The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

Be ota Be . Sk ot 19 + 8 he PELE \ Old Boston's Barley Toys Somebody who was here dur- ing fhe 'summer asked if we" had' any old cast-iron toys It these have become col» lectors' items, too, and I thought back to: certain * fire engines, trains, and blue tipcarts I'd had or had seen in the earlier days. I remembered a: cast-iron bank which," through no effort mine, had almost made me a rich man. A coin was inserted thus. and so, and when you press- ed a button a cast-iron donkey would kick over a cast-iron boy, and the penny was tipped into the slot. I never exploited it, but a younger sister used to get it when anybody was around and gx for a penny so it could be monstrated, Shortly before she made me affluent the spring in, the donkey broke. Last summer I said no, that we had no cast-iron toys left over, but at Christmas time: we always made barley toys -- and with this I hit a blank. It isn't hard, today, to find folks who never had or saw barley toys. Such- are always amazed, when they finally see some, to dis- cover they are made from candy. 'And if there is any memory re- action it usually consists of, "Oh, yes -- | remember -- long ago . .."" One of the +{amily ancestors. operated a candy shop on Bea- con Hill. Nobody seems to re: member just where it was on the hill, or exactly how long ago. He, the ancestor, had the shop from his father, and tradition tells us he did well and was then recognized as an old Boston, in- stitution. But instead of setting up a continuity and giving us the "oldest candy shop in America, * for some reason he went out of business. And as the years have of' gone along-certain of "his equip-- ment came to rest improbably under our roof. We have the copper kettle in which he boiled hs syrups, the spout indicating that he was left-handed, and the . east Old Boston's barley toys. We also have the recipe he used, which is supposed to be a secret in the family. It doesn't seem to be anything a gvod chet couldn't figure out by him- se} if he tried; The barley toys, then, are a | ----heavy--lead-molds--in-which--he-- -- hard sugar candy-made in: the you can eat them! Some of these lead molds we have go back as much as 150 years, at least, some of them are newer -- all®ol them are old enough now to Le treasured as they are: "The tra- dition is that the candy shop in Boston was always busiest just before Christmas, "and that the © copper kettle was hot akmost day .and night as it worked on the little candy figurines. Naturally the. work was done, at €hristmus, in the front window of} the shop so folks in the street could stand and watch -- and be teased into a purchase. If uncoloured the candy came out a rich honey-gold, as clear -as amber, but colour was added to some batches. Green and red. The candy comes from the molds as dogs, cats, birds, shovels, , guns, boats, horses, and so on. A little teakettle that you can pop into your mouth comes from one mold, while a big steam lo- comotive with belled smokestack comes from another -- the en- gine weighs exactly a pound and it takes over an hour to harden it and get it from the mold. We imagine the engine was one of the more recent molds acquired, and probably is no- where near so old in the candy business as the roosters and don- keys, but it is naturally the fore- runner of the cast-iron choo- choo and the whole model train business. We presume that when railroading got established, some mold maker went right at it. There is a deer, a daintily formed animal with head held high and a rack of antlers, but there is no "Santy Claus." You 'see, until "A Visit From St. Ni- © cholas" was written, there had been no artful description of this character, and it hadn't occurred _to anybody to depict him. The candy deer of the old Boston - Candy Shop is therefore simply a deer, and has no conneclion with Prancer et als. There is aiso a camel, with Arab aboard; re- splendent eagles in several sizes; and inanimate things such as the teapot -- a boat, a cornet, a broom, a musket, and washtub. dwell annually on this, for it tells of a time when Christmas was less expanded. These little the .day, and perhaps the only bad thing you can say about: them is that they are the fore- ized Yule; which so often de- form of animals or other recog- nizable objects. They have the added feafure, which cast- iron Animals do not, that after you are through playing with them, RA I EEL 100TH BIRTHDAY -- Mrs. Em- tlie Schulz - manages a wan smile despite adversity as she marks her 100th birthday. Confined to a wheelchair. since she broke her hip in a fall last Anyway every December we get the molds out, set the left- handed copper keltle on the stove, and pour batch after batch of these old-time candies. They make: beautiful Christmas remembrances to our friends and relatives who seem more pleased than - they would be with a ten dollar bill apiece. Nor-is it only the children who seem glad. ably as children did in old Bos- the toys and shortly eat them. But the older folks react too. "seen one of those since .. . |! And as-the years have gone along, there are folks who come avery year just to see us "make the toys. They watch us care- fully olive-oil the molds, stand them on 'end, and 'run in the hot syrup. And when the molds are opened; and the toys come say, "It's a dog! It's a rooster!" And every year some of them say, "Why, you ought to go into business. with those -- they'd sell" But we happen to think there are enough' people, now, in business over Christmas. We prefer to perpetuate t this custom from an amateur standing. -- barley toys were sufficient for "Why," says someone; "I. haven't. out, they stand to' one side and. "runners of the great commercial "They; the--children;--react--prob-_.. "fon 150 years ago -- they fondle year, Mrs. Schulz busily cro- | By John Gould in the Christian chets rugs. Sclence Monitor. . - 6. Intention #9. Covered witn CROSSWORD 8. Written In baked clay -..verse 30. Guido's ¥ Remnant second note 'PUZZLE . Extreme 31. Legume \ h contempt 8. Level ~~ : 4--u 9. Book leaf' 5. Spend out ACROSS 66. Marriages 10. Small island iy Trorsniped 1. Alaskan 57 Branches of <ftequisite t # mining town learning 13. Forest. 4". Shsphera' A 8. Copp * 68. Poem 19. Al 42 Bott drink 8. Whiri 89. Aggressive. 3 A possible 43 Always 12. Effort mess (colloa.) 53 Cnt) fish 44. Flue of a 14. [nstance DOWN 'futd ah chimney 18 Note of the Roman oF 46. Lateral seale "fiddler 2b. Authentic 48. Poultry 18 Furnished : 26. Bird of - products with weapons # Draft animals 27. Extinct bird 49. Desire 17 Cast amorous 3 Myself of N. Zealana 51. Pair \ glutices 4. Perloa of 28. Mental 52. Immerse 1% Identical time concept AB. Gr. letter 20 Superlative . ending ; 21. Cupidity 22: Compete 24 Moat common meta) --48 8g -- % 28 Frosted a pi cake 2% Faucet A 32 Manfpulated ¢ A Td ba" ambitious 38. Non roréssiona) 27. Flesh of calves "0. Spreliation henna 10, OInAMantA) 3 Seren grass Lucky Hy Se SURAT, pli : pL ": 1 Spregion : nlisted Answer elsewhice on this page It is: refreshing, ~we--think, to} presses us now. Yet-they-were--}- g ~ dainty, delightful. and deliclous. Red Squirrels Always On The Go Apparently there are very few moments inthe life of a red squirrel when he is not full of zeal, when he ceases to be fired with the intention of doing something, thing may be. At least this seems "to 'be true of his actiyities in the open, where he can be ob- served, He may change his ob- jective from moment to mom- ent, but the change does not lead to an empty blank. He is no devotee of contemplation. A raccoon may find a com- fortable seat in the crotch of a "tree and Yemain there for an hour,~ merely=;looking out upon the world. A fox may lie down in a sunny spot and enjoy a plea- sant rest, watchful but not un- easy. A gray squirrel may climb to a comfortable limb, seat him- _ self there, curl his tail over his back, and apparently just do nothing. But a red squirrel is. too busy to be quiet, has too much on his mind. On the ground he zigzags busily around, looking for food or for whatever will serve as an objective. When he climbs a tree he is in a hurry to arrive some- where, though his destination is subject to change as he ascends. When he returns to earth he comes down with no 'flowing grace but in jerky starts and stops. Whe he pauses on a cabin roof he gives every indication _ of being about to do something radical. Perhaps, when the day is done and he retires to his hollow in a tree, he settles down for a few hours of quiet or even sleep. There is no way of knowing. But somehow it seems doubtful. Irom "Beyond the Cabin Door," 'hy Walter Collins O'Kane. . BREAKS BREAK -- Harrisburg, W., sheriff H. B. Tanner pon. ders his 'duty through streams . "of blood. Prisoners in his fall beat him with mop handles in attempted escape, .but didn't get past him. Making War On The Barnacles Thousands of of dollars will be saved by shipowners thanks to a new British invention which 'will 'wage . continuous war on barnacles, -the strange marine creatures which cling to ships, slowing them down and rusting and rotting thelr hulls and bot- tom-plates.. ~It. -is- an ingenious system which pumps fluid from ships into the sea to poison the barn- acles and other sea growths at- tacking their hulls, This "barnacle battle" fs al- ready under way. But ever since the first iron ship was launched.' men have been {fighting the barnacle, a salt water crusta- cean who can also attach himself to rocks, wharf piles and even whales, turtles and other crea- "tures under water. When marine scientists tried to see if colo has any effect on barnacles, these hard - shelled cousins of the crab and crayfish sat tight in their "armour" and went on attaching themselves to the hills of ships, making them heavier and rougher so that fric- tion was increased and the ves- ..sels' speed reduced. 'Highly coloured copper paints, though good for preventing other types of ship fouling, had prac- tically no effect on the barnacles. Countless doers in the past have had the task of scraping off the barnacles from ships before new paint. could be applied. One recently introduced meth- od of waging war on the barn- acles was to blast them off the ships' plates. with: sand projected at high speed through nozzles. In some docks brushes with bris- tles of flame have been swept over the plates to make the barnacles release their Jenaciong hold, we whatever that some-< ALL WET -- Streets of Bath, England, are boaters' paradise as days of continuous rains flooded the resort city. Boatmen, above, accompany frogman, left, on rescue missions, All Canadian provinces have agreed to co-operate in a vol- untary program to increase the efficiency of chick hatchery fu- migation. One result of this pro- gram ig expected to" be an im- provement in the health of the national flock. 4 . ' The Poultry Division of the Canada Department of Agricul- ture will administer the project but inspectors from both the fed- eral and provincial governments will collect the incubator dust and fluff samples-from hatcher- ~ {es In their area for the analysis. This is the key innovation. 0% LE RANA. Ror eS m T The analysis will be carried out at federal Health of Animals Division or provincial laborator- les, whichever 4s" most conveni- and types of micro-organisms in the samples will' bg made. On _ the basis of these analyses hatch- "erles will be notitied of. the ef- ~--fectiveness- --of-- ¢ methods or will where necessary to: take steps to reduce exposure "of the chicks to organisms. -~ - * LJ] Studies in Canada have con- firmed the ability of formalde- hyde fumigation to kill bacteria and many hatcherymen have re- sorted to this means of reducing disease in chicks. The next step ation. It was found that this could be done by laboratory ex- amination of samples and esti- mating the numbers of viable micro-organisms in a known weight pf incubator dust. Cases have been reported where a high bacterial population In a sample was definitely associated with high non-specific mortality in the first few weeks of brooding. Where significant counts of As- pergillus mold were found in 'samples, the. chicks or poults often developed Aspergillosis. * . » By the end of 1959 three prov- Inces were engaged in fumiga- tion and analysis work in chick hactheries and this year the pro- gram was extended to all of Can- levels offering inspection and analysls facilities, Inspection - of hatcherles Is obligatory under the Livestock and Livestock Prod- ucts Act and the collection of in- cubator dust and fluff camples 'can be done in the course of rou- tine' checks on sanitation and plant operation. The willingness ent, and a report on the number pir_sanitation excessive number. of the micro- wag to find-a-method-of -measur-___ -1--ing-the-effectiveness-of-the oper-- --ada with governments at both mii Tew minutes. TET THE FARM FRONT of Canada's 590 hatchery opera- tors to participate is an essential part of the program. The Poultry Division at Ottawa is convinced that the values of the findings made will quickly commend the program to those poultrymen who are still new to it. LJ Ld . [f plants could talk they would complain of "catching a virus" just as often as human beings do and with. more reason. For virus- es cause extensive disease in such crops as corh, potatoes and rasp- berries. While some plants, like 'human beings, shake off a virus condition with little damage, others are noticeably affected. -. - What exactly fs the virus? 3 It is a tiny biological entity that multiplies by robbing {ts host of nutrients. The ineffective part of the virus particle com- prises four basic units arranged. in a specific pattern which re- mains constant in reproduction-- and reproduction can take lage * c. . The process of virus penetra- tion, movement and growth within the host can be traced by tagging one of the basic units of the pattern with radioactivity and it is Hoped eventually to learn how the virus assembles the plant nutrients into its own pattern. This study being carried on at the Canada Department of Agriculture research station at Vancouver, may lead-to-a-better--{- understanding of immunity and to better means of controlling disease. 1 * - Other controls attempted are the breeding of varieties resist- ant to the attacks of the virus, and the protection of virus-free plants from infection in the early stages of propagation, ONIONS FORETELL WEATHER Country folk In Frarice have a quaint Yuletide onlon custom -which many thousands will ob- serve again this year. On Christmas Day twelve on- lons are placed on a shelf, each with a pinch of salt on top, to represent the twelve months of the year, If by Epiphany thg salt on ar particular onion has dissolve the month it represents will ba | wet, they say. If the salt re- mains firm the month will prove fine, Most pencils are made six-sided rather than round so they won't roll away. rs DONDER: AND BLITZEN! = William Thomas of Kansas City, had no decided not to change it. "cart beforaithe horse" idea when he hung cutouts of "Santa and one of his reindesr on the gable of his home. "W lust came out that way," he said. Children and grown neighbors are having so much fun out of it the way It ls, NDAY SCHO0I LESSON By Rev. R. B. Warren, B.A, B.D. Ye Must Be Born Again John 3: 1:7, 12-21 Memory Selection: God sent not His Son into the world to con- demn the world; but that the world through him might be sav- ed. John 3:17, There are multitudes of peo- ple in-this Christian land who know as little about the meaning of the New Birth as did Nico- demus. We understand church membership, good works, the sac- raments, but until we are born of the Holy Spirit, we cannot un- derstand the new birth. Nicodemus * belonged to the most religious sect of the Jews. He was impressed by the mir- acles which Jesus-performed. He was startled when Jesus probed into his heart, saying, "Marvel not that I say unto thee, Ye must be born again." The great evan- gelist, George Whitfield, was once asked why he preached so frequently from the text, 'ye must be born again' His reply was, "Because ye must be born again." In the eighteenth century John Wesley was a true son of Nico- demus. It took him thirteen years te abandon his false assumptions and humbly place his complete faith in Jesus Christ. Only then did he experience the new birth. Only then did he possess eternal lite. For fifty years thereafter he travelled up and down the Brit- "Ish Isles convincing thousands ot the truth explained to Nicodemus - by Jesus. Before this experience he had come to America to con- vert the Indians but found that he himself needed to be con- verted: John 3:16 points out the means by which we may be saved; be- lleving on God's only begotten Son. We are saved by faith. Man would like to make a way to heavén according to his own wishes. But there is only one way. We must turn-from our sin and belleve on Jesus Christ. And this is not merely an intellectual assent; it 1s a committing of our all to Him. It Is a deliberate trust. Jesus Christ and He alone, can deliver us from the curse of the broken law. He ls all we need. os ~ Wool, ~Walnuts And Pen-Wipers There was no money to spend on presents from shops, nor did we think of buying our gifts. The only bought presents were books which were the province of our parents. My Mother look- ed after this part of the festi- vity when she visited the coun- try town on the Friday before Christmas. One _ could buy balls of varie- "gated 'wool for a halfpéenny each 1 "in colours which shaded in a manner I thought magical. There was orange shading to yellow, and red melting to pink, and various tones of green and blue mingled like a garden. of flow- ers. I murmured the beautiful word "variegated" as I walked through the wood to the tiny: sweetshop In the hamlet where the wool was sold. I clutched my twopence in my hand and fhought of all I could buy with" i I unlatched the door of the fvy-covered cottage which was also a shop, and I nervously lis- tened to the jangling bell that summoned Mrs, Else from her housework. There was a strong smell of vinegar and pickles which I disliked, but there were jars of sweets and trays of Jap. nuggets and cocoanut chips and chocolate bars well as the variegated wool balls. I chose as -- the colours. from the dusty tray ir the window. [ began the knitting at once, ac soon as 1 got into the wood, by hammering four in an empty cotton-reel, using a stone for the hammer, to make my primitive knitting machine, The wool was twisted round the tacks which were evenly spaced about the centre hole of 'the bob bin and with a pin, or even a thorn, I drew the fresh wool over to make a stitch. Round and round the bobbin I worked and a fascinating snake of many col- ours was drawn through the hole. Walnuts and chestnuts were the wildwood foundations for which had plen- ty of diversity. We made a set of dolls' furniture, chairs and couch and table with shiny brown horse-chestnuts fresh from the green husk, and colour- some presents, ed wool and some stout pins from the _ pincushion on the dresser. Walnuts grew in an old avenue of trees planted by my great-grandfather and although they no longer belonged to us we used to run under the great trees and stamp on the dark rotten husks which lay among the fallen leaves. We carefully cracked the cream shells and kept them for our presents of mystery. Sixpence bought a bot- tle of gold paint which lasted for years and we gilded the nuts for the Christmas tree and for presents. Some of them were made into little - pin-cushions, with scraps of velvet and silk from the patchwork bag glued across the half nut and the were ready for somebody (] Christmas, My own zeaslicirion of simpla things, the painted text, the glld- ed walnuts, the surprise nuts, the embroidered handkerchief, th pen-wiper, the pin-cushion, hon mats were In my private drawe in the kitclien table where "looked - at them many a time a day. pms . Our hearts were warm as we thought of the store of presents and Christmas was near.--From "The Swans Fly Dyer by All- son Uttley. BE a rg FOUR-TON CHRISTMAS TREE little tacks' « , - Duke of Norfolk for tenantry about a century ago. Grown on his estate, it was seventy feet high and weighed four tons. The first Christmas tree seen In England was ergeted by the Prince Consort, husband of Queen Victoria, at Windsor in 1840. It was forty feet high and carried a crop of presents worth an estimated $45,000. Cpshedoun to Prevent Peeking Ia ISSUE 2 -- 1961 LONELY HEARTS -- Clirgingl to each othr have akan fearfully face a strange world #n experiments at the Univer oity of Wisconsin. Dr, Harry F. Harlow, a paychologis, is res searching such factors ds mother love and a Infants, faction between SV in's 1 , mas treés was provided by the =n