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Dh h-- 0 rE PE FHT Loa es BY SAGE ERAS COR PS SU Pipe Smoking Though The Ages Smoking js a far more ancient - custom than is generally . sup- d. Ifs.origin has been traced = k to the religious ceremonies of 'priests in districts of cquiitries we now know as Méx and Central America. Stone effigies of priests of the Mayas, whose civilization began before the : birth of Christ, show them en- "suspended 'gaged in the act of ceremonial smoking, They used a' form of pipe and blew the tobacco smoke towards the sun and the four points of the compass. <The practice spread but did not reach England until some time in the 16th century, Sir Walter Raleigh is popular- ly supposed to have been the first pipe smeker in England and it is said that Ralph Lane, Governor of Virginia, presented him with an Indian pipe in 1586. It is certain however that pipes were smoked in England before this, for William Harrison in 1573 writes in"his "Chronologie" of 'the taking in of the smoke of the Indian herb' and goes on to describe how it is taken -- 'by an instrument formed like a little ladell'. This obviously describes a form of pipe with a narrow 'bowl. 'Although not the first -to smoke a pipe, Raleigh, by his example, did much to popular- ize the art among men of fa- shion who were soon carrying the necessary ponderous equip- ment. A good deal of fun was made of the smoker's apparatus and a contemporary pamphlet- eer writes: 'I beheld pipes in his 'pocket: now he draws forth his tinder box and his touchwood and falleth into his tacklings: Sure his throate is afire, the smoake flyeth so fast from his mouth.' It is interesting to note that the word 'pipe' is derived from the Latin 'pipare' meaning 'to . chirp' and was applied first to a wind instrument. One James Cartier concluded an explora- tion of the St. Lawrence estu- -ary in 1536. In his {description of the voyage, he mentions-that the Indians carried a skin bag from their necks which contained some dried herb and a piece of stone or wood 'like 'a pipe'. It would seem, therefore, that Cartier's descrip- tion was the nearest he could give to this tubular piece of wood or stone which resembled the musical instrument. - Raleigh's pipe were made of clay and as the demand grew, manufacture on a large scale was started in this country. There are references to pipes made of silver and of walnut shells with a straw but these were possibly made in more remote parts of England where the right-clay was not readily available. : : The growing popularity of the clay is illustrated by the report 'of a -German- traveller, -Paul Hentzner, of a visit to the Bear Garden in Southwark in 1598. He says: 'At these spectacles and elsewhere the English are constantly smoking tobacco, for which purpose. they have pipes made of clay. They draw the smoke into their mouths and puff it out again through. their nostrils like funnels with much .of phlegm and defluxtion from the head. , Nevertheless there was a good "deal of opposition to the habit which was condemned as 'loath- some to the eye and harmfull to the brain'. ; J Towards the end of the 19th century, English firms started to manufacture briar pipes in that country and London became. the 'centre. French workmen who had experience of the 'new' ma- terial were brought over to teach the craft. They found the British very willing to learn. They soon became experts and the words 'London Made' became famous throughout the world as a sym- bol of pipe perfection. A high degree of skill is re- quired in the making of a pipe, where each bowl is turned indi- vidually. The briar root, often weighing ten pounds or more, is first dug up and then sawn into blocks, the trade name for which is 'Ebauchons." These blocks are then boiled for twenty-four hours to remove all traces of sap and so prevent cracking. After seasoning the blocks are roughly shaped and passed to the craftsman who turns the bowl. This latter is a highly skilled operation as is also the shaping of the stem, which may be round, square or flat. The bowls are next sandpapered and are ready for selecting and grading. After grading, the rich colour of the briar is brought out by fine oils and the hidden beauties of the grain disclosed. Finally the bowl is polished on a lathe head running at high speed. In all, more than thirty skilled op- erations are necessary to produce a pipe. co Took His Diamonds To The Grave Few people know that the wi- dow of 'Bob . Fitzsimmons, the world heavyweight boxing champion who loved jewels and was buried with niné diamonds "in his teeth, is living today in the United States, a grey-haired kindly woman of eighty. She revealed that the Cornish Blacksmith, as Fitzsimmons was called, never really liked fight- ing although he won the world 'championship at thirty-five. Fitzsimmons was one of the most popular boxers who ever fought. Lovers of sport often stopped him in the street to shake hands. Some admirers even followed him into restaur- ants and tipped waiters for the privilege of occupying nearby tables. One of the most sensational knock-outs ever administered by Fitzsimmons, who died in 1917 from double pneumonia, was in | his contest at New: Orleans with Dan Creedon, the stalwart and brilliant New Zealander. So lighting-like and devastat- ing was the blow that put Cree- don down that when he came to more than eighteen hours later he thought that he and not Fitzsimmons had won the fight. HE'S LOST HIS DRIVING PERMIT -- Three-year-old Jeff Owen is a pretty upset guy. After all, he's had his drivers license suspended. I's all because of an accident he had last June with his tiny "dump truck". A neighbor, pulling out of his driveway, backed into Jeff's vehicle, knocking Jeff to the ground." The neighbor's insurance company came across with $41 to pay the hospital bill and buy Jeff a new dump truck, That's how fhe state Bureau of Motor Vehicles got wind of the mishap, Apparantly thinking a real dump fruck was involved, the bureau demanded an accident report. Jeff's dad, thinking it was dll a mistake, ignored the demand. The bureau, became ; indignant at this slight and revoked Jeff's driving permit. "I's a cryin' shame," wails Jeff. The Amazing Jake Englehart By IAN SCLANDERS In 1905, when Sir James Whitney became premier of Ontario, he discovered that the Temiskaming and Nor- thern Ontario Railway, a provincial government ven- ture which had been launch- ed three years earlier, was in a sorry mess. He needed the ablest man he could find to unravel its tangled affairs, complete its construction, and put it on a paying basis. Ile appealed to Jacob Lewis Englehart, of the little south- western * Ontario town of Petrolia, a founder and vice- president of Tmperial Oil Limited. "Jake," he_is reported to have said, "will you come to the rescue and run the T. and N.O. for me?" _. "I'll be happy to," Lingle- hart is reported to have re- plied. "What is it?" The thinning number of men . who remember the amazing Jake Englehart still -tell this apocryphal story be- cause it flashes a light on - three facets of his complex character: he was always willing to help a friend, he reached decisions instantly; and he was not. afraid to tackle anything. These traits might have ruined an ordin- ary individual. . But Engle-~ hart seldom failed 'at what he tried.. When he established his own oil company, as.a raw- boned youth of 19, older men laughed at him and predicted: his bankruptcy. They stop- ped laughing when within a few years he had built, and successfully operated, the biggest refinety in Canada. At the age of 33, he was the organizing genius behind the move that brought 16 leading oil men, business men and political figures to- gether to form Imperial Oil. LJ] $y * "The biographical volume says he was born in Cleve- land, O., on November 2, 1847, a son of S. John Joel and Hannah I. Inglehart, and that in 1866 he formed J. IL. Inglehart and Com- pany, "refining, and exporting Canadian pe- troleum," with a refinery at London, Ont., and an office. at New York. The volume does not say, what his father did or how Jacob Lewis In- glehart, at 19, had acquired enough cash to come to Can- ada -and set himself up in business. But the American Civil. War, which in 1866 was just newly over, had given many Northerners opportun- ities to make macy. Ingle- hart may have been one of them. Or he may have been backed by his father. In either case he required a relatively modest amount of capital. Refineries, in 1860, were cheap, tiny contrap- tions which looked like over- grown ink bottles, The lar- gest of them had a capacity of only a few hundred bar- rels a week, They were risky invest-- ments because many of them blew up. But those which" didn't explode yielded high. producing -- profits, for throughout North America people who had al- ways burned a mixture of whale oil and lard in their lamps were clamoring for the wonderful new lighting fluid, kerosene, developed by Dr. Abraham Gesner of Nova Scotia. Southwestern Ontario was then one of the chief sources of the petroleum from which kerosene was distilled. That's how the in- dustry was when Englehart came to Canada. While his first refinery was 'being erected in London, Englehart traveled through the oil fields persuading small producers, mostly with oil wells in their pas- tures, to let him handle their output and sell it -through his New York office. Before his refinery started operating in the fall of 1866 he had an assured supply of crude pe- troleum to feed it. Ile had this in spite of competitors who followed him around spreading word that he was "wet behind the cars," too young to be trus- ted, and, what was worse, a city slicker from the States. Ironically, a practical joke and his one appearance in police . court enhanced his _popularity with the produc- ers in the back concessions and defeated the efforts of his competitors. Inglehart, at the time -of farmers- this affair, was a guest at the . Tecumseh House in London and onc evening as he jas going outfor a stroll he no- ticed two wooden spigots from beer kegs on the hotel proprietor's desk. On the street a couple of minutes later he encountered "the head of the game protec- ~ tive association, and, on an impulse, informed him grav- ely that he suspected the proprietor of the Tecumseh of breaking the game laws, as he had seen two wood- cocks in his office. Without checking up, the president of the game association rushed off and laid a charge against thé hotelkeeper, Inglehart was summoned as a witness. Called to the stand he con- firmed his statement that he had seen two woodcocks on the proprictor's desk, "I have them here." he said, producing the spigots from his coat pocket. Iiverybody roared with mirth--except the president of the game association. And in the back concessions, where a good joke was ap- preciated and hunting re- strictions were disliked, the incident cemented Iingle- hart's 'prestige and his repu- tation of being a "real man even if he looks like a school- boy." Englehart was to rock london on two other occa- sions--but not with laugh- ter. On April 9, 1869, his re- finery exploded with what newspapers termed "a re- port that rocked the town." But, if the blast shook win- dows, it injured nobody and . the damage was estimated at only $2,000, TI,ess than Eh ii a ee a RE a Ei. seven weeks later it was rip- ped by another explosion. This one caused $6,000 dam- age. . One paper that reported the explosions was the Wy- oming News Letter, publish- ed at Wyoming, in the heart of 'the Ontario ¢il fields. It © was in this same'year, 1869, that the News Letter ran an editorial advocating a new oil company "with a capital of $500,000" to enable Can- ada to carry on "an export trade of larger proportions." Englehart never forgot this editoriil and 11 years later when Imperial Oil was born it had precisely what the News Letter recommended --a capital of $500,000. But other things were to happen first. Inglehart re- built and expanded his Lon- don refinery and in 1870 got an order from Germany for a $30,000 shipment of kero- sene. \When the shipment reached its destination it was rejected on the grounds that it was not up to speci- fications. The cost of bring- ing the kerosene back to London, refining it again, and returning it to Germany, would have been ruinous. Iinglehart met the emergency by sending refining equip- ment to Germany and re- processing the kerosene there --a procedure which reduced his losses. Meanwhile he had been ac- quiring oil wells at Petrolia, - where drillers were striking oil wherever they sank a hole and where oil even flowed down the deep ruts of the main street, convinced by the German experience--he decided that in addition to his London refinery he needed a second refinery '¢lose to the oil wells, So, in the muddy, booming, excited little town of Petro- lia,, he bought a refinery and enlarged it until it was re-- puted to be the biggest and most eflicient, in the world. ITe also laid a system of pipes through which oil could be pumped. right into. his plant. Lo. . . "Ile was a nice man," says Stothers, "but all business-- all business, no fooling. Used to bach here one time; him and Itd Kirby, the first may- or, bached together in a frame house." Ile was baching with Ed Kirby - in 1880 when his dream came true--the dream of an oil company with fin-- ancial resources large enough to improve petroleum pro- ducts, create new outlets for them, place the Ontario oil fields on a solid| foundation and' meet the competition from American fields. After months of negotiations in which he played a leading role, Imperial: Oil Company [imited--now Imperial Oil Limited--was formed, Engle- hart became vice-president ~and assumed an active: role in managing the new corpor- ation. The new company absor- bed srefineries belonging to some of the 16 original share- holders, and used the equip- ment to enlarge Iinglehart's London and Petrolia plants. These became the first I'm- perial refineries. Iinglehart was at -the . plants six days a week from morning till night. Refining was still a hazardous trade. Iinglehart instituted a sys- tem by which funds were set aside to compensate nien in- jured at work, but he also reduced hazards and preach- ed safety rules. Once. he saw a man run- 'ning through a dangerous part of the refinery. He fired him, but ré-hired him two weeks later and from his own pocket paid him the wages' he had lost. Up north he pushed a rail- road into almost virgin bush country! Inglehart spent a lot of time there after he ac- cepted the chairmanship of the I. and N.O. from Sir James Whitney, It was a new adventure for a man who was a pioneer at heart. The salary that went with the job, which was supposed to be very much a part-time job, was $5,000 a year. ing- lehart made the job very nearly a full-time job and gave his salary away to north country settlers who needed help. --TImperial Oil Review. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING . anteed In writing for 10 And--perhaps. BABY CHICKS HELP WANTED BOOKING APPLIANCE salesman, preferably BOK NG orders BF Ghicks and Turkey with car for large furniture and ap, delivery. Send for our folders glv . pllance store, better than averag full defalls about our special egg breeds WRMtUILy fof sxpetienced ma, and broiler. breeds. aroid C. Turkey Poults, weekly hatches. Older pullets 12 weeks FWEBDEE CRICK HATCHERIES 1. FERGUS ec; ONTARID HATCHING EGOS HATCHING eggs wanted by one of Canada's BL ) and oldest establish- ed hatcheries, On some breeds eggs © taken every week In the year. Large remium pald. For full details, write 136, 123 Eighteenth Streef, New Toronto, Ontario. LIVESTOCK LANDRACE boars for Fall delivery from our Imported Goval Ingrid sow and daughters of imported Goval Elsa, sired by grandson of famous boar Bluegate Polaris, Write Fergus Land- race Swine Farm, Fergus, Ontarlo, Phone 405, ii . FOR SALE TRANSMISSION GEARS and universal foints repair kits for every popular car, and truck at com: petitive prices. AUTOMOTIVE WAREHOUSE CO. LTD. 1438 Guy St, Montreal NEW perma-bronze oll filter element lasts forever -- the first cost is the fins] cost ~ can't soak out detergents -- filters grit particles as small as 39 milllonths of an Inch --- removes en- gine moisture -- makes your engine ast up to 40% 'longer -- to clean, re- move element from Alter case. rinse in 'any solvent and replace -- guar full years. One size fits present case on all cars, trucks and tractors with standard by- ass ofl systems. $6.95 -- another all ull-flow fypes, $11.95. Lifetime fuel filter for all engines and oll furnaces $2.95. Vrite oomfleld Enterprises. Box 154. Chatham.. Ont, Dare-Devil Stuff An anonymous young man is planning to defy death autumn by plunging over Nia- gara Falls enclosed in a steel barrel specially made for the purpose. He won't disclose the date of his proposed exploit in case it is stopped by the police. Dare-devil Bobby Leach, one "of the few men to survive "shooting" the roaring, foaming Falls, would have laughed at this ban on making the 168-ft. - drop over the brink. No police restrained him when, watched by 300,000 people, he strapped himself in a cigar-shaped steel barrel which had been carefully cushioned inside and took the plunge on July 26th, 1911, When" the barrel dropped it was at once caught by a giant wave which hurled it twenty feet into the air. It was then held for eighteen minutes in the whirl- pool below the Falls. Between the time he went over the ra- _ pids until" he was hauled un- conscious out of the water, thirty-nine minutes elapsed. His knee-caps were found to be bro- ken, Leach's hair grew white from his terrible experience, but he little dreamed of the strange end which fate had in store for him. At. the age of fifty-eight he broke his leg when he slipped on an orange peel in an Auck- land street. The leg was ampu- tated. He died some time after the operation. An attempt to "shoot" Horse- shoe Falls, Niagara, in an oak barrel killed George Stathakis in 1930, the barrel being smash- ed on the rocks at the cataract's foot. The man's body was im- prisoned in the wreckage in a 'cavern behifid * the thundering torrent of waters and days pass- ed before it emerged. A friend was so confident that - the attempt would fail that he summoned an undertaker some hours before the barrel went over, A Bristol barber wore a pad- ded suit in an ill-fated attempt to go over the Horseshoe Falls in a wooden barrel strengthen- ed by iron bands thirty-five years ago. An iron plate weigh- ing one hundred-weight and sixty pounds of lead were used to keep the barrel vertical. It was dashed to pieces at the foot of the. Falls. The intrepid barber, who was killed, had thus made his last gamble in a life of adventure, for he used to boast that he .had shaved cus- tomers in a lion's den and had an apple cut in two on his throat with a sword. : More Forest Fires ported by an alert year, than by any single govern- ment detection agency. were re- ISSUE 39 -- 1955 If Youre TIRED ALL THE TIME gets a bit run-down now and tired-out, heavy-headed, and maybe bth] by buckiehay Perhaps nothing seriously wrong, just a temporary toxic condition caused | by excess acids and wastes, That's the time to take Dodd's Kidney Pills, Dodd's stimulate the kidneys, and so help restore their normal action of removing excess acids and wastes, Then you feel better, asleep better, work better, Get Dodd's Kidney Pills now. Look for the blus box with the red hand at all druggists. You can depend on Dodd's, 32 _for our latest this © $1.00 TRIAL 'offer rite - for ,Appelntment, McClure Limited, Georgetown Oat, MEDICAL 2 DIXON'S REMEDY -- FOR NEURITIS AND RHEUMATIC PAINS. THOUSANDS SATISFIED MUNRO'S DRUG STORE 335 Elgin, Sy Ottawa, ' $1.25 Express Prepaid POST'S ECZEMA SALVE BANISH the torment of dry eczema Jute and weeping skin troubles, /s Eczema Salve will not disap- t you. Itching Sealing and burn. | Av, eczema, acne, ringworm, pimples . and foot eczema will respond readily to the stainless, odorless olntment, regardless of how stubborn or hope: less they seem. Sent Post Free on Receipt of Price. PRICE. $2.50 PER JAR POST'S REMEDIES 889 Queen St. E., Corner of Logan TORONTO _OPPORTUNITIES FOR MEN AND WOMEN oo 'BEFORE using, be sure. and write ree catalog on guns, es, etc. Large assortment, cope Sporting Goods, 250 Bank St., Ottawa, Ont, --s BE A HAIRDRESSER JOIN CANADA'S LEADING SCHOOL > Great Doporiunity Learn Ha rdressing . 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Halr Tone recovers hair beauty for men and women, $1 per bottle. HYLAND LABORATORIES. MacTier. Ont. TELEGRAPHERS on Railways wanted. We train and place you. Learn at home with Self-Teaching Machine, Option coming to school for tests, $ first pay. STENOGRAPHERS im demand, Our ABC simplified system ualifies in 10 weeks home-study. ee folder elther course, and fees. Write Cassan Svstems. 20 Spadina Road, Toronto. x LADIES buy your nylon stockings and underwear direct from the makers at * wholesale prices and make extra money in your spare time taking orders from vour friends. No experience necessary. We carry the stock for, you. Write for particulars. Redfern-Metcalfe Cor- oration, 4444 St. Catherine Street est, Montreal "6. . IDENTIFY and gov nalize svenyihing, our name and address on ¢hecks, statlonery, books, etc. Saves time, avolds errors. Finest three line PERS SONALIZED RUBBER STAMP, pastna for $1.98. Fowler's Specialties, Drawer 2 Kinley, Sask. oo PATENTS FETHERSTONHAUGH Patent Attorneys. 600 University Ave. all countries. & Compan y. Fstablished 1890. Toronto. Patents AN OFFER to everv Inventor_ iit of Inventions and full information sent free The Ramsav Co. Registered Pat ent Attorneys. 273 Bank St Ottawa PERSONAL I'wentv.-five deluxe personal requirements latest cata. logue Included. The Medico Agency, Box 124. Terminal "A" Toronto Ont MAKE a legal will. Don't delay! Two wlll forms $1.00. Complete simple in- structfons. - Satisfaction guaranteed. Mall Sales, 115 Glen. Albert Drive, Toronto. 1 = EUROPE 1956 MAKE YOUR RESERVATION NOW CELA AL . (LED Vacation "a = : & Arrangements HRs in Bermuda - California Jamaica - Miami - Nassau AIR AND STEAMSHIP RESERVATIONS CRUISES AND BUS TOURS Hotel Reservations Anywhere 0. K. JOHNSON & CO. LTD. 697 Bay SI. EM. 6.9488 publi¢ last ps 5 & EXPORT CANADA S FINEST CIGARETTE . Mexico - Hawaii | > A, TNO