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THE MCHENRY PI^AINDEALER, MCHENRY, nx. 5 '* V'^ ' *!' • '<**> i: 5?"- :v-- ' '*•.&« ' 'T'*~ * B V? i Will the States Ratify Constitutional ' Amendment Proposed By Congress ~ Bv NLOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN A RKANSAS, first of the states to take action on the proposed child ' labor amendment to the Constitution, has ratified It by a close vote: 45 to 40 In the house and 15 I to 13 In the senate. Ratification by 35 other states Is necessary to make the amendment a part of the Constitution. Will they ratify? Nobody knows*' Everyone expects nation-wide discussion--which is already on --and an exciting contest with wide ramifications which Involve questions of national Importance other than child labor. Georgia has Just overwhelmingly defeated ratification. " The purpose of this article is purely informative. The resolution proposing the amendment was passed by the house April 26 and by the senate June 2. The amendment reads: Section 1. The congress shall have power to limit, regulate and prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen years of age. Section 2. The power of the several states is unimpaired by this article, except that the operation of state laws shall be suspended to the extent necessary to give effect to legislation enacted by th* congress. . Ratification will not five us an anti-child labor law. Ratification will be In effect an enabling act giving congress the power to pass enforcing legislation. Two acts by congress, as everyone knows, have been passed in an attempt to prohibit child labor and have been declared unconstitutional by the!" Supreme court. The reasons of the court for this action show why It seenjed necessary to congress to approach the Question from a different angle and to propose the amendment In its present form. It will be remembered that the act of September, 1916, undertook to prohibit child labflt by prohibiting transportation in interstate commerce of goods made in factories where child labor was used. The Supreme court held this act unconsti-_ tutional because it exceeds the constitutional authority of congress. Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinion and used the following language: In our view the necessary effect of this act Is. by means of a prohibition against the movement in interstate commerce of ordinary commercial commodities, to regulate the hours of labor of children In factories and mines within the states, a purely state authority. Thus the act in a two-fold sense is repugnant to the Constitution. It not only transcends the authority delegated to congress overcommerce, but also exerts a power as to a purely local matter to which the federal authority does not extend. The far-reaching result of upholding the Act cannot be more plainly Indicated than by pointing out that if congress can thus regulate matters entrusted to local authority by prohibition of the movement of commodities in interstate commerce. all freedom of commerce will be at an end: and the power of the states over local matters may be eliminated, and thus our • system of government be practically destroyed. The act of Feb. 24, 1919, undertook to prohibit child labor by imposing a tax of 10 per cent of the net profits of th« year upon an employer using child labor. The Supreme court held It unconstitutional on the ground that "It Is not a valid exercise by congress of its powers of taxation under United States Constitution, Article 1, Secjtion^, but is an unconstitutional regulation Dy the use of the so-called tax as a penalty of the employment of child labor In the states, which, under United States Constitution* tenth amendment, is exclusively a state function.'* The judiciary committee of the house of representatives found four reasons why this legislation should be enacted: First, because in some states a single industry was so powerful as to prevent the enactment of a child-labor law, or Its enforcement after enactrnent; second, because consumers are unwilling to use the products of chi\d labor; third, because manufacturers object to the competition of those who rely upon low wages paid to children as the basis of their profits; and fourth, because states have been unable to protect their consumers and manufacturers. y The judiciary committee of the senate, after exhaustively considering five amendments Introduced by as many senators, reported out an amendment in slightly different form from that finally adopted, as follows: "Article.--The congress shall have tbe power, concurrent with that of the several states, to limit or prohibit the labor of persons ' Under eighteen years." The report, commenting on this proposed amendment, sets forth clearly the attitude of the committee on the question of child labor. It says. In one part: First It cannot be questioned bcft that It is a paramount duty of government to guard and protect the welfare of its children to th# end that thejr may have the utmost opportunity possible to attain the maximum development of their moral, intellectual, and physical beings. This is manifestly tha due of all children since they are brought into the world without their volition, entirely helpless and dependent. But this is not alone simple Justice to Childhood. It is also of the greatest importance ,to every state that Its citizens should attkin the highest development above Indicated. And It may be observed that while under our dual system of government the power and duty to make adequate provision by law for the accomplishment of those most desirable ends are now vested in the several states, nevertheless it is as Important to the national government as it Is to the government of every state that Its citirenry be afforded every opportunity for legitimate development, and that such development should neither be stunted nor destroyed. Herein there lies the Justification for the government of the United States in asking of the states that upon It be conferred power concurrent with their own to legislate upon this matter so vital to both. If the states shall have passed appropriate laws. It Is "safe to say that any legislation of congress will march side by side with such laws. If a state has been unmindful of Its duty, then such congressional legislation will work no Injury but rather a positive benefit to the state itself as^well as to the national government. E^iscussing tbe form that the propofed amendment" should take, tbe report, says, among other things: Unquestionably it should take the form of a grant of power, and unquestionably the limitations of that power should be precisely defined. Beyond peradventure It should contemplate thV future as well as the present. Indisputably It should be a power concurrent with that of ihe states, since its purpose is not to deprive the utaWftf aViyof their powers but only to confer like powek&/on the national government. Still further, it will not be questioned but that "Wat power should be given to control, regulate, or even to prohibit the use of such labor in all cases where the character of the labor is dangerous In Itself or may become dangerous through the Inexperience or heedlessness of childhood; where In Itself or In its surroundings It Is detrimental to the physical or moral welfare of ctvUdhood, or where It is in character too onerous for the growing bodies of youth. Equally manifest is It that in all occupations where child labor Is permitted, legislative authority should have a determinative voice as to the terms, times, conditions and environment . of Its use--such as day and night work, reasonable hours, dangerous machinery, hygienic conditions and the like. The report In Several places emphasizes the fact that the amendment Is not designed lb deprive the states of any of their police powers but only to wve tbe states confer on the national government States New England ..... Middle Atlanfte .. En»t North Central Went North Central Soutli Atlantic ... K»»l South Central AVe«t South Ceatral Mountain 18,613 1'aclflc 1S.1SS .69,239 131,541 100.sot S7.906 27SJW1 221343 184.307 l£ CHILDREN IN GAINFUL. OCCUPATION. 1920 CENSUS Total R.oya I'er Glrln Per Total 10-IK Ct. 10-15 84.468 9. A 34.771 77.031 6.4 54,510 4.6 11.0 72,401 6.3 28,400 3Ji 8.7 45.845 6.1 12.061 1.6 7.7 181.430 18.9 92.551 9.7 38.6 151.775 33.7 69.567 11.1 34.8 125,630 17.3 58,637 8.3 35.4 13,515 6.3 3,097 1.6 7.9 13,153 5.0 3.016 1J " «? GIRLS AND BOYS, 10 TO 15. IN SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS Farming, aterk-raUini;, gardening, lumbering, ete. . . 647,309 Coal, gold, allver and copper-mining, quarrying, etc. 7,191 Manufacturing and mechanical Industries 185,337 Laborer*. In telephoning, telegraph leasengera. teamsters, phauffeura, etc 18,913 Clerku, newsboys, salesmen, ete. <3,368 Public service *. ,1,130 Actor*, muslclana, ete. 3,465 Bootblacks. In elevatera. Janitors, In laundries, bfll boys, chant bermalda, etc. ............... 54,OOfl Agents, collectors, bookkeepers. Messengers, stenograpbers. In ofBcea, ete. 80,140 the right to exercise sfmllar powers. And it says: "That in so doing they will not deprive themselves of any of their own powers, as ns&y be taken as conclusively adjudicated by the Supreme court of the United States in the case of United States vs* Lansa, decided December 11, 1922." Discussing the question of the age limit, the report says: ' An age limit Is declared. It unquestionably would havt been simpler to have provlde4 for the regulation and prohibition of the labor of children and to have stopped there. But your committee became convinced that in asking for thla it might fall utterly. A marked difference of opinion was developed at the hearings before the subcommittee. It being argued on the one hand that after eighteen years of age, girls and boys had passed the period of dependency and were physically and , mentally capable of fending for themselves, so that the power to protect them which was sought by the amendment could safely be limited }o the indicated age; while, on the Other hand, it was argued that many cases and classes merited protection after the age fixed, and that as the State's police power embraced the protection of its children during the period of their nonage and up to the instant of their majorities It was rea- . sonable to ask that identical police power be conferred on the national government. Reason Is found in both points of view. But your com', fftlttee finally concluded to Insert the eighteen-year limitation; because such limitation would certainly embrace the vast majority of cases calling for protection and remedial ' legislation, while the exceptional cases calling for legislation after the age might arise In one state and not in another, and therefore might safely be left to the wisdom -of each state. The federal child labor laws declared void by the Supreme court fixed certain simple standards that have been recognized as measures on which to base reforms. They declared that uo child under fourteen should be employed in any mill, cannery, workshop, factory or manufacturing etsahllshment; that no child between fourteen and sixteen should be employed in such establishments for more than eight hours a day, or forty-eight hours a week, or at night, and that no child under sixteen should be employed In any mine or quarry. In Arkansas, first state to ratify, 19 per cent of the total child population Is employed contrary to the federal standards. In Georgia the per cent is 21, in Alabama and South Carolina 24, in Mississippi 26. Of all the states only eighteen come up to the level set by these standards. They are Massachusetts, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Oregon, Montana, Minnesota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennesseee, Alabama. West Virginia, New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. In all bat three states a minimum age for work in factories has been established; it is set at fourteen or over with exemptions In certain occupations. Six states have higher than a fourteenyear minimum. In more than half the states there has been a tendency to establish a sixteen-year minimum for mines. As for the length of the working day, thirty-five states and the District of Columbia have an eight-hour day applying to children up to sixteen in both factories and stores. The same number prohibit children under sixteen years of age from engaging in night work in factories and stores. The iufoortance of physical examination is more and more stressed, and twenty-two states made it mandatory before a child can receive his working certificate. Another important standard Is that of educational requirements. Only thirteen states exact the completion of at least the eighth grade' as a condition. The laws of eighteen states and the District of Columbia have no education requirements at all. They demand only that before going to work the child mn*t be able to, read and write. • , . Wiley H. Swift, director of the department of legislation and investigation of the National Child Labor committee, has analyzed the congressional vote which passed the amendment resolution, with the Idea of forecasting the action of the several legislatures. According to his analysis thirty states are for ratification. Seven are opposed--Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland and North and South Carolina. Eleven states are divided-- Texas, Idaho, Utah, Delaware, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Ratification therefore depends upon favorable action In six of .the' eleven Estates divided against themselves. Mr. Swift was correct as to Georgia; Its legislature has Just overwhelmingly refused ratification. The legislature of Rhode Island (for ratification) Is In session, but the Republican senators have gone on a political strike and are in Massachusetts. Several legislatures had met and adjourned before June 2; these will meet next In 1926. Several took no action. The legislatures of thirty-six states will meet in 1925. Alabama's does not meet till 1927. The amendment hats the endorsement of twentyfive national organizations of men and women. It is opposed ljy several organizations. Opposition may also be expected from sev ernl sources. Some manufacturers, will oppose it, as will some farmers. Adherents to the doctrine of sta/e rights may be expected to be against 1L Some who are against child labor per se will never* Jlheless work against ratification because opposed to further amendment of the Constitution and Increase of executive bureaus. Some are afraid of the eighteenyear limit / The Republican platform urges "prompt consideration of that (child labor) amendment by the legislators of the various 'states." fh e Democratic platform says, "Without the votes of the Democratic members of the Congress tlie child labor amendment would not have been submitted for ratification." ""The LaFollette platform demands >:• Good for Live Stock Undesirable Farm Product. 80reenlnes 0811 ** removed from wheat » or rye at a cost of 2 or 3 cents per Consisting Principally of Various Weed Seeds. (Prepared by the United state Department of 'Agriculture.) There are a dozen reasons why screenings should be separated on the farm and fed tt^llve stock, says the United States Department of Agriculture. Screenings are an undesirable farm product, consisting principally of weed seeds, cracked and shrunken kernels of grain, chaff, broken stems, and straws, dirt and other foreign material, and often constitute 10 to 20 per cent of the grain as It comes from the thresher. They should not, however, be regarded as a waste, but should be turned to valuable account by feeding them to live stock. Gives Screenings Away. When screenings are Sold with the grain they are classed as dockage, and the grain farmer actually gives them •way, because his grain Is docked according to the proportion of screenings it contains. This loss to the grain farmer mounts to huge figures when large sections are considered. In 1023, for example, nearly 12,000,000 bushels of screenings were produced, threshed and marketed as dockage In the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota and Montana. The sum of $67j,000 was paid by the farmers of these states for threshing their screenings or dockage, and $S00,000 was paid to the railroads for hauling It to . the terminal markets. Millions of dollars' worth of good feed was thus given away. The grain farmer was the loser. The average screenings are more nearly equal to oats In composition than any other common feed. Heavy screenings from which the chaffy material has been removed are nearly equal to corn, wheat, or barley In the percentages of the various nutrients. More than 3,500,000 lambs could have been fed with the wheat screenings that were wasted in the four springwheat states in 1923 forming the entire grain ration.. The resulting Increase In weight of the lambs, at 12 cents per pound, would have brought $8,500,000 to the farmers. The springwheat farmers who cleaned their market wheat on the farm in 1923 gained over 3 cents per bushel as a result of the cleaning. Can Remove Screenings. When a farmer who grows little or no grain wants to feed screenings, he must pay high prices for them in a ready-mixed feed, or must purchase them of the elevator or mill that has separated them. The grain farmer, on the other hand, can separate them at the thresher or granary and feed them as a by-product of his farm. He pays no freight or middleman's commission. By means of a cleaning machine, the bushel. A number of these cleaning machines will be In operation in the spring-wheat states this year as a result of the work of the United States Department of Agriculture in showing the feeding value of this product for all kinds of live stock and the practicability and economy of separating It and feeding It on the farm. Legumes Have High Need for Application of Lime Best returns are secured from lime, by using it for legume crops such as alfalfa or the clovers, says P. F. Schowengerdt, extension soils specialist of the Missouri College of Agriculture. This is true because the legumes have a higher heed for lime than any other farm crops grown in this section and because the nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with these crops require a sweet soil In which to do their work. When lime is applied and* the growth of these soil building crops made more successful the succeeding crop yields are also increased. If, on the other hand, the lime were applied for grain crops alone the return would oe much smaller. Wherever farmers apply lime on wheat land In the next fall or winter they should, by all meanf, sow clover the next spring, for In doing so they will take advantage of their best chance for a profit from liming. Many experiments In Missouri show that lime has Increased the yield of clover hay enough to pay the cost of liming under present economic conditions. The Increased yields of corn, oats and wheat following the clover have constituted a good net profit above the expense o* liming. 1 One thing they like that's good for them It sometimes seems the things that children like the moat are just tbe ones it is best they shouldn't have. But here is one exception-- Farm House Cocoa. Because it is pure and healthful, you can saiely give them all they want. As a daily health drink for the children, use Farm House Cocoa, made with milk. It is smooth and rich and creamy. All children like it- And you know they're getting just what growing bodies need. Most all good grocers sell it. Why not order some today? AMERICAN PROCESS COCOA for W years NOTE; II7 ou prefer Dutch process coco*, •lway* ask for Monarch. Tnit choice cocoa i« a true quality product, altho priced oausually low. Use it as a beverage tad lex all cooking. REID, MURDOCH fit CO. Est*kti»kt4 IS53 Ctriraao--Boston-Plttiburih-Ntw Yocfc ,, - ii Just Supposing Maud--"He hadn't the face to kiss me." Mabel--"I suppose yon hadn't the face to tempt him ?" Of all people children are die moat imaginative. Work of Canning Clubs Farm girls and boys canned more than 1.84S.000 quarts of fruits, vegetables, fish, and meats In 1923 unJer the direction of co-operative extension workers, according to reports to the United States Department of Agriculture, practicing the latest improved methods both for their own training and as a demonstration for the benefit of their neighbors. Cost Less Fresh Water for Hogs Plenty of pure, fresh water during the summer should be provided for hogs, if their owners expect them to do best. Dirty, stagnant water lowers the vitality of the hog and causes digestive disorders. Water from dirty wallows and mudholes is usually heavily contamiated with worm eggs, which are taken in when the - hog drinks such water. SPECIALISTS MAKE STUDY OF POISONOUS CAMAS PLANT It Affects Sheep More Than Any Other Animal. (Prspansd by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Specialists of the United Mates Department of Agriculture engaged in the study of plants poisonous to live stock have recently completed a study of the meadow death camas, known scientifically as Zygadenus venenosus, which they say Is one of four species most likely to be encountered by stockmen using the western range. The other species are grassy death camas, foothill death camas, and mountain death camas. The species known as "meadow" is characteristic of the states bordering on the Pacific oceun. It affects sheep more than any other class of animals, but horses are poisoned by it and sometimes killed. While It Is poisonous to cattle few are Injured uader range conditions, and swine are probably not harmed at all because they promptly expel the plant >by vomiting if they do eat it. This species of death camas has about the same poisoning power as the grassy death camas and these two are three times as toxic as tlie foothill variety and seven tlrhes as toxic as the mountain death camas. Although it takes about the same quantity of meadow camas n: grassy catqas to produce symptoms (ft poisoning it takes much more of It to produce death. Grassy death camas is the most dangerous, followed by Total 1,060,858 "Prompt ratification of the child labor amendment and subsequent enactment of a federal law to protect children in IniBstry." v.- "v Maine Fishermen "Think Up a Few 99 The following conversation was heard at the lodge at Damariscotta just before the meeting was called to order Tuesday night: "Joe" Hatch asked George W. Singer how he was getting on with his cottage at Biscay pond. "Oh, pretty well," was the reply, "I got two pickerel out there today. I was fishing with a piece of fish's oap* tbg a tf ekerei MM day last week and a monstrous big brute came up close to the punt and winked at me. Then he began " to push the bait around, spit on It and do all kinds of stunts with It, except to bite it. Then he backed up near the boat. He had a tail as big as my two hands and he flipped about a teacupful of water right in my eye and then scooted. I got a few live minnows of Woodia Oliver at th# mill* resterday and I've been working hard all day to coax him out. I got one that weighed most four pounds, but I won't be satisfied till I get that big brute that insulted me!" " "They do grow big in that pond," said Blue Hitchcock. "One awful hot day I was, sculling across the pond when a big pickerel granted the paddle right out of my hand^, I hadn't a spare paddle and there^Tasn't any wind. That was early In the morning and It was most night before I drifted ashore in a eftra. The first thing I saw In the pads was my paddle with the end all chewed up and absolutely ruined. It was a white oak paddle that I valued highly." "Joe" Hatch then put his cod in the stove and started to tell a story, but Itoy called the lodge to order.-- Lewlston (Maine) Journal. " A lj)04)-to-l Unfortunately, there are 1,000 ways In which to spend money and only one way to save It.--New Orleans Plcay- Inoculating Legumes Is Not Difficult Process To inoculate legumes procure the dirt from the roots of legumes showing abundant nodule development, taking care that the rays of a bright sun do not strike it (1 quart for e^jch bushel of seed). For soy beans get dirt from beans, for alfalfa and sweet clover get dirt either from alfalfa or from sweet clover. AlloW the dirt to dry In a sack or a covered box, work It from time to time and finally pulverize it to a complete dust. Dissolve six ounces of carpenter's glue In one gallon of water. Spread the seed on a tight floor In a room with the windows partly darkened. Sprinkle on the glue solution until the seed „ls barely moist, stirring thoroughly with a garden rake. Then sprinkle on slowly the dirt dust, stirring continually with the rake until the glue solution has hardened. This will leave every seed covered with the dirt dust carrying the nltrogenfixlne bacteria. The seed thus prepared may be seeded at once-or sackcil nnd set aside for a or before seeding. Carp should be taken that'the seed & "uniformly covered as soon as possible following the seeding, as bright sunlight would destroy the Inoculation, meadow death camas and foothill death camas which are about equally potent In producing death. The results of this investigation, which was carried on by C. D. Marsh and A. B. Clawson of the bureau of animal Industry, have been published In Department Bulletin No. 1240 which may be had upon request by those Interested In the details of tbe investigation. Champions coat less and there Is no better spark plug. Champion X is 60 cents. Blue Box 75 cents. The manufacturing economies „ resulting from making two-thirds ' of all the spark plugs produced *-#re passed on to the car owner. V Champion Spark Plug Co* Toledo, Ohio C H A M P I O N Dtpfdmtl* fmw f •ttf Soy Beans Prefer Heavy Soil and Much Moisture Soy beans prefer the heavier, dark soils and will stand a great deal of moisture, but if this soil remains wet during the season It should be drained. The soy beans should be properly Inoculated, which is best done by mixing three or four quarts of soil secured from a well-inoculnted field with each bushel of the seed. Prepare the soil as for corn and sow any time after corn planting, using an early variety. It Is believed that the early plantings do better, however, and we would advise that this field be planted as soon as the soli can be gotten ready. If the soil Is sour It should be limed and If it has not been fertilized recently It should receive about 100 pounds of acid phosphate per acre. District Manager . " Wanted Twostial opportunity for ambitious anft dependable man. No Investment-- par weekly--complete co-operation. Sale^ experience valuable, but not necessary Write today for particulars. MOORE ft CO.. NKWAHK. If. T. Banish Pimples By Using Cuticura Soap to Cleanse Ointment to Heal Try our new ShaTfaig Stick. Killing Wild Garlic A successful method of eradicating wild garlic is by spraying with orchard heating oil or waste motor oil. which should be easily procured from garages. This waste oil should be diluted with kerosene until It Is^thln enough to permit spraying with a small pressure sprayer, but not so thin that It will readily run off the plants. First, strain the oil through several thicknesses of cheesecloth, and then apply It as a fine mist. FOR OVER 200 TEARS haarlem oil has been a worldwide remedy for kidney, liver and bladder disorders, rheumatism, lumbago and uric acid conditions. HAARLEM Ou correct inter s ubles, stimulate vital organ*. Three sixes. All druggists. Insist on the original genuine GOLD MEDAL. Better Than Pills- For Liver Ills, The reason Provide Shade for Chicks When chicks are reared in an outdoor brooder It should be placed where It will not be affected by the heat of ! the sun. If the sun shines through the glass It Is Impossible to regulate the lamp blaze and Insure steady heat Chicks also need shade on the range. Shelters of branches or of burlap stretched on a lath frame will answer the purpose. Keep them bdsy scratching for their living bf burying the grain In deep litter. «fO/c//vV Time to Cull Poultry ** August and September are tile months in which to cull the poultry flock. Af^thls time of the year It Is easy to tell the layers from the liars, j Hens culled out during these two ' months bring the highest market price of the year. Culling then avoids feeding the loafers until next spring and insures the flock master of having none but the cream of the4 hens from which to get nert spring's hatching eggs. NR Tdnisjht _ Tomorrow Alright OLD SORES, PILES AND ECZEMA VANISH Good, Old, Reliable Peterson'! Ointment a Favorite Remedy. "Had 5X ulcera ou my legs. Doctor# wanted to cut oft leg. Peterson s Ointment cured me."--Wm. J. Nichoa. Wilder Street. Rochester. N. T. Get a large *>ojl tor cents at any druggist, says Peterson, of Btiffalfl* H. Y.. and money baok if It lan't thdi best you ever used. Always keep terson's Ointment in tHe hou»«\ Flo# for burna. scalds, brulaoa. sunburn, aas th« sur«at remedy for Itchln* ecsam* and piles the world haa ever known. BK-tl'Tim. EltiHTY-AClUJ 1>A1KY r.UUt, W«n improve!. 1^"?- Mtton. rich »>it. vrtc« muomblf. For turthae, ^formation writ* C. Hlracta. ^ ^ it N, MHICAOO, NO. 33~1KML