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_ i In 3 ain Pil. t smadiell 88 3 ool Bn Restore Ancient © = ..vroamed herds of wild cattle, . i Sresd Of Cattle 1 Through the great forests that . 'once covered . much. of : Europe se, were the aurgchsen--wild, dangerous 'but : magnificent crea- + Autes, the enormous bulls weighs ing upwards of a; ton. - ... As civilization spread east. wards in the Middle Ages, and : thé forests: were 'cut' down | to provide more land for agricul ture, so. the aurochsen herds began to disappear.' ~~ ' : By the year 1600 the end was in sight--only one herd of auro< chsen remained, in the Jaktor- owka Forest on the outskirts of Warsaw, and-their numbers were reduced to twenty-four head, "What attempts' sWere"made' to keep this last. herd going 'we. . don't know, but they: weren't very successful, for in 1627 the sole survivor died. And with its death an animal species was-lost for ever--or so it seemed. Abbout thirty years ago, how- ever, two distinguished German zoologists, Heinz and Lutz Heck, set out to restore the aurochs. The attempt was made possible by the fact that the. various . breeds of European 'domestic cattle had been at least partly derived from the wild aurochsen, 50 some aurochs' blood flowed in their veins... . What 'the Heck. brothers pro- + posed to do was to collect vari- ~. ous kinds of cattle that showed _ one or more of the aurochs' characteristics,"and then by care- ful crossing try to assemble all these isolated characteristics in one strain. In_ this. way they hoped to reconstruct an animal * indistinguishable from the au- rochs. ' *' Their first taks was to get as accurate a picture as they could of what the aurochs really look- '; ed like. Mediaeval drawings and "" descriptions, skeletons in muse- © ..ums and cave drawings from the Stone Age all contributed to the picture. The aurochs bull, they 'decided, was black. with a red-~ _dish-tingé on the back 'and a narrow _red line running along the spine, while the colour of the cow was chiefly reddish with some grey or black. Then came the search for breeds of cattle showing some of these characteristics, however f= PLANE FUNNY -- San Fran cisco airline secretary Deanna Ledwith shakes a rubber glove on the end of an air condition- Ing duct in a stunt put on fo" welcome the first Boelng 720 fetliner from Seattle, Wash, The face" was added by employ- Gi fT fe F ad & : a rr6 5h : there was little hope of finding what théy wanted among' the , highly developed milk and beef breeds. They must look for prim- itive: herds in-out of 'the: way - plages--herds which: might still . ; retain, not only. certain; of the . physical characteristics .of their wild ancestors, but their ferocity , and speed as well, 4 And so the brothers travelled all over 'Europe, buying ar cow here and a bull there, until they * had" assembled 'a' motley collec- tion of cattle, rv In Corsica they found a small herd of primitive cattle wander- ing about in the hills and receiv- ing the minimum of human at- tention. . Only. for a period: after they "had calved did the cows come , info. contact with their owners to be milked. At other times they roamed 'where they pleased, fending for themselves. It "was selected specimens of! ; these that 'provided the Heck : 'brothers with the red coat colour they needed. 'For' thé primitive ferocity and speed of the aurochsen, and for their physical strength, they. chose selected specimens of French and Spanish fighting cattle. LE Searching for and assembling the various cattle they needed occupied a -whole year, but at last- all was ready. The various animals were crossed according to a carefully evolved plan. Some characteristics had to be bred out, others accentuated, but each succeeding year's batch of calves contained at least a few which showed that progress was made in the right direction, how-- ever slowly. After 'many years and the birth of several hundred calves came. the exciting day they had hoped: for. One calt-was born which, as it developed, shotved all the characteristics they had -been trying to.blend. This was the first of the new race of au- rochsen, : . But there was still a long way to go, for the Heck brothers would not be able to claim ulti- mate success until they had a complete herd of aurochsen that would breed true, To-day, at Munich Zoo, of which Heinz Heck is the direc- tor, there is a small but flourish- ing herd of aurochsen, showing all the characteristics and tem- perament of its ancestors. But these "synthetic" cattle pose a problem. Can we accept them as real aurochsen, or are they merely copies? Zoologists are divided about the right answer. If we could find a herd of genuine auroch- sen, the mystery would be solv- ed, though it seems practically certain that we would detect no difference between it and the new herd. : Not content with having re- created a captive herd of auroch- sen, their ultimate plans are to build up sufficient stocks to en- able them to release small. herds in suitable forest areas. The aurochs is not the only large wild animal to become ex- tinct in Europe in historical times. Another animal that roamed the forests was. the tar- "pan, a wild pony which, like the aurochs, played a part in the production of certain domesti¢ breeds. So far as Is known the tarpan may have disappeared a centuny or two before the au- . 4) After their aurochs experi- ments had been going for some years, and: when it seemed that success would be achieved, the Hecks decided to. start similar experiments with selected dom- ,estic ponies in the hope of being able to breed back to the tarpan. 'They were successful; A flour- ishing herd now exists at Munich Zoo. : + When the state is most cor- rupt, then laws are most multi- plied. --Tacitus, 5 sre ae WHY THOSE AREN'T EGGS] -- This rat-happy hen stole five four- week-old kittens from their mother and won't let her go near them. Rock Hill Evening Herald photographer Dean Wohlgemuth snapped the off-beat little. family in a cardboard box. One startled passerby took a look and declared. "I've eaten my last eggl" The cots would agree. THE FARM FRONT ohn Russell Cyprex dodine (5 wettable powder is a new fungicide of ~ proved value for preventing scab infections in apple orchards. Tests in many fruit districts have demonstrated clearly its out- standing value for use in the regular protectant 'spray pro- gram, P . . At the Plant Pathology Lab- oratory at St. Catharines.in 1957 it was the most effective mater- ial {ested states G. C.'Chamber- lain. Both foliage and fruit on Cyprex-sprayed frees remained completely free from scab while unireated. trees in the next row were severely infected, 98 per cent of the fruit at harvest being worthless because of scab. In the following year Cyprex was Included in both a full pro- tectant program and an eradi- cant, or after-rain, schedule; in each case excellent results were again obtained. * LJ] J Fruit color and finish in the McIntosh variety at St. Cath- arines were good, but elsewhere there have been reports of rather extensive russet injury to the fruit. This kind of injury is at- tributed to sprays when applied under a combination of slow drying conditions and freezing or near-freezing temperatures. LJ] LJ J Cyprex. will find its greatest use on apples for scab control. It is included in the list of fungicides recommended in the Ontario spray calendar for ap- ples for 1960. The dosage rate of one-half to three-quarter pounds in 100 gallons of water is suggested. It should be point- 'ed out, however, that Cyprex will not control powdery mildew of apple. , . . Additional uses for Cyprex in orchard sprays have been found and others are being explored. Limited trials have shown it to be of value In protecting sour cherrles against leaf spot disease: and it has been. used to good advantage .in preventing pear scab. 4 On the other hand, Cyprex has caused considerable foliage dam- age to peaches and plums and The green peach aphid, usual- ly found on the under surfaces of potato leaves, is well suited. to spread this disease to healthy plants, The aphids feed by suck- ing juice from the inner plant cells and are a pale green color, which makes them difficult to detect. Once they acquire virus from infected plants, they can pass it on to healthy plants as long as they live--In some cases as much as two months, Some genera- tions of aphlds are wingless and 'spread disease by erawling from infected to healthy plants, while others have wings and are capa- ble of infecting distant fields. Under the National Potato Program at Fredericton, new potato seedlings are tested each year in the field and greenhouse, where they are exposed to aphids that have fed on infected plants, Some of these seedlings have remained healthy after three or four years' testing and have proved to be more resistant than any of the current com- mercial varieties. Who Said "Only Forty Miles A Day?" Considerable interest has de- veloped in the case of Dr. Bar- bara Moore, 56-year-old British- er who is walking across this fairly far-flung country. She is going from west to east, by the way, and Is subsisting on fruit, grass juices and other fodder of the same general sort. She galn- ed recognition initially, we be- lieve, by tramping from John o' Groat's to Land's End, or vice versa. Anyhow, she hiked from one end of Great Britain to the other, Incidentally, the good doctor's exploits have set off a sort of fad for walking long distances in Britain, Two British sergeants are also tramping across the United States at the moment. No Americans have fallen victim to the craze, as far as we know, and most of us still insist on rid- EC tH 24 LITERARY, YET -- A well-read Kilroy left his mark on this toppled windmill in Argyle, Wis. Though wind did it, the kill was credited to Don Quix- ote, the fictional Spanish knight who jousted with windmills, Earth's Creatures And Their Homes Far more creatures than Is generally realized show attach- ment for a home territory, and . in it for some special site. A Florida tree frog of our ac- quaintance lived for many weeks in a screened house, emerging "each evening to feed on the small moths and midges which somehow got in. During the night it was impossible to pre- dict where the frog would go. It had free run of the house and made use of it. But every morn- ing at our breakfast-time, we could count on finding the frog, snug in the hollow neck region of a pottery swan_-which held a climbing plant. In our New. England garden the same marked bumblebee re- turned repeatedly to the identi- cal hollyhock, arriving at dusk and bedding down In one blos- som after another as they open- ed In sequence up the stalk. Each dawn it set forth again. . . Butterflies too, after seeming- ly aimless wandering, often re- turn to the same branch to sleep through the dark hours, In the tropics a dozen or more often cling side by side in the same sequence night after night, as though they had found a dormi- tory too good to leave. Home may be a territory pro- viding food and mates. By sit- ting quietly jn a Jamacian gar- den we gradually became aware of the many bright-eyed lizards which clung motionless at van- tage points. Each square yard of lawn, each branch of a bush was defended keenly whenever an "outside" lizard intruded. . . For most birds, home is the land around the nest site. In many kinds in which the sexes migrate in separate flocks, the cock birds arrive {first in the breeding area. With repetitious calls, display of fcathers, and actual combat if need be, they claim defj HEEas, With ment in high- ways anf; dufomobiles, a new kind of home life has opened for many people--Iin the "caravans" of Europe and the house trailers of America. Home has become a sort of beehive which can be shifted with weather, to stay where flowers are blooming, or with employment--our human substitute for nectar-hunting and pollen-gathering. Or it may correspond more . closely to an ancient habit clung to by those coastal animals, the hermit crabs, As they scavenge over the beaches and commune with each other night and day, these crustaceans carry over their soft abdomens an empty - snail shell whose cavity they fit: ~The rigid shelter is a haven infp- which the crab can retreat, & shield from the sun, an armour which can be shed, Like trailer-owners who pull up before a sales lot and consid- er whether the time has come to swap for a new model, the her- mits inspect each empty shell they find and often try it uot for size, Occasionally they fight, and in the scramble a crab may shed its shell. Thereafter until it finds a replacement of suitable dimensions, it appears as bereft and vulnerable as a trailerite whose home has been driven oft without 'him, -- From "Paths Across the Earth," by Lorus J. & Margery J, Milne. Insurance Paid For Ghosts' Pranks Combined efforts of police, firemen, : neighbours and the householders themselves. failed recently to find a solution to mysterious happenings in a-Bal- timore family's home.. The first occurred when {fit- teen miniature pottery pitchers suddenly "exploded" on a shelf" in the dining-room. After that, flower - pots "leaped" through windows, pictures fell from walls in unoccupied rooms and ashtrays startled members of the family by jumping off tables and chairs. The incidents continued for four days and then stopped as suddenly as they had begun. Some psychical experts attribute them to poltergeists, the German name for "spirits that throw things about. Poltergeists, according to folk who believe in their existence, are often responsible for knock- ings and rappings in old houses. One poltergeist Investigator reported: "Small objects rise up - into the air and fly across the room, or are thrown from an unoccupied room through an open door Into the presence of witnesses. An Insurance company paid $1200 for damage alleged to have been done by a poltergeist. A mansion of twenty rooms was set on fire, furniture was heap- ed about the house and ewers o! water were poured over the beds, it was claimed. An insur- ance Inspector was "certain that the fire had not been started by the occupants and that it had not been caused accidentally." So the claim was paid. By Rev. R. B, Warren, B.A, B.D, The Golden Rule Matthew 7:1-12 Our memory selection is, "All things whatsoever ye would thas men should do to you, do ye even so to them, Matthew T:12. It we should all do this, what a different world this would be. We would be much more happy. I've just tried it on a stranger who came to the door with a complaint. Some clay dug up by the side of the church, and now very wet with this rain, makes it difficult for him to make the 'sharp turn necessary to get into his garage. First I phoned to make sure that the clay was go- ing to be moved soon. Then I went with him to look over the situation. I said, "Until the clay is moved you put your car in my garage and I'll put mine in yours for I can easily make this turn with my small car." He was de- lighted with the gesture. I've made a friend and that makes me happy. Some day I may be able to talk with him in a per- sonal way about Jesus Christ and His claim on our lives. Jesus warned us not to judge other people. Alas, how often we have been guilty of it! We don't fully understand the other per- son's motive. We don't know hls hereditary tendencies, the frus- trations of his childhood and his present problems, spiritual, men- tal and physical. kindly of him. Believe the best until the worst is proven beyond all shadow of doubt. The more I learn people, (No, that's not a mistake, I don't mean teach), the more charitable I feel toward them, The people who are the most critical always seem to have the most wrong with themselves. The lesson urges us to pray, Ask, seek, knock. Notice the in- creasing intensity suggested by these expressions of Jesus. God invites Intense and earnest pray- er. James reminds us, "Ye have not, because ye ask not." Also In the lesson is the story f the Good Samaritan. The espised man proved to be the kindest to the man in trouble, It is often so. Who was 2 3& spised as Jesus? And who coul be so kind to sin-stricken man So often the ones we tend to de- splse turn out to be our benefas- tors. Let us ule the Golden Rule as a guide to our thoughts, words and actions. ISSUE 23 -- 1960 4 a | HOME FOR RAMESES -- Rameses XVIII, Fordham University's mascot, looks around his new home on the campus. It was built through the efforts of John B. Kelly, father of Princess Grace of Monaco, when he learned that the ram's former shelter burned down. It took 36 hours to complete. Let us think 4 CROSSWORD - i Dlascern 35 Lesa difficult therefore it is not recommended | Ing even if it's only a block. i WURM 11. Consume 2 aniefints for use on these trees. General ignorance of the pre- IER P LE: © "oountry . 38. Closer. ar im ' . s ¢ sent generation of Americans as ERE RY J o 5 25, Theatrical " 33: Kind of ducks Canada has made progress In to walking is suggested by the IES > an. High in the = ~ 45. Famous © developing varieties of potatoes fact that numerous headlines 3) 1. pACROsS 6. Common " goa o : y English uctor that are resistant to the leaf roll written right after Dr. Moore i 7. Pillage 1. Used for 7 YA Le #6, Craplerof virus, reports J. P, MacKinnon started out said she registered 4 | LH BASH RE 3 HiguRiing 30. Hank of (wihe 4¥. Apple séca of the Canada Department of "only 40 miles" on her first day. : 15. Behold h 8 31 In addition 60. Witticlsm Agriculture's Fredericton, N.B,, Plenty 'of us probably know that \) ) 15 Infersed 1: ELAN 3. Tootieny i- fun pod bol Research 'Station walking 40 Dron dh 1 i X ! antalum . : mba) S . £: s ne day is " 4 symbol - ; -- s * y "| no mean feat--no pun intended Fi 30. Writing tables [1-2 : p 1A ol LS LL LR But until resistant varieties | _hut apparently the gentlemen MW 3) xis ; "| are. introduced on a commercial who have been writing the head- Foie pe POTEET 00 cL] 0 re ' scale, Mr. MacKinnon advises lines about the trek are not of \ poy iy sundpiper 15 dq Ws frowns do take these control ust nn a Ap- A AS : mn asures;-:-. - -, : pea emphis). Bp A 1 pps (1). Plant virus-free seed. 3 1 3 Discovered 2 (2) Remove immediately all 3 3 2% Soola) Inwect 'plants that show 'discase symp- | Upsidedown to Prevent Peeking NEE o 31. Mammat'a coat toms. i 40. neam ned (3) Kill the insects by spray- diva BY 7 . Lr { 43. Frasilian coin ing. he '.. * RN Hy pA oo « The leaf roll virus, he explains, SRE 47. Paid public is. maintained in a potato crop 3 REY panty from year to year chiefly by b. : ds. Bonus, ost planting infected' seed and its RAE 13 Soca ning spread within .a crop during the AA i Danish cotns growing season is mainly due to [ 7. Diners aphids, : / s 2 NOWN i The 'virus is not transmitted T { 3 Dortnmen : 2 . by mechanical contact ag are the Qt | 3 Negative 00 AE nod EIN Fk hl ' = mosaic Virusés, but has to be A ; -- A a <a ot KE Urgency - introduced deep into the plant HALF PUP, HALF BABY CARRIAGE -- A San 'Antonie veferinarian gged cast and carriage fof tissue to cause infection, Answer elsewhere on' this page= Yogi after an auto ran over his back legs, breaking them. He's doing all right,