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succeeding jl that may be done y an inpudicious heavy application which had now taken Lim. Note Mark's Sioid was - put- thirty ears, § sontimsouate crops, the loss was reduced more than Shequarter. "Where hoed erop, grain, clover and grown in rotation and backed up by a dressing of 'about sixteen tons manure per acre "once in the lon, or six lace | These organisms in their growth use is possible, then, that too heavy an ap- | succeeding crops. If this strawy man. wo of straw is dependent ve largely on the work of microrganisms. considerable quantities of nitrogen. It plication of strawy manure incorpor- ated into a soil, especially in spring, may result in nitrogen starvation of ure were applied in the fall and had all 'winter to decay, such a wasteful lock- ing up of nitrogen would be avoided. In fact, organic matter applied in this way actually builds up the nitrogen supply within the soil. In the process of decay nitrogen from the air is in- ted in the soil. Where straw times in a period of thirty years, there was practically no loss of organic mat. ter. The physical condition of the tained from applying it on clover sod soil was kept in best form and its water-holding capacity was not lower: ed. ¥ Rothamsted Experimental Station pomted out some years ago that a soil receiving 14 tons annually for thirty- five years holds thirty-two tons more "1, water per acre in the top nine inches than does the same soil without man- ure. 4 Organic matter not only retains pre- cipitation for the growing crops, but it is very active in catching and holding plant food or plant nutrients which come into solution. Successive crops take from this store of plantfood in the soil varying quantities of nitro- gen, phosphoric acid and potash, but if the organic matter of the soil is low- ered, not only does this loss of plant food onthe part of the crops wearing down the soil occur, but nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash and lime _go-out in soll drainage in increasing amounts, Cornell Agricultural Experi- ment Station and Rothamsted Experi mental Station, both have established this point from studies of soil in large tanks. On certain of the tanks the surface soil was kept bare of crops throughout the growing season. On other similar tanks and with the same soils a Fotation- of crops was jollowed. tenance of its organic matter. NC is to_be applied to the soil for fall wheat, frequently good results are ob: or on stubble where sweet clover has. been grown in the grain. The decay |: of the legume crop meets the immedi- | ness ate needs of nitrogen of the organisms of decay operating on the strawy man- ure and together they add to the nitro- gen content of the soil. The physical effect of organic mat- ter is considerable. For light gravelly loam or sandy soils organic matter is the one thing that gives them sub- stance or water-holding capacity. On heavy clay soils the incorporation of organic matter greatly assists the cir- culation of air throughout the soil. Plant fibre in'the soil 'can be built up by manuring, by plowing in crop residues such as stubble, leaves, vines of potatoes and other waste parts of any crop. A crop of clover or other legume not only adds organic matter in the vol of roots it prod and the abundant top growth, but it adds nitrogen to a soil by virtue of the bac- teria that grow upon its roots. Non- leguminous crops such as buckwheat, rye, etc. add plant fibre but no more nitrogen than they take out of the soil: Whatever the condition of farming business, attention should be given to keeping the farm machine--the goil-- in best possible condition by the main- Women, s va Flight Exploits Alarm French Writres Paris. -- Amy Johnson Mollison's recent record-smashing fligifts be- tween London and Cape Town have brought only grudging praise from Frenchmen, who are concerned over the 'possibility of French women be- coming infected with the virus of feminine athletic fever. J. H. Rosney, member of the Gon- court Academy, feels that such per- formances as those of Mrs. Mollison and Amelia Barhart Putnam would French woman's femin- Ine charm, he writes in a current periodical, "fs against the dictates of nature and of > "Masculinization - 'of the woman," and I don't believe for one minute y | basis. I have studied capitalism and unless: the c must let me jump whenever 1 want. Otherwise, nothing doing." BE 'The Teacher's Task By Lady Astor I am one of the fow people who really like teachors. I look upon them as bers of a ed | ting it, "immediately the spirit driv- eth him," v, 12. Jesus, sure now that he was his Father's, chosen One ("vloved," in 7. 11, means '"chosen") for, the great task, must face the various methods presenting themselves for the accom- 'plishing of that task. What road must h. mark out for himself? "The wild- erness" (v. 12) means the desolate and loaely Sountey that rises from the deen valley of the Jordan. What happened there Jesus himself must have told. Again, Mark's account very brief. He eviiently takes for granted that his readers are familiar w. "tit. He does not mention the fact, L t he seems to assume it in his refer- wuce to the ministering angels. For the forty days' Zast, compare the ® Sayer, ence of Mos Exod. 34: 28) ai Elijah 1 Free 19: 8. The wild beasts" may elt | be 'taken Lserally. That t them, Probably a alto the. expression symbolic f the "powers of dark- "" which ought to persuade Jesus that the world's way of doing things was better. "Gratify your God-given desire to help the poor by feeding them, improving their earthly lot, re- Veving their crushing load of pov- erty," Matt. 4: 8. "Take Rome's way of nulitarism and conquesi. You have the power, if only you will use it. Your peo people are Sailing for ¢ leader lik. yod,"" Matt. 4: 8, 9. "No? Well, then, God must love a for your brave loyalty. He will surely take care of you, In every place of dan, ou will walk unscathed, Even a fail ian the pin..icle of this temple will leave trhurt , . . and how it would impress and conviace the peo- ple!" Mat 4: 6. That whole spiritual ul e Mark Jasses over with his brief ge gripping se sentenc: , "he was with the wil From all these alluring prospects Jesus turned. No easy road to popua- larity, no shortcut to power, no expec- tations for an easy road--but the un- populer, disappointing, dangerous way Tnarked fool? out for him. The deci- sion was made, with shining face and Feart aflame with God (v. 13) he re- turned to try to make that same God known to men, II. THE COSTLY WAY, Mark 1: 14, 15. The "costly way" so Lravely resolv- ed upon in the wildernec. soon thrust itself upon our Lord. The first news that greeted him upon his return was that John was in prison. Any one who knew Herod would know that John's earthly career was about and- ed. Jesus loved John. It was John's preaching that had called Jesus out fror1 Nazareth. The people would certainly rally around any leader who would undertake to liberate him. Love, loyalty, shivalrs, y. Jutriotism, religion profession. "If you teachers don't | feel that way, don't go into the pro- fession of teaching children, We are passing through one of the most interesting periods in the his-|. 'tory of the world. People do not real- {ze how the world is changing. It is up to the teachers to train mankind, to develop the mind from the com- petitive one of today to a Rantoul: tive one. I have watched communism grow that it will last on a materialistic pitalistic system of so- - something better FH it will not con-| to ES It is necessary to in- spiritual something, Mark briefly A "Jesus came into Galilee preachiag." It looked as .f he Lad run away. Had Jesus struck a blow for Jorn he would have been hailed as the fares nationalistic, milita: Messiah. It would have s aster to his real Messiahship. of oi vhysical safety must then be sacrificed for the sake of that spiritial kingdom in which John will surely have his place. On to Galilee, therefore, Jesus hi +r takes a brave heart and a great love to do the things that appears selfish and cowardly. It was part of the cosy way that our Lord had At first Jesus' messa Menticat with Xa vs. 14, 16. It called for a al ty | time of storm, on of | implicitly followed because one has for action. But] Jlea-captain in the hose commands are confidence that in this course alone is safety, such is the authc."ty of Je- 818." Of the work facing tlLent they knew little--except that the inowledge of fishing which they now poss was tu be put to greater use, v. 17. Gifts of personality, knowledge, skill, when consecrated to God's purposes, find greater pone or their use than they found ever es : eo en ee fn mn: Winter Twilight A little while ago and yoy might see The Shouy trees against the saffron sky a That shifts through flame to rose; but now a calm Of solemn blue above, a stilly time, With pines that peer and listen, while the snow Gleams ghostly and the brittle sound of ice Tinkles along the dumbness, strange- ly loud, Since all the air ig tranced. Housed- in, the folk Clcse-gather at the ingle, hour Of fireside cheer and homely talk of and the Is welcomed, as the big, vague world beyond Moves nightward, merges into "mys: tery. --From "The. Ccllected Poems of Richard Burton," (New York. Bobbs Merrill.) ae A simian. New Oyster Incubato:s Give Sed Better Chance Washington, -- The infant oyster now has a be'ter chance to grow up a useful shellfish, thanks to two new "oyster incubators" developed by the United States Fisheries B.ological Station at Beaufort, N.C. The "incubators" consist of paper tubes and mats coated with cement and placed on the sea bottom. Thou- sands of the microscopic oyster larvae that otherwise would be lcst can at- tach themselves to these man-made Lavens of refuge and grow into seed oyste's, says Dr, H. F. Prytherch of the station, in a report to the Oyster Crowers' and Dealers' Association. In order to grow successfully young oysters need something to which they can attach themselves. Oyster shells have been used for this purpose, but use of the cement-coated paper de- vices is expected to enable large quantities of shells to be marketed for lime and poultry feed in crushed form. i re New Year So here hath been dawning Another blue day; Think, will thou let 'it Slip useless away? Out of eternity This new day is born; Into eternity At night will return. _, Behold it aforetime No eye ever did; So soon it for ever . ' From all eyes ig hid. ,, =Thomas Carlyle. Casey's. wile had been presented with Swiss, Casey was asked if they didn't make an awful row at night. "Well," he sald, "not so" bad. You Bot ve npn SE Black rougu crepe silk, so extreme- ly popular this season, made this graceful model. The softly draped scarf collar is white crepe. The sleeves puffed above the elbow and fitting the arms snugly below, are a well-liked feature. And note the length-giving line of the gored skirt, © It's simplicity itself to fashion it. Style No. 3197 is designed for sizes 14, 16, 18, 20 years, 86 and 38 inches bust. Size 16 requires 3% yards 39-inch with 3% yard 89-inch contrasting, Another youthful scheme is to carry it out in tomato red rough crepe silk. HOW TO ORDER PATTERNS. Write your name and address plain- ly, giving number and size of such patterns as you want. Enclose 16c in stamps or coin (coin preferred; wrap it carefully) "for each number, and address your order to Wilson Pattern Service, 73 West Adelaide St., Toronto. rn A i. Historic Paris Buildings Get Vigorous Scrubbing Paris.--The French capital and much of France have been undergoing 'a vigorous cleaning. Inside and out, many of France's historic buildings and monuments have undergone reno- vation, The Ministry of Public Works esti- mates that these projects in the last six months have provided employment for 15,000 men, who would have other. wise been idle, and that the cost of removing historic grime from ancient buildings is in excess of $400,000, Celebrated structures in Paris which are exposing new facades to residents include the Opera, Tour St. Jacques, the Pantheon dome, the Caroussel Arch, parts of the Louvre and the Palais Royal. 'While this unprecedented activity is of benefit to thousands of workers, it is to one group of Frenchmen. a sad and barbaric business, SE Oysters From Japan On the British Columbia coast there are three species of oysters--native, imported Eastern and imported Jap- arese. As a result of investigations carried on by the Biological Board of Canada in those waters in_the last few years, it has been found that the Japanese shellfish are th: hardiest of cll. While the native and import- ed Eastern products sometimes fail, there seems to be no limit to the quantity and quality of Japanese species, which can be successfully matured on the Pacific Coast. nr Arion, The windows in the House of Lords hear the othe (London) are never, opened. or meant to earlier people who inhabited North America are advanc-| ma rr : of : ropologist." this report on his recent work, at Sears adds another to the various ac: curate methods of measuring the time which has elapsed since the last glaci- ation, The new method is one that not only gives a medsur of the years but also reveals what the climate was in any given period by revealing nature and abundance of the vegeta- tion growing at that time. § Study Thin Sections of Peat. The method is based. upon the slow accumulation of vegetable matter in the form of peat, which contains' layer after layer of 'fossilized pollen. Since the pollen of every kind of plant is distinctive in shape and other characteristics, it is possible to court the percentage of various' plants rep- resented in each stratum by examin: ing the material with a microscope. Professor Sears reports that' he froze pleces of peat from various bogs in the Middle West and then cut them vertically into thin sections. After such treatment alternating layers of cellular and gelatinous materials are revealed, at least in some peats. These layers are considered by Dr. Sears to represent seasonal accumulations, one being laid down in summer and the other in winter; each pair thus repre- senting one year. The combined thick: ness of each pair averaged one 25th of one inch in the samples examined. This means that the peat accumulated at about the rate of three centuries per foot. Dr. Sears reports that this method of reading the climatic history of the past has now been applied to bogs in Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, Virginia, Arkan- sas and Southeastern Canada. They reveal that there have been at least five major climatic changes on this continent in the last 10,000 years: It 'was to be expected," of course, there should have been a gradual am- elioration of climate from glacial days to the present--a sort of slow warm- ing and drying. Presuming that this was the case, archaelogosists studying the relics of prehistoric men in Amer: ica have been puzzled by the overlap ping cultures discovered in varlous parts of the continent, especially 'the Ohio Valley, where there are traces of at least four distinct peoples, dach with a different type of culturs, and the period of occupation of each sharp- ly separated in point of time from the other, The evidence of the pollen and: the bog laminae, however, indicates that there has been no such simple ameli- oration of climate, but rather a series of distinct changes from wet to dry and back to wet, and from cold to warm, In the first period, around 10, 000 to 8,000 years ago, the climate was cold and wet, probably a hold- over from post-glacial conditions. In those days the Ohio Valley and most of Indiana were covered by forest of spruce, pine and fir, and if there were any primitive Americans living in the region they probably engaged in hunt- ing exclusively, a * KEEPING HIS SECRET, An Irishman on his way to the races was persuaded by three other occu- pants of the railway carriage to join in a game of solo, For half an hour he lost steadily, and then, to his astonishment,' he noticed one of the players, a tough- looking specimen who boasted a shade over one eye, produce an ace from nowhere, "Look here," he sald, "there's one member of the party cheating. I don't wish to cause any animosity, so I won't mention who it is, but if he does it again, I'll bung Hs other eye up." (Thnss STAT THERE'S AIOT MUCK -- ees THINGS WHEN Tiley Re gb © | not brought to his feet, in The Red Grom "He warns st stro ] moving the viet im of a mishap until the general na injury is learned. It in the way traffic; he should be shifted gently, bu "A Red Cross worker and his. wits : were in a collision in which she was- thrown out on the road. The sympa: thetic. crowd wanted to raise heér to her feet and rush her to a hospital in a sitting position. She complained of pains in her back. "But her husband kept her prone un- til an ambulance arrived. Then she was carefully shifted. The X-ray dis closed several broken veretebrae which had not been disturbed. In & few weeks she was well." "Had she been stood up and rushed to the hospital in a sitting position, the broken bones would probably have been displaced so as to injure the spin al cord and cause paralysis and death "Every one has heard of rubbling with snow to cure frost-bite, This wai found to be positively the worst meth od by the Byrd expedition. Instead the affected parts should be gradually thawed by covering wth a warm sur face, or keeping the victim in a just above the freezing point. "It is unwise to shake an uncon scious person to induce him to talk This will not_rouse him, and may de him harm. In cases of opium-poisom ing, however, the victim should be kept. awake," pu Modern surgery is based on keeping a wound absolutely clean. Yet, somd people still put spider webs, cuds of tobacco, or soot on fresh cuts. Raw oysters, salt pork, or boiled onions arg even in this day placed on infected wounds "to get the poison out." . The * old superstition prevails in some quar ters that you should put into a dog: bite some of the hair of the animal to ward off lockjaw. Of course, says Dr, Willison, all such substances increase the chances of infection, septicemia, or tetanus, To quote further: . "Drinking whisky or placing a fresh" ly killed chicken on the wound are ancient femedies for snakebite, The more recent measures of applying ames. monia or permanganate of potash are now no longer recommended. "Even without any treatment, only 16 per cent, of rattlesnake bites are fatal, If a vein has been penetrated by the fangs, death is certain within & few minutes, "The_modern, course is to place tight bandage between the wound and the heart, cut across the fang marks and suck out the blood and poison aS soon as possible, Serums are merely = an aid and not a substitute for ti treatment, The poison {is harmless even if swallowed, "Formerly, when & person was ov: come with carbon monoxoid, the pias was to walk him. This uses up four times as much oxygen as is consun when at rest. More oxygen, not leas is needed. This can be pumped inte the lungs by the prone-pressure tem of artificial breathing. The oxy. gen tank is also an ald, "A man who had been under halt an hour was once resuscitated this prone pressure, The victim latd face down, and the: operator.si on the body, alternately applying releasing pressure at the small of back, Thus artificial breathing is duced. § "Nothing is gained by rolling person on a barrel or shoving knees to the chest and back effort 'to get the water out lungs! All this would do to get the water out