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\ « Was only'one hand -- the hour hand, The division of time a minutes and i dials is such a common sight that we ~ finitely known when . presiion generally "ever, there was little need of a minute hand for the clocks of that period did _ mot keep time much nearer than two hours a day. regular course fn the sky, ~~ wayward clocks could be brought to an Fo 2 TE "ylides evenly by thirty, fifteen and five time! Watches and time every varlety are 50 common that we are apt to take no thought of the way they have come to us or how standard time originated. It was not the pro. - duct of one inventive genius, Every ~¥ace of humanity in past ages had a hand in providing an jdea that helped «along in the final production of the modern time.keeper, _ From the earliest days the wun _ has been the master of time. With primitive man noticed that as the sun moved, the shadows of the trees or similar objects also moved. As the habits of regularity were formed, a dally action was likely to be done when the shadow of a certain tree touched upon a certain stone. Per. haps one day some more observant cave dweller set up a pole because he 'noticed that by' this means a thin- ner and sharper shadow could be 'produced, Perchance he set a stone] to mark the spot when the sun was "highest in the heavens. Thi: would] mark only one point of time each day. The thought came to him: Why not place two stones or even more and get more markings? 'He found at the end of the day, from sunrise to sun- down, that the stones he place lay in a circle. This first artificial sundial . of primitive man, with jts circle' of stones, originated the idea of having the circular form of the face of the|- modern time-plece. Still Use Sun : In the matter of ascertaining the noon hour of the day, humanity is no further ahead than the day in which cavage man set up a pole to note where its shadow would fall. We still depend upon the great time-pieces of the 'sky, the sun and stars, for our master clocks must be] set by the motion of the heavenly bodies. Up to a hundred years ago and even more recently, many famil. fes had a noon mark on the south| window: sill, or on the kitchen floor for teiling time and for correcting thelr clocks." I have seen several of theso markings in the older dwelling places in Scotland, g It is" not: known when nor where "the sundial had its origin, but it was without doubt the first time indicator. - In. European countries many old sundials are preserved as relics of bygone days. In Scotland T have seen old sundials that have been renovated and replaced, and are venerated on 'account of thelr historic asgoclations. There is one that hangs like a high clock on the granite front of the City Hall in Aberdeen. It was made by one David Anderson in 1697. Underneath is the mo:to, cut in stone, "Ut umbra sic fugit vita", "Ag the shadow so flies life." Most of the old dials preserved in parks and publie places have appropriate mottoes: "Time is but a shadow", "The day flies," "I count the: bright hours only," "Thou growest old in behold. ing," "The hour I tell not, when the sun will not," "The light guides me, the shadow you." The Sand Glass : To indicate the passing of tim when sunlight was absent, the sand gla:s wag introduced. It is not de- it came first into use. : Early in the sixteenth century, hour glasses" were introduced into churches. That was the period in which preachers were famous for thelr wearisome sermons. I hava geen .gome of the ornamental stands in which church hour glasses were kept. "It is quite likely that the running sand in the hour glass held the close atiention of hearers when a wearisome hour-long sermon was being "offered them. There were some sympathetic preachers, how- ever, who introduced the half-hour sand glass bringing ealier relief to their congregations. , ~The 'going,' "goipg," "gone," ex- ade by auction. qers when an article is about to be sold, is a relic of the time when pub- lic salesmen announced to the buy- ing audience that the sald was about run out, and the time for bidding at an end. While the sand was running any one had the privilege of bidding. The last biddar before all the sand had run out was the successful pur- chaser, | arabe p Only One Hand One had to lis- ten to know the time. = When dials made their first appearance there Along about the year 1360 the mir- 'ute hand made Tts appearance, How- of| the sunshine there is the shadow, and | and bowels needed gave them. 1 On sale at your drugglsts--enough for 10 weeks' treatment--€9¢c a bottle, ge SASKASAL LIMITED, The first mechanical clock struck Sales Offices "the hour on bells, 102 Atlantic Ave: Toronto; - 1 would: like to try SASKASAL, Please|. Name tv vufseivvinins Address Town ..... From Your Dottor if the "Pain" Remedy You Take Is Safe. Don't Entrust Your Own or Your Family's - Preparations EFORE you take any prepard- . B tion VoL dois Know ah Shout. -» ~ for the relief of headaches; or the pains of shéumatisn, neuritis x neuralgia, ask your docfor what he thinks about it-- in comparison with "Aspirin." We say this because, before the , discovery of "Aspirin," most so- called "pain" remedies were ad- vised against by physicians as being bad for the stomach; or, often, for the heart. And the discovery of "Aspirin" largely changed medical practice. ; . Countless thousands of people wha have taken "Aspirin" year in and out without effect, have proved that the medical findings about its safety were correct. Remember this: "Aspirin" is : rated among the fastest methods yet discovered for the relief of headaches: aud al common pains, , . and safe or the average person to e ' regularly. Ch "Aspirin" Tablets are Canada. "Aspirin" is the trade-mark of the Bayer Company, Limited. Look for the name Bayer in the form of a cross on every tablet. Demand an® Get made in i Clothes Of Destiny Calgary--Good clothes make a 'man, but poor clothes provide food easier, Bill Haraland, graduate of the University of Toronto, found. Unemployed since "his 'firm in To- "hit the road" in his good _clothes, but after his money ran 'out he found difficulty in making "touches." : He said he found more sympathy when dressed in overall' pants and an old shirt, but admitted he found is easiersto keep: out of jail if dressed in his best. "Real popularity is something not caught with a lariat nor fished for, not even consciously tried for." -- Emily Post. : NOW TAKE HEALTH x? from LITTLE MANITOU SPA FAMOUS MINERAL SALTS BROUGHT TO YOU Carlsbad, Vichy and other resorts Europe are famous fof their springs. Canada, too, has {tg Carlsbad, for Lit- tle Manitou Lake In Saskatchewan is an amazing lake--a lake of wondrous virtues--yielding © medicinal salts of potent curative properties. " These powerful health-giving salts are extracted from the waters of the lake. cleaned and prepared, with the addition of Iodides, by expert chemists, They are then available to you as "Saskasal" --a very fitting name for these medl- cinal Spa Salts .of Saskatchewan. Saskasal 1s a non-effervescent salt highly recommended in all ailments arising from over-acldity of the blood. If you suffer from Rheumatism, Neuri: tis, Mild Stomach Disorders, Kidney and Liver troubles, Impure Blood, Skin Eruptions and Constipation, a short course of Saskasal will soon put you in the chorus singing Its praises, If yeu aré--drifting along in indifferent health, one bottle of Saskasal will fve you a new experience of what it eels like to be ip real good health. If you think you already enjoy good health, take a sample of Saskasal and then judge If your stomach, 'kldneys the flushing Saskasal in mineral MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY end me a FREE Sample as offéred in his advertisement. . - CR ER LE EE ER EERE NN. vediuas POV. vir caner M2B But the sun kept hig Well «Being to' Unknown . | were forNally handed over ta the "NSPIRIN" ronto shut down a year ago, Bill. A parade of 500 Cubs, Scouts and Rovers of Galt, Preston, Kitchener, Waterloo and Guelph joined those of the 1st Hespeler Group of St. James' Anglican church, for an unusually impressive ceremony of dedication of the colours of the Hespeler Scouts at Queen's Theatre. In the evening at St. James' church the colours church wardens and placed in the chancel. Both services were attend- ed by capacity congregations. 3 $$ * = 3 'First and second prizes in the airplane model contest at the Hali- fax Fall Exhibition were- won by Scouts Gordon Waugh and Kenneth Smith, * 5 i Lone Scout Ken. Farrell of Finch, Ont., proved that the tests for the Scout Entertainer's Badge were of practical value. By giving entertain. ment stunts ht concerts in his dis- trict, he earned sufficient money to buy a new Scout uniform and cover his expenses to the Baden-Powell rally at Ottawa. RE 2s» At Calgary Seout® will erect an arch- way entrance to the new Little Red Dees, bird 'and game: sanctuary re- cently opened near Innisfail, It- is expected that the sanctuary will be- come one of the popular camping grounds of the province. "Here * There Everywhere + A brother to every other Scoyt, without regard to race or creed captured the Silver White Shield for high points at the annual district Scout Field Day, nine troops com- peting. The contest included: Neatest uniform," knotting, troop relay, fire- lighting, 76-yard dash, equipment race, 440-yard cycle race, quarter- mile run. Firsts taken by the Sea Scouts - included neatest uniform, knotting. fire-lighting and equipment race. ! A ; . \ * % =» Eleven Halifax = district Scout Groups now own cabins on the Mil- ler's Lake reforestation and wild life conservation area, . 5 *.% A farewell party for seventeen members of the 1st Bowmanville Wolf Cub Pack about to graduate in- to the Scout troop was made a re- memberable event. After the usual pack meeting opening exercises, the entire pack was taken to a movie show, then to: the Cubmaster's home for a feast of weiners, rolls, cookies, cocoa and candy. There wasn't any difficulty in filling the places of the graduates with new' boys, LJ] Ll LJ A "Boy Scout Week," to advance Scouting in New South Wales, was officially opened at Sydney by His Excellency the: Governory Sir Alex- ander Hore-Ruthven. : HAVE | you --~ "ueARD A millionaire, 77, has taken a bride, 37, but the chances are he will not take her very far. Can you drive with one hand?" asked the girl in a gentle voice. "You bet I can," replied the young man, eagerly "Then have an apple,' answered the sophisticated young creature. Even the perfectly good lies are so slow on their feet they're easily overtaken. Customer '-- I want to buy some rouge and face powder. Clerk--For your wife, sir, or match your coat lapel? ~ Business Magnate--I am a manu- done more than the law-makers to combat the unrest, Politician--How s0? - Business Hagnate--I am a manu- facturer of mattresses and beds. "I've never had the pleasure meeting your wife!" "What makes you imagine it would of be a pleasure?" Actor--Hurrah! At last 1 have a leading part! PAIN TORTURES Don't dope yourself inter- nally to stop pain. Authori- ties say, "Use Omega Oil to break up the congestion that causes it." Omega Oil works quickly and safely to i bring real relief. At all drug stores, 35¢c., 2 Ee go 'that - to |. '| stood up in the middle 6f the cere- woman was er, / last place, my man?" she inquired. "They /wouldn't give me one." ly/"1 'hit one of the warders!" Friend--Are you to play the hero? Actor--Not exactly -- I lead a camel on the stage. 1 The minister persists in asking the bridegroom: "Do you take this woman to be your lawfully wedded wife?" just as though he didn't know they sent for him. Woman--A letter from your hus- band, I see. Friend--Yes, it's chiefly to send these two needles for nie to thread. He's camping, you know, and has to do his own sewing, you know. Maybe somebody will invent some- thing sometime that will never need any spare parts, . Great Explorer--We were slowly starving to death, but we cut up our boots and made soup of them, Fellow Boarder (at boarding house) --S-sh-sh-sh Not. so loud. The landlady. might hear you. Wife--How do- you like the potato salad, dear? Hubby--Delicious! Did you buy it yourself ? !. - Learn to. take the low Hurdles so that when opportunity comes you can make the high ones. Bill--Why do the leaves turn red in the autumn? John--I suppose they are blushing to think how green they've been all the summer. id In a country newspaper appeared the following advertisement: "The man who picked up my wallet in the High Street was recognized. He is requested to return it." The next day this reply was pub- lished: "The recognized man who picked up the wallet requests the loser to call at any time and' collect it." Don't you just love the good fel- lows that telephone you at two o'clock in the morning and say: "I haope I didn't waken you!" ' Warden -- Who gave the bride away? os Connolly--Her littlé brother, He mony and yelled: 'Hurrah, Annie you've got him at last!" g "So live that folks in your com- munity would rather take a bust of you than at you. | A very proper and careful old engaging a new garden- ,"Have you a reference from your "No, mum," "replied the applicant. S "w y 7" ' "Oh," answered the man, absent- into hours as shown on, seconds seldom stop to inquire into the origin, of this arrangement. Dividing the! ur into sixty minutes and into sixty conds did not happen by chance. | The "sixty" was carefully chosen by ancient astronomers. No lower num-, ber can be divided by so many other numbers as sixty, Because sixty di. Wwe have halt hours, quarters and SHORT-STORY WRITING CONTEST BS given for Original, or True under. nd in with your It {s either original, or a address, and ntinber of w postage for its return. Entry p HERE 'is at least one good story in everyone's life. For the best 3 Stories received on or before CASH PRIZE, and Two Othe ory ; . ifs story, your name and n ovember 10th, 1935, A Valuable Prizes, will be e Stories of, 1,000 words or a signed statement that story, entlose return ee Twenty-Five Cents. The Longer Evenings of Fall and Winter afford op- portunity for mental fmprove- ment, You can overcome Inferi- ority Complex, develop a power- ful memory, learn the secret of success, and Improve your mental callbre by fascinating correspondence courses hich ha) can study In yqur Ime and In the quiet of your .. own home, For full particulars, write to The 12th St. Catharines Sea Scouts | costs of printing and shipping the pare Jf (Experimental Farm Note) The honey.gathering season has now ended and the bees are now pre. paring, in so far as they possibly can, for the coming winter They will, however, need some assistance in or. der to survive the long cold. months that are d. During the summer months the bees worked feverishly them through the following autumn, winter and spring. In most cages the amount stored far exceeded thelr re- is a tendency on the part of many beekeepers to take from. the bees an unfair proportion of thelr stores, thus placing them in danger of star. vation before new supplies 'can be oblained the following year. To pack bees away for winter without an ade. quate food supply {8 to court disaster. It is far better to find living colonies with a surplus of food in the spring than it is to find colonies dead or de- pleted through starvation, During the autumn months, the colonies are pro- ducing a large force of young bees rthat must survive the winter and con. tinue the activity of the colony next spring. For this purpose a large food supply is needed. Should the supply curtailed or stopped entirely, thus weakening the colony when strength is of extreme importance. Afier brood rearing normally ceases the ¢onsump- tion of food is greatly reduced but does not cease entirely. At the end of September, or early October, every colony. should have at least forty pounds of well capped honey or sug- ar syrup for winter use Any deficien. cy in this amount must be made up by giving combs of sealed honey or an equal amount of refined sugar made info syrup.- Bees also régnire protection during the winter months and' as they are unable to provide this for themselves it must be sup- 'plied By the beekeeper. ' Proiection can be given by elther packing the bees in well insulated packing cases or moving the aplary into a well con- structed cellar or dugout, For de- tailed information on preparing bees for winter write to the Bee Division, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, for Bulletin No. 74 entitled "Winter- Bees in -Canada", | Creamery Butter Cost of Manufacturing Butter In The Prairie Provinces Economy in the production of a commodity is always important and it is much more so when, as 'in the case of butter in the Prairle Prov- inces, a large proportion is shipped to distant markets, states a recent issue of the Economic Annalist. A knowledge of the factors affecting cost is therefore necessary in order that the most economical practices may be adopted. It was for this rea. son that study of creamery manage- ment and the cost of manufacturing butter in the Prairie "Provinces was conducted jointly by the Departments of Agriculture in the three Prairie Provinces, the Rural Economics Di. visions of the Universities in these provinces and the Dairy and Econo- mie Branches of the Dominion De! partment of Agriculture. Records from 91 of the 210 creamerles oper. ating in 1933 were obtained by per- sonal "visits to the creameries. Only 78 of the records were used for tab-| ulation purposes and cover the fig-! cal year of 1933. In this study, the cos: of manufact- uring a pound of butter includes all itams of cost from the time the cream is received at the creamery until the butter is packed Into 66-pound boxes. Charges for ga.hering the cream, butter are, therefore, excluded. Com- missions on cream cheques have also been omitted. The average cost of = All the Vitamins of 'COD LIVER OIL - PLUS Bone Building MINERALS Cod Liver Oil when digested sup- plies many necessary ements for groper growth of body and bones, t's Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil and the Hypophosphites of Lime and Soda, prepared for easy diges- tion helps insute proper body and bone development, without the unpleasant taste of Cod Liver Oil, SCOTT'S EMULSION THE DIGESTIBLE ¢ [ WITH THE PLUS AVAL UES. i For Sale by YOUR DRUGGIST : Institute of Practical and |! to gather enough honey to sustain| quirements and the surplus has been | taken from them. Unfortunately, there|: be insufficient brood production isf | REAL | ECONOMY . In Dixie Plug +, There is no waste | ~I's fragrant and Has better taste. The smoke for you, The smoke for me, In a plug that's Real economy | DIXIE PLUG SMOKING TOBACCO manufacture in plants in which the production was under, 100,000 pounds of butter for the year was 4.82 cents per pound, while in faciorles having an output of over 600,000 pounds, the. figure was 3.18, a range of 1.64 cents per pound. The range in cost from the loweat to the highest cost factory was from 2.62 to 6.56 cents a difference of 3.94 cents per pound. The cost of manufacturing in .he 78 plants averaged 3.45 cents, the av- erage production being 350,500 pounds. Thirty plants in Alberta with an average production of 316,303 pounds had a cost of- 3.56 cents per pound butter. The average production in twen.y-five Saskatchewan plants was 404,178 pounds and the cost 3.47 cents. The cost in Manitoba was 3.28 cents fn 22 plants producing an av- erage of' 336,757 pounds of butter. Overhead and administrative costs were much lower in Manitoba than in dhe other two provinces. The greater volume of production in Saskatche.- wan brought costs per unit in this province lower than those in Alberta. About one.third of the cream go- motor trucks, one-third by railway ex- the producers. In very small factor- ies producers delivered about 60 per cent' of the total cream received by the factories, while in larger factor- fes only 26 per cent was delivered and 75 per cent. was either trucked or expressed to the creamery The cost of trucking in most cases was over two cents per pound butter fat and averaged 2.25 for all cream trucked. The cost of expressing cream averaged 1.74 cents per pound butter- fat. Cartage charges on cream de. DOCTORING YOUR DAIRY HERD Cows aren't machines. They can get sick or hurt. But Minard's Liniment makes it easy to care for their ills. Mrs, Thos. Bulmer of Lardo, B.C., found one of her herd with a lump in her udder. "I rubbed it with Minard's Liniment", she says, "and it soon got better." Minard's is best for Cuts, Bruises, Colic, Distemper, etc., and equally good in stable or in house. Weil ing to creameries was transported by | press and the remainder delivered by |. livered by express averaged ,06 cents per pound butter-fat. The cost of trucking, railway express and car.. age amountadl to 2.08 cents per pound butter.fat on all cream so handled. The total charge divided by all cream used in the manyfaefure of butter amounted to 1.37 cents per pound but. er-fat, Classified Advertising INVENTORS | AN OFFER TO EVERY INVENTOR List of wanted inventions and tull information sent free. 'Che \ Ramsay Company, World Patent Attorneys, 273 Bank Street; Ottawa, Canada. BALRSMEN WANTED OR A CLIENT. CITY, TOWN AND county salesmen. Write to Advertis- ing Counsel, Might Directories Limited, 74-76 Church St., Toronto. BANISH RHEUN Hm ISM WE oa Take PHOSFERINE. Thou- sands endorse this great British tonic for the quick, sure way it ends rheumatic aches and stiff- ness, and soothes the nerves. PHOSFERINE builds you up. Gives you new energy. Helps you to sleep like a log. Start with PHOSFERINE now--just a few tiny, economical drops each day. FOR i Fatigue --Sleeplessness -- General Debility --Re®arded Convalescence --Nerves-- Anaemic Condition--Indigestion--Rheu- matism -- Grippe -- Neuralgia -- Neuritis --Loss of Appetite TAKE 46 PHOSFERINE THE' GREAT BRITISH TONIC At Your Drug Store--In Liquid or Tablet Form at the following reduced prices 3 Sizes = 50c - $1.00 - $1.50 The $1.00 size is nearly four times the 50¢ size and the $1.50 size Is twice the $1.00 size. named "King of Pain", 1] for BURNS ¢ SCALDS old by all Druggists--235¢, 35¢ (tubs), 30¢ and $1.00 =E) MECCA LIVE STOCK MARKETING Shipping on the co-operative plan haa been productive splendid result Selling on the open market means real value for the owners. In touc with us. of Uvet Write--Wire--or Telephone LY¥ndhurst 1143 THE UNITED FARMERS CO-OPERATIVE COMPANY, LIMITED LIVE STOCK COMMISSION DEPT, - Union Stock Yards, West Toronto N= OINTMENT al LAY ws 2 minutes, < Typewrite if possible or even legible handwriting accepted, Applied Psychology GIFF BAKER, 39 LEE AVE., TORONTO || "assim || 'blue That's why millions have confidence in the blue colour that guarantees the quality of this fam- ous Scranton Anthracite. Bi D.L & W. coal' ® THE FINEST QUALITY COAL MONEY CAN BUY ¥ my