad, such as on the history of Latin America and on the growth of imperialism. Special courses, available to seniors, in the thought, life and art of the more advanced anci:n'i and modern nations are offered in the language de- partments, both those -dealing with Greek and Latin and those dealing with French, Italian, German and Spanish, Contemport.ry work in each important field of literary "activity-- the novel, drama, essay, poetry, etc.--- is also surveyed in the more advanced courses. The department of education pro- vides a course in pedugogical nethods for early childhood training. Another course which bears the stamp >f mod- ernity is concerned witk "unified play and expressional activities." ~ liad Soviet Farmers Asked To Conserve All Horses Mostow. = Following, the recent of d to re- plenish the ly diminished herds of cattle by encouraging individual peasant cattle-breeding, the Commun- ist Party Central Committee recen'ly published a resolution instructing all loeal authorities to make every effort to preserve and restore the nation's horses, 'majorit; Ilective state farms and sy undertakings have not cared suit- "The document pointed out that "the