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/ Sea ------ ------------------------ Fishermen Defy } Nazi Submarines Edmund Gilligan, novelist, speak. fog at the Famous Authers' lunch. eon in Philadelphia, told of the unsuceessful campaign by German submarines to terrorize Amerlcan and Canadian deep sea fishermen, * velates The Toronto Telegram. Purpose of this little-publicized . phase of total war: To deprive us and our Allies of the 500,000-ton haul ot halibuf, haddock and cod which comes into the Gloucester whart each year." Gilligan said: "First, the U:boat commanders would surface near the schooners off the Grand Banks and send for the captain, They'd fell him: "It we catch you out hefe again we'll kill you.' pass the word among the dorymen. "When that didn't work, the U-boat's would surface suddenly, fire a heave-to shot and give the crew just time to get {nto the dories before sinking the schooner, But those Gloucester men and Canadians kept going out -- they hate the Germans with 'a rare flerceness, "Now the subs surface and fire right off. They even go further. They have planted mines under floating hulks with wounded . still aboard so that when a corvette comes up. . RX "But the schooners still go out --1 don't know when or where-- and the catch still comes in, Drag- ging nets close to shore under the protection of naval patrols has even increased the catch beyond normal years." In a recent broadcast from Gloucester, Mass, two fishermen told of personal experiences with enemy subs. In one case the fish. ermen were ordered Into - their dories and their schooner was sunk, In the other case, though the sub was on the surface, no attgmpt was made to harm the fishermen, prey be warned, NOSE BAG i : od New M-5 gas mask for cavalry horses fits snug on the nose and $335 has flexible hose connecting to- canister of air-purifying 'material. Husband Passes The Ammunition United States Is Country's No. 1 W. 0. W. Mrs. Ruby Barnett, 41-year-old grandmother, has had to give up squirrel and rabbit hunting. She's too busy test-firing rifles and ma- chine guns six days a week at the Aberdeen, Md., proving ground. In' New York to broadcast a don't - worry - about production message to service men overseas, Mrs. Barnett was the first woman test-firer at Aberdeen, is the only grandmother in the United States following that shoufder-bruising trade and is the country's No. 1 W. 0. W. -- Women Ordnance Workers. ; . She told about her job at. a press conference recently, She not only test-fires Garand rifles, carbines and submachine guns-- blazing away until the barrel exs pands or the mechanism fails-- apparently lest larger He was expected to' Grandmother | but she also assembles the wea«- pons, a job she says is more fir. ficult than mixing the ingréddi. ents for a cake. There are 170 parts for a Garand rifle, she in. stanced. "I wanted to do my bit," Mra. Barnett said, "so 11 months ago I applied for a job at Aberdéen, where my husband, James, hauls ammunition to the firing ranges. We make quite a team, He passes the ammunition and' I shoot it up." No Time Limit In German Plants Relchsmarshal Hermann - Wil. helm Goering, acting in his capao- ity as Germany's supreme war-eco- nomic authority, has decreed there shall be no limit on the number of hours 'which - German factory orkers may be required to labor ally, despatches from Berlin re- ported recently. In fssuing the decree under the new Nazl program for total mobil. zation of labor, Goering was _gald to have declared there werd no Hmitations on the services de- marided' of the troops and that the same prineiplé should apply on tle home front, - Goering also directed that all war 'working - plants maintain their schedules on Saturdays and Sun. days, the despatches sald, © style, OF.) V-\ bY. RANGERS .... Un guard against any enemy attack on the wooded Br Militia Rangers, Armed with rifle, axe and map, these C western wilderness where a foe might conceivably hide, ish Columbia shore are these Pacitic « anadian sharpshooters patrol the picturesque They are also trained for guerilla warfare, ust VOICE PRESS BEER PROBLEM One of the most amusing spec- tacles of this period is presented by the individual who was a rabid champion of all-out war a few months ago but who now threat- ens a revolution if he has to sacri- fice his normal intake of beer. Why should beer escape ration- _ ing when real necessities of life-- 'from which: it is most distinctly excluded--are in such short sup. ply that they are distributed by coupon? -- : --DBrockville Recorder and Times aris EXPERT SPOTTERS ~-Women will be trained as air- craft spotters, in order to teach the art to male members of the Royal Canadian Air Force. They should 'do a grand job. Anyone who can, after a two-second glance, tell the color, material, and "even the probable price, of every stitch another wo- man is wearing, is just naturally cut out for that sort of work. --Windsor Star Ly THE THREE H"S This Spring and Summer it will be the patriotic thing to drop the three R's in" favor of the threo H's -- hoeing, hitching and har- | vesting. : --Stratford Beacon-Herald --o-- LOOKING AHEAD Travelling aboard the future sky-train, which is to consist of a string of gliders, an experienced wirewalker can easily get back to the diner, --Winnipeg Tribune PRE REASON WHY A commanding officer cannot have his wife with him at the front because he is expected to be the commanding officer. --Brandon Sun - -- R. A. F. PUN A young wife was recently accused of "running away from her R. A. F. husband. "A bolt from the blue. . Spa ANALYSIS OF LIFE Every day more people find out that life is what you make it rather than just what you make. ---Kitchener Record Dutch Seacaptain . Outwits. Germans A high*ofcial of the Pan-Amer- fcan Lines vouches for thls story . of a Dutch captain of a seagoing tugboat whose craft was comman. deered when the Germans took Holland, writes Walter Winchell, His task, the Nazis informed him, would be to tow a string of barges loaded with German soldlers out into the turbulent Channel each day so that. they. could get used to seasickness, in preparation. for tae coming {nvasion of England. Day after day hoe cheerfully escorted * his "unhappy cargo to the most violent parts of the Channel, got' . them good and fll, brought them baok, Finally the captain suggested to' the commanding officers: "Why not have the soldlers get used to actual invasion conditfons by tak- Ing them out at night instead of in the daytime?" They agreed. Next night, the captain: took. out his string of 'six barges, towed them near -enough to the British .coast to ensure their capture and cut them loose, Then he made for the open sea and reached Ber- muda, where he now quietly plies his tughoat trade. : . fnent a "their --Montreal Star : THE WAR . WEEK -- Commentary on Current Events Europe Is Hitler's Fortress: Is It Impregnable To Allies? How strong is the Festung Eur opa that apparently plays so prom. role In German defense plans? What parts of it are nature- built and where had the "Organiz- ation Todt" to fill in gaps with man-built fortifications? Where are its slopes and outposts that can ' be abandoned without inviting ca- tastrophe, and where ave its main lines that must be held at any cost? A careful study of the many complicated factors involved leads to the conclusion that unless their - resources are too seriously strain- ed in Russia or North Africa or war industries and inner transport lines too badly damaged by aerial attack the Germans have at their command a "last-ditch" - fortress that will be able to with. stand everything but the fullest possible striking power of the Un- ited Nations. From behind thelr far-flung European battlements the Gor-. mans will be able to make large- scale military sorties, says Ernest S.. Pisko in the Christian Science Monitor. The plains of France and Belgium, and those at the foothills of the Alps and the Carpathians - leave ample elbow-room for am- bitious offensive<defensive mane. euvers. Moreover, while a retreat to the Festung Europa would bar Hitler from the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, it would keep North Sea and Baltic ports in his pos- session, The submarine warfare would go on. Forts Rushed by Germans No particular knowledge of mili- tary strategy or tactles Is neces- sary to know that only in the South and Southeast of Europe does a natural .defense line exist. This line runs from San Sebastian at tho Spanish-French frontfer stralght across the Bulgarla's Black Sea coast. It is formed by the Pyrences, the Alps, the Dinaric Alps, the Bulgatian mountains, and the northward-bent semicircle of the Carpathians, and {s interrupted 'only along the 300-mile stretch of - France's Mediterranvan coast. } However, the situation is diffor- ent at the eastern, northern and western fringes of Kurope, xcept for the Pripet Marshes which make part of the Polish-Ukrainian frontier impassable, the borders of the continent are relatively easy to -invatle unless protected by man-built fortifications, The Germgn High Cor nd, in continent to . Norway and Low Countries In Norway, apart from tens of thousands of native labor con. scripts, some 200,000 Germans, 50,000 Russian prisoners of war, 11,000 Italians, and lesser numbers of Poles, Czechs, Danes, French, Belgians, Dutch and Serbs are em- ployed in the building of fortifica- tions. Kristiansand, Stavanger, Ber- gen, Trondheim, and Narvik have been strongly fortified and it has even been rumored that the Ger- mans built a defense line somo- where across Norway. The extent of anti-invasion pre- parations in Holland can: be gath- ered from the fact that during the last few months almost the entire civilian population las been ro- moved from the coastal areas. Large sections of tho waterfront cities were torn down to make room for mine-fields, tank traps, concrete pill-hoxes and gun em- placements. Reports from The Hague indicate that the Dutch Capital looks worse now than Rot- terdam did after the air bombard- ment In May, 1940. : The coastal defense zone in..Bel: glum is said to be 15 to 20 miles deep. 'Here, too, civilians have been either evacualed farther in- land or drastically restricted in their movements. New fortifica- tions "have been erected In the Province . of Namur along the Meuse River in order to check a possible Allied attack from North- ern France. The Coast Defenses The Channel coast and the At- lantic coast of France were forti- fled in 1941 and 1942. The whole shoreline Is studded with concrete gun emplacements of all. calibers. After the Allied invasion of North _ Africa the .defense zono was ex- tended to the Mediterranean coast, Workers of the Organization Todt are said to he working on a defense belt some 300 miles long and five miles deep. A second line of fortifications was built between Lille and Amiens, running south. eastward along the former bor der of unoccupied France up to Switzerland. There is, {n- addition, stl the old fed "West Wall," bullt in 1938-1939, which guards the German frontler against attacks from French ter- ritory. ' In Italy, where the coast line is too long to be fortified properly in its entire length, the main work was done on Siclly and on the theastern. tongue of the pen- preparing to meet an invasion from whatever direction it may come, -has been building fortifica. | tions at a frantic pace from thé barren fjords of Norway down to France's lovely Cote d'Azure, insula guarding the entrance to the Adriatic Sea. The second line of "defense runs far up in. the north along the former Austrlan-Itallan border. - Fortifications are belng built fn "Slegtried Line" or southern Greece, and Salonika, at the mouth of the Vardar Valley, bas been transformed into a for- midable strongpoint, Munitions and Fuel Stored Similar work is golug on fn Thrace, Macedonja, Serbla, Al bania and on some points of the Dalmatian coast. Neither has the Nazi defense program neglected ~ such European island-outposts as Sardinia, Crete, and the Dodeca- nese, Weapons, ammunition 'and mo- tor. fuel arg being transported in large quantities to all strategic points." Except for gasoline, the strain on the Reich's reserves is not as heavy as one might pre- sume. The booty from early Nazi conquests now comes in handy. Largo caliber artillery pieces from the former Czechoslovakian bor- der fortifications and the French Maginot' Line are now In position at the fringes of Europe. However, all this extensive work does not mean the German High Command contemplates de- fending the whole of Europe. Such a proposition is ruled out by sheer lack of manpower, Most of the newly built defenses are intended to delay rather than to stave off the attacker Areas' of Abandonment Moreover, it is reasonable fo assume' that German plans. on- visage the abandonment ot con- siderable parts of Europe. In this category helong Sardinia, Italy with Sicily, the coastal region of Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and evens some portions Pt Bulgaria. In the North, Norway, Finland, Estonia, and about two thirds of Latvia are likely to be written off, The same applies to a goodly por- tion of France and Belgium, while Holland and Luxemburg can be ex- pected to he defended with ex- treme tenacity, 'Thus, tho innermost fortress wall, that is, the line where the Nazis will throw in ever bit of their strength, rung roughly from the Duteh-Belgian border region southeastward, protecting the Ruhr Valley, then southward somewhat inside Franco to Bes. ancon, skirting the Swiss frontier, including Lyon, and from there ] taking a sharp turn to the Last along tha Alps, through Austria, then through the Yugoslay moun- tains southward to Nish, » and northward along the Carpathians up to Cernauti and either via Brest-Litovsk to Memel, or taking the Pripet Marshes in its stride, up to the Dvina River and to Riga, Lone Fighter Filot Defends The Fleet Mighty Mediterranean Fleet Air Arm Grew From Single Fighter Pilot sole air defence for the entire Brit. ish Bastern Mediterranean fleet for a time during the early part of the war, the Admiralty disclosed recently, From such a humble beginning grew tho mighty fleet air -arm which, with a daring surprise at- tack the night of Nov, 11," 1940, struck a paralyzing blow at the Italian fleet as it lay at anchor in Taranto harbor. The story was told for the first time by the Admiralty In a book- let "East of Malta and West of Suez," which detailed the work of the Bastern Mediterranean fleet in the first 18 months of the war, This fleet was without aircraft carriers for the first nino months oof war, the Admiralty said. Then, in May, 1940, the 20-year-old car- rler Eagle -- since sunk -- arrived from the East Indies. © The Fleet Is Saved She had two squadrons of tor- later acquired four Gladiator fight. ers as the basls for a fighter squad- ron. But there was not a fighter pilot aboard, So for a while the flying master of the Eagle, Cmdr. C, L. Keighley-Peach, went up alone to defend the entire fleet, On one occasion he went up with a bullet still in his thigh from a previous encounter and shot .down an attacking enemy plane, Later Cmdr. . Keighley-Peach trained two of the bomber pilots abdard the Eagle as fighter pilots, the booklet sald, and between craft and "somehow contrived to A single fighter pilot was the. pedo-carrying Swordfish planes and . them they destroyed 11 enemy afr.' 'On the eve of the battle now surging along the Mareth line, General Sir Bernard LL. Montgom- ery gave the troops the following message: "On the fifth of March, Mar- shal Erwin Rommel addressed his troops in the mountains overlook- ing our positions and said that if they did not take Medenin and force the EFifhth' Army to with- draw, then the days of Axis forces in North Africa were numbered. "The next day, the sixth of March, he attacked the Eighth Army. He should have known that the Eighth Avmy never with. draws, therefore his attack could end onlyin failure--which it did. "We will now show Rommel that he was right in the statement he made to his troops. "The days of Axis forces in North Afriea are indeed num bered. "The Eighth Army and the Western Desert Air Force, to-- gether: constituting one fighting machine, are ready to advances We all know what that means; and so does the enemy. "In the battle that is now to Montgomery: "Forward To Tunis; Drive The Enemy Into The Sea" (By a Staff Cornenpontent of The Christian Science Monitor with the Allied Forces in North Africa) " ------------ start, the Eighth Army will de- stroy the enemy now facing ug in the Mareth pdsitions, will burst through the Gabes gap, will then drive northward on Sfax and Sousse and finally Tunis. "We will not stop or let up till Tunis has been captured and the enemy has either given up the struggle or been pushed into the sea. "Thé operations now about to begin will mark the close of the campaign in North Africa. Once the battle' starts the eyes of the whole world will be on the Eighth Army and millions of people will listen to the wireless evdeyx day-- hoping anxiously for good news, We must not let them be anxious. Let us sce that they get good news and plenty of it every day, "If each one of us does his duty and pulls his full weight, then nothing can stop the Eighth Army. And nothing will stop" it, "With faith in God and the justice of our cause, let us go for- ward to victory. "Forward to Tunis. Drive the enemy into the sea!" preserve the fleet from a major casualty." B "In the eary days of the war ovr naval forces achieved on sea the sort of (thing that the R.A.K. did in the Battle of Britain," ft added, Nine Out Of Ten Say "Rash-uhn" With all the talk about ration- ing, says "The Pleasures of Pub- lishing," it is inevitable that peo- ple who say ray-shuhn should be irritated by heaving others say rash-uhn, and vice-versa, The note _ under ration" in "War Words: Recommended Pronunciations" by W. Cabell Greet offers comfort to both sides. . The ray-shuhn group are follow- ing the tendency of speakers of sections of the conntry. The rash- un crowd are in a goodly com- pany which includes President Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, James. I. Byrnes, director of eco- nomic stabilization; Ison Hender- son, Elmer Davis and Fddie Rick- enbacker, In fact, if you use rash- uhm, you are going along wilh probably nine out of ten Ameri cans in all walks of life, as well as with the British (whoso dic- © tionaries are inclined to ignore ray-shuhny; but if you prefer ray- shuhn, we can't call you wrong. It seems to be purely a matter ot individual cholce. Live and let live, we say. New England and the northeastern | Bigger And Better Nazi Submarines The submarines Germany {is us- ing today are as far ahead of the U-boat that sank the Lusitania (a 1915 as the four-engine bomber {is ahead of the Sopwith Camels that lumbered over the German - lines 25 years ago, says The Cornwall Standard-Freeholder. They are better than 200 feet overall with a 20-foot beam and a submerged displacement of 888% tons. They carry 12 to 13 tor- pedoes plus a quick-firing gun ot four-fnch calibre or larger. Carry- ing 15 men, they can cruise on the surface at 1714 to 20 kuots- and have a range of 11,520 miles, They have a double hull with oil com- partments between to absorb the _ shock of depth charges and deep water, This construction permits them to withstand the pressure of 100 fathoms or 60 feet of water and makes it nefessary to lay a depth charge within 15 or 20 feet to send the U-boat still deeper on a one-way trip to the bottom. Ger- many is turning out 25 to 30 a month, Food Is Ammunition It's up to us now to get out and dig. The people of Britain did, Cabhages grew in the heart of London. Lettuce sprouted on the tops of bomb shelters. Hands that swung the golf club reached to pick up the hoe. Nimble fingers that danced over typewriter keys took on the task of weeding. LIFE'S LIKE THAT (Relerned bp By Fred Neher "Now if I come in for any more chocolates this week, don't yom let me have any. "" "Bluey and Curley of the Anzacs "Now he's confessed up." By Gurney, (Australia) LF TELL ME ABOUT YOURSELF Et) » d 3 N FIRST oF ALL. Joins wp, ceTé A wirorm... Ih DRESSED WP. 8, i sLuey/ : Nn?" r. WITH A FULL KW..l was LOADED uP, AN LAST FRIDAY..] WAS BLOWN UP. .. Now [WH BANDAGED UP, AND FLAMIN' WELL FED up N wot oo I op WP Set Rn Ere OB ry pa - 4