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i Voice of Canada, The Empire and The World at Large the Press CANADA Log Schoolhouses in Ontario Far more attention is being paid to the estheic phase of education in rural schools now than in years past. Evi dence of this is seen in the modern design of rural school buildings 'and and are helping to prolong the crisis. --La Presse, Monfreal, Symbol of a Nation's Power . and Culture The August number of the National Geographic Magazine, official organ of the National Geographic Society, hi in the school gardens surr them. It seems a far cry, indeed, from the rural schools of the present day to the little log schoolhouse of our fathers' or our grandfathers' youth. And yet the annual report of the De- partment of Education for 1931 re- veals the fact that the time-honored log structure has not actually disap- peared. In fact, some counties in Ontario added log schoolhouses to their quota in 1930 and 1931. York County, for instance, is shown to have added one log school during the year, while Sim- coe reported two in 1931. Neither of these counties had any in 1930. The total decrease in this type of construc- tion of 14 for the province, however, is unchanged from the previous year. In all there were 87 log schools in On- tario, chiefly in Northern Ontario, but a decrease there of five from the pre- vious year. An aggregate of 6,503 public schools in the province is reported, or a de- crease of 63. Classified as to con- struction, 3,517 are built of brick, 409 of stone, 176 of concrete, 2,214 frame and 57 log. Every category shows a slight decrease in comparison with 1930. York County has 187 public schools, of which 160 are brick, 1 stone, 2 concrete and 11 frame, while Halton has 59 schools, 36 being brick, 13 stone, 4 concrete and 7 frame.-- Toronto Mail and Empire. Free Medical Service According to a statement at the con- vention of the Canadian Medical As- sociation, Canadian doctors gave $10,- 000,000 worth of free attention. in 1930. This year the amount is expected to be trebbled or quadrupled. This is a financial sacrifice which is not appreci- ated as it should be.--Calgary Herald. Young Ontario Craftsmen If genius is correctly defined as an fnfinite capacity for taking pains, there are at least forty-seven Ontario boys who have demonstrated their right to a place within that classifica- tion. This number of youths, of ages ranging from twelve to nineteen years, dave spent many spare hours in pro- 'ducing replicas of a Napoleonic state coach. The exhibition of these tiny working models which have been -on view for several days, reveals the high level of craftsmanship of the boys of this province. These young workmen have follow- od with remarkable fidelity the design and measurements furnished to them. They are competitors in a contest un- der the auspices of The Telegram Chapter Fisher Body Craftsman's Guild, the winners in which go on to an international competition, the high- er awards in which are university scholarships. In wood-work, metal-work, painting, upholstery and glazing the competit- ors have emulated the minute atten- tion to detail of the craftsmen of the mediaeval guilds. They have put in- to their work the loving interest that characterizes good workmanship of all time. The exhibition is a credit to the persevering industry and the con- structive ingenuity of the Ontario boy. --Toronto Telegram. Piano Returning An exchange asserts that ge last few months, particularly, have seen § great change in the attitude of the people of Canada toward the piano. In the United States the turn of the tide set in earlier--about a year ago. Some observers of the situation there have attributed some of the piano's revived popularity to the interest 'stimulated by the extensive series of plano talks and piano lessons that have been given over the American broadcasting chains and to the widespread system of piano class teaching in the public schools--a movement that is now well established in Canada. -- Brockville Recorder and Times. Industrial Progress During the year just closed 78 new industries have been established in Manitoba. In addition to the new in- dustries, existing industries added 47 new products to their lines, which is another phase of the same movement, These facts indicate vitality and adaptability which, to borrow a phrase from the biologists," a®s¥prime factors in survival, Actually the foundations of a great industrial development in Manitoba are being laid under present conditions, Industries which can gain a foothold and make progress now are bound to forge ahead rapidly with re- turning prosperity. -- Winnipeg Trl bune. Self Help Necessary There are thousands of cases where, employment being lacking, it is neces- sary to subsist by the charity of the community; but how many people re- fuse to try and help themselves, and, pgEfed Wi , has as its leading article "Ontario, Next Door." This article of 63 pages, accompanied by a map and 66 beautiful illustrations, was written by Frederick Simpich of the Geogra- phic's editorial staff, after an exten- sive survey and study of present-day Ontario, during which he traveled by airplane, train and boat from Windsor to Hudson Bay and from.Ottawa to Lake of the Woods. Mr, Simpich must be an accurate and intelligent observer, for this is how he describes Toronto: "The symbol of a new nation's power and culture. You cannot gauge it by mere figures. You may set down that greater Toronto has 850,000 peo- ple; 2,350 factories producing each year more than 654 million dollars' worth of goods; or that it has ten miles of waterfront, welcomes hun- dreds of conventions a year, besides two million paid visitors to its Cana- dian National Exhibition ;the fizeatest hotel, the highest building and the largest department stores. But Tor- onto is more than that. It is, to a singular degree, the focal point of much of all fresh thinking and indus- trial planning that goes on in the Do- minion."--Toronto Mail and Empire, Needed Instead of a New Year's resolution why not a week-end pledge to drive carefully and help prevent accidents generally? -- St. Thomas Times-Jour- nal, ' Back to the Land The back-to-the-land movement may not be as extensive as some of us have hoped. But even reduced to less ample proportions, it will have accomplished a useful work. There has been too much refidiness to believe that the towns are paradises, and that money can be picked up there in abundance. The sad discovery has now been made that they are far from being Klon- dykes. Though there may be some- thing alluring in the thought of re- ceiving every week a salary which the farmer would take a month or more to make, the needs of a town life multi- ply so rapidly that wealth often dis- appears as fast as it is earned. THE EMPIRE Britain's Foreign Loans It Ottawa does nothing else, it will have been worth while if it ensures that a check is put to the headlong rush of British investors to put their money into foreign loans. In ten years £203,000,000 of British maney has been thus subscribed--seventy per cent. of the interest now being in de- fault. Before the crisis--the sum is much larger now--DBritain was owed by foreign countries the stupendous sum of £3,000,000,000; and an uncom- fortably large amount of this must be regarded as & bad debt. = But loans within the Empire are not bad debts; not to the extent of a single farthing has any colony or dominion defaulted. --National Graphic (London). Mutual Concessions What the Conference will have to seek is agreement on some general principle which can be applied equally to the agricultural industries of Great Britain and to the manufacturing in- dustries of the Dominions. Whatever . compromise is adopted must apply to all. There is no need to measure too exactly concessions against conces- sions, but any glaring inequality would defeat its own ends. Public opinion in none of the Dominions would long tolerate an arrangement under which, for instance, British textiles were ad- mitted freely into its market while its meat, or flour, or fruit was only ad- mitted into the British market on con- ditions which prevented any competi tion with the British product. And the converse is equally true. Any agreement to be lasting must be re- ciprocal in its advantages, and the lower the scale of protection on which that reciprocity can be effected the better will the general interests be served. --London Times. United Europe Dealing with the aspect of Lausanne, psychologically the fact is of soving value to a disillusioned world. It means that its self-respect and its be- liet in its leaders have been re-estab- lished. It means that realism has at last won the day, and that the crazy system elaborated at Versailles and precariously maintained by every prop and artifice since has been decisively discredited. Materially, it means as much or more. Eprope has done what » London Sunday Times. Sins Reward of Industry In the U.S. A recent issue of Collier's the doubters said she would never do --she has achieved unity on the een- tral condition of economic recovery. She has forgotten the past in-deter- mining to make a saner future, and in so doing she has presented America with a situation which, Presidential or no Presidential elections, America will find herself unable to ignore.-- op © it docks in France. "Miss Montreal," selected to represent Quebec's metropolis in the international beauty pageant at Paris, is shown here aboard a liner as pany that disposed of the hog sent Mr. Magnan notice of the sale, with a cheque and statement c: the transac- tion, The animal was sold for $1.61. From the tremendous sum the com- pany deducted expenses, state taxes and its own commission, and sent Mr, Magnan the balance--b cents. Such an incredible' thing was almost too much for Mr. W, H. C. Carriere, of this city, who dropped a line toMr. Magnan. Here is the answer: "What you saw in Collier's was straight goods. It was a small enough rice, so I had it put in the paper. I am saving the cheque, which I am going to-put in a cheap frame as an evidence of the hard times we had in Minnesota in 32 --and I think the hard 'times are not over yet."--Ottawa Citizen. . rn aa Swedish Family Has Owned Homestead 14 Generations Falun, Sweden.--At a meeting of Dalecarlian homesteaders, called by the Provincial Government, it was found that 700 families had possessed their homesteads for more than a hun- dred years, and several of these had owned theirs for many centuries. Special attention was attracted by the family of Anderson, of the Erk homestead, who produced documents ir evidence of their claim ot having owned their farm for more than four- teen generations covering a period of 500 years or since 1435. The present Governor of Dalecarlia, Herman Kvarnzelium, distributed several dip- lomas to the homesteaders in recogni- tion of their love for their native soil. Ae Prince of Wales Has Become Own Physician London.--The Prince of Wales has become his own doctor--to a certain extent -- according to his own testl- mony before the British Medical As- sociation. "I have had so much advice," he told the learned physicians, "and have also learned, like many others, how to keep myself fit--that I have to somie extent become my own doctor. The doctor," first friend in life and last." he added gravely, "is certainly our Canada-Argentina Sales Show Steady Increase Montreal--Canada's sales to Argen- tina are on the increase as reflect- ed in shipping here. Last season shipments from this port were negli gible. This year a regular service is being maintained with 8000-ton motorships On each sailing, additional cargo space has been booked. Newsprint is being shipped in large quantities, and manufactured goods, rubber goods, electrical appliances, "shoes, tires and miscellaneous articles. The carriers pointed out that they were not making a profit, but are confident that if the present rate af improvement is continued they will gradually be able to produce sub- stantial profit. Within the next two years the trend toward a betterment of world conditions will have accel- erated and it is then hoped to under- take a fortnightly service. Condi- tions are beginning to mend in the South American republics, it was stated. - w--------r ----a-- Trans-Atlantic Survey To Map Air-Mail Route Truro, N.8.--R. E. Parkes, of New York, representing the Pan-American Airways, annour.ced here that Halifax might become a 'regular base for a trans-Atlantic air mail route. A sur- vey flight will begin at Minneapolis this month, the Northern route itiner- ary including Holy Roof, Newfound- land, Labrador, Greenland and Nor- way. The flight will take about a month. Data will be assembled on this trip and a regular service will be started within the next year, Mr. Parkes said. The craft to be used i; an amphibian, a Milady Taking to Monocle New York.--Women of the United States are taking up the monocle as a fashion feature for the fall season. The "monocle" to be worn is merely a. heavily-circled hole over the left eye in a very fine veil adjusted over a turban. A Difficalt Tum of a speed of 15 knots, |- 'unlike those.to-day, were masculine 'affairs, the only woman pre- at the New Jersey . sent being the priestess of the old 'Station. Tn hI Of Diya, oa ment Station. In the sat at an altar in the stadium. Although the male athletes com- pletely nude, without even' rows AREER, peted rad the soil is well supp h ' is well supplied with the loin cloth of earlier times, mod-| jo and since there is a great abund- esty was not the reason for the exclu- { ance of limstone and shell material sion of wonfen from the games. Some. j, 140 soction of the 'country the lime early religious taboo probably prevent- y for the i of acid ed the women from joining the regu-| ong jg easily obtained. lar Olympics, in the opinion of Dr. "Fora number of years the New Walier W, Hyde of the University of jorgey Agricultural Experiment Sta- ennsylvan experimet The Greek girls did not forego com- Hon at Duties ven Bong foe petitive athletics simply because they | or 1ime in connection with the grow- could not partici; in the ing of alfalfa," says Prof: go Olympiads. They had their own ath-| «pe work has shown that it sassafras letic festival at Olympia. This was In| 15am soil or soils having similar char- honor of Hera, the queen of the gods | yeteristics are allowed to go for a In Greek mythology. It was held| noriog of years without lime the soil every four years like the Olympic) pecomes so acid that alfalfa will not games for the men, The winner re-| grow and weeds and crab grass take ceived an olive crown and a share of possession of the land. Even with the cow sacrificed to Hera. Just 88| moderate application of lime the yield the male victors were allowed to erect | op hay is often much below what it statues to commemorate their Prow-| should be y ess, the feminine winners were allow- ; ed to set up painted pictures of them- selves ic_the 'temple of Hera, * The separation of the sexes in ath- letics was not customary throughout the Grecian world. Ionian women could witness games and Spartan | pai ny tel; girls took part in athletic contests hay. a Sound ie Sloan slid with boys. . oyster shells was used at the rate of 3 7% : 1000 pounds an acre the yield was Chicago Industrial Area 1 two tons of hay of a fair quality to Swept By Six Million Fire the acre. The yleld was nearly four Chitago'--Fire swept through' more tons of excellent hay to the acre when than twp blocks of buildings on the 2,000 pounds of the ground oyster near southwest. side 'of Chicago's: in- shells were used, With 4,000 pounds dustrial area last week, causing dam- of he ground oyster shells the yield was four and a half tons bf hay to the Be9 estimuiod at more han 36000000 acre, the crop having a protein value Injured while move thu half the ,_ | of almost two and one-half times that city's | 5¢ the hay from the and without th fire fighting equipment battled to keep joo out the the flames from getting out of control : The plant of the Omaha Packing "In the majority of cases, a ton of 'Company was virtually 'destroyed at ground limestone. or ground : Oyster an estimated loss of approximately shells, or about a' half ton of burned $5,000,000, : lime to the acre, applied once in five Fire officlals sald the conflagration, sot tn wend: coromin Is hoop he was started by a dust losi | good eondition for ing ai y st explosion in the 4103 The cost of this application' ten-storey elevator of the Quincy Ele- should not "exceed $1 50 an acre per vator Company. Daiiags to ine elevator aud ts son year. There are, however, exceptional tents was placed at $800,000. cases where.-more lime will be re- quired." The flames also spread to the lum- -- & ber yard of the W. D. Crane Company Dai » : sud the coal yards of the Consumers The Aryman 8 o Expenses ompany. that produces less than At the packing plant, 3,000 hogs, 800 | 250 pounds of fat cannot make a cattle and 700 sheep were burned alive | Profit for the dairyman, believes E. in the livestock pens. Only a tew, I. Perry, extension dairyman at the minor buildings belonging to the NeW Jersey Agricultural Experiment slaughter house were saved. Station, who bases this contention emir coe on present milk prices and the cost Heavy Fruit Crops 2 of running a dairy farm. It ig dif- ficult at present for a herd- averag- In New York State Poughkeepsie, N.Y. -- Heavy fruit ing even 300 pounds of fat to yleld a return sover all expenses, he says crops are expected in New York State| 2nd there is ~ need of a weeding out this year with the single exception of of all inferior animals from the rank the Baldwin apple, according to Mr. and file of the New Jersey herds. Walter R. Clarke, president of the Milk and fat records, regularly New York State Horticultural Society, | kePt: are indispensable in eliminat- Returning here from a tour of the principal fruit-growing sections of the ing the unnecessary expenditures caused by low-producing animals, State, Mr. Clarke said uniformly fa- vorable weather conditions had econ- low testers and speculative feeding. Mr. Perry advocates the establishing tributed to the preparation of bounti.| of monthly records of milk flow, with ful crops of fine quality. It the Hud- son Valley, apples, peaches, pears and | regular fat tests on each cow. Re- grapes are doing unusually well. The ports show that cows producing 9, 500 pounds of milk for the past year New York State pear crop is expected to be 116 per cent. greater than last in the Salem County Herd Improve- ment Association ate only 25 per cent year, although in other states it will take a drop. ' " expefimental plot without lime yield- ed at the rate of 1,713 pounds an acre, The crop, which was largely weeds and not alfalfa hay, was low in nutri- ment value and contained less than more feed while making 88 per cent more in returns over-feed costs than animals that produced 4,500 pounds . . . of milk, he states. During the year Former Kaiser Owns 467 different cows were entered in Czech Church the association, and of the 326 for Prague.--The seventy-fifth Yubilee! which full year records of milk, fat of the German Evangelical Church in| 80d feed costs were kept 12 per cent fenbad, North Bohemia, revealed Produced less than 250 pounds of fat. that the former German Emperor 1s | Eighty per cent of the herds in the the owner of the building of this Salem Association exceeded an aver congregation. Twenty-five years ago' 28 of 300 pounds of fat. The aver- the Kaiser. when still .ruling Ger-| 88@ yearly production of each asso. many presented the church with two | ciation cow was 7,300 pounds of milk, valuable windows. On the present 327 pounds of fat, while the average occasion, in a letter from Doorn,! Production of all New Jersey cows, William offered his congratulations according to the last census, was ap- and bestowed on the preacher of the Proximately 6,200 pounds 6f milk and church the Order of Hoh 11 24 ds of fat. mri The mating of the profitable cows Students' Cars Must Pass v.ith well-bred bhlls of proved an- . cestry is largely responsible for the Safety Test in Iowa high average of the cows in the | Ames, Towa.--Safety tests and the' Salem County herds, Mr. Perry de- requirement of ~liability* insurance clares. Culling and careful feeding point to the aboliticn of "campus are other important factors. flivvers" at Iowa State College here. wo------pk A new ruling of the school adminis- trative board requires that students driving automobiles invest in liability insurance up to $5,000 and that they submit their cars to light and brake n., by British Navy London--A, fleet of British naval oops has begun the annual task of recharting the ocean highways, This tests. 3 ; ' | undertaking requires several months {and costs more than $500,000. Five and a Half Months' 'The vessels engaged on the under- Fast Ended Near Warsaw, Indiana, July 15, 1931, ins a 500-pound hog wi accidentally cov-| 4 | ered with straw while threshing. After; and the reports from them will keep five and a-half months the stack was' the hydrographic department of the taken down, and as it was belng e- Admiralty busy for months. : moved out walked the hog, alive and | iralty official says that every well. As a result of its fast its vear several hundred new rocks are taking, equipped with many delicate truments, will take tens of thou- ve not yet teen | welght had been reduced by one-half. ; discovered 1 100,000 alterations to be ing charts. sor Blair. "In 1931 three cuttings of hay on the, D&S sands of soundings and calculations, | the survey. It is not| interesting Such 'pavings are being investigated in : erica, and have been tried on an ex- perimental scale in Singapore, Some- what similar to the use of latex im paving is its suggested use in compo- sition for covering athletic grounds and for filling expansion joints." Latex, a report of the Chemical So- ciety declares, may revolutionize the rubber industry. 3 MAY-BE USED IN AIRPLANES. "In aviation porous ebonite may be used in the manufacture of light rub- ber board for airplanes. A patent has Foy been granted to a picture-screen cor- poration for the production of a pro- ,xction screen by spraying a latex ition upon a itable fabrie e. "The ideal gas mask of the future' will 'have its rubber parts manufae- tured from latex. In' the radio in- dustry a process for the manufacture of latex impregnated diaphragms for loud-speakers has been patented "Latex cement is utilized in the shoe industry, in which there are many possibilities of additional uses. Com~ position soles may be made by using latex either with feut, with long cot- ton fibre, with tire scrap or with sili- con carbide or other abrasive sub- stances. Soles made of felt and com- pounded latex are said not to mark floor surfaces to be waterprocf and to be free of a tendency to spread. LATEX IN SHOE INDUSTRY. "The use of latex in the shoe in- dustry has grown so rapidly that at the present time latex cements are availabla for every cementing opera- tion, It is said that more than twenty 'different types of cements are used for such' operations 'as fitting and stich- ing, lasting, making, packing, weod- heel building, welting, héel building and applying sole leather. "Latex is making progress in the time and tube manufacture. The latex used in impregnating cord fa- bric constitutes a considerable propor- tion of the total amount of latex im- ported into America. The manufac- ture of inner tubes appears to he a A : feasible proposition. 'Other latex pro-, > pe ducts for the automobile industry : which have been developed beyond the experimental stage include the latex- banded brake and clutch linings. "Latex has invaded the automobile field even further, It is now being utilized *in the production of the sponge-rubber seats used in certain English cars. The rubber base for the mohair upholstering used in some ¢ automobiles is now also made from latex. "Latex is used in the insulation in- dustry, in paint manufacture, in the peper 'and rayon industries, in the manufacture of carpets, rugs and rubber flooring, in textiles and in a graat variety of other products. Latex has Heen suggested fo use in connec- tion with the production of rubber stoppers, milk bottle stoppers, rubber- lined bottle caps and artificial corks. An even more radical suggestion is the sealing of tropical fruits in a film of latex before transporting them. ALSO IN CHEWING GUM. "Chewing gum base is a material pe which is now being made from latex, hydrogenated oils and certain other ingredients, In this p the latex end oth.r ingredients are continuocs- ly agitated while being heated to ex- pel thé water. This latex has been fcund to be of particular value in the production of the so-called bubble gum which has gained considerable popularity with children. "Vulcanized latex is employed in the manufacture of non-slipping rugs, hospital sheeting, imitation leathe! i: pregnated fabrics, rubber soles; golf balls, electrical insulation, dental rubber, latext cements, meteorological balloons and various forms of dipped : goods. A development still in the ex- perimental stage is that of the manu- facture of inner tubes from wulean- ized latex. 5 "Ten years ago latex was as much a stranger to manufacture in Europe ard America as it is to the public to- * day. At the fifth International Rube ! ber Exhibition in London in 1921 latex is said to have been gazed upon as a Suriesity, even by scientists connected