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Every One Of Them Was Carrying Salt We daily passed parties of 10 or a dozen Tibetans, on their way to Mywa Guola, laden with salt; sev- eral families of these wild, black and uncouth-looking people gener- ally travelling together, The men are middle-sized, often tall, very square built and muscular; they haye no beard, moustache, or whis- kers, the few hairs on their faces being carefully removed with tweez- ers. The women are dressed in long flannel petticoats and spencer, over which is thrown a sleeveless, short, striped cloak, drawn round the waist by a girdle of broad brass or silver links, to which hang their knives, scissors, needle-cases, etc, and with which they often strap their children to their backs; the * hair is plaited in two tails, and the neck loaded with strings of coral and glass beads, and great lumps of amber, glass and agate . . . All are good humored and amiable: looking people, very square and Mongolian. in countenance, with broad mouths, high cheekbones, narrow, upturned eyes, broad, flat noses, and low foreheads. White 1s their natural color, and rosy cheeks are common amongst the younger women and children, but all are begrimed with filth and smoke} added to which they become so weather-worn from exposure to the most rigorous climate in the world, that their natural hues are rarely to be recognized. . These motley groups of Tibetans are singularly picturesque, + from the variety in their parti-colored dresses, and their odd appearance. IYirst comes a middle-aged man. or woman, driving a little silk black yak, grunting undér his load of 260 pounds of salt, besides pots, pans, and kettles, stools, churn, and bam- boo vessels, keeping up a constant rattle, and perhaps, buried amongst all, a rosy-cheeked and lipped baby sucking a lump of cheese-curd, The main body follow in due order, and you are soon entangled amidst sheep and goats, each with its two little bags of salt; beside these, stalks the huge, grave, bullzheaded mas:iff, loaded like the rest, his glorious bushy tail thrown over his back in a majestic sweep, and a thick collar of scarlet wool round his neck and shoulders, setting off his long, silky coat to the best ad- , vantage, He is the noblest looking of the party, especially if a fine and pure black one, for they. are often very ragged, dun-colored, sorry beasts. He seems rather owt of place, neither guarding nor keeping the party together, but he knows that neither yaks, sheep, nor goats require his attention; all are per- fectly tame, so he takes his share of work as salt-carrier by day, and watches by night as well. The chil- dren bring up the rear, laughing and chatting together; they, too, have their loads, even to the youngest that can walk. alone.--From "Him- alayan Journals," by Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1891). HAS RARE DISEASE--Par- ents of 3-year-old Ronald Ad- ams, of Galesburg, Ill, live in constant dread that the youngster will be cut or bruised while playing. Ronnie is the victim of hemophilia, a rare disease char- acterized by excessive bleeding from minor injuries. During the last 18 months he has had 12 » transfusions to replace blood lost, through skinned knees and el-- bows. No cure is yet known for the ailment. [acer After You One of those: frustrated oharac- ters who are adults in name only was relentlessly trying to squeeze aficction from a neighbor's attrae- tive child. "Do you still love me, darling?" she began as she knelt to receive her due, A perfunctory nod. "Then put your arms around nie, honey, and div me a dreat bid tissl" The toddler complied and then turned her attention to a more im- portant matter -- an empty mibk cacdgn she had been filling with pebbles when interrupted. The woman's encircling arms held their prisoner. "How much do you love me, precious?" she in- sisted, The cliernb sadly contemplated the milk carton, "Would you cry if | died?" The little girl dutifully nodded. "Slow me how you would ery," the woman urged. "Die frst," the wise tot sug- gested. COOLING OFF PERIOD--Pandora, baby chimpanzee at the Philadelphia Zoo, sneers at the thermometer while attacking the summer heat on two fronts. When the mercury 'climbed, so did Pandora--right up on a cake of ice. The ice cream pop also helped her keep her mind off the heat. HOW TO SOLDER The more machinery and equip- ment that is added-to a farm, and more conveniences there are in a farm home, the more necessary it _ becomes for a farmer to know something about soldering. So to- _day I am going to pass along to you some instructions from an expert on the subject, told in simple lan- guage. ~ Although you ean probably do small jobs with less equipment, the following items make soldering eas- ier--flux, blowtorch, grooved Ey soldering copper, scraper file, tin- snips, bar solder and wire solder. For simple jobs you can get along with a one-quart blowtorch. Fill the fuel ehamber about two- thirds full with clean gasoline through the filler plug .in bottom. Next pump air into the chamber; ten or twenty strokes will usually glve enough air pressure to force gasoline out. . Hold the torch so gasoline will flow into the generator oup. As soon as the eup is filled, shut the needle valve, dry your hands, and light gasoline in the generator cup. As soon as the gasoline fire® goes out, open needle valve and ignite the gasoline vapor. Adjust needle valve to give a bluish flame about four Inches long. Heat soldering sopper by putting it on the sdlder- ing eopper holder with the copper part in the flame. ; A plain brick with a grove hol- lowed out In one face can be used for tinning copper. Melt some sol- der and resin in the groove. Then copper should be rubbed in groove. A two-pound (four pounds per pair) soldering copper, will be about "the right weight for most jobs. A lighter copper is easier to handle but loses heat too fast. A scraper can be made by heating an old worn-out file, bending it at right angles about three-quarters of an inely from the end, and then sharp- ening this bent end. The most common solder, called "half-and-half," is composed of equal parts of lead and tin, It.eomes in bars, solid wire, hollow wire with flux gore, and ribbon. Bar solder is usually more economical, but for small jobs acid or paste core solder is more eonvenient. One of the first things to do in soldering is to clean parts to be sol- dered, This you ean do by scraping, filing, rubbing with steel wool or emary cloth, or 'by using fluxes. You may have to do all four, When metal is heated it oxidizes rapidly. For that reason a flux is used to re- move this oxide just at the instant you solder. Soldering fluxes can be had in liquid, powder or paste form. Pastes are sold under various trade names, and are easy to apply and usual _less messy than liquid fluxes. Mur atic acid diluted with equal pares of water is satisfactory for iron or zine; but be eareful not to get any on your hands or elothes. Zinc chloride, known as "eut acid," is. another common liquid flux, Make it by dissolving pieces of zine in muriatic (hydrochloric) acld, Zine should be added a little at a Hime Into a small, wide-mouthed , 53 3Y a FR STE HES da bottled or porcelain dish until some of the zinc remains undissovled. Be * sure to add the zinc slowly; if you don't the heat may break the dish, Adding two heaping teaspoonfuls of sal ammoniac to each pint of zinc chloride somtimes helps. For electrical work, zinc chloridé should be neutralized by adding one part ammonia and one part water to "each three parts of acid. Powdered resin makes a good flux for lead, tin plate, galvanized iron and aluminum, Tallow is a good flux for soldering lead. Do not use more flux than necessary. Be careful not to get flux on parts not to be soldered, as many fluxes are corrosive, A new or unused soldering cop- per will need to be tinned before using. Heat the copper to nearly red heat. Clean all sides of the copper with a file, sandpaper or scraper. Do not file more than necessary, and. do not use file at all unless necessary to clean and shape the copper." Rub copper on flux or dip it in the soldering acid. Rub eopper over piece of solder or rub solder on copper. MH solder does not stick to the eopper, melt a little solder on a tin plate and rub end of copper on tin plate with force. Alternate rub- bing on solder and dipping in flux will give the copper a coating of - solder for about an Inch or more from end. Wipe copper with a piece of damp waste just as soon as it is tinned. To heat a soldering iron With a blow torch, place whole end of iron in flame. As soon as the iron is hot enough, pull it out of flame, If aopper is heated too hot, tinning will melt off. If copper is too cold, solder will not flow smoothly. Right heat for the copper varies with the work, 'Very little heat is needed for lead or zinc. Medium heat ls "best for iron or tin, A hot copper is used for brass or copper. When using soldering iron, hold flat face of iron, not the polnt, against met- al being soldered. RUNNING SEAMS: Clean sur- faces to be joined. Apply flux, Plek up salder on eopper and draw eop- per down along seam. If heavy seams are being run, Instead of picking up solder on copper, hold stick of solder on tip of ebpper near end and, as it melts, move gopper along seam.' To get best re- sults, seam should be hot, Heating is done as soldering copper is drawn down seam, As eopper cools, handle of soldering eopper should be low- ered, thus bringing more heat to she seam. The work may be smooth od by applying more flux to wol- dered seam and passing hot copper lengthwise over seam. TO SOLDER WIRES. Clean insulation from ends of wires to be soldered and scrape ends until bright. Place ends parallel to one another. Starting at middle of cleansed part, wrap ends around each other, wrapping one end to the left and the other to the right.' Hold hot copper under twisted part and apply flux. Then pick up sol- der from solder bar with copper and apply to twisted part until all sprees hea con wires are filled, Ap: "Alberta, Few Realize Costs Of Train Operation In Canada, more people travel by train than by any other twansporta- ton service, and yet, only a teifiin portion of those who use the rall- ways have any eonception of the huge costs involved in the ¢onstrue- tion and upkeep of these lines. Alongside the Canadian National Railways' track, runs the company's telegraph system. There are ap- proximately 36 poles to a mile, and these, along with the wire which they support, cost an average of $800.00 per mile. A 39-ft. rail of 100 pound weight (100 pounds for every three feet) costs $50,00. Thus, one mile brings the price up to $18,550.00, The ties, which support the rails, cost $2.34 apiece gnd there are approximately 2,850 ties to one mile of. track. Spikes, which are used for fasten- ing the rails to the ties, are worth four 'cents each. There are 13,000 spikes used for every mile. These items alone bring the cost per mile to $23,770.00 without tak- ing into consideration, grading, bal- lasting, bridges, stations, signals, switches, tie plates and o.her ex- penditures which bring the total much higher. Nor does it clude the cost of labour, upkeep, nor the original price of the fand. The Can: adian National Railways operates 24,178 miles of first line track. The upkeep of trains is also very large. For example, the C.N.R. has one tram called "The Continental Limited" which operates daily be tween Vancouver and Torontotoo tween Montreal and Vancouver and Toronto and Vancouvér," The min- imum consist of this train is: 1 locomotive; 1 express car; 1 bag- gage car; 2 day coaches; 1 diner; 1 tourist car; 2 sleeping cars; 1 ob- servation car. Sixteen trains are needed to maintain this daily ser- vice and the cost of one such tram is $1,481,800. Thus to operate only this one of its many regular ser- vices, the C.N.R. has to keep at least $23,708,800 tied up in equip- ment. Actually this sum is much higher because locomotives have to be changed at stated intervals and the length of the train often in- creases as cars are taken on to per- form local or connecting services. Now The Horses . Are Wearing Nylons Wildly kicking longhorns at the world-famous Calgary stampede this year are expected to be roped with nylon lariats. Bucking horses will wear nylon bridles and their saddles fitted with nylon girths. This news comes from High River, where an enterprising couple-- Mr. and Mrs. Hope Hunter -- have gone into the business of hand-braiding western riding equip- ment of nylon -- the same stuff that goes into making those ultra-sheer hose demanded by modern Canadian women. The Hunter's stock-in-trade in- cludes lariat ropes, bridles, halters, _ tie-downs, breast collars, reins, belts and saddle cinchas. These items arc woven in & variety of colors or combination of colors. Their lariats have become highly popular with both American and Canadian rodeo ropers and are claimed to be the strongest rope in existence, yet much easier 'to handle than ropes of grass or man- *illa. Tests have shown nylon riding equipment to be resistant against the ravages of weather, wear and tear of range york and the chemical action of horse sweat. Unlucky Number "I'd just like to know how many girls you made love to before you met me," sald the wife during a quarrel. "Twelve", groaned her husbaad, "but I forgot to count until it wes too late." ly flux and smooth work with ot gopper. Bind joints with rubber tape, then friction tape. SOLDERING HOLES, Clean" surface for some distanee back from hole and apply flux. Touch heated soldering copper to solder until some solder is ploked up by aopper. Place this solder around edge of hole. Keep adding solder until hole is closed, Apply more flux and smooth work » pasting hot eopper over soldere ollow. SWEATING THE JOINT. Tia both surfaces, then press together and heat until solder, which is coated over the surfaces, melts and flows out from between them. Af< ter they have been heated and press- od to gether, leave until eool before moving, Ancestors By Richard Hill Wilkinsem "I wish," said Aime Butterworth wistfully, "lI only wish there had been some one in our family who really did something, something worth while, something --" she smiled as she said it--"1 could brag about." Fred Butterworth laid aside the morning paper, gulped down the last of his coffee, shoved back his chair and said: "What?" Awme overlooked his rudness. "The bridge club meets here this afternoon," she said, "and | dread. it. I dread it because Aggie Spen cer and Gertrude Wilcox will mon opohze the conversation with stories of their ancestors. g Fred scratched ms chin and con templated the wistful look in lus wife's eves. Suddenly he banged the table. "By George, I'd almost forgotten it! Darned if | hadn't You sit here a nunute, sweet, till I rummage around in the attic. I'll give vou something to brag about!" Later he returned with a book. "But what is it?" asked Aime. "It's 3 book of poetry, that's what it is! Written by my mother and published 20 years ago. There's talent in. my family, [ll have you know." Amme's eyes hghied, then glowed with sudden jov. "Fred! you dearl Is ut really? Was your mother really a poct? Oh, why didn't you tell me before! It's just too excit- ing!" Fred grinned <dehghtedly. Ea- route to the station he began to smile. And by the time he had boarded the 8:15 the smile had de- veloped into an occasional chuckle. Tom Cooke, who usually sat with Fred during the short run to the city, became curious. "Say, what's eating you tls morning? Let a man wm _on it af you've got somecthing that'll fetch a laugh these dull days." Fred laughed outright. "I'll tell you, Tom, It's too good to keep. But dou't on your life. heeathe a worth: 1t "Would kill Aime." Tome made solemn promises and cocked his ear. "Well,"Sdid Fred, "Aime was upset this morning be- cause she didn't have anything to brag about at her bridge club, The other members, it seems, haye ar tistic ancestors. into an old trunk and produced a book of poems that mother pub- lished 20 years ago, and told her to brag about that." $ "How'd you oome out?" Tom asked. "What did Aime say?" Tom looked puzzled "What's wrong with that? I'd say a mother m-law poet was O.K."" "But here's the rub," Fred grin ned. "That book of poems is an old manuscript that belonged to my grandmother. After grandmother died, mother found the 'script, thought the poems were worthy ot publication, added a few of her own choice verses, and submitted the retyped copy to a publisher. Mr. Publisher ate the stuff up. "Mother was thrilled. She thought she must have real talent, and went down to the library to study up and read the masters. While per- using a volume of Walt Whitinan she discovered some of the very poems that her mother had sup posedly written. "Of course, mother immediately wired the publistier, advising him It made Aime feel bad to think she married into such an uninteresting family, so I dug to cease manufacturing the book, and explaining that her mother must haye copied some of her fa- vorite Whitinaa poss, io order to dave them. But Mr. Publisher had already printed about 2000 copies, which were ready for distribution. Mother bought up the edition and destroyed all but one, which she kept for sentimental reasons. That one is the book | gave Aime this morning." Tom Cooke arrived at the station a few minutes early the next mora- ing and when he saw the grinning countenance of Fred Butterworth coming down the street, he went éagerly to meet him, I'HE END What's New At The 1949 C.N.E. If your club or group would like an outing at this year's Exhibition with free admittance to the grounds, a meal as guests of the Women's Division and a chance to win $100, then this news is for you! The "How Well Do You Know Canada?" confeést to take place September 9, is open to as many groups of three as your club can round up. In this competition they will be asked questions like, "What is the population of pur newest pro- vince?" "What is the population of the Dominion?" and "Name the. 3 last Governor-Generals." Judges will be a panel of outstand ing Canadians, There is-no entry fee. But your entries must he in to the Womaa's Director, C.N.E., Toronto by Aug- ust 15th. Second price is $75 and thicd,- $50. Going over the accounts one ave Ang, the young husband said e9- proachfully, "Look, dear, the bank" just returned your check." The bride beamed. "Isn't that wonderful, darling! What'll we buy this time?" WIRE BLACK AND GALYANIZ SUITABLE FO BA REPAIRS, INEX 2 GENERAL, FARM UB WRITE: -- PAIKIN BROS., LTD. 188 Ferguson Av, North HAMILTON, ONT, 17-0851 "The Car Of The Future"--That's what they called this Above, model Sherry Stevens steps into the taard ently sprung wheels set in a diamond shape. 1 at | of 12 feet--about half thet required ol bsndand sy lf Tata a § ping npdlne ng ae YUU; uture" ls the bu ost Yrach et ionablooki g automobil -shaped vehlola, which has four lndepen eluding labor. Something's In The Air--A heav set up this impressive display of lightning over Denver as the electrical storm Jollowing a violent crashes of thunder day of near-record temperatures ocky Mountains echoed back the LILLE REGGIY om) PEARLS LUGG G ) By Margarita A WELL GEE ~ IF SHE AIN'T GOT NOTHING TO DO -- WHY SHE TAKE AL IT UP HERSELF ? JZ \1 Ered ie Pe 25.