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. Life begins éarly in the Hindu vil- lage. ~As soon as the morning star, appears-in the sky the village priest blows a blast on a holy shell to waken the village gods; the women rise, wor- ship the household gods on a shelf, draw water, and arouse the men. These, after washing their faces with water poured into their hands by the 4 EY \v 1 *$ women, and cleaning their teeth with the chewed end of a twig, are ready to begin the work of the day. The traveller makes ready to con- tinue his journey; the peasant, driving his lean kine before him, sets out for the fields, where he works from sun-~ rise to sunset for seven days in the week, with very few holidays to give any rest, . At one season of the i year "he will be ploughing 'with oxen or, buffaloes, or, in the drier parts of the country, possibly with camels. The commonest farm animal everywhere in India is, however, the ox; there is one ox to every two people in the land. The - number is so great because oxen do many things in India'that, in Europe or America, would be done by horses or machinery. - Oxen not only plough. but tread out the grain on the threshing floor, raise water from wells, work oil-mills and draw carts, These carts, with solid wooden wheels and axles, may be seen = stirring up the dust and almost hidden, in clouds of it along hundreds of miles of country roads and lanes, or hauling bales of cotton to and from the mills of , Bombay, or blocking: the streets * that lie near the river side in Calcutta. - The plough that is used is a kind of "bent 'wooden stick with an iron point to it, and looks something like a half- os, pen- "knife. Its shape has not {changed in a thousand years, It mere- }1y scratches the soil and does not dig *a deep furrow like a Canadian plough, it is not badly suited to the conditions, The other tools-are a rude spade, a heavy kind of pick-axe called a mat- tock, and a fork. - Sowing follows ploughing. The sower carries the seed in a basket made of palm leaves and scatters it by hand. In due time comes the harvest, when the grain is cut by hand with an old-fashioned sickle, and taken in big - heavy carts drawn by oxen to be trod- den on the threshing floor by the feet, of the same animals. The ryot or peasant may, if the field be far away, take food with him or have it taken to him about noon; hut if the field be near his home he will probably return for the midday meal. In any case he lies down:to-steep~dur- .ing the hottest part of the day. About three o'clock he begins to work again and goes on till nearly sunset. His wife may take part in the toil of the field but usually the women havé quite enough to do at home. In the courtyard they can be seen almost "always at work. They clean the harvested crops by tossing the grain into the air and by shaking it skilfully in baskets made of reeds, until all the dirt has been removed. They split the 'pulses (vegetables like peas and beans) in a special mill worked by hand. They dry the different grains in the sun and store them in tall jars. »y They remove seed:-from raw cotton-and spin the fibre into yarn. They churn milk and boil butter to make ghee, in which all frying is done. Here it may be added that Indian people do not drink much milk, and that the bullock is of more value than the cow. The cow is a sacred animal, and roams and eats where it pleases. In the towns it takes what it fancies from the stalls in the markets, lies across the road without fear that any- one will try to make it move, or may go up the steps of a temple and take a rest inside. The women also collect dung and make it into fuel, grind grain for the day's bread, prepare fresh, herbs, and spices for the day's curry, and, wash, scour and polish the brass vessels, They draw water from well or tank, and if the well be far away they must carry it home on their heads. = The well is, as a rule, the busiest place in "the village, for women are coming and going all day long. There they chat- ter and laugh behind their veils, which cover their faces, more or less, all the| time they are away from home. The girls help to grind apices with little round stones, and play with the 'spinning wheel as soon as ever they can use their fingers, The boys help with the animals $ # when they are hardly tall enough to reach the yoke, and begin. by taking them to the well or driving them round ~~ THE HINDU DAY « From Philips' ¥New-Prospect"' Readers Vol. LXX, Samuel Farmer, Publisher. Single Copy be. ~ RT PE * RY STAR ol rid tid ni 8 dss AAA ai a a Sars - STs avr gf a -- PORT PERRY, ONTARIO, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1933 » $1.60 per year in advance ---- and round over the threshing floor. The boys also attend the village school, a building of mud. and thatch in the shade of a great tree. There are no desks and seats, and writing is learned by tracing letters in the sand. As there is very little twilight in India, all work stops shortly before sunset. ~ About forty minutes before the sun goes down the boys and girls _begin to bring in the goats, and the smoke of the cooking fires is seen rising above the roof-tops while the women prepare the chief-meal of the day. Father gathers his tools 'to- gether and drives his tired oxen home- wards, So much dust do they make that sunset time is known as "dust time." The animals are watered at one of the ponds near the village; when they have .drunk their fill they may go to rest in little sheds on one side of the courtyard, be left in fallow fields, or even taken into the houses, where man 'and beast sleep together in the most friendly manner. In very hot weather they, like other animals in India, may sleep in the street, and then anyone walking through the village at night has to make is way through a crowd of buffaloes, oxen, cows, calves, dogs and carts, When the evening meal is over the men gather in some convenient place to smoke and gossip or to hear one: of their friends read, by the light of a flickering clay lamp, from some news- paper printed -in-their own language. At last comes silence; all the lights go out and everybody sleeps except the watchman. He is paid to keep awake, to guard against thieves; but alas! he too sometimes sleeps, and then, per- haps, thieves break 'in--not through the door but through the wall of mud --and steal.. : ------o eo ---- THE DEFINITE NATIONAL PURPOSE People who are interested in public affairs will 'be sure to read the new book by Mr, W. H. Moore, M.P. It is entitled "The Definite National Pur- pose." You may' not agree with the author; but at least he will stir your thought. You may 'even think that what he has to offer in the way of a "Definite National Purpose" will be difficult to put into operation. But the fact remains that things are in a bad shape, and something will have to be done about it. We cannot go on forever spending more than our in- come. This is true individually, and it is more true nationally. Mr. Moore's book will give you much | fo0d for thought along this line, and it will also show that some of the remedies proposed by others are fan- tastic to say the least of it. Indeed it becomes apparent that many of the proposals are worse than fantastic-- they are positively dangerous. The field for constructive proposals is a wide one. Anyone can enter it, and to the man or woman who can do anything to help us out of our fin- ancial mess, there will come the thanks of a grateful people. 'Mr. Moore has made some startling proposals. Every industrious citizen will be intensely interested in what he has to say about "Labor Divi- dends". You will want to know what he thinks about Government owner- ship and administration of business. You will study carefully what he has to say about the control of monopolies, and the qualifications of directors. You will ask yourself the question as to whether it is really possible to re- duce the cost of Government, and have five Provinces instead of nine. You will take sides as to. the elimina- tion of 'the County Council, and plac- ing much greater power in the handy of 'the Municipal Council. In short, Mr. Moore's book will cause you to think. The book will be on the market soon. I ' RE el. CHURCH OF THE ASCENSION Sunday, September 10th-- Harvest Festival Services. 8 a.m.--Holy Communion, 11 a.m, and 7 p.m.--Special services Preacher--Archdeacon Warren, D.D, ------ OP WE HAVE ALL FELT THIS WAY "I wish our bank could get on its feet enough to stop sending back my cheques marked 'Insufficient funds'," gaid the bride to her husband, "A bank that hasn't got enough money on hand to pay a $4.27 cheque ought to be la ain, Jus in paying interest and buying meat at the same time. merged and put on & sound bast." | » Ps HOW SHALL WE SPEND OUR MONEY ? Of course one must remamber fhe advice o the cook-- 'First catch your rabbit." Out in front of the Grand Stand at Toronto Exhibition every night when it doesn't rain there is a gorgeous display of fireworks. iIt is extremely wonderful and beautiful and, it must be added, very noisy. In half an heur the show is over, the money. is spent, a the people go home. Truth to tell, they are generally well satisfied with the way their money has been spent. They are like the boy who. has nibbled away the dry outside of the tart, and for a moment enjoy the one big mouthful of jam. - Just here another admission must be made. Fireworks have a real place in life. They relieve our minds from the drudgery of the commonplace, and for a brief time we enjoy a spectacle that Solomon could never have seen, It is a goo thing, to be a king even if only for a very short time. But the fact remains--that particular part of our money is spent. - We can't buy potatoes with it. From here to New York, and for that matter from here to almost anywhere else, one can travel on fine cement roads. To those who go about in autos they are a constant source of wonder. How in the world did we ever manage to get so many od roads? There are two answers--1. We spent our money, 2, We mort- gaged the future. There is no denying that fact that travel is a wonderful edu- cator--if we don't go so fast that we cannot see or learn anything. It is also true that good roads are a prime factor in cheap and elastic transportation. The roads-are fine, very useful--but they cost money. The fact is that we have spent this particular part. of our 'money for roads and we cannot buy bread with it. In this case, too, we-have promised to pay a lot more money in the future, and that amount of money will be withdrawn from the bread market. A while back we had a war. It seemed very necessary at the time. A dangerous enemy was trying to control the world markets, acts of cruelty and oppression were reported, and right or wrong, we thought we were in honour bound to go to the aid of the op- pressed, and live up to the letter of our treaties. In that war we spent a very great deal of money, and we have promised to spend a very great deal more--more than it is likely we shall ever be able to pay; but of that later. The fact is we spent this very great part of our money in war, and there is no doubt that if the occasion arose, we would do it ~ Human nature has not changed much, although the war did give it a rude jolt. Anyhow that money cannot be spent by One could go on in this manner for a very long time. Into every phase of life there has come this insistent question--How shall we spend our money ? Shall we spend it ourseleves, or shall we a nl the Governnient to spend it for us? Shall. we buy what we need, or shall we buy 'what we deyire? Shall we pay as we go, or shall we continue to buy on the instalment plan? What we, as a nation, have to decide is what is really good for us. It is not so much a form of government that shall make us do things that need to be done. What we really should have is the ability to know that we can't have our cake and eat it too. Law did not make us put a large proportion,of our money into automobiles. We did it because we wanted to go somewhere, and the auto provides a ready means to gratify our wish. But we are finding out that money in the automobile industry does not help the clothing industry much. Automobile manufacturers are too busy getting out new models to tickle our fancy to spend any in helping the clothi industry, and many a man has gone without 2 new suit of clothes in order that he might make a payment on is car. One might pause here to remark that if the car makes a bet- ter, more wide awake citizen, who may be relied-upon to do his share of- private and public duty, the expenditure of that man in an auto is justified, providing he is not at the same time rob- bing another person of decent opportunities in life. There were no statutes passed compelling us to buy radios, electric refrigerators, etc. We bought them because they appealed to us, and because we thought they would increase our happiness, save our food, and give us a wider outlook on life. Every man must answer that question for himself, and to the extent that he can do so he must decide how in the future he will spend his money. Some Special Expenditures-- FOR EDUCATION When we discuss Government expenditures we seldom deal in' anything more accurate than round figures, which means that, there are plenty of ciphers in the sums, where they count for some-| thing. Like Andy, we count one million, two million, eight million, ten million, ete. | A few of these round figures might be worth considering. Are we spending this money wisely? Could we reduce our spend- ing along certain lines, and turn the money saved into other chan- nels with advantages? Take the Canadian expenditures for education. of $166,000,000. | Of this amount $135,668,883 is spent in elementary, secondary, technical, and special schools for ha and deaf. The universities spent $20, 841,616 in 1929. Has this expendtiure justified itself ? Did we get value for our money? Should we continue to spend money for education at this rate? These are hard-questions to answer. In the main the illiter- acy has been greatly reduced in spite of large importations of uneducated foreigners. The standard of living and thinking has been raised. Poor and rich alike enjoy the advantages of elementary education. The professional standard of the teacher has been raised. - Technical and practical education has been greatly increased, Research work is taking an important place in our educational system, and the public libraries of various kinds have brought culture and entertainment to many people whose out- look would otherwise have been greatly limited. The preventative value of education must not bé overlooked. Idleness in the forma- tive period of life would be particularly dangerous, and the educa- tional system has done much to lessen that evil, while at the same time teaching constructively. (Continued on Back Page) SEAGRAVE Hold Wednesday, September 13th, open for a gala day at Seagrave Athletic grounds. The Committee -in charge are sparing no time to make the best day held here for years, four hard ball teams will compete for gen- erous prizes, Little Britain, Valentia, Manilla and Scagrave will provide real excitment, also a girls' softball game between Zion and Seagrave. A lucky draw for four valuable prizes will be held during the afternon. We would like to see a record crowd in attendance, you won't be disap- pointed. Once again your old corre is on the job, and wishes all who are interested in this column to help out, by-sending to her , any items worth while. Your far away friends who take the Port Perry Star appreciates it. Be a booster for your own home town, says the correspondent. Mrs. Charles Wilson and little] daughter of Prospect, visiting her 'parents, Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Clements, over the week-end. 'Mr, nad Mrs. Montley and son, Mrs. Gray and Mrs, Talmadge of Pontiac, Mich., visiting Mrs. Alice Tanner on Sunday. Mr. and Mrs. Orval Boe and family of Bowmanville, home of Mr, and Mrs. A. Martin. Mr. and Mrs. John Short, Mr. and| Mrs. Albert Short have returned home from a very enjoyable motor trip, spent at Montreal, and other points of interest, Sunday School on Sunny A. M. had an attendance of 95, and was pre- sided over by the asistant Supt. Mr. A. Bruce, in a very capable manner. The birthday box being remembered by one. The service in the evening was also fairly well attended. The pastor, Rev. B. F. Green preaching a good sermon and the choir rendered nice music. Come to church and bring your visitors along, they will be made welcome. Mr. S. McCoy, Ruby and Bruce were] Sunday visitors to Toronto. They 'were accompanied home by Mrs. 'McCoy and Marjorie, who had spent the past week with relatives .in the city. , Mr. Elgin Frise of Toronto was a week end visitor of his parents, Mr. and Mrs. W. Frise. Miss Una Sleep has returned to her school duties at Washago, Miss Alma Frise to Gamebridge, Mr. Mitchell to Pleasant Point, after an enjoyable eight weeks holiday. Miss E. Graham of Fenelon Falls, resumes her duties here as usual. Quite" a number are taking in the Toronto Exhibition. It looks as if the depression is nearly over Mrs. I. Neibel has returned to bor home at Thessalon, having spent a very pleasant holiday with her niece Mrs. C. W. Clarke and other relatives, here. . Mrs. L. Scott, who has spent the past six weeks with relatives and friends at Ivanhoe and other points returned home on Thursday last, ac- companied by Mr. and Mrs. A. Duggan and family of Ivanhoe, Mr, nad Mrs, S. Rolins of Madoc, and Mr. W. F. Duggan of Windsor, who remained| for a short visit. On Tuesday afternoon, September|' 12th, the Women's Association will meet at the home of Mrs. Wm. Moase for their regular monthly meeting, a "| good attendance is expected. Please keep the date in mind. , Miss Iva Reynolds is entertaining the Quadrata Girls' Club on Wednes- day evening of this week. Mrs. S J. Wooldridge has returned home from an enjoyable holiday spent, with relatives in Indiana and Illinois, U.S.A. Mr. John Mark addressed the United Church Sunday School at Greenbank, on Sunday. Mr. Alvin Bruce taking his work here. Miss Marion Eagleson acted as pianiste. Mr. and Mrs. Bert Dowson were visiting relatives at Pleasant Point on Sunday. Mr. and Mrs. H. Wannamaker were at the Toronto Exhibition one day last ! week. ---------- > SP ey \ spent Sunday at the |. Edwin| HO! HO!" COME TO THE FAIR!! We need a fine day for the Port Perry Fair, so if you have any influence with the weatherman, be sure to put in a good word for Saturday, September 16th. So far as it is possible for the Secretary and B a d of Directors to' do go, the best arrangenients have " been made for a good Fair : In one important respect Port Perry Fair excels many other--in fine exhibits, People go to fairs in much larger places, and almost invariably they come home and tell us that we have better exhibits at the Port Perry Fair. After all that is the great purpose of any Fair. Speaking of exhibits, note should be taken of the new ruling regarding exhibits in the main building. Tee Prize List says: "All exhibits must be delivered ~ at the rear door, placed on the counter without wrap- pings, and properly tagged. Those in charge of the building will place the exhibits and save confusion." Guessing Contest Open to Exhibitors and Members. Elsewhere in the Prize List is found this notice-- "Of special interest to the 1933 Exhibitors and the 1932 Retained Members, will be the contest to guess the number of Exhibitors' entries in the Main Build- ing, including Vegetables, Seeds, Fruits, Domestic Science (including Ladies' Work), Flowers and Art-- every exhibit in the Main Building. Each member will receive a Contest Ticket with their entry number upon which you will write your guess, then place the ticket in the box to be provided for the purpuse. The ~ person guessing nearest to the correct number of en- tries will receive a handsome Silver Tea Service do- nated by.the Robert Simpson Company, Toronto." If you are an exhibitor or member, don't forg«t to secure your Guessing Contest Ticket and make your guess, The attractions include a 2.28 trot; a hardball' game; girls' softball tournament; horseshoe pitching contest; and a pony race. Remember the date of the Fair--September 16th-- and invite your friends to come and enjoy the day with us. SUFFERS PAINFUL BURNS Mr. Howard, one of the men working on the new roof at the school, had the misfortune to be badly burned with hot pitch. The boiling liquid had to be lifted over the high fire wall. For this purpose Mr: Howard was standing on a step ladder to hand the bucket of pitch down to the man on the roof. * Some loose gravel caused the ladder to slip, and Mr. How- ard fell, spilling the hot pitch on his arms and one ankle. The burns were all quite serious, and the in- jury to the right arm is very bad. ~~ Fortunately pro- vision was made for such contingencies, and Mr Howard will receive assistance from the Workme..'s Compensation Board. Local Bowlers Win Gold Medals at Ottawa. On Saturday, Sept. 3rd, and Monday, Sept. 6th, a rink of Port Perry Bowlers, competed in the Provincial play-off at Ottawa. The rinks had all won first place in their respective districts, and when the final test came at Ottawa there were just four teams in the play--Windsor, Brantford, Wingham and Port Perry. In the final outcome, Windsor came first and Port. Perry captured second place. This was a triumph for our local bowlers. The rink consisted of Messrs. William Graham, lead; Armstrong McFarlane, second; John Murray, third; and Dave Carnegie, skip, i Sach of these winners will receive a gold medal Saitahly engraved. 'ongratulations. Bob--Will you love me if I give up all my bad habits? Marcia--Oh, no; you couldn't expect me to love a perfect Sirangsty you 'know. | He--Didn't you say there was some- . thing you liked about me? | She--Yes. But you spent it all. SOME DAY YOULL VOTE When you do, what will you vote for? Now is the time to read and study about matters that have to do with Canadian welfare. Now is the time to think as. to whether we are willing to travel the road that leads to socialism. TR ~ i La DATE a NS VT NG LLY, @' Wie va EAC -