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Influence On Feebleminded Before School Age The Intellig- ence of Children Is Found To Go Up and Down According To Conditions Under Which They Live. Dr. Beth Wellman of lowa State University, voice,d a warning be- fore the American Psychological Association meeting at Columbus, Ohio, that early environment can cause feeblemindedness in children, Feeblemindedness has been con- sidered by scientists as either in- born or visited only upon those in- heriting the lowest grade of intelli gence, Psychologists conceded that the changes of a few points usually less than 10, could be found, caused by education and environment, but held these to be rare. Dr. Wellman tossed a scientific bombshell in the form of a report on children whose "LQ." had changed as much as 40 points. She said the changes were both ways, but so tremendous that they had brought their possessors respec- tively up to the genius level or else down to feeblemindedness. One child, she said, fell from a normal of 103 to feeblemindedness at 60. Two others dropped from good intelligence into the same feebleminded sixties, In these' cases she blamed en- vironment before school age. 'T'he children were in an orphanage cot- tage, she said, under supervision of untrained help, with but little play facilities and no planned education. To back up her assertion that en- vironment caused the feebleminded- ness, she cited another group of children living under similar orph. anage conditions, except that these attended pre-school daily. The children, she declared, improved in intelligence, Prairie Projects Employ Thousands Water Development and Com- munity Pasture Schemes Are New Under Way : First sod was turned last week in the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Project to carry water 70 miles from the Saskatchewan River to Caron Springs for Moose Jaw's wa- ter supply. Preparations were made to start work on the first 20 miles of the ditch to carry the water. George Spence, Director of Re- habilitation, said. "it was estimated employment would be provided, di- rectly or indirectly, for about 10, 000 men on water development and community pasture projects under P.F.R.A. before end of the present season. 29 Projects In View Twenty-nine community and larg- er water development projects have been completed under the P.F.R.A. at a cost of $500,000, in- cluding the irrigation projects at Val Marie and Eastend, with total storage capacity of 38,000 acre feet of water. : Projects now under construction or for which tenders closed by Aug- ust 31, involve an estimated expen- diture of $1,050,000, said Mr. Spence and will have total storage capacity of approximately 133,700 acre feet of water, Children's Toys Very Important Six-Year-Old Needs Playthings As Much as Youth Needs College Educaticn A six-year-old needs good toys as much as a 20-year-old needs a col- lege education, Dr. Lloyd W. Row- land, associate professor of psy. chology at the University of Tulsa, contends. He asked school child psychology students to bring to class their own designs for toys for six-year-old children. One of the best presented, he believes, was a marble sorter in which marbles are made to roll down a gradually widening chute until they drop into compartments according to size, Other toys included a wooden sal- ad spoon and a cube of art gum, both painféd red, for playing a sim- plitied form of tennis or badmin- ton; a loosely-jointed- doll on the end of a stick--for teaching the child rhythm while making ft' dance; a wooden paddle with a face painted on it and a small wire hook for a nose on which the child fis supposed -fo caleh a small ring af- fixed to the handle by a cord. Bonus F or Babies Some time ago Duce Mussolini grew alarmed at the shortagz of Fascists "and the decree went forth, "Mare babies." Fathers of large families: were offered cash benuses, . So far, the scheme has: worked well, for 'latést reports show a population increase, even in towns formerly backward, and the Ex- chequer has paid out $22,500,000. Serial Story ren -- "The Leashed Guns of Circle L" by Perry Westbrook Ld 1) CHAPTER | The massive, steel-barred gates of the Jarillo Penitentiary swung back, disclosing a cavernous, sha- dowy, hopeless arch beyond. From those gates walked a man, a slen- der, wiry man of slightly more than medium height, . His shoulders were not of extra- ordinary width, but they were erect, flat, and packed with smoothly co- ordinating muscles. His chest was arched and deep, his waist lean, His face, from the nose upward, was of a young man, not over thirty years in age at most. That nose was straight, thin and sensitive of nostril. The eyes were of steely gray, clear with the tonic of perfect health, But there was something hard about them--a glimmer, far in the depths, like a living, never fad- ing flame. Nests of tiny wrinkles spread from the corners of them, telling of long years of facing strong sun- light, hot winds, and illimitable dis- tances. The short, crisp hair be- neath his floppy and battered old sombrero was dark brown, slightly curly and with a dusting of gray at the temples. A Stern Mask It was the mouth and jaw which made a cold, stern mask of what was otherwise a reasonably amiable countenance. The jaw was lean and strong, the mouth wide and hinting of whimsicality, were it not for the sensitive lips set in a_ hard line of repression. Besides the worn sombrero, his garb was made up of faded shirt and jeans, and a pair of battered, high-heeled boots which showed signs of long disuse. This, on that sunny, early spring morning, was Edward (Slim) Loy- ale, ex-convict No, 8214, with eigh- teen months served of a three-year sentence, and with eighteen months of parole ahead of him, before he would once more be an entirely free man. A closer observer than the stolid guard who had opened the gates would have noticed that Slim' Loy- ale was trembling as he left the prison behind him. This quiver, which traversed the entire length of his body, held something of a strange, exalting ecstacy about it. A captive bird, freed of its cage, might have acted the same. A wild stallion, surrounded by the high walls of a man-made corral, might have lifted its head to gaze long at the dim, mist-shrouded rim of some great mesa country, its nos- trils dilated and quivering, just as Slim Loyale's nostrils dilated and quivered now. Slim's pace quickened. He took no notice of the sun-bleached, squalid little town of Jarillo a quar- ter of a mile to his left. Nor did he once look back at the sprawling bulk of the prison, which crouched like some unmoving, heartless, drab beast in the immensity of the plain. Slim's face was to the north and his eyes never wavered from a point out there where a dim, violet line of saw-edged mountains hung against the horizon, nebulous and beckoning. : In The Sun Again Inside of an hour the prison and the town of Jarillo had fallen. far behind him. He was entering now a slightly volling country of chemi- sal and manzanita. With strange abandon Slim forced his way through the brush. As he walked he caught handfuls of pungent chemisal, holding it to his face and snifling with little, quick sighs of joy. His lean cheeks, slightly pale from long months away from the sun, glowed with the quickened beat of his stirring blood. In a lit- tle meadow, thick-grown with tar- weed and still a little damp from $200 For A Lamp or Lantern! Yeur Coleman Dealsr pavs TWO DOLLARS forany old lamp or lantern when you trade it in on a new Cole- man, This means you get a new Coleman Lamp for $3.95! (Shade extra.) Biz saving on Coleman Lan- _ terns, too! See your Cole~ man Dealer, Trade today! ( LAMP AND STOVE CO) Coleman iro orento. ones T ay Old the night dew, he kicked about with his feet, inhaling deep of the keen, wild odor which arose. Then as a long-eared jack-rabbit hopped sedately away and a tiny, pert brush wren twittered at him, he laughed, low and deep, and for a moment the hard mask fell away from him. He was a boy again, just a boy going home, going home, The sun arched to the zenith, passed it and swung low into the west. Stil] Slim Loyalegplodded on- ward, a little wearily now, for many miles lay behind him and he had been long hours without food or water. But the glow in his eyes was still strong, and his thin face still eager. For over two miles he had been breasting a long, gradual slope, matted with brush clumps and bro- ken here and there by rough spines of rock. Abruptly he reached the crest, The Old-Timer Before him the ridge fell away in dusty slides to a wide-spreading basin, spotted with groups of shim- mery, silver-barked sycamores. A line of scrub willow twisted from east to west through the basin, coming from one narrow gorge to plunge from sight into a like one. Slim paused, his eyes flitting keenly over the country below. Off there to his left, in an elbow of the creek, a faint-haze of bluish smoke was rising. Slim went down a han-' dy slide in great falling strides and hurried on along the edge: of the willows. A moment later he step- ped into a little clearing, carpeted with green and rimmed with a wal] of willow, In that clearing a fire glowed, and over it crouched a tall, gaunt, leathery-faced old-timer, with keen, blue eyes and faded hair and mus- tache. At one edge of the clearing three horses cropped lazily at the succulent grass. Near the fire was a heap of dunnage. "Hello, Dakota," said Slim quiet- ly, though his voice trembled slightly. "Faithful as ever, I see." The man by the fire straightehed quickly and turned. "Slim," he ejaculated. "Kid!" Then with three strides he was over to Slim and was wringing his hand, his free arm going about the young fellow's shoulders. (To be continued) Racial Origin Of Canadians British Stock in Canada Now Only 51 Per Cent. of The Whole More than one quarter of the whole population of Canada be- longs to the French-Canadian group, with a showing of 28.22 per cent., says the Timmins Press. A few of these came from the U. S., but the greater portion was born in Canada. Between them, British and French stock are predominant to the extent of over 80 per cent. Of the remaining 20 per cent., 17.59 are of European origin with Asiaties, Indians, Negroes and Es- kimos only a small remainder. 4.55 Per Cent. German The largest European group is the German, which stands at 4.55 per cent. Scandinavians follow with 2.20 per cent, and the Ukraine has provided the back- ground for the next largest group at 2.17 per cent. When the previous census was taken, the English origins out- numbered the French but within a decade this has been reversed. - Of particular interest to Tim- mins will be the fact that the Ukrainians are now the largest group in the dominion, and are the second largest non-Anglo and non-French group. Majority Born Here Of the total population 77.76 per cent. were born in Canada, 3.22 per cent. came from the States and the other 20 per cent. are foreign born. Racial origins, of course, are misleading. Many of the German group, for instance, have been in Canada for as many as four gen- erations and by far the largest proportion for at least three. Origin of birth gives a more direct line on any racial problems we may be fading. Spectacles tested by dropping a steel ball on them from a height of six feet have been on exhibi- "tion in London. Boil Your Egg ~The Right Way Mayke You Think Anyone Can But Here Are Some Tips That Will Make You Wonder Size must always be taken into account when boiling eggs, and a minute or two longer allowed to cook large ones. Keep a special saucepan for the purpose. The shells give off a mineral+sub- stance which gradually coats the inside of the pan, and it is there- fore inadvisable to cook other food in it. "Old wives" will tell you that: warts and ulcers mysteriously ap- pear if you eat fqod cooked in an. egg-boiling saucepan, 7 It you take the following tips the shells will not crack in boiling: (1) Stand the eggs in a basin of warm water for a minute before putting them in the saucepan. (2) Transfer them to the pan when the water is just on boiling point but is not bubbling violently. (3) Do not drop them into the water with your fingers. Lower them very gently and carefully down to the bottom of the pan with a table. spoon. i It the water is on boiling point and the eggs previously warmed the water will start boiling very soon after the eggs are lowered in: to it. No lid is necessary. Three minutes (from the moment the egg is covered by the water) i§ just the right time to set a medium-sized egg for some one who likes it "soft boiled," An extra large egg will need four minutes. Lady Baden-Powell has given 9,131 pennies to the Scout Fund in England, a penny a day for all the years she has been connected with the movement. A Frock Matrons Will Adore By Anne Adams What a flattering picture your full-length mirror will reveal when you wear this new afternoon slim- liner by Anne Adams! For Pattern 4686 is definitely charming as well as slimming -- the sort of frock that women feel like copying the minute they see it! Just sele:t one of the lovely firm Fall syn- thetics--or perhaps a silk with a raised self-design--and follow the helpful advice of the" Sewing In- structor. You'll find that - every seam is quickly and -easily- ¢om- pleted! Note particularly the but- ton-trimmed, full-length panel with its centre pleat for walking ease. Then gaze carefully at the, collar-finished neck; the becoming gathers springing from the point. ed yokes! RY Pattern 4086 is available in women's sizes 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48. Size 36 takes 41% yards 89 inch fabric.. Send twenty cents (20c). in coins (stamps cannot be accepted): for this Anne Adams pattern, Write plainly size, name, address and style number. ples Send your order to Anne Adams, Room 421, 78 West Ade- laide St., Toronto. Press Secretary Nearly Every Woman's Orga- nization Has One--Tips On How To Carry Out the Work Efficiently and Interestingly Now, when women's organiza tions are getting into the fall rou- tine of autumn work, may we draw attentions to the attributes of the efficient press . secretary upon whom depends mueh of the public interest in her society, First-of all, the good press secre- tary sees that her report is in on time. That means no later than the morning of the day after the meeting. If she cannot get down to the office with it, she telephones it in. Late news reports lose their news value and are often shoved out of their rightful place by items of fresher intetest. Names Spelled Right Then, the good press- secretary - pays attention to the correct spel- ling of names, and gives corect in. itials. The report is of interest to more than the members of the so- clety concerned, and other readers like to know "which Mrs, Smith" is meant, The good press secretary under- stands that changes are often ne- cessary in order that the report may not seem like a repetition of somebody else's report, She learns how to put the most important item of the meeting first, and fol- low it with the more ordinary ev- ents. : Heraldry . How Record of Genealogies Is Kept The art of heraldry, or armoury, as the old writers called it, consists in blazoning the arms and telling the descent and history of families by certain. pictorial signs. Thus from age to age an authenticated register of genealogies has been kept and handed on from genera- tion to generation. The compiling of these records has always been the special duty of a duly appointed herald. Per haps you think that explanation of heraldry sounds rather dull, but you will soon discover that a good deal of Interesting and amusing things are associated with the study of armorial bearings if you get a good book on the subject. Air liners are to fly between London and Glasgow, Scotland, in three hours, 15 minutes. A Rose's Perfume The perfume of a rose comes from within the petals. An oily chemical is manufactured within the tiny cells, and it is this oil that gives off the odor. But roses were not scented for the benefit of mankind. Mother Nature in- tended that the perfume should at- tract insects, and that the in- sects should fertilize the blossoms. Keeps Fruit Fresh For Many Months New Chemical Process Also Assures Fresh Eggs Discovery of a new chemical pro- cess by which all kinds of fruits may be kept fresh the year around at little cost, is claimed by Dr. H, J. Jay, Durban (South Africa) the inventor, Dr. Jay, who has been experi: menting for fifteen years, believes his discovery will revolutionize the fruit industry and put an end to refrigeration. The main feature of Dr. Jay's process is a new chemical compound, which gives off a color- less gas, causing the fruit to be- come "dormant." One-and-a-half ounces of this compound, which has sugar as its base, will preserve five tons of fruit for a year at a cost of $1.25, it is claimed. The fruit can be stored in large quantities in normal packing in ships, trains and airplanes, or on land, in ordinary closed store rooms. The only apparatus needed Is a pressure gauge and an open vessel containing a little of the sec- ret dark liquid, Dr. Jay contends that the process 'has been made so simple, and that the chemicals are so harmless, that it could be worked by a child. He claims the results of tests reveal that his process can preserve: Eggs for nine months, after which they will be as good as new laid; citrus fruits in perfect condi. tion, without change in size, color - or flavor, from nine to twelve months; peaches and apricots; from nine to twelve months, grapes, to- matoes, pears, apples, cherries, nec- tarines, and all smooth-skinned fruit, for at least twelve months. Fash:ons Flatter ~ Slender Figures That "Long" Look Is All-Im- portant This Fall New fall fashions are most flat- tering to figures which have that long, slender look through the middle. Even if you can't look lean, try to look long from hip bones.to lowest ribs, \ Excellent posture is the goal to aifn at, of course. If you stand, walk or sit with stomach in, der- riere tucked under and chest very high, your diaphragm will be flat and you'll have a long look to the sides of your figure. But if you just slump along, with stomach protrud- ing and chest caved in, your torso will appear to be settled down and - against hip bones. The long look will be completely missing. Do posture exercises regularly. And, in addition, go in for stretch. ing routines. For the long look through the middle, stretching ra- ther than bending evercises are all important. Something Different for Dessert Ey KATHARINE BAKER When is a cake not a cake? Perhaps you haven't time to bother with riddles but it will be worth your while to give the right answer to this one. The answer is Washington Pie which will solve a riddle the next time you are try- ing to decide what to have for a dessert. ' In case you wonder why a thin, two layer cake is called a pie, here is the story. During the Civil War in the States, food in the city of Washington was at a prem- "ium and fresh things for pie fill- ings were impoddible to obtain. However, people still wanted pie, and some clever cook got the idea of baking a thin cake batter in two - round shallow tins, and spreading jelly or jam between the two layers. This cake was never frosted, but the top was' dusted with powdered sugar, and sometimes. the sugar was sifted. from a paper cornucopia in lines, to represent a lattice of narrow strips of pastry. Though we don't consider this an emergency meas- ure in spite of the ¢urrent rumors of war, we do think you will like it for a change from puddings and pies for dessert. WASHINGTON PIE 2 tups sifted cake flour 2 teaspoons baking powder 14 teaspoon salt 1 cup sugar 4 2 eggs, well beaten ? 1 tablespoon butter or other shortening (melted) % cup hot milk 1 teaspoon vanilla, Sift flour once, add baking powder and salt, and sift together three times. Beat sugar gradual- ly into eggs. Adc butter; then flour, alternately with milk, a small amount at a time. Beat af- ter each addition until smooth. Add flavoring. Bake ir two greased 9-inch layer pans in mod- erate oven (350 degrees F.) 25 minutes. Put raspberry jelly or Jam between layers and sprinkle top with powdered sugar. If baked in square 8 x 8 x 2 pan, bake 40 minutes at 350 de- grees F. BUTTERSCOTCH 1 cup Bee Hive Golden Corn Syrup 1 cup white sugar %2 cup butter Mix all ingredients and stir un- til it boils over low heat. Boil until it forms a hard ball in cold water. Pour into buttered pan and when almost 'cold mark into SIA INE [MINERALS ARE THE FOUNDATION OF | IF. you are suffering with Rheumatism, Neurifis, Stomach trouble, Kidnédys, Nerves, Piles, Colitls, Eczema, Female fliments, pris a bE our 8 Sten 8 lacking, sone o v incra which Nature demands, Lang's, Min. eral has brought new health and vi. tality . to thousands: afte re of sufféeings Wr 6 for free Intarmatio. LANG'S MINERAL REMEDIES 946 RORSON ST VANCOUVER. B.C, [ / | THE AWFUL PRICE YOU . PAY FOR BEING i wi Jopyou of good What should is food ripe oni --nd ST YL ved than that Ror. BE. oan Li Cpe I ature your shrieking n a Oks, cranky aud Bard 6 vs os oh Edy ia to go * - on 4 trylug times like it Ba other women for the gen fiona? TT RUST BE GOODI® Le 4 Household Hints Fold a towel or a cloth togeth- er several times and place it un- der the cake bowl while you mix up the cake batter. The cake bowl can't "run away" then when you beat the ingredients together, Children often like banana "boats" filled with frozen foods or fresh fruits, Split bananas in half, lengthwise. Remove the cen- tres carefully. Sprinkle the ban- anas with a little lemn or grape- fruit juice--to prevent the fruit + from darkening. Then stuff them ; with the selected mixture. When re-coating is being done paint is often splashed on wood floors or linoleum. It can be re- moved completely if it is wiped off with a rag soaked in turpentine. It should be done before it has thoroughly dried or it will take : twice as long to get off. Do not add dressing to tomato salad until just ready to serve. The salt and vinegar or lemon juice in the dressing tends to draw the juice from the sliced to- matoes, giving them a wilted ap- pearance. Saucepan burned? Fill with cold water, add: a handful of «salt. Leave one day, then bring to boil. Scrub out with hard' brush, and wash 'with clean water. Add a handful of salt to the water when washing paterned ma- terial. It will keep the colors from running. ~~ Frenzied Tempzrance A Polish husband spent 15¢ on vodka. This so infuriated his wife and sister-in-law that they bound him hand and foot, put him into a wheelbarrow, took him to the river near their house and threw him in. He was drowned; they are in jail, At a meeting of protest against the high cost of living in Bangor, Ireland, it was declared that al- though bacon curers were the richest manufacturers in the coun- try, bacon was becoming a luxury there. 1 found sweetening | my morning LO SsRY TRY IT L----" TOMORROW Issue Noi 40-738 : C y £2 rom mani. & = - = © ys a \ : ¥ = yin ve Ww o oA v %