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VOICE - of the s:==------ THE WORLD + AT LARGE 'CANADA! THE EMPIRB PRESS CANADA Should Do Slow Time The next who wants to make ex- cessively fast time in his auto should be made to do slow time be- hind the walls of the county jail.-- Guelph Mercury. Vacation Worries Business men everywhere will goon be looking forward to getting away from the hot, crowded bath- ing beaches for a long rest in a . nice, quiet office.--Hamilton Specta- tor. They Were'nt Sissies Modern Yitchonikers will surely blush like sissies if they read the "Looking Backward" column on thig page recently. Fifty years ago it was seemingly the custom for Stratford ladies to walk to Mit- chell (thirteen miles), visit friends, go to church and walk back to the city. And not a thumb was raised or a "glad eye" lifted! --Stratford Beacon-Herald. Not For Private Gain Surely, after the experience of the last war, the manufacture of munitions in Canada, ificluding air- craft, gun mountings, tanks, what- ever may be needed, should be brought under the administration of one national co-ordinating author- ity. It could be patterned after the Imperial ministry of munitions; but it should be sufficiently strong to resist interference either by subver- sive political or profiteering inter- ests.--Ottawa Citizen. Pasteurization Law Pasteucized milk is to be the only milk sold in cities and towns of Ontario on and after October 1st next while at the end of the present year raw milk will disappear as an article on sale in the whole pro- vince. The provincial Department of Health has taken the matter in hand, with the result that an order- in-council has been issued by the Hepburn government. The only thing wrong about the affair is that this step was not taken years ago. A huge amount of sickness could have been avoided. Milk carries disease germs very easily. Bacte- ria get into it readily. And many a cow is tubercular. Through boil- Ing of milk harmful contents are sterilized.--Renfrew Mercury, Air Route To Asin The outstanding deduction prob- ably to be drawn from Mr. Hughes' performance can only be realized by viewing his route in the reverse order he flew it. Consider him beginning instead of ending by flying across Western Canada to Siberia. He would have been in Asia for two days. This overland air route to Eastern Eu- rope and Asia has long been advo- cated in some quarters, but it has been opposed by established routes across the width of the Pacific and the neglect of the British to help develop the Canadian route to Asia while they pushed untenable Medi- terranean routes to the Far East. Mr. Hughes has profoundly added to the significance of the overland air route to Asia. He has now only eclipsed the evidences given by the Russian fliers themselves and, inci- dentally, by the Canadians flying in and around the Arctic, or Northern, route, and he has done so because of advancement in aeronautical scl- ence and superb achievemert in ma- chine production. His performance is most remarkable because It is so ordinarily possible.--Winnipeg Free Press. One Egg Did It A West Indian woman named Missie lives in comfort on the is- land of Dominica entirely on the proceeds which acerued from a single egg. This was given her seven years ago, when she slipped it beneath a neighbour's hen and in three weeks was the proud own- er of a chicken. The chick grew into a hen, laid eggs, and soon Missie had a number of chickens. They in turn laid eggs which she old, and bought a pig. The pig n due course had six porkers, five of which were sold, and with the money she bought a goat. The goat had kids, and with the price they fetched a donkey was added ¥ the collection, Missie soon had cow! .Now she deals in eggs, milk, and pork, and has managed to pur- chase a one-room house, Her farm is self-supporting and is the out- come entirely of a single egg! Making matches brought $8,- 811,000 profit to Sweden's leading match company last year, The EMPIRE Canada and Defence Canada as a whole is not {sola- tionist, altough isolationism is ex- tremely strong. She is not ready to adopt a 'British Front Policy" and is receding from it. The recent ac- tigns of the Chamberlain Govern- ment have weakened faith in Brit- ain, The ardour of Canadian sup- porters of the co-operation of their country with the Commonwealth and the League has been sadly damped. British actions in Spain have brought dismay to Liberals and, although welcomed by the Ro- man Catholic French-Canadians of Quebec, have not affected their iso- lationist sentiment -- one of the most important influences on Cana- dian foreign policy. So Canada will go her way, determined to do no- thing to disturb her close friendship with the United States, determined to maintain her connection with the Commonwealth, but steadily inde- pendent in the matter of any risks of becoming embroiled in war ov- erseas. This does not mean that co- operation (as in the armament or- ders announced recently) will not be forthcoming, but it means that it may have severe limits and that the British Government cannot take anything for granted.--Manchester Guardian. World Flights Menace Health Ex-U.S. Surgeon General, Is Alarmed Lest Air Lines Spread Disease Dr. Hugh S. Cumming, former Surgeon General of the United States, returned from Europe last week, after attending meetings of the committee of the Internatiopal Health Office in Paris and the Lea- gue of Nations Health Committee in Geneva. No Way of Quarantining The main discussions, he said, concerned the problem of yellow fever, still pravalent in the jungles of South America and the equator- ial regions of Africa. Airplane tra- vel, especially a world flight with its great speed, has created new kealth dangers, Dr. Cumming said, since a plane may transport fever- carrying mosquitoes to new arcas. It is possible for a passenger to travel from a disease-ridden sec- tion into a healthy one in less time than the incubation period of the disease. -- . This makes normal quarantine protections ineffective, Dr. Cum- ming explained, and at some point in Africa a rule has been made that air line patrons must be out of the fever districts for a full six days before they arz pernit- ted to tak: passage in the planes. Pan-Americans Airways has taken the lead along another line, Dr. Cumming said, by fumigating its airplanes regularly and requiring the crew members to be vaccinat- ed. Canadians Need Self-Knowledge We Don't Understand Our Fel- low-Countrymen, Says Brit- ish Film Expert. One of the most noticeable and common things that Canadians do lack is knowledge of their fellow- Canadians in other than adjacent regions and one of the best med- iums for overcoming this, is not being put into use. This was the statement made by John Grierson, producer member of the British Government Advisory Film Coun- cil, as he sailed from Montreal last week for his home. Mr. Grierson has spent two months here on the invitation of the Canadian Gov- ernment and - has covered over 5,000 miles, mostly by plane. Radio Will Help "lI was struck by the lack of knowledge that Canadians in one part of the country have of Can- adians in other parts," he remark- ed. "Naturally it is because your distances are so extraordinary. The increased use of airplanes will undoubtedly integrate Canada a great deal -- but only physically. You require a creative machinery which will integrate the country mentally too." The Dominion, he believed, had two institutions at its disposal for this work. One, radio was already put to work through the means of the Canadian Broadcasting Cor- poration; the other, motion piec- tures, needed much development. Around The World In Three Years That's How Long It Took To Circle the Globe In The Sixteenth Century Eclipsing every around-the-world venture since the intrepid Portu- gese explorer, Ferdinand Magellan, first circumnavigated the globe in 1,083 days in 1519-15622, Howard Hughes dipped his silver monoplane out of the skies at Floyd Bennett Field after flying around the "great circle" in four space-devouring days. The sportsman-millionaires' feat, almost cutting in half the previous record time of 7 days, 1 hour, 49 minutes, established by the late Wiley Post in July, 1933, marked the fourth complete world-circling flight in a heavier-than-air machine, Inspired by Trade Earlier voyages around the world, including those of Magellan, Sir Francis Drake and Thomas Caven- dish, were inspired more by a lust Harve ToBe Bigger for rich cargoes than by a zest for competitive adventure, 4 Magellan was seeking & west ward passage to the Spice Island of the East Indies when he set out from Seville, Spain, with five tiny vessels headed by the flagship, the Trinidad, He met his death at the hands of treacherous natives in the Philippine Islands after rounding Cape Horn and discovering the "great south sea" which he named the Pacific. Only one of Magellan's ships, the Vittoria, completed the Voyage back to Spain. Nellie Bly's Feet Sir Francis Drake was likewise seeking booty in the South Seas when he sailed with five small ships in 1577. Drake completed the cir- cuit in two years and ten monthg-- thirty-one days less than. Magellan's voyage. In 1889, Elizabeth Cochrane, who wrote for Joseph Pulitzer's old New York World under the pseudonym of "Nelly Bly", hustled around the globe in 72 days, 6 hours and 11 minutes--New York to London, across the Indian Ocean to Hong- king, thence to San Francisco and back to New York by rail. * Toronto Lawyer Is Left $3,250,000 In Will £ x iw tome eo W. Perkins Bull . Mrs. Sidley urt litigation may follow publication of the will of the late Mrs. Horlick Sidley, Racine, Wis., heiress, who died recently at the to home of W. Perkins Bull, prominent Canadian lawyer. Under terfhs of the will, as reported from Racine, Mr. Bull was bequeathed anfoutright sum of $250,000 plus one-third of the Sidley fortune, esti- mfited at $9,000,000. William Sidley, only son of the deceased woman, rqceives a similar bequest, while the remaining portion of the estate AW to charitable institutions. ] In addition the will of Mrs. Arabella rlick, Mrs. Sidley's mother, who died three days after her daughter, ses of a $3,000,000 fortune of which Mrs. Sidley was left one-third. Head of Ontario Agricultural College Says Representatives From Northern Ireland Have Been Looking Situation Over --Proper Crop Rotation Is Suggested. The linen makers of Northern Ireland are investigating Canada ag a possible source of supply for flax, according to announcement made by Dr. G. L. Christie, presi- dent of the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, when he addressed several hundred flue-cured tobacco growers of South-western Ontario at the annual field day held at the experimental station west of Delhi. Dr. Christie stated that a represen- tative of the linen industries visit- ed him last week at Guelph in con- nection with his studies of the Can- adian flax situation. He explained that Northern Ireland gets much of its flax from Russia but the manu- facturers are interested in Canada as a source of supply if Canadians are prepared to grow the crop in desired quantities, Build The Soil Up Dr. Christie said he told the Irish visitor that much flax was grown on Ontario farms in former years but farmers had discontinued grow- ing the crop because they found it hard on the land. "The man from Ireland suggested that with proper crop rotation the Ontario farmers can grow good flax and not deplete thelr soil," said Dr. Christie. "He said that they grow good flax in Northern Ireland year after year and have not as fertile soil as Ontario and their soil was not being depleted. They had leath- ed in Northern Ireland that they must build up their soil with organ- ic matter. The practice there is to leave fields in sod for four years, then crop these fields for four years then return them to sod, thus rest- ing the soil and providing the or ganic matter taken out by the flax." "I think that is what fargers here have to do. You must consider your industry from the standpoint of crop rotation, Grass crops un. doubtedly are one of the best to build up organic matter. You must put that organic matter back into the soil. The farmers in the Old Country have learned this lesson." Sixteen hundred of England's King George playing fields have been approved. Viewed as Source Flax Supply R-- SITY -- 's * ~0-0 + The BOOK SHELF By ELIZABETH ERDY 0-0 ° oo 0-8 0-9-0 RS "THE CANADIANS" The Story of A People By George M. Wrong As Profesor of history at the Uni- versity of Toronto, George M. Wrong has for more than thirty years been a keen student of the past of Canada. His latest book reads like an exciting novel of adventure but is perhaps the most authoritative and fully documented single volume ever written on the history of Canada. Four centuries have pased since the bold sailor Jacques Cartier set out from Brittany to claim North America for King Francis I of France, and to discover a passage to the East. Professor Wrong tells the dramatic story of these four centuries with skill and eloquence. He has made excellent use of all available source material, avoiding the hackneyed anecdotes that do thrive like hardy perennials in the most Canadian histories, and rely- ing on original research to give his book life and colour. Under French and British The French regime in Canada captivates Professor Wrong with its romantic figures of gentlemen- adventurers, courler-de-bofs, Ind- fans, explorers and soldierg. It is, indeed, a glamour hard to resist. The names of Champlain, Fronten- ac, Joliet, La Salle, Dollier de Gas- son, Madeleine de Vercheres and Pierre de la Verendrye are'symbols of courage and daring. The British rule in Canada was almost immediately characterized by tremendous territorial expansion and by an equally great increase in population, When the British con. quered Canada there were fewer than 300,000 persons living there. Today there are more than 11,000, 000. "THE CANADIANS" of a People, By George M. Wrong, 455 pp Toronto, Macmillan Comp- any of Canada, British Army motorcycle team are competing in amateur relia- - - bility runs. . later than last year, present condi- * per cent compared with 60 per cents Mind Clinics Put "ever it does not interfere with the No By-Elections In Vacant, Federal Ridings-- vacant Federal ridings of London and Waterloo South will not be called until :autumn, Prime Minis- ter Mackenzie King says. by-elections during July-or August," Mr. seem to think we are going to have a general election this fall," he ad- ded, jokingly, "and in that event there would be no need for hy-elec- tions." any basis for reports of a fall elec- tion, the Prime Minister replied he had already made his attitude ap- parent, some months ago that he saw no occasion for an election until the Government had run its full term, and could stand until 1941, The Story, West, including his constitueney in Prinde Albert, will be delayed until gome time in September, the Prime Minister said. foreign orders, And Best Since 1929 May Be 350,000,000 Bushels; 182,505,000 Year - Ago -- Damage 13 Percent Compar- ed With 60 in 1937 With general harvesting only two weeks away, approximately 10 days tions give promise to the heaviest Canadian wheat crop in 10 years and the best financial returns to farmers since 1929. , x Growing conditions have been al- most ideal for the most part, only a few scattered areas in the three prairie provinces reporting immed- fate need of rain. Moisture stands at 94 per cent of normal today as against 64 per cent on the same date a year ago. Manitoba is 80. Saskatchewan is 94, and Alberta is 96 per cent of normal, Should present favorable condi- tions continue until harvest, it is estimated production will exceed the 10-year average of 311,000,000 . bushels. Estimates of some grain men go as high as 350,000,000 bush- els. Canadian wheat production last year was only 182,505,000 bushels. " Nearly Twice As Tall Permanent damage to wheat is placed by statisticians at only 13 for the same period last year. The drought 'and grasshoppers have been mainly responsible, Wheat is 77 per cent headed, the same per- centage as at-this time last year. Average height {8°25 inches against 14 inches last year. Joy Into Industry British Plants Supply Mental First Aid to Employees Mind clinics in factories and in workshops are finding the causes of unhappiness at work and are suggesting remedies. Mental first ald is available in some of the biggest industrial plants in England." : An official of the Institute of In- dustrial Psychology explained how their side of the system is worked. "Sdppose the whole staff of a par- ar. department complain of headaches or fatigue and yet don't seem overworked or strained. Abolish Monotony "We should probably be asked about it, and consultative psycholo- gists would be sent to investigate. "If they found that the lighting and ventilation were not the cause of the trouble they might perhaps find that the workers had a super- visor who was unsuitable for the job and was getting on their nerves. "They would recommend a staff change accordingly." Changes in the lighting, repainting of woodwor colors in the room of the way in which abolished. landscapes, particularly Jiich blue and yellow Ban on talking has been lifted in many factories. Conversation is permitted wher- work in progress, as it humanises the job, increases contentment and. is the best-known antidote to clock- watching. Till The Autumn People Don't Like Voting In Summer, Premier Says. OTTAWA.--By-elections in the "I don't think people would want King added. 'Some people Probability of Geheral Election Pressed to say whether there was statement recalling his that if desirable Parliament His long-projected visit to the Shipyards of Italy are busy on For Export Overseas Value of last year's short Weste- ern wheat crop was placed by the Dominfon- Bureau of Statistics at $157,000,000 when price of No. 1 Northern averaged $1.36 a bushel. First rush of new wheat this year will go direct overseas and not into terminal elevators at the lakehead as in previous years when there was a heavy surplus of wheat from the previous season to draw on, In- dications are the carry-over when the new crop starts to move will be approximately 22,000,000 bush- els. . Market Act May Cover All Fruit Deputy Minister of Agriculture Predicts All But Apple Crop To Be Controlled Extension of the Farm Products Control Act to cover marketing of all Ontario fruit and vegetables, ex- cepting apples, was forecast last week by W. R. Reek, Ontario De- puty Minister of Agriculture. Mr. Reek said only peaches were marketed under the act last year, the first year of operation of the act, but this year the act will gov- ern marketing of asparagus, peach- es, pears and plums, Apples Marketed Already Efforts were made this year to have tomatoes, and the small fruits like strawberries and rasp- berries brought under the act, but the board held the producers of these fruits were not close enough to-unanimity on the need for a board to set prices for the fruit and govern the 'marketing. Ontario's $1,500,000 apple crop is marketed already through organiz- ed producer channels, Mr. Reek sald, making unnecessary any fur- ther organization. Board That Sets Prices The $3,000,000 tomato crop may come under the act next year, The board decided against controlling the small fruit crop this year be- cause it wanted further experience in handling other fruit crops. The act was passed early in 1937 after the judicial committee of the Privy Council held the Natural Products Marketing Act, passed by the Dominion Government in 1934, was ultra vires. It provides for establishment of boards with members representing producers and processors to set prices and determine marketing of farm products. Camera Will See Like Human Eye After Long Experiment A Lens = Has Been Invented Which Perceives in Three Dimensions A fragile prism of glass, thin as paper and smaller than a half dol- lar, is enabling a movie camera to- day to see like the human eye. The camera, a standard type, had been limited to two dimensions. Now the prism helps it to perceive a third dimension--depth and solid- fty--which had escaped it hereto- fore. New Reality of Space It is almost like looking through a stereoscope. The flat likenesses of 'actors become rounded figures. Backgrounds are distinctly separat- ed from nearer objects. A new re- ality of space is recorded on film. The '"human-eye" camera is the result of six years' experiments by Joseph Valentine, Universal Studio cinematographer, at. Hollywood, Cal. The idea occurred to him one night in New York when he left a theatre and noticed that the im- ages in- a lobby mirror had more clarity than those he had just seen on the screen. It's Very Fragile If a mirror had this effect, why not put one in his camera? Valen- tine did. He designed a prism 1/100 of an inch thick and slightly less than an inch in length and width. It was made of two pieces of glass fitted together at a 46-degree angle. It was so fragile that more than a dozen models were broken before it was finally perfected. One sur- face was coated with mercury. Chief Oats Producers The Soviet Union and the Unit- ed States together account for over one-half of the world area under oats. Canada and the Uhit- ed Kingdom are the chief Empire producers, but the output of both countries has fallen in recent years, the Canadian crop harvast for 1937 (268,442,000 bushels) being the smallest estimate since 1910. Argentina since 1930 has "been the leading world exporter of oats and is the only important producing country shipping abroad more than a small proportion of its oat crop. Would Control Surpluses Of World Wheat The United States Proposes Adoption of "Ever-Normal Granary System' The United States has embarked on an ambitious effort to get the big wheat-producing nations of the world to control their surpluses un- der an "ever-normal granary sys- tem." The American farm law provides | for such a system, under which farmers would be encouraged, by means of Government loans, to store grain in bumper years, for later sale when crops are short. At International Conference Agriculture Secretary Wallace suggested that other wheat nations adopt similar programs, so each would be assured of a constant ex- port supply. He also progosed that the nations agree to abstain from practices that would interfere with normal exports of competing coun- tries. He indicated that the program would be laid before an in¢ernation- al wheat conference, by Ambassa-' dor Joseph Kennedy, and Dr, A. G. Black, of the Agriculture Depart- ment, the American delegates. "The United States," Wallace told reporters, "would like to stay in thé world wheat market on a basis of co-operation with other countries under a plan that would assure each a fair share of the mar- kets." - Spiked Rail Ties Guard Frontiers Of Switzerland Highways and Byroads Near German Border Are Dotted With Little Round Manhole Covers--Key Part of De- fense System. Hundreds of little, round metal manhole covers'dot the highways and byroads of Switzerland near the Confederation's frontiers with Germany. They're a key part of Switzerland's national defence sys- tem, Beside the highways lie piles of steel rails, Most travelers who see them think they've been left by the roadside to rust by careless rail road workers. Investigation, hows- ever, may show one end of the rails hag been ground into a sharp point. When husky Swiss soldiers hold their manoeuvres on the frontier, however, the secret is out.' In the "battle" plans the 'war" begins when the hypothetical enemy cros- ses the frontier. Sirens Scream Warning Sharp sirens scream out in the frontier towns and villages. The troops tumble out of barracks and rush to their defence positions while the villagers and Swiss farm. ers run to the highways, Some villagers, using the simple lid lifters all Swiss kitchens have by stoves, raise the little iron man- hole covers. Others carry the rails out to the highways. Deep Slot Concealed The little round holes reveal a deep slot with a reinforced concrete base. In go the rails with the sharp points pointed toward the frontier at a 45-degree angle. Within less that two minutes after the villagers arrive 'the road literally. bristles with steel rails completely blocking the way of any tanks or motorized units that should come from the frontier." Make Air Survey Of Ontario Roads "Ferguson" Highway North Of North Bay Will Be Re-located » Aerlal survey of the lake-dotted country between Martin River and Temagami will be made at once to lay out a new route for the Fergus- on highway, Highways Minister T., B. McQuesten said last weok, Mr, McQuesten, accompanied by a party of six, including the deputy minister, R, M. Smith, returned to. North Bay after a four-day motor trip through Northern Ontario. He said the new route is expected to. cut the present North Bay-Temag-- ami milage from 64 to about 52. Broken By Lakes That section of the Ferguson highway has been rebuilt 80 miles. north of North Bay and five ol south of Temagami and the High. 'ways Department {is anxious to. complete the job. The work may be undertaken In September, the min- ister said, Because, the stretch lies fn coun- try broken up by a chain of small lakes, the aerial survey hag been * ordered so that the shortest pos- sible route could be determined. Miss Edith 'Wills, aged 70, 'has. passed rigid driving tests in Dur- ban, South Africa, and will get a driver's license, / ~