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| "A Family Tradition for 126 Years" PORT PERRY STAR - Tuesday, June 16, 1992 - 21 Historian explains First Nations By Dr. 1.V.B.Johnson As an historian whose career work has been devoted to the aboriginal history of southern Ontario, I feel obliged to relate to your readers the history of the Mississaugas of Scugog Is- land as see it. There are five modern 'First Nation' groupings of the origi- nal Mississauga Nation living in southern Ontario. The Mis- sissaugas of Scugog Island is the smallest of the five. The oth- er First Nations are: Alderville on the south shore of Rice Lake, Hiawatha on the north shore of Rice Lake, Curve Lake on Chemong Lake, and New Credit situated near Hagersville. The Mississaugas moved into southern Ontario in 1695 A.D. They were a branch of the fa- mous Council of Three Fires Confederacy which consisted of those tribal groups that called themselves Anishinabek {Algonkian}. The three largest tribes were the Ojibway, the Odawa and the Pottawatomi. The Mississauga is a branch of the Ojibway who originally lived in the Mississagi River Valley on the north shore of Georgian Bay. The Mississaugas, and the Council of Three Fires, had a trading alliance with the Hu- rons who occupied that portion of Ontario between Notawasa- ga Bay and the Niagara Penin- sula until 1690 A.D. when the now famous battles took place between the Iroquois Confeder- acy from New York State and the Hurons over control of the wealthy northern fur trade. When the Hurons lost that war, many survivors sought ref- uge among their Anishinabek allies. The Anishinabek counter attacked the Iroquois, driving them back into New York State in 1695. Several of the burial mounds, like the well known Serpent Mounds, are said to be mass Iroquois burial sites that date from those battles. The Mississaugas took up residence in southern Ontario and when the French, and later the British, established rela- tions in the region, the Missis- sauga Nation controlled all of the lands from Brockville to Ni- agara Falls and the grand River Valley, as far north as the Hali- burton Highlands. After the Royal Proclamation of 1763, asserting British inter- est in Ontario and up to the mid 19th century, the Mississaugas signed four treaties of peace and friendship with the British followed by 18 major land sur- render treaties. The Mississaugas of Scugog Island have lived in the area bordered by Lake Simcoe, Lake Ontario, the Kawartha Lakes UXBRIDGE MEMORIAL & 3 BOWLDEN % { sev eae | j COMPANY MEMORIALS OF DISTINCTION GRANITE MARBLE BRONZE CEMETERY LETTERING & RENOVATIONS CUSTOM DESIGNING & LETTERING Quality & Satisfaction assured by our own 45 YEARS OF PERSONAL SERVICE UXBRIDGE FOR PERSONAL Written Guarantee 852-3472 HOME APPOINTMENTS AND visit our sHowrooM 108 BROCK ST. WEST TRANSPORTATION BY REQUEST and the Haliburton Highlands since they arrived in the area in 1695. As settlement grew, accel- erating through the 19th centu- ry, the Mississaugas were re- stricted to smaller and smaller areas of their traditional lands. There are many reports of set- tlers shooting at Mississauga hunting parties and fencing off family hunting grounds. In the early 19th century the main villages occupied by the Scugog Band were at Indian Point in Balsam Lake, Indian Trading Point on Lake Scugog and Scugog Island. The Metho- dist Church established a mis- sion among the Mississaugas of Scugogin the 1820s. The first school in the Lake Scugog area was established in 1828 and the Methodists in- structed the Scugog Mississau- gas in agriculture which they had become quite good at by 1830. They also continued to practice their traditional econo- my as best they could which in- cluded hunting and fishing as well as the cultivation of wild rice, deer rice and cranberries in Scugog marsh. In 1834 the Scugog marsh was flooded by the establish- ment of the dam at Bobcaygeon and over 1,000 acres of land were drowned, including the wild rice and cranberry marsh- es. As a result of the flooding, the marsh crops rotted and the Methodists reported noxious gases and illness among the Mississaugas. Several mission- aries and their families became sick and the Mississaugas were decimated. Many deaths were reported among the Indians and at least one member of the mission died. The Mississaugas were forced to move away and took refuge on the Coldwater Reser- vation near Orillia from 1835 to 1837. As the devastation of the Lake Scugog are subsided, the Mississaugas moved home. 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