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Qo 4 7% Z . population previously had been . _ this moment without studying, our U. S. Pop pulation Now 150,362,326 Represents An Increase of 86 Per Cent In Past Ten - Years -- Includes Overseas Posssasions The U., 8. census bureau late in Nov. placed the total population of the United States, ita terri- tories and possessions at 1560, 362,826. ; This represented an increase of 11,928,257, or 8.6 per cent. over the 1930 census, on the basis of preliminary figures. The population in the terri- torles and possessions, the bureau reported, had fnereased three times as rapidly during the past decade as it had on the main- laad. The continental United States placed at 131,409,881, ' an in. crease of 7 per cent. The popu- lation of territories and posses- fons, excluding the Philippine Is- lands, was placed at 2,696,445, a gain of 445,422 or 20.7 per cent. The Philippine Islands count, an estimate based on censues taken in January, 1939, and De- cember, 1918, was 16,356,000, an increase of 2,843,000 or 21 per cent. . The great increase recorded for the outlying group was 31.3 per cent. in the Panama Canal zone. The Virgin Islands had the smallest gain, 13.1 per cent. New Ordnance Chief Fl Victor W. Sifton of Winnipeg has been appointed as acting mastér-general of the ordnance branch of the defence depart- meat, succeeding P. A, Chester, who will Yeturn to his post as general manager of the Hudson's Bay Co. Mr. Sifton will serve without salary and, like Mr, Chester, will serve as g civilian in the defence department post. VOICE PRESS GOOD HUNTING DOWN HERE Hunters go away up north to shoot game while the cutest things in furs are seen everywhere walk: ing along the streets right here. : --St, Thomas Times-Journal, --0-- NEEDED ON HIGHWAYS The railways have succeeded in reducing accidents to a minimum by the co-operation of all their ewployees in Bafety Fist. Those boys ought to bo out.on the high- ways for awhile. --Oshawa Times, ---- NOT ABOVE THE LAW . The very worst thing that could happen to Jaw enforcement in this country would be for the jmpres- "sion to get abroad that soldiers are immune from prosecution by the civil authorities and that the only tribunal qualified to try.them fs a military one. 1hat idea exists to some extent already and Tt would be unfortunate indeed .t it were 'to gain strength. NE --Peterborough Examiner, LE TAR Ey ee NEWSPAPERS ARE HISTORY The newspaper is current. his tory. Fifty years from now no man would daré to write a history of newspapers, for from no other source could he: get such an ace curatd. day-by-day record of what js taking place, If it weren't for newspapers the public would be sadly misinformed, for all it would have to go by would be what somebody thought they heard over' the radlo." 3 IVE mI «=Brandon Sun, Biscuit, Aged 78 What le world's oldest blacuit is owned by W. D. Hudgens, of Luverne, Ala- bama. It was baked in Alaba- ma in 1862 by Joseph Hudgens, a soldler in the Confederate Amy. lL L "A believed to be the [Saving Ontario's / Natural Resources By G. C. TONER Federation of Ontario Anglers (NO. 19) OUR NATIVE TROUT Mention trout to the average angler 'and he thinks of only two kinds, the native speckled trout and the native lake trout, If the angler has" fished 'elsewhere the word "trout" will recall to his mind other: kinds; perhaps rain bow trout of the West; steelheads of the Pacific coast or brown trout of New York or Pennsy!- vania, However, there are in Ontario no fewer than three in. troduced non-native species and four indigenous kinds, The non-native species are the rainbow, the steelhead and the brown. The rainbow trout or- iginally lived in the mountains of western North America in the fast rivers and streams, In On- tario they are found in several rivers flowing into the Georgian Bay and Lake Superior and In some northern Ontario streams, The steclhead trout is not a true species for most biologists now regard it as a sea-going rainbow trout. This last has a tendency to run downstream after spawn- ing and where the rivers are short, as on the Pacific coast, they sometimes reach the sea where they find plenty of food. And Non-Natives The steelhead' is a rainbow trout that lives permanently in salt water except when 'on the spawning runs into the rivers. Both the United States.Burueau of Fisheries and the Ontario Game and Fisheries Department |. have planted steelheads in- Great Lakes waters where they have largely reverted to the rainbow type from which they are indis- tinguishable. The brown trout is"a native of northern Europe. Two varieties have been widely introduced into the streams and lakes of eastern United States and Canada.- Most of the original stock came from Germany, hence the name "Ger- man brown," but some lots of eggs came from Loch Leven in Scotland where a somewhat dif- ferent variety of brown trout was native. These -Scottish fish are known as "Loch Leven trout" but are indistinguishable after on2 or two generations in our. waters, SCOUTING . . . 17,000 used medicine bottles of the desired size were collect- ed by the Boy Scouts of Saint John, N.B., for the district hos- pital unit of the JRCAMC. . 4 "'A number of British Scout Troops have suffered<the loss of their meeting places "through enemy action." In one recent week two Troop Headquarters were struck by German bombs and reduced to ashes. P * . * Not forgetting, in spite of the war, the Scout's promise to be kind to animals, the 1st Hai- mondsworth Boy Scout Troop, England, has converted its cycle trek-cart into an animal ambu- lance, and is helping look after animals, particularly cats and dogs, injured, during alr raids, L Wide publication in Canada of a Louisville, Ky.," dispatch an. nouncing- that two experimental troops of Air Scouts were to be organized by the Boy Scouts of America brought inquiries to Dominion Scout Headquarters concerning such plans for Can- ada. There is no intention of teach- ing Canadain Boy Scouts to fly. Two new Scout Airman Profic- lency Badges recently inaugur- ated, the "Flying Lions," were adopted with the object of gen- erally instructing Scouts in- the principles of . aviation, but par- ticularly with the purpose of qualifying them to give landing directions and other aid to flyers-- circling to find an emergency . landing place.. Special attention in the instructions is given to pro- cedure to be followed and help to be rendered in case of an aero- plane crash. 3 Correspondence Music School Progresses The Correspondence Conserva- tory of Music, Toronto, has receiv. ed many enrollments from musical aspirants throughout Canada, Its progress is duo to the unique musical courses written by Cane ada's most outstanding musician teachers, . A private in the Royal Sussex Regiment is claimed to be the oldest soldier in the British Army, When he enlisted in 'a home defence unit at the out- break of war, he gave his age as 64; he was really 69. along on patrol duty. pearance of a submarine. raiders. Somewhere off the coast of England, this torpe dd So high does the water leap that it Scores of these tiny craft are ¢ be SEY SOREN iy bat js really making the spray fly as it speeds bscures the lines of the craft and gives it-the ap- lojng a full-size job in protecting Britain from THE WAR.WEEK--Commentary on Currenl Events When the Bulgarian government, fortified by the backing of Russia, refused to-sign up as No. 7 in the German-Italian-Japanese - Hungar- fan-Rumanian-Slovefc axis, the democratic world breathed easier. Hitler's plans for a quick push down into Greece were effectively scotohed; his Near East drive was stalled within 250 miles of the Dar- danelles, while Axis-partner Mus- solint's legions floundered about In "Albania. : How Long A "Breather"? There was unconcealed relief in Soffa, where a government official "declared that "it now appears cer- tain to us Bulgaria will not be in- volved in war this winter," Never- theless the most optimistic obsery- ers there believed that only a tem- porary respite was being altprded by the "Bulgarian breathing spell," that the Greek-Italian war would fnevitably spread to involve the remaining Balkan countries. How long could Yugoslavia resist Axis advances? How long could Turkey stay out it Greece found herself In serious difficulties under a new It alian counter-offensive? Alr War Grows Fiercer It Balkan tension relaxed last weok, the same could not be said of the state of affairs In the Battle ritain. Both sides Intensified thelr ake: bardments (the R. A. F. launched terrific attacks on Ger- man and Italian war factories, ports, raflway centres, supply bas- es; English towns and industrial "tentres underwent merciless treat- to Gormany's industrial machine was much heavier and fay more concentrated than anything: the Nazis had been able to accomplish in England, Both suffered heavily. wrote Edward Beattie Jr. of the Associated Press, but England could count,on the advantage of Canadian and other Empire produc: tlon and a growing stream of new planes, guns and shells from the United States. At the worst Eng- land could even move her factories * to Canada, while Germany had only the doubtful and ditficult possibil- ity of transferring her war plants to Russia. | Invasion Still Possible Somo experts in London last week held the view that growing British war strength, especially in bombers, and prospects for greatly increased American aid, might cause Hitler to abandon other plans in favor of invasion of Britain this winter. Profiting by the perlod of heavy fog which greatly restricts flying activities, the Germans might be tempted to risk an invasion with- out the usual alr preparations, counting on the element of sur- priso and the difficulty of dislodg- ing their troops once firmly en- trenched. Hitler, they evidently be- lleved, might be feeling that the risk of a winter invasion was now ment by the Luftwaffe]. Accord. ing to the British version, damage- BULGARIA MAKES STAND; BALKAN TENSION DROPS less than that of a Mediterranean adventure; that if he waited till spring, he might be too late, "We Must Have Ships" Hitler's use of long-range bomb- ors, operating from Brest in an at- tempt to cancel-out American help _ by blockading Atlantic shipping lanes still constituted a most ser- fous menace to the British war effort--one which was evidently up- permost in the minds of Britain's war leaders last weock., Ronald Cross, British minister of shipping, said in a broadcast that Britain was "anxious to get more ships built overseas. We are looking primar. fly to the shipyards of the United States . . . We must have ships-- our life here and the issues which hang on our having enough ships are so tremendous wo cannot make too sure of our shipping position in the months and years ahead ... By themselves, the resources of tho Empire are not enough." U. S. Loans.in Offing Lord lothian, British Ambass- ador to Washington, who returned .to the U.S. last week, when asked if his report on Britain's position was optimistic, replied: "Optimistic, provided that we get help from you The Ambassador told newsmen that financial assist. ance from the U, 8. for Great Brl- tain was one of the problems to bo met "in the first hal{" of the new year, but that It could wait for ac- tion by the new Congress which convenes in January. (It was well-known in both Lon- don and Washington that before loans could be made to Great Bri- taln, Congress would have to re- peal or amend the Johnson Act which bans 'credits to countries which defaulted on Great War debts; and the Neutral ity Act, which for ids loans to bel ligerent nations). "Total Aid" Forthcoming? Meantime, the United States con- that of Britain's on an increasing. ly larger scale. Forty-six of the C world's most powerful bombers wore released for use by British airmen; and public endorsement began to be sought, for "total ald" to Britain, Japs After Singapore By contrast, the United States' "relations with Japan did not fm- prove, ag Japan gave more and more indication of preparations to flout American interests in the Far Bast. Withdrawing almost all troops from China's southern provinces, Japan renewed pressure o™ French Indo-China, demanding air and nav- al bases, fncluding Saigon, most fmportant Frenth port In the Orient. In these they were aided by Thailand, ("Time"" mag- azine, Nov. 25, sald: "South of France's naval base at Cam'ranh Bay, south of Hong Kong, south of Manila, Saigon dominates the sea lanes from all these points to Sing- their First tinued to link its own defense with | apore. If Japan took Saigon, lt might be in a position to cut In two the naval strategles of the white man's empire™) Mutually Assured Soviet Russia last week sounded out General Chiang Kai-Shek's gove ernment on whether peace with Japan was contemplated and re- ceived positive assurances to theo contrary. "We will fight to the fin- 1sh" was said to bo the Chinese answer. At the same time the Chin. esd leaders, according to New York Times' Hallett Abend, expressed certainty that Russia wouldn't ne- gotiatd® any deal with the Japs at the expense of China, that Soviet aid to China was as sure as death- and-taxes. Ld . EX Westerners Get Action It has been said that Premier Bracken's coalition government in Manitoba constitutes the greatest threat to the Mackenzie King ad- ministration at present found in Canada. Representing a solid bloc of men who want to get the West the "squarest" possible deal, it forces action on Issues the Federal government might otherwise cir cumvent. More or less as a direct result of the Western pressure there came from Ottawa last week an announcement that the Domin- fon gomernment would take deliv- ery (at 70¢ a bus. for No. 1 North- ern) of all ,the 1940 wheat crop and set about constructing addition . al wheat storage space to house _ the whole of it, Further, the Min. ister of Trade and Commerce de clared: "Wa all fully recognize that a wheat polley covering the 1941. 42 crop year must be announced some time in February, well in ad- vanco of the seceding season." "Till It Hurts" Immedlately after conclusion of the Throne speech debate, Parlla- ment at Oltawa forecast adjourn ment until Monday, Feb. 17. The Opposition had pressed throughout the session for more and fuller in- formation on the various phases of the war effort but the Government » withheld such on the ground that it would be of too much value to the enemy. Between adjournment and reassembly in February, the Dominion - Provincial conference will meet in Ottawa to consider the important fiscal and soclal re- forms proposed in the report of the Rowell-Sirois Commission. The Finance Minister, speaking In the House, warned that an "ex- cessive and dangerous" optimism as to the outcome of the war exist ed in Canada. "We must engage the enemy ourselves," he sald, "In our civilian activities--by the mak- ing of sacrifices, the foregoing of pleasures, tho devotion of our sub- stance to the cause" ... Announc- ing that Canada's next war loan would be floated next summer, Mr. Ilsley stated that financing Can- ada's war efofrt meant being "tax. ed until it hurts." ' Revenue freight loaded at rail way stations in Canada and re- ceived from foreign connections during July, 1940, amounted to 8,943,066 tons compared with 6,274,181 tons in July, 1939, an increase of more than 40° per cent, 0 TT TI TI IE -TIII LIT IILLELE EERE £25) SIROIS REPORT: | ITS BACKGRUUN Fann FITITITIIILIIL] FITTTIIY dese sr } Momentous Decisions, Made Upon Its Recommendations, will Affect All the People (+) This is the firat of a series of articles on the significance of the Rowell-Sirois Commission and ite report, They will stress particue larly the effects of its implemen: tation _on our farm and rural On Januar 4th, a Dominion. Provinkial Cosference opens at Ottawa to dfscuss the recommen- dations of the Rowell-Sirois Commission What is the background of this Oommission? How did it come into being? What conditions did it uncover in its two and a half years of inquiry? These are questions many Canadians are asking. Momen- tous decisions, -- for action or against action, for this reform or for that reform--will be made in the coming months, These concern every tax-payer, because they affect his pocket-book. They interest every Candaian because they affect the whole present basis of Confederation and will influence many of the future trends in social welfare, national development and the standard of living. Grew Out of Crisis The Royal Commission on Do- minion-Provincial Relations -- to give its full title -- grew out of grave financial and social condi- tions created in Canada by the financial burden of the last de- pression, falling unequally on the various governments. The collapse in 1929 and subse- quent years is too well remem- bered to need recalling in de- tail. Mass unemployment on a vast and prolonged scale appear- ed for the first time in Canadian history. Family resources of the unem- ployed were soon exhausted. Work became impessible, for many thousands, to obtain. Pri- vate and church charity were soon overwhelmed. Governments had to step in. = Plight of Municipalities The hardest-hit municipalities soon came to the end of their tether. They tried to inercase taxes, but revenues fell rapidly in spite of heavier imposts. They triad to provide work for the un- employed, but this involved ex- penditures they could net fin- ance. ' They cut essential servicez to the bone and into the bone. They borrowed to bridge the gap between revenue and expendi- ture. Still unemployment increased. Destitute people required food, clothing, shelter, medical and dental care, schooling, civic ser- vices of various kinds. They had to be supplied at least with the minimum necessities of life. Municipalities in the wheat areas of the West found them- Thumbs Up! reflecting * deter- Fheir mined courage, two London tols are thown as they left a bomb shelter for a bus scheduled to carry them to the comparative. | safely of the English country- faces gile. Their home was: destroyed in a German air raid, selves im similar plight due to crop failure and the partial "or complete kes. of income of their residents and tax-payers. When municipalities had bor- rowed to the limit, and their credit was gone, they had to ap- pruach senior governments for grants, or loans. As the depressbon deepened, the weaker provinces followed the same path as the municipali- ties: namely, rising expenditures, falling revenues, more onerous taxes, stringent economy, sacri- fice of essential services, use of all reserves, borrowing, which entailed heavier interest ocsts at higher interest rates, and finally, in the case of several provinces, the complete exhaustion of pro- vincial credit, The Load of Debt After the exhaustion of muni- cipal credit and provincial credit in the hardest-hit areas, it was only pessible to continue to main- tain normal activities of govern- ment and relieve the distressed by borrowing from the Dominion Govrnment, The old principle of financial independence of government was violated over large areas of Can- ada. Weaker units were tending to become financial wards of the 'Dominion Government. The sound policy, that the gov- erment unit which collected money should also spend: it, had to be abandoned. Vast expendi- tures and borrowings shackled a heavy dead-weight debt load on many governments, which even a return to normal times would not lift. Remedy Must Be -Found The health and welfare of hun- dreds of thoysands of people were suffering because govern- ments empowered to help them _ were not financially able to do so. Remedial - action impera- tive. . Either the loads on certain governments must be lightened, or their revenue sources must be amplified, or these two proced- ures could be combined. The government, early in 1937, appointed the Royal Commission on Dominion - Provincial Rela- tions to inquire into these con- ditions, to find facts and to make was New Architecture <. Aids Camouflage Great Britain has entered a new phase of camouflage, with a special kind of architecture which blends with the landscape. This fact is reported in Nature, Britain's official journal of sci- ence. "Photcgraphs (from the air) of one of the few buildings which has been designed from the out- get in co-operation with camou- flage experts make one realize what could he achieved," it states. The huge structure is part of the English landscape, complete with fields, woods, roads and hedges, and is as nearly indis- tinguishable as could be imag- ined." = REG'LAR FELLERS -- Round Trip By GENE BYRNES SEAR Tt GUESS HA) CH ME / THEY MUST ONE , NR Nh ip, Se CTR Pr pa : ST SR TE, f ~ Sy Pac SEN Ld So - AR re i Sa AE IN AE NC