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McHenry Plaindealer (McHenry, IL), 21 Mar 1877, p. 3

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v • - r O Z I A R K ' I " 0 J . T . " S P ( H I L C O T T O N . How aftd Where it is Made--Tht Clark Thread Company--Largest Works in the New Worlds- Acres of Splendid Build­ ings--Forests of Won­ derful Machinery. The Process of Manufacture. Down in the Cotton Fields*--The Employes' Societies--The Clark Hose Company--A Grand Relief Society-- Employees' Centen­ nial Excursion-- The Renowned Eureka Club and Thistle Band. MANY ISTERESTINtt PARTICULARS. {From the EMM Count; PKH, Newark, N. J.J At the foot of Clark street, in the Eighth ward of the city of Newark, on the banks of the P&saaic, occupying several acres of ground, upon which are buildings the flooring of which measures nearly eight acres, are situated the largest thread works in the New World, em­ ploying about fifteen hundred hands and pay­ ing out every two weeks from sixteen to twenty thousand dollars in wages, to be distributed by the employes among different classes and occu­ pations in the city, and from fifteen to twenty thousand per month to other parties here, who, in various ways, are connected with this vast establishment. Although having the largest pay-roll of any employers in New Jersey, and contributing more to the welfare and prosperity of the city than all its financial institutions oombined, we hear less in the newspapers of this world of wealth-makers than of some second-class money-lending shop on Broad street. It would be useless for any one to at­ tempt to trace to their source all the varied in­ dustries which have entered into the produc­ tion of Clark's "O. N. T." Spool Cotton, which is sold by every merchant dealing in dry goods, fancy goods, hosiery, notions, etc., in the Uni­ ted States, and contains two hundred yards of that indispensable article, stroug, smooth and beautiful. It is made up of NLABIA' FORTY-TWO MILLION DOCBI.ING8, and yet is so fine ns to be hardly visible a few inches from the naked eye. The immense capi­ tal invested in The Clark Thread Company's Works, and the vast volume of business, amount- ing to several millions per annum, extending to every part of the United States, is one of the principal sources of Newark's prosperity. What it is £nd the blessings which flow from it are not realized by one in a thousand of the people who dwell within the sound of their tower belL Notwithstaiiding the large amount of money which the establishment was to pour into the hands of every merchant and trader in the city, as events have shown, the first thing which the City Fathers did when these works were being erected was to tax the brinks and material not Q^ntwl intft linilJiiimi W Ma ran a. IUKwith the intelligence and appreciation of the REAL SOURCES OF WEALTH, usually exhibited by the average politician. Had it been some trost company or curbstone broker that asked exemption, it would proba­ bly have been granted. Some idea of the value of these works to the community may be had by an illustration of a tiling which might really happen at any time. The Clark Thread Com­ pany employ, as stated, about fifteen hundred persons, paying out to them sixteen to twenty thousand dollars every two weeks. These hun­ dreds of hands pay out that money to the butcher, the baker, the grocer, the clothier, the dry-goods merchant, and all who have any­ thing to sell get a part of it in some way, either ' directly or indirectly. From their hands it goes to i»ay debts, meet obligations1 and fill thje channels of trade with the circulating medium called money, and which is to business what blood is to the human system, giving it life, animation and power, fi^ppcre to-night ttwJSi J - r - g ? y ' , ' ' ^ DI>hniOTED BY F1BE. ' They are fully insured. The Clark Thread Company receive their insurance in cash from their underwriters. They say to themselves: "Business is dull, sales are uncertain, profits are small, the future is unknown, and our taxes are heavy. The vast business requires close attention and persistent energy. We will not take this money and rebuild the works, but adopt the plan pursued by most moneyed men, viz : go to Washington, buyjGovernment bopds, bring them home, put them in a tin box, pay no taxes, and sit down to take our ease, eat, drink and be merry, with no thought of care, supported in luxury without risk by the interest on our bonds, paid by taxation of the producing classes." Can any man calculate the wide­ spread ruin which would follow such a calamity and course of action by The Clark Thread Com­ pany ? It would be incalculable. All those people who earned money to purchase what they wanted to buy would be added to the fist of paupers who to-day clamor for work or bread. Misery, want, STARVATION AJFP CRIME would be the fruit of »uch a course. But this. is exactly what lias been done throughout the country, and explains why one in twelve in New­ ark are to-day supported by the city. The pro­ ductive capital of the country, which employed our now idle millions, has - been put into Gov­ ernment bonds, and appalling destitution and want are 011 every hand, andincxeasing at a fearful rate. Labor is the source of all wealth and prosperity, and there is no loss equal to that which follows enforced idleness of the produc­ ing classes. There is no music so full of joy and peace and good will to men as the song of labor and the music of machinery. Better far that all other songs be hushed and every note be stilled, rather than those, and to them we now introduce the reader. ON THE DOCK , of The Clark Thread Company, which is fiye hundred feet long, is a mountain of. two or three thousand tons of coal, drawn out of boats at the wharf by a donkey engine, and the bales of cotton find their way from the same wharf to the brick house for the storage of that precious material, one pound of which will make one hundred miles of thread, containing about forty-two million doublings. The mind cannot grasp the numerical fact. But four grades of cotton are ordinarily used in the manufacture of Clark's " O. N. T." Spool Cotton, and known as "Sea Island Cotton." This comes prin­ cipally from South Carolina, and is grown •on the small inlands along the coast. Con­ siderable is raised on the peninsulas. and around the bays and inlets, but it is not equal to that of the sea islands, which is the finest in the world. The first bag of this sea island cot­ ton of the crop of 1876 was purchased by the Clark Thread Company at fifty cents per pound. The inland cotton is not used in the manu­ facture of thread, being too short in the filler. On these sea islands were the richest planters of the South in THE OLD SLAVE DATS, many of them having as high as six hundred slaves, and compared with whom the feudal lords of England were children in luxury, hos­ pitality and elegance. But to-day all is changed. Those vast estates are cut up into small planta­ tions, many of them owned by the negroes, who now call no man master. They bring in their season's product, sometimes on a mule and again in large quantities. Brokers on the grOund or at the landings buy and pay the ne­ groes for their cotton, often dividing the money according to the labor performed in raising the crop. Some lease the land of the former own- erg. but the old state of things is "dun clar' gone." This trade and traffic, it may be fairly expected, will in a few years largely increase the wealth and intelligence of the race in these localities. THE SEA ISLAJit) COTTO* brings treble the price of inland, and ranges from thirty to ninety cents per pound, accord­ ing to grade. An acre will produce in the neighborhood of three hundred and fifty pounds of seed cotton, which when ginned weighs about seventy-five pounds, or one to five. The negroes, without doubt, will event­ ually grow all the cotton, as not one in five of the Northern men have thus far succeeded in their attempts. Let the reader remember that we have not looked at a single piece of ma­ chinery yet, and then calculate the number of people and the amount of wealth these works employ and produce, before we reach the fac­ tory. The sail, the mine, commerce and manu­ factures, all find employment to supply The Clark Thread Company's works, and when they stop the cotton may bloom and fall ua- pluckod, the coal miner may starve on a bed of black diamonds, the sails 011 the rivers be spread to the breeze no more, and the lathes in a hundred shops be left to rust in silence. The manufacture of Clark's " O. N. T." cotton embraces the island of the sea and penetrates the bowels of the earth, utilizing the treasures of wealth on every hand, enriching and bless­ ing mankind at e?ery step, from the womb of ages to the looms of Newark. We will now examine into the immediate sources of the power which drives the endless machinery of this vast hive of industry, with its sixty miles of belting and about seventy miles of steam pipe for heating purposes. WE ENTER THE ENGINE HOUSE,, itself large enough for an ordinary factory. Here is a mighty production of human brain and brawn. In the presence of this monster, with its majestic tread, one feels his own insig­ nificance and frailty. This vast piece of ma­ chinery, moving silently, save the sharp click of the improved steam cut-off^ is equal in power to the combined draught of six hundred horses, and is two engines in one, usually termed a denUi engine* The tly-wheel, traveling at the rate of forty-eight revolutions per minute and carrying three huge belts on its surface, each two feet wide, is seventy-eight feet in cir­ cumference, twenty-five feet in diameter, and weighs thirty tons, or sixty thousand pounds. The shaft is fourteen inches in thickness, the double cylinders are twenty-six inches in diame­ ter, with condensers, and a stroke of five feet. They were built by Corliss, in 1874. One of the three belts on the fly-wheel is one hundred and fifty feet in lengthy But even this donl It- monster could not run the works. It lia.* a I i,; twin brother, and together tbev travel every day for ten hours 011 their endless journey, and never get tired. They ore wonders of power and elegant workmanship, worthy of a visit from any one who want* to see the BIGGEST PAIR OF TWINS in New Jersey. They are supplied with steam from nine immense tubular boilers and four large upright boilers, Corliss' plan. They con­ sume tvwiity-five tons of ooal per Say. v. uioli .will ?;ive some ^"a ,,of amount of steam accessary to drive the immense establishment. Besides these there are three ordinary-sized engines, made by Watts, Campbell A Co., of Newark, in different parts of the works, making seven in all, a grand total of nearly fourteen hundred horse-power. The young mountain of ooal, which looks enough to last the whole city a year, is rebuilt by two hundred and fifty ton boat loads, at brief intervals. MANUFACTURING THE THREAD. The cotton is brought in bales to the mixing rooms, when it is examined and placed in bins, according to the different grades, ready for the scutching machines, which open and beat the | material, cleaning it from the dirt and sand it I contains in the bale. After going through the j scutching machine, it comes out in the shape j of a roll, like wall paper, comparatively soft, | white and clean. It is, however, really in a ; very rough state compared with the fineness j and perfection that is to be reached. Several of these scutching machines are running con- ' tinuallv. and their sound is like the roar of a | lightning express train as it whirls past the | platform where you stand. The first scutcher I is fed with the bale cotton from a hopper which [ lets it through into knives set in large rollers, J which revolve with tremehdous force, and lightning speed, picking the cotton into small pieces, and passing it by suction of air on to other rollers, between which it goes and comes out in the shape of a web or " lap" in large rolls. Four of these rolls are then placed upon a machine like1 the first and run together through the same process of PICKING AND BEATINOf AND CLEANING. when it oomes out again in the same shape as before, rolled to exactly the thickness which it is desired to make the " sliver" from which the thread yarn is to be spun. What a "sliver" is will be learned further on. The machine is so delicately set that it regulates the thickness of the web or lap to within half an ounce, in a web of five feet, weighing only twelve to eighteen ounces. After being put through three scutching machines in this way and com­ ing out with eight thicknesses of web or lap similar to that produced by the first process, it is ready for the carding machines. This de­ partment is filled with Carding Machines, Drawing Frames, Lappers, and Combing Ma­ chines, a perfect labyrinth of belting, pulleys and machinery, the noise of which is like the : roar or many waters mingled with the clatter of a thousand wheels. One of the large rolls j of web or lap that caine from the last scutching ; machine is placed on a carding machine, which | takes and runs it I BETWEEN THE TEETH j of a large and small cylinder for the purpose of I drawing out the entangled fibers and laying I them paral'el or in same line of direction and ! also to remove the small pellicles or motes j which may have escaped the action of the I scutching machine. After being treated in this way, a comber or doffer takes the web from the j small cylinder, which is now a delicate gauze ; ! and it is gathered up and passed through a i small hole, say half an inch in size, after which | jt is coiled in a revolving can. The whole pro- i oess is one of wonderful delicacy, the material : being so finely worked that a breath of air ! would break it. This card contains ninety thou­ sand square teeth to a foot, or a total of four million one hundred and eighty-six thousand. On the carding machine is a little joker that works like some old man, raising the wire-cov­ ered flats from the teeth of the carder, which it cleans, and throws off the particles of dirt and coarse cotton left on them. Six of the TIN CANS, CALLED CARD SLTVEER, in which the roll is wound are now taken to another machine called a Drawing Frame knd run together into one " Bliver." These six are so light that when they are passed together through a hole and made one, they fall into another sliver and are then no larger than one of the six from which it was ma<le. although they have not yet been twisted at all. Fonrtcei of these cans full of slivers are placed at tlu " Lapper" and run between two rollers, making a new web nine inches wide and half an inch thick, which comes out like., the original rol! frcm the scutching machine that takes the cot­ ton from the bales, only that now it is soft and delicate as is possible to conceive, weighing onlv one hundred and forty-five grains to the yard, nine inch&s wide. It now goes in rolls' to a wonderful little machine, a French invention, first introduced in this country by The Clark Thread Company. It is a refined carding ma­ chine, the product of which is as much superior in fineness to the large carders just described as the most elegant silk goods are to THE COARSEST COTTON CLOTH. It is called the French combing machine, and is only used by the best thread-makers, as it is very expensive and. wliilc it makes the thread superior in quality, it adds twenty jxr cent, to the cost of manufacture. Six of the rolls of webbing are now passed together through the combing machine between two rollers, and combed by innumerable steel teeth to the fine­ ness of gossamer and the thinness of a spider's web. It passes on, is gathered into one soft round "sliver" again, goes through rollers once more, when it is coiled into cans as before, with a loss of twenty per cent, on the mcterial which composed the web when it was put on the French machine. It is a texture so fine and soft that one cannot but wonder now it bears its own weight After the last process* six of the slivers are again put tlirough the drawing frame making one sliver no larger than any of the six from which it is drawn. Then six of these last are put through the same process reducing them in size six times, and adding that to the length. This is repeated three times, and each time they are coiled into cans. The last sliver is the same size and weight as when the process began, although doubled four hundred and thirty-five thousand four hundred and fifty-six times. The last cans are now taken to THE FIRST BLUBBING FRAME, from which cans they are passed through rollers, then twisted to about the size of a lead pencil, and wound on bobbins, all by the same machine. From this they go to the second Blubbing frame, where one liundred and two spindles on each machine are winding yarn from two hundred and four bobbins, which CMne from the first slubber, two threads being wound upon one spool. The next, or interme­ diate, stubbing machine winds upon one hun­ dred and seventy-six spoolB, from three hun­ dred and fifty-two bobbins, which came from the second slubber. The next and last is called the roving machine, and fills two hundred and forty spools, which came from four hundred and eighty bobbins, from the intermediate stub­ bing machine. By this repetition of doubling and twisting the yarn is fast becoming strong and hard. We now follow the yarn called | "roving" to the self-acting "mule," which ! makes eight hundred and forty threads of varn 1 from sixteen hundred and eighty bobbins. This . wonderful machine, two of which are operated j by one man, draws out the yarn and twists I it from sixteen hundred and* eighty spools, ! when it comes away, and on its return winds it j on eight hundred cops (spools) making the last number of tln-ead yarn. We now come to THE THREAD MILL, j which is a distinct and independent depart* ! menu The cottcn yarn comes here, and first j goes to the cop of winding machines, where it is run from the cops, through delicate balances, over soft felt ground, upon bobbins, two threads together unonone. From the cop winding de­ partment tne bobbins go to the slinging de­ partment, where the tv»%> threads that were run togef'»< r on the spool, in the cop winding de­ partment, are twisted ot spun ui one thread* flie thread, as it is unwound, runs through water, and rapidly over glass guides, and the bobbin which receives it revolves five thousand times per minute, twisting hundreds of threads on each machine. After being twisted two threads together, making one hard thread, three of the latter are ogam run together on a bobbin, the same as in the first cop winding department. Three of these are now twisted together, making six strands, and THE PROCESS OF TWISTING THEM is exactly the same as the one last described. It is known as the finishing twisting depart­ ment. When the thread comes from the fin- i si ling twisting department, it is inspected with the greatest care by skillful persons, and put through several tests before passing the reel­ ing department, to be wound in skeins for the bleach house. The machines in this depart­ ment are very curious, and daily turn out vast quantities of thread, which is packed, and given a through ticket to the bleach and dye houses. They measure off the tliread|into skeins of an exact length and size, and when they have reeled off just the right amount of varn, always stop, and, unlike some kind of yarners, they never forget to tell the same story'without variations. Again, after coming from the reels, THE THREAD IS CAREFl'LLY INKI'KCTED, the work employing several girls, who cut all the rough and imperfect thread from the hanks. After this second inspection, we find it next at the bleach house. Tne bleach :;tul dve houses are among the most interesting depart­ ments of this vast establishment, although not the most agreeable. The progress in wash­ ing machinery, that is here exhibited, would make our grandmothers think that the miilea- ium had come. The baby washer, as we call it. of this concern, is rather of a large child, whose place and uses will appear later. After the thread is Bent from the inspection department to the bleach aud dye houses, it is unpacked, counted and put into large tanks, immense loads at a time, and boiled by steam for several hours, which takes out the dirt and CLEANS IT PERFECTLY. It is then put through washings oft, and preparations wonderful and curious. 1 lie water used, we judge, would have increased the flood just alxmt enough to have .'ifted I Noah's ark from the snag on Mount Ararat. I Some of the wash tubs are of stone, and all are ! on a scale equal in magnitude to any of CoL Sellers' schemes for making millions. The I loads of thread ore put in and taken ont of ! boilers, rinsers, washers, dryers and half a 1 dozen other processes by machinery. Tllpn i after all this it goes right back to those huge j steam boilers, and the same thing is done over j again. The dry room is heated by seven thou- 1 sand live hundred feet of steam pipe, and can j be regulated to any desired temperature. After j leaving the reeling department, the thread ' that is to be colored goes to the dye house, and I that which is to remain white to the bleach j house. In the dve house'is the patent dyeing; machme, used only to dye black. It does the ; companies in the city of Newark is the •• Clark work far better than by hand, and is equal to ; Hose Company," organized May 15th. 1869. tne labor of more than a dozen men. ! There are twenty memVrs. employes of the ALL COLORS OF THREAD | factory, brave, active men. trained by frequent are made, _ ana the quantities of soaps, dye- , practice to their dutv. and proud of their com- •tuffs. and other material of the kind used, ire i pany and outfit Their e^i i^inent is as fol- jnmiense. iJgntv thousand gallons of water ; lows : Two hose carriages with wrenches, bars are consumed daily 1:1 the bleach hou«e alone, ' *- • v and one of the Artesian wells of The Clark and axes, carryii g s, yen hundred and fiftv feet of hose on reels and two pipes wit!; extra* noz- | THE NEW TC.R'K HON - . S At Nn. 4«i Iiroudway. com-i («| W*it&r street. New York, is the splciidid izyu-bUi -build- ing of (reorpp A. ("lark <t Brother, the -t iling agents of The Clark Thread Company, 't he entire five stories of their magnificent place are fitted up with every facility possible for the prompt transaction of their immense bu-dnettk OSE AUAIJiST FORTY. feet m diameter, of which Professor Maynard, \ one Cameron fire pump, one Worthiiigton. one the New lork chemist, said it produced the Watts A Campbell, and one Blake pump, one W?* 4* 1 r, he ever saw. It makes a man >. hundred and seventy-tight filled buckets in tmrsty to look at it. and is absolutely free from ; their proper places throughout the works, six- any Particles of matter, oy chemical test. The | teen hand pumps, sprinklers in all the rooms of thread is blued 011 a uig scale, which gives that • the cotton mill, the packing house, the machine band*omc tint so greatly admired by the ladies. | and ^carpenter shop and the drving rooms, llien it is committed to the tender mercies of • There nr.' also snrinkler« in tli» t«'n +r»i rirmrj the baby washer, which are cruel, and coes tlirough it ten times. The baby is built like an ordinary washing machine, but each of the rollers weighs a thousand pounds, an-', as the thread passes thrcu.;h the water intothe washer THEY HOP AND JUMP and pound with antics queer, but it does the business t'y r >nghly. Tliis was formerly done by the old-fashioned pounder and barrel* which <>ur grandmothers used to set us at when we were boys, bef ore going to school in the morning. Then it is drawn through the rinser, which is n simple aud novel machine, continually sup­ plied with pnre artesian well water. The tlu ead passes over a roller into the water,comes Up again over another roller, then down into the water, and up and down, and out and in, and out and up over the reels into great boxes on wheels, from which it is put into & large water extractor, a perforated hollow cylinder, revolving several thousand times per minute, and then it is transported to the drying room. In this way live hundred heads can be rinsed in four minutes, which used t& take an hour and a haif. Alter the thread has come out of the drying 100111, COLORgft OR UNCOLORED, it goes to the warerooms, where it is counted ana put in packages to be given out prepar­ atory to being wound upon spools for the market. The thread having reached this stage of perfection, has become very valuable and is There are also sprinklers hi the two top floors of the thread mill and in the warehouse, and there are thirty-five fire plugs or hydrants 011 the premises. Regular meetings are held on the second Monday in each month, and practice is had even- two weeks. Examination of all valves, hydrants, pumps and other equipments takes place on the first of c-a.'h month, and a minute report of the exact condition, pot-itiqn and effectiveness of the fire service is made to The Clark Thread Company. THE CLARK THREAD COMPANY RELIEF S<'.(1ET\. One of the best and most beneficial organi­ sations which constitutes a part of the svsttin and care of the Clark Thread Company for their employes, is the Relief Society. It was organized January 22d, 1870, for the purpose of providing a fund for the relief of those who might, bv accident or sickness, be incapacitated from sustaining themselves. All the employes of the comuanv must be members of the so­ ciety, and each recieves assistance when needed, from the fund according to the amount paid in, which must be at least one cent per week, but no one is permitted to pay in an amount which would draw, in case of sickness, more than half their average weekly wages. Every cent paid in draws seventy-five cents per week. The Clark Thread Company contributes five dollars per week to the fund without cessa­ tion, but ail others cease their contributions when the unexpended balaiice in th«> treasury reaches fifteen hundred dollars. When the fnnd is reduced to seven hundred dollars, pay- looked after with the greatest care. Tickets! nients are renewed. TBe payments into the direct it to its different departments and de- treasury average about nine months in the year, note its size, quality, etc. The inspection and • We hope that this humane and systematic testing of thread is one of the most important ! organization may find manv imitators features in its production, and it would sur-.l among the manufacturers of Newark and prise the lady who sews day after day with Clark's " O. N. T." spool cotton to know hv what patient and coustant care the perfect smoothness and regularity of the thread was secured. It is now taken "to the hank winding department aud wound upon large bobbins, when it is ready for its last wind upon the spools, from which it is taken by the consumers for its thousand uses of necessity and utility, from tying the rag on the boy's whittled and bloody finger, to the delicate embroidery of the wedding garment. TIIE srOOLI SO DEPARTMENT. The spooling room is a busy place, where spools of thread of all sizes and colors by tens of thousands are wound every day, two hundred yards on a spool. The self-acting spooling ma­ chine is a marvelous pievc of tuccnanistn. The spools are piaced in an iron gutter by the oper­ ator. wh«ii the machine picks them up, puts Uiem 011 a shaft eight at a time, winds the thread upon them at the rate of three thousand revolutions IXT minute, cuts a little slot in the edge of the spool, catches the thread in it, nips it off, drops the SJKH>1S full of thread into )>oxes below, picks up eight more empty spool*, places, winds and drops them as before, ana never makes a mistake. The machine, which is used in this countrv only by The ('lark Thread "'Company, w as exhibited* by them at the Centen­ nial, ana, with their magnificent case of goods, was one of the great attractions among the many wonders of the exhibition. From the spooling department, the spooled thread is taken to THE WAREROOM, where the beautiful little label containing the uame, number^ etc., of the thread, is put 011 by girls. The quickest of them will put labels on the ends of niue or ten thousand in a day, all of which have to be moistened by the tongue, placed 011 the spool, and then struck with the nai3u$ to paste it. Some of these girls work qwick as lightning. After ticketiug, the spools of thread are put into boxes of one dozen each. They are then ready for packing. About twenty-five thousand feet of lumber per month is cut at the mills, in Michigan, to the various lengths required, and all that is done here is to put the boxes together. A private wire runs from the works in Newark to the New- York office, and the line is kept busy in sending orders and transmitting messages of the com­ pany. In the short time we were there several throughout the country, who read this article. The company pays interest at seven per cent. 011 the money 111 the treasury, besides then1 five dollars jxn- week into fhe fund. Since its or­ ganization one thousand three hundred and ninety-seven members have been relieved, and twenty-four deaths have occurred in the society. The reason that the receipts for 1S74 and 18^6 are less than usual is because the fund had reached the maximum of !?1,500, and payments were stopped. The following very interesting table shows the amount received and paid out from 1870 to 1876 inclusive : Year*. 187 0 187 1 187 2 1878 187 4 187 5 18TCI11111* 111111 * 1 H f t f i p t n . *1,74-2.34 2,247 95 2,114 42 2,a*i.r>7 1,541 01 77 04 9.13.31 PairmrntM. 11,504.28 2,010.82 1,704.W 1,742 21 1.595 SI) 1.(134.76 Total .fl2.923.5U 1,751.94 *11,080.52 Balance in treasury Jan. 1, 1877. $986.82. HOW CLARK'S "O. N. T." SPOOL COTTON ORIGIN­ ATED. Until within a few years, the great difficulty to 1 e overcome in the introduction of seeing machines was the objections made by manu­ facturers and opera torn to the then popular threads. These complaints were to loud Knd well founded that the sale of sewing machines was greatly impeded on account of the impos­ sibility of obtaining a thread adapted to their use. Mr. George A. Clark, appreciating the difficulty, introduced into the American mar­ ket the now famous Clark's " O. N. T." Spool Cotton, all numbers being six cord, from 8 to 100, which met the demand, did away with all complaints, and long since established its repu- tati'ii as the lest tnread in use for new nig machine s oi; hand sewing. To Mr. George A. ('lark belongs the credit of being the first to supply those fine qualities of Six-Cord Spool Cotton with which his name is associ­ ated. The thread _is used. and recom­ mended by agents of the Singer,'Wheeler 4 Wilson, G rover & Baker, Domestic. Howe, Florence, Weed, Wilson, Bhnss. Ilcmingtou, 8e- cor. Home, Lathrop and other sewing machine companies. The superior quality of ('hoik's "O. N. T." Spool Cotton soon secured for it an immense sale, but with the great popularity of the goods came also counterfeits which made it necessary for the manufacturers to adopt a trade mark for their own and the public's protection, large orders came in from different parts of the i and now upon everv gcnujQe gpool of their country, and among them were some from 1 thread is the following: Maine, Texas, California, Wisconsin, Oregon, " | etc. The Clark Thread Company sends out an­ nually vast quantities of show cards, calendars, etc., some of which are magnificent specimens of the lithographic nnd printer's art. IS THIS * FAIR COUNT? The number of feet of draught which one pound : of cotton undergoes is one trillion, seven hnn- j dred and seventy-two billion,three hundred and twenty million, six hundred and thirty-five thousand, six hundred feet,or,stated in figures, j 1.772,820,635,600, a distance of 335,477,582^ l miles. The following demonstrates the ap- I parently incredible stntement: The web of j cotton from vhch this immense length of tlireaifv js dr» \vn is forty inches wide. It goes ] to the carder, where it is drawn to 4x120, equal I to feet. Tit the [\ awing frame increases j it to4H(t\ equal to 2.880 : the lapper 2.880x2,V- equal to 6.480; tin comber draws it out to 6.480x26, equal to 1<;«L4»0 ; then it goes to the first head drawing frame, where 168,480x6 ""oa! to 1.010.880. THE 8ECOSIL DRAWING FRAME multiplies the iart. length by six again, making I.UIO.mSOXO equal to 6,(MV5.2h(). which repeated on the third drawing frame makes a length of 6.065,280x6 equal to 36,391,680 feet. Now comes the fir-t sluhbing frame, where 391,080x5 is equal to 181.958.400 ; the second slubber 181,- 968.400x436 equal to 818,812,800 ; the interme­ diate slubber 181.958,400x6 equal to 4,612,876,- 800; the finishing thread winding machine makes the total 1.n ;tli of the thread 4,912,876. 80(ixfi equal to 7,260,800. Now it goes on bobbins to the " mil!." where 29,477,200,800x9^ gives us 272,664,602.400 feet. We then multi- tiply the last number of feet, which states the total length of one pound of cotton drawn into thread, bv the length of the original web, which is six and a half feet, and have the total as stated before. 272.064,662,400x6feot, making a grand total of 1.772,320,635,600 feet. The cotton, whe 1 finished as yarn, has been doubled six million, nine hundred and sixty- seven thousand, two hundred and ninety-six (imesf6.967.296), in passing tlirough the differ­ ent processes. When the yarn is made into six cord finished thread, the above number of doubling* have been multiplied by six, making a total of 41.N08.762 doublings. Now divide the total draught. 1,772.327.632.600, by the total doublings, and. if the work is correct, we shall have the total number of feet-of yarn in u jxiund of cotton, -which is 254.337 feet. But there has been 20 1-er cent. los* in the manu­ facture, which must be added, making a total of :t')5.2o4 feet of ynm for a pound of cotton. or 1 -0 hanks of 840 yards each, enough to reach from New York to Trenton, a distance of sixty miles. MACHINE AND CABINET SHOPS. BOX FACTORY AND PRINTING HOUSE. The "Clark Thread Company do all their < printing and lithographing at the works here. Four printing presses are kept running all the time, ana in tne lithograph department one steam press and six or eight hand lithograph presses are continually employed. In both de­ partments the practice of the "art preserva­ tive " is in the highest style. Orders for the paper box department in the one item of straw board are given as high as eighty to one hun­ dred tons at a time. In the. machine shop a a large number of inei- "re employed in making new maciiinery and koe, i;»g in repair the vast quantity in use m the v. -ious departments of the works. The • ' ine' 1., ,-tory turns out about two hundred cnhi. per day. TIkj bobbins. etc.. used in the mill are made here. In fact , about all the ("lark Thread Company go out­ side f"r is the ra-v material. They manut'actm 1 all they use, except a few of the'more intricate or patenied machines. Brave Dr. Tkrhenonr's Fight--An Encoant«tr Single-Handed With Forty Indiana. ; A correspondent of the New Yoric j World, writing from Leavenworth, gives ; the particulars of a desperate fight be- • twecn n doctor named Tichenour and a band of Sioux Indians, numbering <it>ont 1 forty, at what is known as the "Cone," I at the mouth of Sand creek, sixty-five miles west of Ness Postoffice, Ness county, in the western portion of Kan­ sas. The doctor and a companion named : Dickenson were out poisoning wolves, j and had built a temporary " dug out" in j which to store their skins and provisions. 1 A few days previous to the appearance • of the ml-skins Dickenson hatf takt.i) the | wagon and gone to the settlement after ' provisions. The doctor was asleep in the hut on the third morning after Dickenson's departure (March 4) when he was awakened by a slight noise at the door. Thinking the intruder might b« some animal, he took his gun and went to the door. Upon opening it he was confronted by a burly Sioux brave, bnt : it still being dark he eouid only dis­ tinguish, the -outlines of the form. He dem mded his business, when the brave turned and fled; and as the doctor stepped outside to get a shot at him he ( was greeted with a shower of bullets ' that drove him beak into the hut. Bar- i ricading the door with the best means at his command he patiently awaited the ! daylight. In the meantime the Indians, ; about forty in number, as near as he | could tell, had moved further up the : creek, bnt just at daylight one of them, j who seemed to be in' authority, and the I leader of the band, from the manner in j which lie was dressed, came to the door I of the dug-out, carrying a white flag of truce, and, in broken English, demanded his surrender. Tichenour replied that there were three men in the hut, all well armed, who would defend themselves to the last. The chief then began to threaten, declaring that he would take his scalp and all of those with him, and the doctor, taking this to be a declara­ tion of war, shot the red man dead in his tracks as he stood. The entire band then rushed toward the hut, but were driven back by a few well-directed shots, retiring iu disorder. The next ma­ neuver of tine Indians was an attempt to smoke him out by burning buffalo chips and the woodwork of the dug-out, and from liis position the doctor could see some of the arrangements made for his destruction. He could not see the Indian in charge, but he knew that the work was going on, and that in a short time he must yield. Realizing this, he made a dash for the outside, kicking the burning buffalo chips right and left, and exchanging shots with the head Indian in charge of the tire, killing him instant­ ly, anil receiving a bullet himself through the lower part of his body. Then began a long-range shooting match, during which he saw three of his assailants fall. This was kept up during the day. At nightfall a terrible snow-storm arose which drove the Indians southward, and which snowed the doctor in. Had it not been for this Btorm the Indi­ ans would have captured him, as he was j unable to move for three days. At the end of the sixteenth day the weather moderated so that he was able to go out, j and, seeing that the coast was clear, he 1 traveled 011 foot to the settlements. The ' doctor received several bullets iu his clothing, but was wounded but once. THK CI.Al'.K Ki SI. 1 OMI'.'.NY. On: .1 :}U» b- orgrj::,. and The trademark is familiar to every merchant in the United States, and all who ha\fe ever tried the genuine Clark's " O. N. T." Spool Cot­ ton continue to use it KMI'I.OYl>> AT THK C'KNTENNIAU A noticeable feature «if The Clark Thread Company lias alw;.\!- been their liiougntful and co i-i lerate attention to ive welfare and plea sun- of -their em^i.yt-s. Ti.e Centennial Exhil.ilioii afforded *flo uv; > . ;.uuty for it* r--'rtical ilhvstrution which sh> u'd not fasa un­ noticed in this ailicle, Dcr-uing to give all their • peratives an 01 >portunity to witness the great Exhibition at Philadelphia of what the na­ tion had accomplished during the first hundred years of its existence in industry and ail, the company planned and carried to complete success a monster excursion to 1'hiL- delpliia, which embraced their fifteen hundred employes, with invited guests, menders of the press, and the Mayer and Common Council of the city of Newark. Some idea of its extent mav be gained when it is known that forty-five railroad coaches were employed for their accommodation, aud the cost for transportation, admission, entertain­ ment, etc., exceeded six thousand dollars. But this large sum is small compared with the un­ alloyed pleasure which was afforded the grand army of industrious people who find employ­ ment at the Clark Thread Company Works in Newark. The Common Council passed and caused to be beautifully engrossed and pre­ sented to the Company a series of resolutions, from which, for lack of space, we copy only the following extract: " Resolved, That we witnessed with great satisfaction the kindness and attention shown by the officers of this Company to their fifteen hundred working people and tne evident good feeling that exists between them ; recognizing that, when labor and capital thus harmonize, prosperity must ensue. " Resotved. That the location of the CLARK THREAD COMPANY in our city, with their im­ mense works and their army of operatives, has proved a vast benefit, and that Newark is and should be. justly proud of her manufactures on which her growth and prosperity must ever dejH iid, and that this municipality should fos­ ter and encourage by even- proper means their establishment and success. " Resolutions of thanks to the company were also passed by the employes." THK KlItKKA BOAT CLUB AND THIRTLE BAND, j The now famous crew, which came so near ' winning the prize against the world at the Cen- ' tennial International Regatta last August, is 'from The Clark Thread Company's Works priu- ciprtlly. It has a list of thirty-five active and altoiit forty honorary members. It is the cham­ pion crew of the Passaic, and has beaten the celebrated Atlantic crew of New York. Thev won the first heat 011 Monday, August 28th*, 1876, at Philadelphia, heating the Dublin and Argonauts crews. On the second day they were I* ateii by the celebrated Beaverwvcks. of Al- 1 any. by only six seconds, the lieaverwvcks \.i ciiitig the championship of the world on'the last day. the Newark bovs of The Clark Thread Compa:iv oiniii); \ery close to the champion­ ship of t'le world. '{'lie 1 in-.tie liiind, one of the best in the State. i< organized from the employes , of the compauv and play* for all the manv excursions «ii(1 festivals oft the employes, besides answer- !U:'. • 'Uteide calN when m;,de. They accompa- ;ned tin* Eiuvkas t«> Philadelphia, tow also the ; l iii'i excursion of the employes to the Ceu- < tennial iast year, and always play at all there- '1 g./.;. •> 1:1 viiich tin- Euivkas take part. s • Costly Cooks. F< w thing 8 are more significant of the growth oi luxury in this country in the past twelve years than the prices de­ manded and paid for cooking. Mrs. Paran Stevens, a lady who would appear to be a prey to designing servants, hav­ ing been robbed of her jewels by one and 01 many other valuables by another, came into court on Tuesday to resist pay­ ment to Andrew Godeur, lately in her service as cook. She testifieu that his wages were $40 « v-eek, and that she had I promised to pay him §2.50 a day for ex­ tra work. Assuming this latter* to have taken place twice a week, and this would bring his emolument to $45 a week, and probably his perquisites, in the way of kitchen stuff, yould amount to $5 a week more ; since we know ot a French woman in the service of a wealthy merchant who receives $600, gold, a year, and in nine years has never spent a cent of her wages, finding her perquisites more than sufficient for all her expenses. Such salaries as these, with board and lodging of the best go to make an income wnioh thousands ot highly educated men and wo- , men regard with envy, and, in view of the awfully overstocked condition of the learned professions, and the rarity of good cooks, ladies and gentlemen, who are conscious of a fitness for the culinary art, might do worse than cultivate it. At the present moment an extremely handsome young Englishman, a perfect linguist, and a graduate of BaUoil Col­ lege, Oxford, son of a late distinguished official, is performing the duties of butler in a family here, and the gentleman with whom he last lived declared that so per­ fect a servant he had never had. He must regret a lack of culinary knowledge, which might have enabled him with, the gout, and a discriminating palate, which a long acquaintance with the art of din­ ing has given him, to become a cordon bleu of the cuisine.--New York 6'u». Keeping: Cider. A correspondent of the Country (4en- Irman says : "Let me give you and your readers a recipe for preparing ci­ der, that I found superior to any method that I have tried After cleansing it of impurities by filtering it^or otherwise, draw off into a clean cask--a whisky barrel or wine cask is good. For forty gallons, take one quart of alcohol ana add to it one-half ounce eacli of the oils, of wintergreen, sassafras and cinna­ mon ; shake up and pour into the cider; bung' and shake the barrel gently, and | let it stand to cure." THE Indiana Legislature ha* defeated a bill intended to idlow husband and wife to testify against each other. c. N. u \o. VA 'HO U RlTDiC TO ADVERTISERS* . 1 please say you saw tac »dTCrtU«liMinl tc tms paper. w

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