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Voice of CANADA Patronizing Peddlers People are awaking to the fact that not only does the peddler usually fail to give either good quality or fair ser- vice, but his unfair competition in- jures the local merchant and eventual ly reacts on the public. The peddler does nothing to support the town he enters. He leaves to others the mat- ter of paying for the roads, the side- walks, the water sefwice, the lights, the fire protection, the sewerage, the police protection and the various other services that must be maintain- ed in any town. The peddler does not assist in the maintenance of local churches, schools, community organi- gations, sports, relief or anything else essentially local. So far as the local municipality is concerned the peddler 1s only a parasite, a borrower who will never even acknowledge the debt. Seldom a week passes but The Ad- vance receives a complaint that a ped- dler sold a citizen a bathtub or a photograph or some printing or some prunes, and while frand may not be proven in a court of law the patron of the peddler is no more pleased than if it were. The local merchant, ninety times out of a hundred can supply a better grade of gbods than the peddler provides. This is always the peddlers trick--to talk about the price for a superior article carried locally, and on the mere question of low price, foist upon the customer something that will prove costly indeed. The more important phase, however, is the in- jury to the public from this peddling system with all its unfairness, If all business were done by peddlers not a local municipality could exist. When the peddler has a free swing, local business must necessarily suffer. If business is handed over to the ped- dler, the business men can not be ex- pected to provide credit, extend ser- vice, pay taxes, and contribute to the various causes that maintain a town in progress and prosperity. With all the'talk about peddlers now going on in s0 many towns it may be asked, "Why is something not done to remedy the situation?" Why is there not drastic action? The answer seems to be that in many cases those concerned see clearly the evil of the peddler in their own line, but they are not so ready to follow the general principle of protection for all against unfair competitiion. A man formerly in business in Timmins used almost to weep while he recounted the evils of the peddler to his own special lines, yel this merchant bought his printing from a peddler from out of town.-- Porcupine Advance (Timmins). LN 1 { t 1 i An Empire Park Halifax, which has meant so much in the history of the outposts of Em- pire, whose streets have echoed to the tread of soldiers, sailors and princes, has a suggestion for observance of the Imperial Economic Conference. The Halifax Mail urges that the Canadian Government set aside Citadel Hill as an Empire Park. The idea is entirely worthy. Citadel Hill rises steeply in th centre of the city, and from its top may be viewed the surrounding city and harbor, with waters that have been pliwed by Bri- tish ships ever since the founding of the city by Lord Cornwallis in 1749. On itadel Hill were guns that roared out in defense of the Western outpost of Empire and gave confidence to in- habitants of a tiny area on which rose the "meteor flag of England."--Tor- onto Mail and Empire. Inflation Effects Minneapolis Journal tells of A. C. Townley's plan to print five, ten or fif- teen billion dollars in five dollar bills and says if anyone is anxious to find out what the States would do for _ Change, coppers, five and ten-cent pieces, quarters, half-dollars, and dol- lars, that there would be no need of a bill smaller than five dollars. "Th8 five dollar bills would rapidly become of value so small that they would meet that probfem and that alone. One dol- lar bills, fifty-cent pieces, quarters and dimes would buy nothing at all by themselves. Prices would be stated in thousands--a fortune in face value for a bushel of wheat, a king's ran- som for a pair of overalls and nudism for everyone but the printer of the bills." Probably also every person would hasten to spend as quickly as he got the bills for fear lest they be- come of less and less value even in twenty-four hours' time. That was what 'happened the mark 'when the Germans were inflating it so that a million in old marks became not worth a cent. Who profited? Not those who bought or held marks.--On- 'tarfo Intelligencer. Summer Season Opens The summer season has opened with a deplorable toll of drowning ac- _cldents. Unless those who seek re-|" creation on or in the watér are warn- ed by the distressing reports which almost daily in the press, the lite from this cause is likely of last year when 341 in Ontario, ir "Canada, The Empire and The World at Large absorb immigrants as did the United States during last century, must remember that that capital, large- States to absorb those immigrants, was wasted in the Great War. Canada country years be as rich, and as populous as her friendly neighbor south of that un- fortified border, which is in itself a beacon to the world and a foreshad- owing of the day when forts and arm- ies shall be needed no more.--Hong Kong Press. ter of Mines there cannot be Empire co-operation in mining?) minerals is largely one of world over- production and inability to get on the the Press using artificial supports which may become displaced and prove more of a menace than an aid, These dangers have been dinned into the ears of the public again and again. Thoughtless disregard of them Is costly. And since thoughtlessness is char- acteristic of children, parents would do well to Impress upon them the necessity for caution when playing about the water, It does not do for any parent to imagine that his or her child is not going to get into danger without some watchful eye having it in view, It is well to have every child taught to swim at as early an age as possible, It is even more important to instil into them the peril of play- ing about water where there is no one to rescue them if they get into dan- ger.--Toronto Telegram. THE EMPIRE Canada and the Empire It is rue that she has not been able to but we y British, which enabléd the 'United still the Land of Promise--the that should In a hundred Empire Minerals Dr. Charles Camsell, Deputy-Minis- in Canada, asks why Our problem with base market at competitive prices, but an Empire agreement on the lines sug- gested by Dr, Camsell's address should go a long way to improve the position. If there is world over-pro- duction in a commodity all the more reason for the Empire to buy that commodity within the Empire, while the position arising from cut competi tion in certain minerals, from which Southern Rhodesia has = suffered, should be as susceptible to preferen- tial treatment as in the case of agri- cultural and manufactured products. The situation {is described by the Canadian Minister as one of almost incalculable possibilities. In view of his belief, the Canadian delegates can be expected to press the matter vig- ourously, so that something which is calculable may be achieved. It is a question which warrants the special interest of the Rhodesian delegates, for anything that would stimulate the revival of the base mineral industry in Rhodesia would have far-reaching ef- fects for good.--Salishury Rhodesia Herald. The Future in New South Wales Of course, world conditions are shockingly bad, and we cannot escape some of the consequences but there is a great deal on the other side of the ledger. We have had two extra g8od seasons, and a third seems highly probable. We are not in the position of those unfortunate countries which cannot find a market for their goods at any price; our staples all have a market of some sort, and wool is in a stronger position than any other great world produce; while for our manu- which for so many years we presented to the foreigner. We are not going to get back to the old conditions they were most unhealthy boem conditions, based on vast foreign borrowing and wasteful spendng, and were bound to crash. But wise government and con- fidence and a few fair years can bring us back more real prosperity than we ever had.--Sydney Bulletin, Empire Migration The report on Empire migration is- sued by the British Economic Advis- ory Council directs attention to an im- portant fact which will be of serious consequence to Australia when a re- turn to prosperity makes it desirable to augment our population by immi gration. "It is not sufficiently real- ized," says the council, "that Great Britain already has less than a re placement birth rate." That means that unless there is} further severe shrinkage in British trade, necessitat- ing the disposal by immigration of the number in excess of those who can be absorbed in home industries--an un- likely contingency--there will be no pressing motive impelling people to go to the Dominions.--Melbourne Aus- tralasian. 1 India and the Empire Preference There is a comforting belief held in India that as India's great staple in- dustries are exporters of indispens- 'able raw materials, there is no need 'about It is, perhaps, appropriate that the|-- next great Imperial Conference, upon which much depends, should be held at Ottawa for Canada since the War has given a lead to the Empire, American widespread price rather than quality as the basis of value. by instinct and practice is a consumer of good products, is having its taste steadily destroyed by the avalanche of bargain factures we have the home market) Australia is out to win at the olympics and since her team ar- rived at Los Angeles strenuous practice hag been enforced. Here is Cyclist Edgar Gray limbering up. OTHER OPINIONS Quality Outweighs Price A serious situation has arisen in industry because of the' propaganda stressing The buying public, which lowered and its standards advertising which has swept the coun- try. This ill-advised price appeal has been far-reaching in its bad effect, not only in deteriorating the consumer's standards, but also in increasing the difficulties of manufacturers of rell- able merchandise who must compete with business: operated solely on & price basis.--Boston Christian Science Monitor. No Decadence in Britain The fact is that the position of this singular nation, not merely during the last year or two. but during the last twelve years, has been very generaly misunderstood in other countries. Ob- 'servers like M, Andre Siegfried were disposed to detect signs of national decadence, But the very unrest which appeared in industry was in part due to the determination of ex-soldiers never to endure again the degrading fore the war. dure it. of unemployment and strikes, the middle classes, poverty many of them had known bes And they did not en- The most remarkable fact about British history since the war is that in spite of loss of exports, in spite the standard of living of the whole com- munity, from the humblest laborer to has shown an amazing improvement.--The Christian in action for the first time by a re- cord throng at the thirteenth Royal Air Force display here. ~The great air spectacle drew 250, 000 pald spectators and more than 250,000 outside the airdrome 'The day's big event was an en- counter betw.an the 'mew Hawker 'Hart day bomber and three Hawker- Fury fighters. These sur .are the fastest and latest types in the Royal Air Force. Secrecy has enshrouded them slice their inception and the Air 'Ministry still is unwilling to divulge their official performances. The bomber was Bpotted hovering in the air and immediately the Furies roared and started slooting up rock- ets, The battle began 'with the rat- tat-tat of machine guns. The bomber rolled and banked to evade the speed- ier pursuers but the Furies hung on its tail, Two Furies were sent down in "flames"--realistic re' smoke re- leased by the pilots~--before the homb- er was "shot down." The main program opened with a mass take-off of fifty-four bombers, comprising ' three squadrons of Air Force machines and three squadrons of volunteers. The civilian airmen, mostly bank clerks and office workers, showed a skill which compared favor ably with that of the professional air- men. A new huge night bomber, flying 126 miles an hour, aroused consider able interest, as did a Victoria troop carrier which can be converted into a. bom et Trading Farms for Settlers Britain is said to have hundreds of thousands of land-hungry people, and Canada has millions of empty acres of the finest land in the world. Britain is over-populated, and Canada could welcome. a population double the size of that which she now has. So the idea of some sort of fifty-fifty trading arrangement with Great Britain is one that is not by any means far-fetched at the present moment. Consequently, the back-to-the-land scheme on a fifty- fifty basis with the old country in ex- change for tariff preferences, as an- nounced by Senator A. D. McRae, has provoked keen interest in business circles. The Senator went West in order to get the views of the Western interests on those lines before the Regina preliminary meeting. His idea of using the vast Peace River ~s a lo- cation for British immigrants to be brought over first on a subsistence basis and then on a permanent farm establishment basis -has met with much favor. His idea of getting a strong preference for-Canadian grain, cattle and fruit in exchange for divid- ing Peace River's millions" of acres with Britain for. the use of her land- hungry people promises, it is said here, to settle rapidly a section that can support fifteen million people, it is estimated. The fi"ty-fifty basis, it is conceded, must, however, be one of finance as well as selection of those to gv on farms, part Canadian andi part Old Count: 7.--The New Outlook (Toronto). Love bought with gold 48 dear what- Science Monitor. ever its cost. Representing Australia Years ago Duke Kahanamoku of Hawaii set a new mark for the 100-yard swim. Physically fit at 42 hp hopes to win olympic hon. Drs: Mosaic and Streak Of Tomato Research work just. completed at the Dominion: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, St. Catharines, Ont. a branch laboratory of the Division of Botany, Experimental Farms Branch, of the Dominion Department of Agri- culture, demofistrates that "mosaic" and "streak" of tomatoes are seed borne, This has been accomplished in two ways by the St. Catharines La- boratory: (1) by growing under con- trolled conditions tomato plants that havo come from seed selected from streak plants, and (2) by inoculating healthy tomato plants with the crush- ed embryos from seed taken from plants affected with streak and mo- saic. By the first method as high as eight pe. cent. of streak and over thirty per cent. of mosaic was obtained, while the second method gave as high as 66 2-3 per cent, of streak and mosaic. It should be pointed out, however, that sometimes "streak" seed, that is seed from plants affected with streak, gave rise to plants that were abso- lutely healthy so that all seed from a disease plant does not necessarily transmit the disease. The same is also true for mosaic seed, that is seed from mosaic plants. On the other hand, clear cut evidence of the virus being present in the embryo of the seed has been obtained, and thus the possibility of seed transmission is at once apparent. Up till now, the efforts of the grov- er to control streak have all*teo-often met with very little success, largely because it was not known how the dis- ease originated. Now that our path- ologists have demonstrated that the disease may be carried in the seed it immediately suggests the use of seed that has come from streak-free plants. It is now hoped that by using clean seed and taking precautions to pre- vent infection of the plants through soil, or insects, that the disease may be satisfactorily controlled and thus thousands of dollars saved to Canada yearly as a result of the successful re- search work carried on at the Labox- atory of Plant Pathology St. Cathar- ines, Ontario, That there is good reason to believe that successful control of streak is now to be anticipated by the grower is shown by the results which have already been obtained at the St. Cath- ires Laboratory 'with secd specially selected from healthy plants. Using this seed they have been able to grow 'fiv » successive crops of tomatoes with- out any mosaic or streak whatever, whereas formerly, these diseases were generally present in all crops. . The grower is therefore urged to make his ' | mense forest resources which has con- | tributed' materally to the S prominence ot the Canadian capital in | trial world. Ottawa is approximately 400 miles northwest of New York and about 600 miles from Washington, the | has a popplation of about 125,000, and cluded in the corporation, substantial- 1 ly increase that figure. _| the arrival of Colonel By in 1826 with . the indus- capital of the United States, The city 'surrounding municipalities, not in- Development at Ottawa dates from a compan of British Royal Engineers who came to build the Rideau Canal, a military trade route of tramsporta- | tion linking the Ottawa and St. Law- rence Rivers, He pitched his camp close to the spot where the beautiful Chateau Laurier, which will be the home of the delegates to the confer- ence during their stay in Ottawa, now stands. Around this camp grew the village of Bytown, which by 1847 be- came an incorporated town. The name was changed to Ottawa in 1864, and three years later Queen Victoria selected the city as the capital of Canada. . The beauty of Ottawa is commented upon by every visitor. The architec- ture of its public buildings i§ approp- riate to the dignity of a great nation. The thirty miles of boulevards which encircle the city present an ever- changing panorama of beauty. Rich farming country lies to the south and west; immediately to the north rise the Laurentian Mountains, where fish- ing, hunting and life in the open in- vite the sportsman and adventurer. At Ottawa the river which gives the city its name is augmented by two other important streams--the Ridean{ and the Gatineau. These three rivers afford almost inexhaustible supplies' of electrical . energy which is made available to. the residents at a rate among the lowest in the world, Although Otta-ra's importance 'in world" affairs is due mainly to its political significance, the city has also sub:tantial other interests, A recent Abanl 208 + concerns in Ottawa with an invest- ment of approximately $60,000,000. The principal industries have to do with lumber and paper products and with. manufactures of wood, iron and steel. Modern Apiarists Use Bee Escapes "Hoarding" it a habit that has re- ceived. considerable criticism of late, but there are instances where hoard- ing has proven of great benefit to mankind. Several thousands of years ago some observant person noticed that a certain little insect had de- veloped the hebit of hoarding to a remarkable degree and this. person, like many of today, considered the principle a bad one, therefore set about to discover ways and means whereby the thrifty one could be made to disgorge at least a part of her sav- ings. How to get it was the question, for it was found that the little insect was just as ready to fight for what she had gathered as she was ready to work for it and the results were pain- ful to the plunderer. ~~ The persoa therefore decided that because the in- sect refused to give up her stores 'peacefully she must die, and die she did over the sulphur pit. With' the worker dead the process of robbing was easy but it was soon realized that to kill the worker in order to get her stores would scon result in no more stores to rob, but human cunning soon own selection of seed from healthy plants and thus reduce these diseases t¢ a minimum.--Experimental "Farm Note. $ Birth Rate Continues To Drop in France Paris.--The fall in the birth rate | in. France is gravely pre-occupying the 'nation, It is fegred that the population will decrease by half in! the next seventy-five years. France's population today is 'roughly 000, t0 of their labors. Bee escapes, therefore, should be included = the a pent of ee ovecame this difficulty by devising, a method whereby the stores could be obtained 'without the -owners' knowl- , edge. Bees ate encouraged to store : their honey in boxes (supers) above i the chamber in which they rear their | young and when these boxes are filled ithe beekeeper slips a thin board fitted | with a bee escape beneath them. The bees on their way out to gather more Loney, pass through the bee escape . but cannot return, therefore in a few { hours the box of honey may be re- moved without the bees knowing it and an empty one put in its place to all, Experi ies as the best and least painful me- ™ {hod of taking from the bees the fruits} { NATION KEEPS a RECO! national archives are kept, the ords of twenty-eight I Parisian notaries have been lodged in a new repository. This is. the result of the law passed by Parliament in 1928, which "author- jed and implored" notaries to store those of their files which were more than 125 years old in departmental or national archives. Until now a his- "At the Hotel de Rohan, where torian wishing to find out some de- tails in the history of Paris, or in that of any other French town, has been obliged to hunt through the records pnd files of the notaries of that town, ! procedure which v.as inconvenieni a entailed considerable loss of time. The records of the twenty-eight notar- ies which have just been stored at the Hotel de Rohan fill no fewer than 28,- 000 voluminous files. * * STORE USES TELEVISION. For the first time in France, outside a laboratory, a successful experiment of two-way telephony and television has been carried out. It was made * * | between the Galeries Lafayette, a de- partment store, and the offices of Le Matin, a Paris daily newspaper, about a mile distant from each other. An ordinary telephone was used for the conversation, and television transmit- ters were installed at both ends. The participants, although sitting in front of projectors, were quite unaware of the fact, as the light was filtered through an ebonite screen, which elim- inated all but the infra-red rays, and these are invisible to the naked eye: Receiving screens of ten inches by five were also installed, and reproduced the head and shoulders of the person transmitted." The restlts, although mt very clear, were pronounced quite good and the system (Baird-Nathan) is to be used by the Galeries Lafayette betwedk its stores in Paris and Lyons. * * * * LAWYERS FIRST AS DEPUTIES, - - More than a third of the newly b of the Chamber of en en 250--are lawyers. No other profession can boast of anything like this number of representatives in parliament, The next largest pro- fessional group consists of sixty-three farmers, landowners and agricultural engineers. There are also forty-six manufacturers, forty-two . doctors, thirty-five publicists, thirty-two pro- fessors, twenty-seven officials, nine- teen engineers, fifteen journalists, eight school teachers, eight mechanics, six chemists and three miners. * * * * JOYFUL NEWS FOR STUDENTS. Four hundred more candidates than last year are presenting themselves this year for the bachot or, to give this examination its proper name, the baccalaureat. Owing to the severity of the examiners, the number of "passes" in 1931 was very small, but, perhaps to encourage candidates, the rumor hag spread that this severity is to be somewhat relaxed during the examinations which are taking place in. June and July. SR terete A mens Canadian-Made Fertilizers Ottawa, Can--Procu 'ion of ferti lizer in Canada increased in 1931 by 66 per cent. in value compared with 1930, There are now 18 establishments in the Dominion c~gaged in the manufac. ture of fertilizers with a combined capital of $15,5.5,829, accordin,, to the Canadian Government Burean of Sta. tistics, which has just issued a report on the chemical and allied products / industries for the year 1931. This re- port states that the fertilizer group of industries had a production valued at $4,147,316 against $2,504,573 in 1930. Three other groups recorded advances, toilet preparations at $5, 172,039 comparing with $4,206,513; polishes and dressings, $1.475,068 com- pared to $1,346,899; and flavoring ex- tracts, '$1,609,501 against $1,644,092. The chemical industry of Canada is divided into 14 main groups of planta. Arranged in order of .valus, the groups and their total production in 1981 were as follows, the figures be- | ing from: the preliminary report for 'the year: paints, pigments and var- | nishes, $19,182,327; iscellanedus chemical industries, init prepara tons, inate; acids, alkali and -