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THE HOME RADIO Hair to Make and Use It Br A. HYATT VERWLL i*v /* v * : r#' .* ' p RADIO AN OUTGROWTH OF THE WAR "We usually think of the great war as a disaster and as having done an Incalculable amount of harm to the world and Its people, but it is very doubtful If the war did as much harm as good. Within the few years it lasted It resulted in immense benefits to mankind in the tremendous discoveries, improvements and advancement of medicine, surgery, chemistry, aeronautic!, mechanics, engineering, metalluigy and wireless communication, and while the toll of life, the destruction of property, the devastation of lands, the loss of art and the bankruptcy of nations are all temporary and will soon be replaced and forgotten, the scientific progress mod discoveries which were a direct result of the war, will endure forever and will continue to benefit mankind. Of all the arts and sciences which received an unprecedented impetus by the war, none is of greater interest or has a more far-reaching effect to the average person than radio telephony. Before the war wireless telegraphy was well established, universally used and a fairly exact and ^well-understood science; but wireless telephony was scarcely more than a dream--a visionary, uncertain thing; complicated, little understood and literally in Its Infancy. But today, so incredibly rapid have been the strides made in the devdopment of this science, that wireless telephony is an every-day affair; a simple, easily understood thing--far simpler than telegraphy--and In constant use. Dot only commercially, bat by countless thousands of amateurs. In a way, however, the war merely launched practical radio telephbny on its career and far greater progress has been made in commercializing, simplifying and cheapening it within the past four months--October to February, 1921-22--than within the previous six years. Indeed, so rapid has been its advancement, that it seems to have come upon us almost overnight, and within a few short weeks it has leaped from an obscure, scientific curiosity to an almost universally used means of entertainment and profit. Today thousands of mere boys are using wireless telephones--many of the Instruments made by the boys themselves--and In department stores, electrical supply stores and elsewhere sets for receiving may be purchased for a few dollars. From various stations, music, crop reports, market reports, weather reports, speeches, songs, operas, plays, stories, official time, racing and baseball returns; shipping news and countless other interesting matters are sent broadcast through the air, free to anyone who possesses a wireless telephone receiving set. Thus, the farmer, miles from the nearest town, the sailor at sea, passengers on ships, guests in hotels, crowds about bulletin boards and people in their own homes can listen to the voices of famous men, the music of bands and orchestras, the singing of famous operatic stars, the dialogues of plays and countless other things, from bHUitint points and as clearly and plainly as though no space Intervened. Truly, radio telephony is the great modern miracle; a dream more fantastic and fairy-like than the Arabian Nights; a more marvelous actuality than the fabulous lamp of Aladdin or the flying carpet, and, best of all. It is within the reach of everyone, while the "music in the air" Is free to all who care to listen in. , . » It is certainly a strange, almost incredible, tiling to think that the air about us, even within our dwellings, is constantly filled with sounds, voices, music, messages and songs which are as inaudible as they are invisible, but which may be caught and delivered to our ears by means of a few wires and batteries and a few appliances so simple that even a child may use them. And the limit Is far from being reached. Within a few years or even months, the range of wireless telephony will be Increased by hundreds or even thousands of miles, antennae or aerials will be entirely done away with and the instruments for sending and receiving will be so Improved, simplified and reduced that one may carry them in one's pocket, for while radio telephony has already become highly perfected, widely used and absolutely practical, yet it is still hardly out of Its Infancy and no man may prophesy what • _•* -A.mV ^ , * •* \ . : I PRINCIPLES OF WIRELESS TRANSMISSION & • - » ^ ^Before attempting to explain the functions and the principles of the nuflo telephones, or describing how to make, use and operate them, it Is necessary to understand something of the underlying principles and fundamental laws of wireless transmission. It is not, however, necessary to enter into a long discussion on the theories and principles of electricity or physics which enter into the subject, but merely tc illustrate and make dear a few Important and salient laws, causes fend results which make the transmission of sounds possible Without the use of wires between the sending and receiving instruments. The first and most Important principle of all radio transmission Is the fact that all our atmosphere is constantly disturbed by vibrations or oscillations or, as we may call them for the sake of simplicity, waves. We are accustomed to think of the atmosphere about us as a more or less uniform substance which we call air, hut in reality the air or atmosphere, space, and in fact all solids as well are pervaded by an Invisible, odorless, and almost weightless but exceedingly elastic substance known as ether or luminiferous ether. It is by means of this ether that all heat, light, electricity, etc., are transmitted, in the form of waves or vibrations. Light and heat waves have been known to science for a long time, but it is only within comparatively recent years that man has learned that electric or electro-magnetic waves also travel through the ether, and it was through this discovery, and by means of these waves, that wireless telegraphy and telephony became possible. In a way, the electro-magnetic waves are very similar to the waves or ripples formed by dropping a stone in a calm pool of water, for, Just as the water waves travel in gradually widening circles from the splash, so the electric waves, started by the spark of a wireless transmitting or sending instrument, spread in ever-widening circles through the ether. Moreover, Just as the waves In the pool are short and-clear near the spot where the stone is thrown and gradually become longer and less noticeable and farther apart as they flow from the splash, so wireless waves are clearer and sharper near the Instrument and decrease in clearness and size as they get farther and farther away and, to draw still ahother comparison, Just as the shore of the pool or any object In the water interrupts or breaks the waves, so a wireless receiving instrument will interrupt or receive the electrical waves of the ether. Indeed, Just as the waves or vibrations set up by the wireless spark are electro-magnetic waves and the energy that starts them is electrical energy, so the waves in the pool are started by muscular or mechanical energy. You can readily4 understand bow It would be possible to communicate by means of such liquid waves, for. It a person at a distance should toss stones Into the water at stated intervals, a person watching the shore, and noticing the Intervals of the waves, could understand signals which had been prearranged. This, of course, would be a very crude and uncertain method of communication; but if you could devise some instrument to count and measure the waves and could devise means for creating waves of definite sizes and numbers, a practical means of communication could be established. It is Just this which occurs in the transmission and reception of electro-magnetic or wireless waves, for, by breaking or interrupting the waves sent out by the spark they are transformed into long and short sections which correspond to dots and dashes as used in wireless telegraphy. These waves set in motion by the sending apparatus, possess the property of starting oscillations In any conductor which they strike, and if they strike tbe cerial or antennae of a wireless station they start oscillations in the wires, but so faint and weak that they would not be detected unless sensitive instruments were provided to magnify and catch them. Such instruments are known as detectors and consist of various substances or devices which are adjustable and from which wires lead to a telephone receiver. The high frequency oscillations of the ether, which are known as alternating currents, as they flow back and forth, are cut off by the magnets In the receiver, while the detector is designed to allow the oscillations to pass through In one direction, but will not allow them to return, and thus it acts as a check-valve in a water pipe and the alternating, back-and-forth currents are transformed into impulses going in nne direction only and known us direct currents. These will flow through a telephone receiver and cause the diaphragm to vibrate, and thus the ear detects the interrupted buzzing sounds which Indicate the dots and dashes of the code. Another very important part of the mechanism of the wireless apparatus is the tuner, for without this the various vibrations of the ether sent out from numberless stations would come as a hodge-podge of meaningless sounds to the receiver. But hy arranging the receiving instrument so It may be adjusted to receive or'pick up only those waves of a certain length, all other vibrations^ and the messages they carry are eliminated or cut out. So, the wireless operator who is receiving messages, may adjust his instrument back and forth until he picks up any message which may be passing through the ether at the Daughters, m Brag of Prices Fathers in French South African fc ; Colony Drive Hard Bargain With Suitor* is Deals Are Always Settled In the Oriental Manner of Bargaining-- ^pf»eneh Government Seeks IS " Wipe Out Practice. tie* bank preaches thr#t by radio If you happen to be within range of Dgyton, O., you will soon hear some* thing like this: "Save your nickels; save your dimes," etc. The City National bank of that city h»« installed a transmitting station. In addition to encouraging thrift the bank will broadcast regularly financed advice, quotations on local bond and stock issues, warnings of activities of .bogus promoters and other information of valae to the Investor. *ri ? WHAT MAKES RADIO WORKf Of the many explanations offered as to how the radio waves travel from the transmitter to the receiver, a new theory was given by Prof. J. A. Flemming, a well-known radio authority In England, before the Royal Society of Arts. 'His explanation was that there is a highly conducting layer In ji,u tj u|i(n;i a v-- ^iwuo ui I-* Uit- C« B-- iuiu-- B|fUu -e n-- S- | 'In which the component gases are hydrogen and helium. The conductivity of this strata is probably due to elec- Making Connections. Instead of soldering connections In iue aerial, an ordinary clean splice Joint can be made, covered with foil and then taped. This will keep moisture and last a long time. **f. > 5 •' ^ . • • - 1 V "V"" ""v, trifled dust which comes to us from the sun, from which it is repelled by the radiation pressure against the gravitation attraction. This conducting layer guides tbe radio waves around the earth and prevents ftotn escaping into space. tin Paris.--The French colonial office Is investigating ways and means of wiping out slave selling and slavery In general In certain sections of France's possessions in Africa. in the tribe of the Kabylle, the French colony In Africa, fathers sell their duughters and brag of the high prices they get for tlieni. A Parisian traveler, Do Waleffe, who went to Africa with Albert Sarraut, the French colonial minister, and bus just re-* turned from extensive Journeys iii. tjie colonies, reports that France la very much misguided in believing that women are comparatively free and highly considered in tbe Babylie tribe, M. de Wfeleffe was told by a prou<f< father that he had sold his first daughter for 6,000 francs, but that he got 14,000 francs for the second girl, as she was very pretty. All the fathers gather for their Turkish coffee at the Caravanserai and discuss between puffs of their narghiles (Turkish water-pipes) the prices they expect to get for their daughters or brag of the amount somebody paid them. Suitors Drive Hard Bargain. The deals are always settled In the typical oriental manner of bargaining The father asks several times as much as he thinks he can get and the suitor offers as little as he can without insulting the maiden. Then they settle down to business, each reducing or raising the price as the hours pass. Finally they reach a point midway bet\ yg£ft the two original figures and the transaction Is over; but It has taken dayp to accomplish. The women of Kabylle are. sold at an early age, sometimes at twelve or thirteen years. Once they leave their paternal'roof for the harem of their purchaser their days of pleasure are over and they face a life-long slavery of hard work. The one redeeming factor In the sale of the women in Kabylle la that they are sold only as wives. In Asia Minor, where the many scattered tribes of Circassians sell their women, the morality is not so high, and the daughters of the tribes are sold to anybody as long as a high enough price Is paid. Edhem Said Bey. a Turk who was feeling acutely the servant problem In Constantinople, tells of going to Asia Minor and buying half a dozen servants. He went to the first Circassian village and asked the chief jf the eldart to exhibit the daughter^ for sale, fathers Assemble Qlrk In the evening fifteen to twenty girls were assembled in the town hall with their fathers. They were dressed to show themselves off to advantage, Every man wanted as much as be could get for bis daughter, and tbe bey had to deal with them one by one, listening to them enumerate tbe particular charms and abilities. After long bargaining with the fathers the bey went to the market and bought donkeys, buffaloes and silver-mounted arras for a tenth of the price he had agreed upon for the girls. These were then presented to the fathers as payment. When these girls are delivered they are carefully veiled and can travel anywhere with their purchasers unmolested, for In the Near Fast no one, not even a government official, would dare lift the veil sf a Moslem woman. Woman Heads Sheriff "J All Raids First to Hold Position in United States Shirks Nonf a t ' Duties of Office. FILLS tRJT HUSBAND'S IBM Mrs. MeAuley 8erved forbears as Deputy for Her Late Husband In _ Mtohigan County--Determined to Enforce Law. Bad Axe, Mich.--For the first time In the history of Michigan, and as far as Is known In the United' States, a woman has been appointed as county sheriff, and has been given full charge of the men deputies in the county. And this woman. Mrs. Luia MeAuley, is no novice at the Job either, for she succeeds her husband. Donald Prize Mess Crew of the Maryland Undo Sam's thirl >shret'-miHsois-tioiiitr battleship, the Maryland, can now boast of a wonderful mess crew--the pride of the navy. Captain D. F. Sellers each week has an inspection of the mess tables for which there are three prizes offered to the best mess crew. Keen rivalry exists between £he mess squads, and George W. Sweeney of the Hotel Men's association was called upon to judge the inspection. The photograph shows the winning table. MeAuley, for many years tha Huron county sheriff, and has served several years as a deputy under him. MeAuley would have finished his fourth term of office next January, but caught a cold during a raid, which later turned to pneumonia and resulted In his death. To Finish Husband's Term, v Mrs. MeAuley was appointed - to complete her husband's term by the unanimous consent of the Huron county probate Judge, prosecutor and eounty clerk. The new "sheriffess" while,-she Saya. she is not an ardent "dry," Is determined that the state and national laws be lived up to within reason, and already Blie has engineered and taken part in one raid among the hills of north Huron county. She predicts that the most of her troubles will come from illicit whiskey making. Already, she says, there hiis been a growth in the number of cases which ehe has had to handle and she lays this to the report which has reached adjacent counties "that a woman is sheriff in Huron." Takes Active Part. Mrs. MeAuley says that a woman Is equipped hy nature and ner motherhood Instincts to wield a great Influence for good over any community frym the sheriff's office but says that she is not Inclined to run for reelection when her temporary appointment expires next January. in the meantime she has adopted the policy of being present at every raid and arrest made. Her office staff consists of three male deputies and she admits that most of the work of making the actual arrests will devolve on them, but, she asserts, It Is a sheriff's duty to be present when an arrest is made and she Intends to see that this is carried out. Mrs. MeAuley admits that the sheriff's office is just as much a man's, as any police commlssionershlp in any of the big cities but hopes to fill the Job satisfactorily despite her sex, ; * fbtir Skfofis So and Smooth Each cake of Cashmere Bouquet Soap holds the perfume of a thousand fragrant petals. For three generations, lovely women have enjoyed its purity. A sensible recipe for lovely complexions rain water and this pure soap. COLGATE'S Cashmere Bouquet Soap h fs sue . syc size*, ioc Catering to the Trade. "The man who opened that new candy store on Main street must be an enterprising chap and right up with the times." "Why sor "He filled a window fan of benbona and stuck a sign on top reading 'Flapper Feed.'" No improvement. "I can't see that changed tbe complexion of politic*.1 ••>}o?" "It's still spotty."---] ham Age-Herald. One doesn't need philosophy to port his spirit through lite; be nmSi to be busy. SAY "BAYER" wh£n you buy Aspirin. ( .Unless you see name "Bayer" on tablets, you are not getting the genuine Bayer product prescribed by physi- Clans, over ^2 ^ears and proved by millions Colds Toothache Earache Headache Meuralgia Lumbago Rheumatism Neuritis Pain, Pabf1 Accept only "Bayer" package which contains proper directions. Bandy "Bayer" boxes of 12 tablet*--Also bottles of 24 and 100--DrugAtst 4aplr!n ta tb* tnd* mark of Bayer MiUMMw IfooMottlcMldctter of BiUaUwM Find Mastodon's Bones in Texafc Wichita Falls, Tex.--What are believed to be fragments of a mastodon's bones have been unearthed by oil drillers in Gray county. The fragments were found imbedded in a "strata" of dry sand and are large enough to indl* cate they were a part of a skeleton of a prehistoric monster. What, Indeed7 He--What does a movie hero think about? Bo--What does ha think with? Fdur-Year-0W Maine Girl Speaks Three Languages Windham, Me.--Understanding French, 8panlsh and English, able to name the states of the country, cities and towns of Maine, and to give prompt answers to geographical questions. Mabel Edith Greenlaw, four, is hailed as the child prodigy of this section. 8be started to walk when she was seven months old. She Is particular about her grammar, and does not hesitate to make corrections In the speech of those within her bearing. > •••-! «, El Centro, Cal.--A spectacular eruption of the mud geysej» in Salt sea, near here, sent mud, smoke and steam 200 feet Into the air. according to the report here of a number of persons who witnessed the phenomenon. The eruption came without warning and continued 20 minutes. THIS BOY STUDENT IS A MARVEL At Age of Seven Weil Several Sciences. in Astounds Psychologists of University ff° California by Answers to Binet* Simon Mentality Tests--Is Mayflower Descendant. Los Angeles.--William Elliot Brad ford, who is but seven years of age, is in the fifth grade of the Woodcrest school, and recently astounded a group of psychologists at the University of California, southern branch, by his success in answering the Stanford university revision of tbe Blnet-Slmon mentality tests. These scientists found that topping William's seven-year-old body is a brain of. a boy twice that age. While reading a poem for the psychologists he came across tbe word "voluptuous." They asked him to go to a blackboard and write it Without hesitating or stopping to look at the wt.rd twice, be went to the board and wrote the word correctly. When the boy was two years of age he could put together the sections of a jigsaw puzsle map of the United States correctly in a few moments. But the thing which most amazed his mother, Mrs. Edith Eddy Bradford, was his memorization of the poem, x fiirfrbara Frletchie," by Whittler, at "M/the age of six. The boy's favorite studies are ancient history, zoology and natural history. Miss Jessamine Crapser, principal of the Woodcrest school, said that William is qualified mentally to enter the eighth grade. His great, great, ever-so-great-grandfather, William Bradford, came over In the Mayflower and was the first governor of Plymouth colony. Versatility of Etching. The needle is tbe crayon; the acid adds color. The needle is something all the more eloquent because its means of expression are confined within more restricted limits. It is familiar and lively In the sketch, which by a very little must say a great deal; the sketch is the spontaneous letter. It all but reaches the highest expressions when it is called in to translate a grand spectacle, or one or those fugitive effects of light which nature seems to produce but sparingly, so as to leave to art the merit of fixing them.--Maxlme Lalaiwe, Ja Use of Etching." ; ' ^ t 'Si Two-thirds of the bread cast upon the waters Isn't returnable. liil Strain Was Too Great. MA newspaper paragrapher was ca$* ' ried off to a sanitarium the ether da^ a complete wreck." "Overwork?" \' HYoa might call It that He made a solemn vow to go a week without writing a paragraph about Lloyd George, Lenin and Trotzky or any on* of the reigning movie stars. At the end of the fourth day be broke dow* and wept like a child."--Birmingham Age-Herald. It tapt so much what ft Is how he feels toward you, makes hlin good company. Regi^ cretion. never yet headed off intf» "Eden," In the means "delight." original Hebrew, me*"1 General MyAndrew's Body at War College of Maj. Gen. James William McAndrew, the first great American general WorM war to 41% arriving at the War college, Washington, where it rested In state beneath the rotunda. The body was met at the War college by General Pershing (standing before the hearse) and Brig. Gen. Edward F. McGlachlin, Jr„ commandant of the War college. i >S'i Highest Quality--Lowest Prices entire Goodyear effort of manj years has been toward one result-*;..sv the tire buyer's advantage. Goodyear has taken two metbodMUti achieve that result. • r-. One has been to raise the quality of OopdlftM Yhe other, to lower Goodyear pricca, > ^ Goodyear has succeeded In both--to your great advantage. 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