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<*»•* is teh, ;m flowor. ^ •TgM"1" - 3»¥ *"S „* j vt, *• vr*X; : mm! % vrnng ud aal4, f'*y: , .. .-TOBielSii't And t «halt Hteya^pgr. ̂ Ifr heart I laid witMi M* **ln* y^j % tmc .hwwpt ft»U--w4'W*: s &§Nft«a I«y*l ttpa to his, ;.'••• ' $ ;:.fu love iiiiii.tJovc tome. -0- •'"k4 - <WW!i*waS lot *11 ten* art; MS5; -v'" M'mSr liiMiMtoiwfottii s-tve. Ihti j£« «a ---fl>y wweothasrt-- t I * * « • • * ' ' « < W « B M » S S q a e l - - - g n e v e a n d l i v e , 'tf,' S * * 1 v*1 poared out like v'neyar* «lu! " ) ' 4 - ? ' * « O h , k i o s e n w w j b m t w i l e o r g n i t o l , . ' ' > a give my pa*t, tuy all to com-; > ;* ' Ho-- macks a is heater a litte «U1( ft; •&: * • ' * ' " *" $t<" * \i ? CMBOtchantrem- wnnnded youth, Nor hour of bleak hereafter, "or lore to ma proved tear* and (I For htm 'tvus lie* and laughter. -fcv. JUKTffi LUTHER. 9p %2 ° „ 4 --zr,.- -- nothing >t map* more sublime ancl - MMStrai thaa toe mornea; when morning ,. / i «<iaw*s at am. A* tbe morning star throws its ,?• U; rijT* on the ware* th« gloom of night gradu- '||f «0y dinopMrn Then come tints of gray twi- , which presently ripen into amber and mam fold, a« th« ran e'ovrly and silently ab >V® «*oe brim Of ihe waters. The WJttJtarlooks upon the come with silent feel- «ac rattier than with raptarc na speech. Into •<•oStawa a itilloMi is UM> histoiian hushed t&e coming of Ihe day after the Wight or seven s-eatwriea. Daring these handled years She church bid losi tlie .-*«,••• >-:*fzrxr -KlP'frof .beiag Obristmmty' a re pre sen ta- " and had become a systematic perversion , - >.**, *•«<*», ainagmftoeof oMentatiou of w.c-ked- \£«« ByaJong aeries of irpodturc and cruelty j i ' . 'wP'tJufrisits *m raised above the majesty of f>" f• iKiWffi; h^athon eereraonios bad usurped'the >* * place of godly worship, and ihe system of pur- ? - , «hatwd uarUoaa ii*d»mkt8ii heavy blows at ;he . AWriafepj flf boEita. The people were kept . iaigoorauc* <» "««<« -- *- Wires, and * never Mid, " Ii la eaong deacro, Carlstadt, that singular compound Of tmpwimMMa and taaknuy, who drowned tt» «{rtritxo( the reformer in the excite- Bwotof ttM faaatic. Hwra cits Erasmus, the brilliant wit, who stung Popes and monks with MlirieaH fun, until all the world rang w •* laughter. Among that crowd of students .. Ulric von Qersi!orv, who, ia writing to hia war tior utide, said: * Luther debates and preaches just like yon spell of Borne with as much pride a* Englishmen do to that other day 300 years later when Wellington broke forever the thralls of Napoleon's wild ambition on the plains of Waterloo And if Nelson's name rang with j Wellington be not forgotten: if ttudenti is i be deepiy cut in the marble of the nation's 1 • memory; if our blood flows qoicker as we bow to ihe heroes of Inkermaun and Balanatra-- then all hail to the warrior-heart of Luther, unatr ovsates ana preaction jntsi use you i «uen an nan w tne warnor-neart or XiUtnar, flight; he stands firm as a rock ou some point j for it was lio who ningiv dared to board the he is sure of, and, when his enemies are tired J tyranny of age* aud "sot his onuntr* ftw>' mpaed never «aid, *I»is « „„„ «fee enaoge osade in religion by the church that, by a urieethood whose wongh " 8o vast was |aateadoi being a system in which God lovinglv *«<*«« «n?n to eavemen, it had become a sva- , •[ ' wain which wan impiously became God to r„ - - Mgraes mtn. • 1 1 / - T o w a r d s h e c l o s e o f t h e f i f t e e n t h o e n t n r y t , ~®r® appeared many tokens of coming revolu- • :, < lioo. lien began to contrast what was with "•iihat ought t<rbe. All ranks felt a presenti- », , jamt of upasdy chsiug©. But from whose hand \ V %•« «o proceed the blow which should set the t *»ations free? The ey©3 of Germany were s to great Princes whofilledber thrones; ||lmt not in them was the power ooucbed to Isohieve this, Frederick, thegteateetof them all, I'WB but a nxMming star to herald the approach- iag of the day. Heaven's heroes, like the kiog- <lom of wkioti they areohamtrfons, often oome * without observation.* . <Sod comes not forth in pageant mai -/• marvels to jwrform; A<-'o<td the bigness ot a band Z:*Ljp*n biaoken heaven with storai* " „' :.-'S3Bhere are no trifl«w. Barks as fraK" ' - As bore God's Prince of old ' ? . ' J» many a buoyant still stream -rf- - <• . , ' > iFte aees' heira to hold. ' • • ' . V./ • ' j<' ',3 It wis the time of tte winter fair at Eisleben, to Saxony. Anumg the crowd who thronged the town was a study miner of Mora, Hans lather bv naae, Who, with his wile, had «NK uv. to purchase stores for the winter. It was there on Hov. 10, 148S, that Margaret JLather found sodden refuge in the poor-honee; 5 «nd at Eliduight looked with a mother'B love | ud fondness upon the rounded dimples and 6 -wondering eyestof her first-born son. In all Bsftpe that day there would not be a more un- important looMng group than they; and yet what were all Eatspe'jB Kings in comparison? -Here was bom that evening the man for whom : ̂ history had been waiting; the nan whose light was to flame I'ke a beaoon over long centime*; the nodtra Harnson who should wrestle in the •ran* of nations, and overthrow Popes aud Xipga. Our minus irresistibly link this and another of time's great birth-hours, when, apart from the multitude* who came to Beth ­ lehem, beneata a lowly stable roof over wnioh Xhe angels were stngiug, a saintly mother gazed Wipon a babe whose name they called Jesus, We cannot follow tfce course of this babe's *fe through iufancysnd boyhood, but we leap - art* a space of tn^nQr years .and Und him at the University of Srfnrc. One day IKstftl father was JM» alone in the college Simatfi and trout a lofty shelf took down an old voiame. He glanced at the titla it was a a hook thai ttoknowa to ail but the He was filled with astonishment at „ there other tester than those frag- »0»p«d aad which the - > oTMonte hads«deoted Wbe rwtd to the He found pag«s, c^apcers and books of which previously lib had had no idea With eagerness and aoottoa he turned over Pf«e?- B* «ad on far into the fcdfht until his iamp mm dim. lnat hook, OW with* w» see toelonely student bending •eraa aboot u» beooow a book ot iite to all the IwM. It waa irom the discovery of that book ttaitfae wtotereformrtion sprung Aa Martin Madoa, the Btide hename more than a mere jMmlatMmof Soa'awdL It showed him Um- #rif; ttie keen arrows of oonviotion had pierced ̂ ~~*~!', aad his soul became disquietod with itrem lMttoar'm mental struggles were t to a crisis by a moat tragic meident. 'Uken b».,d*roes Of Master of Arts > aaajwetor of Phi)octoph|r, and was returning -mm-m* triond Alexis irom an interval of rest ^;hnais, when a violent storm burst over the •$1MHStejtek; foiMt One flash of lightning «to*sd^the ground beneath their feit, and, . sriMB to himself, Alexia was lying ttsn dflikd, alaitten by the boat. His mind was SEawS* terror Wh, cermTvTd the Jadgmait gleainea oetore him. He feU on his latwes andin his anguish cried, "Help, beloved , and I will become a monk." ihe storm away, and Luther kept hi-s word, jrnmg a fortnight later his study was tawA vacant; he had entered the monastery, faa^few weeks theyoong monk seemed but the Shadow of what he had bsen; vet it was aotttoe gnm auatenties of monastx lite that lanw their grief-ful shadows over h:m. The eaia lay deeper; the iron had entered his eoui The convent gates had not shut out lus sense «fsta; hi* becoming a monk had not given him peace iwth his G^d. After two years of spirit- •Mlstnft ,̂ (kdttpitB nnfoldedto Lather the way «?resfc Throw yourself * said he, "on your fMatmcr s low. God does not hate you; He are not aaved by %rs and vigils, bat by theinlniw lot* of Chxt^^These worS SSS^^2StX^^^Lulther- Tnat light (wWoew «.whph afterward shone with such jlorions nlttrnoms life is made op of tranquillity and Conttnnous prosperitv is a dancerons Mcfceorered with rippling suihght w^ves, on wUeh manyafair starling bark has found- «red. Opposition nerves the spirit to grinder •endeavors. It is the dark storm which rocks •sea into rugged power. Teuaer handling and akfiiful nttmng may produce the fragile, del,- <*t© exotic, but u was from the tcmpest-sweot forest wejeJUrought the timbers for the ships trhioh won Trafalgar. p piWfflilttes! Ittsgr are garbs in which heroes rcbe themselves and return from the battle. Ds^al and Paul-the giants of Wmtnima Net? Testaments -were men who • ««t their way to success through " much tribu- And as we traje the life of L ither we - .£» the same Ugk.«rdinauce for usefulness. Sis enforced companionship with vigorous ne- oes^ty; Ms de^p acquaintance with toe stern xeatitiesof life: his wild struggle for truth in Ida solitary cell; hi* storm of tears and eobs . and groaua as he watohes for the light; the dim ,«ght |-0<:bly Stroggltng With the gathered gloom; l^hsotoaJ', vt-yi vieiOn; the firm, glad inSd--al! tthMe were parte of a grand disciplinary pro- |#MS by which lie wag trained for the deeds of S3W.*Wliy)tottoy» free his age from the HM beneath which it groaned it was r »')'n to feel their bondage, i' to future foe he must be inured tWher w^as HHA-iiiiy removed to a broadsr 1-he Elector Frederick had recently Sad hoUr»1>eth for Pro~ iii^3aLft»rp««i th« trmb. - t i r S ' a ® 1 1 n i a n W h o h a d ' > pa afar which were im. by 4,16 kindled flre thasKMOsoce of thedootrines which at oaoe impressed and charmed his ths church of Wittenberg ^ pn tlEf^V^ I™ th® VOln«^ry y«" on wtllfling 18 filled by EO ex- SS»BM OTOWd. There sits Fred- jnst and best-loved RFEA ^GREPNTATION f H.rSSfT8 '°.̂ ittenberg to voio6 of Luther • Spalattn. There n»J historians of Qf trjing to move Mm, his sweeps down upon *heivi like a tlocd." llh jo's hnigliily sword was afterward wielded to the cause of the Reformation. Just abjve the students, site Mellerstadt, the Rector of the University. And now the organ has ceased, and all eyes are turned on Martin Luther. Look at him! Of massive frame and dome-like forehead, a face far from beautiful, but of such marvelous power that, through the features, you can al- *io8r. see the kingly spirit they inahrhie. He tells them that "Holiness does not belong to any separated class, as monks or priests, but to the common family of man; that it need not freeze on the lonely heights of monastic life, but should walk with vigor the common paths of duty. That in .he merchant's warehouse, no less than the monk's cell, they could be in­ verted with the freedom of the city of God." And now the vast machinery of the preacher's soul is ia motion, and he deals out stroke after stroke of pathos and power Now thundering out declamations of threatening, and now singing the tenderness of mercy: his voice now like the sighing of the wind among the boughs, as he gives utterance to a wail ef mournful pity for their sins; now throbbing and surging along as pity and hope are swelling and surg­ ing alternately, and now with the rich, clear peal of the trumpet. The words rush forth magnificent and gorgeous, awing, thrilling, and subduing in th «r marvelous power, as he graphically describes the race fallen and the race as redeemed; the world of wrath and the world of glory. His preaching stirred the oity to its very depths: at the schools, in the market, aronna the fireside, the one theese was the new doo- trioe of Martin Luther. After sermons wholly made up of mystic tales of saints, this gospel of Christ burst upon them like a moon seienely beautiful after a night of clouds aud darkness. A di-pme having arisen between some of the German convents and the Holy See, Luther was selected to visit Rome, to obtain a settlement of the question. In his innocence Luther bad looked upon Rome as the ancient He bit'!? looked upon Jerusilem--ae God's throne on earth--the sacred city where all blessings converge i, and whence all light and truth sprung forth. But be saw now and was amazed! Convents, the supposed homes of humility, he found to be palaces of beauty. Priests who had taken vows of austerity were merry, convivial, rubicund jesters who hur­ ried through she performance of seven masses in the time it took Luther to perform one. Luther was astonished at the magnificence of their poverty and the splendor of their peni­ tence. Nor were the preachers more devo­ tional than the monks. One high dignitary whom Luther heard discoursed upon the un­ recorded sins of St. Peter, and related, amid roars of laughter, how that apostle once, in a tavern, cheated his boat and got his trunk away without naying his fare. Lntbor left Rome with a heavy heart. He had expected to find nothing but holiness, and had found nothing but profanity. On his re- torn to Wittonbarg, Lutuer calmly pursued his professional duties. He resolved t<j walk cir- OBmspecil? to save his own soul alive, and to leave ihe general corruption of the church as a grim tragic mystery in the hands of God. Goa had will d otherwise. In the year 1517 events occurred which forced Luther to the front. The Pope's revenues being far too small for _ his extravagances, he promulgated the doctrine of indulgences. The indulgenca merchants entered the town amid great display, a pulpit was ereoted in the market-place, the cross was hoisted, the Pope's bull of grace was read, and the indulgences, or pardons fur sin, were then offered for cash, like meat or drink. The mission around Wittenberg was intrusted to Tetzel, one of the most shameless mounte­ banks the Church of Rome ever possessed. When he addressed the people he daringly piled lie upon lie, and set torth in reckless speeih long lists of evil which these indul­ gences could cure. For each sin Tetzel had a particular charge. His amazing effrontery was often imposed upon, but he generally proved himself equal to the occasion. Once he prom­ ised to shuw the people in the mirror a feather from the wing of the Arch ingel MichaeL Some students, seeing him catch a goose and pluck «|s long feaiher, discovered whtre lie put IE, tooK it, and put In its place some flakes of charcoal. The next day Friar l'etx«l preached fervently on the wonders of the feather, aud opened the box. But not a change came over that brazen face. He merely said, "I have here the wrong box of relics; this is a box of the most sacred cinders. In point of fact they are the charred bones of the holy martyr, St Laurence." A Saxon nobleman visited Tetzel to obtain paroon for a em he was abont to oomnfit. For asam equaling abont $40 he received an in­ dulgence freeing him from all consequences. Thejsin was done that night. The nooleman and his servant hid in a wood through which the friar must pass; when he and his compan­ ions came they leaped upon them, took the well stocked money chest and gave Brother.. Tetzel a most magnificent cudgeling. Tns impudence of Tetzel, tae gross immoralities which followed in his train, the streams of gold which daily flowed to Kome--these things compelled Germany to think. Luther wrote to his Bishop, telling him how the flood-gates of v.co were being opened by the sale of these mocker.es; but the Uisbop, iu the quiet possesion of one-eighth of the gains, made no reply. Luther, finding many of his own lloek going astray, was moved to indigna­ tion, and said, "My superiors either do not care, or do not dare, to stop this Tetzel, there­ fore, by God's help, I will put a hole in his drum.'1 On the 31st of October, 1517, Luther might have been seen on his way to the Caatle Cuurcb. Iu his hand he held a paper which, on reaching the cnurcn, be nailed to the door. Ii was that celebrated refutation of the doctrine of in­ dulgences, known a* the "First Theses." In them he laid down ninety-tire propositions cnallenging discussion. - You will see their drift by the following, selected from the ninety- five: "They preach folly who Maintain-that as soon as the money rattles in the strong box the soul is freed from sin. "They who rest their salvation on indulgen­ ces will go to perdition wi th the men who teach them so. "If the Pope has the power to deliver souls from purgatory for money, why does he not deliver them all out of charity ?" Though the doctrine of indulgence is the moat striking feature attack-, d, there runs through them all the principle which after­ ward became the g-*and)y-uisiinctive feature of Prcteatautism- -tne doctrine*f justification by faith. In them was once more heard the rippling out of the song which the world had so long forgotten--the Bethlehem song of God's good will to men. ® A f ew years previously only a very few cop- 168 of Luthor^s refutation sud chtllMOg6 could have been circulated; but the printing press had just been invented, a^d now they were struck off by thousands, and in a fortnight tlicy were scattered over Germany--were trans­ lated into Spanish, Dutch, French and English --in a month had penetrated Rome itself, aud a week later found them selling m the streets of Jerusalem. The astonishing problem of a single monk daring to contest a matter with Rome filled the Pope wi h amazemen . Rome tried the logic or a bribe, but the indignantly-kindling eye of the reformer was their answer. Rome "then unsheathed her weapon of threatening. "When our church puts forth her wrath, where will you fly for refuge?" asked Cardinal Sarra Longa. "Under God's heaven," was Luther's stiblune reply. The Pope issued a bull of ex- commnuication against Luther. The bull de­ clared him to be an accurt-ed heretic, doomed hi# writings to be burned by a common execu­ tioner, and commanded his"body to be sent to Rome, probably for a similar purpose. If any town refused to givd him up t'je churches were to be closed, wuile day and ni<ht the ueath-bt-11 should toll its s ileum inell. The Pope, by this decree of hie, snapped the last tie which bound Luther to the Church of Rome. It kindled into noble but just wrath that brave heart. A placard soon appeared on the walls of the University, placed" there by Luthc, in­ viting ihe collegians aud townsmen to meet him outside the city walls a; Si o'clock on the 10th of Di oember. Early in the mornii g ths town w?8 amir, and at the time stated Luther came through the college gate, and there, ia the presence of a vast crowd including 600 students, many professors and nobles of all countries, lighted a pile and laid on it the Pope's parchment curse, saying, amid a shout of triumph: "As thou hast troubled the Lord's anointed, se may eternal fire destroy thee! " This bold act startled all Europe. It came upon the priest-ridden world like a thunder­ clap. When the tidings reached Rome, the Council turned pale, and the Pope trembled in his eeat Germany and Home had now met face to f%«e, and the »ope strike? no Mows which Luther dare not return. Man* have tried to write down thin daring act of hie, tome branding hie bravery as a though tie** act, oth­ ers blacken hag and c^lnomiatiaR it as a " -rf j of age* aud sot his oountry free! That sparkling flame, consuming the Pope's bull, was the beacon of the world's flobrer- a'aee--though, in lighting it, Luther kn«w b« might be kindiiog liis own death-pile, what rscked he ? He was ono of those glori >us men who are valiant for the truth, and think What others did but dream about; and do What othois did but think; and glory in What others dared but do. Oa the 24th March Lather was summoned to appear bofore the Emperor at Worms. He left Wittenberg on the 2d April, starting alone oa his fourteen days' journey. As he drew near Worms he found mote enemies, while his friends grew few and far between. " They will burn yon," said one, " as they buraed JohnHuss." "Though they should kindle a fire all the way from Wittenberg to Worms, tho flames of which reached to heaven, I would walk through it in the name of the Lord," said he. When a messenger brought him word from his friend, the Elector Frederick, not to enter Woi ms, as there was treachery on foot, the light flashed from his eye as he replied, "Though there were as many devils in Worms as tiles on the house*, I'd go." It was on tho lttth of April that ne ontered Worms. On the morning of the 18th, perhaps, with one excep­ tion, the greatest in the world, the excitement was tremendous. In the vestibule and ante­ chambers of the Diet Hall every foot of space was covered. Never did there gather a more imposing assembly; neither military noi civil pomp w ere wanang; the avenues wore liuod with soldiery; the streets were kept clear by cayalry. Chief of that assemblage is the E oaper- or Charles, aud on the right and left of the throne eit the Electors robed in velvet and ei mine. A little beneath, in iwo chairs of state, are ths two papal nuncios. Along the benches in irmt were twenty-four Dukes surrounded by a throng of Princes ana nobles. The group inciudeB seven Ambassadors, from Eugland, France and other countries, and about thirty Bishops. When Luther was ushered in Dr. Eck arose and demanded of him whether he was wilting to retract. Looking round on the assemblage, with a calm, steadfast eye, Luther replied. For an hour he held his audience spellbound, and then, because the Emperor did not understand German well, he repuated his address in Latin. As he concluded the second time, Dr. Esk rose hastily and said, " We did not come here to hear a defense of yonr w o r k s ; w i l l y o u o r w i l l y o u n o t r e t r a c t T h e Empeipr leaned forward, the Priueea sat mo- tiouiesl, tho guards were mute, a hash that could be felt hovered upon them all as, they waited to hear the final utterances of the brave monk. "Since you ask a direct answer I will giye you oue, deprived neither of its horns nor us teeth. It is unsafe for a man to act against his conscience. Unless I am convinced from scripture or from plain proof of reasoning that I am wrong I cannot and I will not retract. Here I stand; 1 can do no other: May God help me!" The Emperor, startled iuco invol­ untary speech, exclaimed, " Wnat grand, un­ shaken courage!" Luther was commanded to quit Worms, and the Emperor's safe-conduct and protection lor twenty days was pledged. Charles would wih- ingiy nave beheaded Luther, or, at least, had him imprisoned, but dared not, for fear of tne people who now began almost to worship the champion of the reformed religion. For a year he lived in retirement and se­ clusion, out of reach of his ene­ mies, in' tlia castle of Wartburg, under the protection of the Elector Fiedenck. He turned his enforced retirement to good account. It was here he commenced his famous trans­ lation of the scriptures. Here he pro­ duced the New Testament in his native tongue. Atter about a year of exile, he returned to Wit­ tenberg of his own accord. Once more he wa3 preaching eager crowds. True, ho was cx- oouimumcatetl uy the Pope, and outlawed by the Emperor--but what ot that? Tne hearts of the people welcomed him with unbounded joy. ihe people of Witteaberg, and even the whole nation, woke to new life at the return of their deliverer and their guide. The last,relic of his bondage to the Chutch of Rome was now formally abanuoneu. He put away for ever the cgwl of the monk and assumed the preach­ er's gown. At the age of 4o, Lutner married a l*dy, who strangely enough had ueon a nun, but had thrown aside the Vtil about the same time as Luther had put off tne monk's cowl. Ihe life of Luther was one of iucesMrai storm ind strife, but it was destined to end ia a mission of peace. He journeyed to Eisieben to reconcile some of his dear friends, and as soon as this was accomplished H as seized bv illness, which in a short time resulted in death. To an iutimate friend he said, " I was bora and baptized here at Eisleben; what if I should remain or even die here?" On the follow ins: day his spirit took its tli .nt At Eieltben, sixty-three years bofore, Martin Luthtr, a litile, helpless bane, first drew bis breath. From Eisleben now, Martin Lather, the valiant hero of Protestantism, went fortn to receive his reward. W. H. B. ATKINSON. IOIIOKTO, Canada. # m A0TE& light Savage Marauders! TTp near the foot of the mountains in South river valley, Mont., Charles W. Cook has a corral, in which are a num- ber of flocks of sheep. The sheep were visited bj bears, and on one occasion were so badly stampeded that Cook lost many of the most valuable ones. After­ ward as regularly as night came eight bears would move down the mountain and dine on mutton. Each bear clawed, killed and dragged off the fat oarcass <4 an innocent. A band of men in Cook's employ were set to watch the enemy, but the sight of a solid phalanx of bears matching down the slopes in soldierly line and with resistless front caused a retreat. Finally, a few nights ago, Cook, accompanied by an old bear hunter, John Potter, and both armed with repeating rifles, stationed them­ selves in the bear path, near theporral. The eight came; tramp, tramp, tramp, and when they snilfed the waiting ranchmen they did not so much as halt, but moved to the# attack with ferocious indignation at the attempt to rob them of their feast. When the din of battle had passed and the smoke had cleared away, there lay dead on the field four of the huge beasts, while two of the others left rivulets of blood as they climbed to their den. The Growth of Colorado. The annual review of the mining and other interests of Colorado, published in the Denver and Leadville papers, in­ dicate that 1879 has indeed been a most prosperous year for that new and rap­ idly-developing State. Prom the facts stated in the Denver Times the follow­ ing summary of the whole industrial product of Colorado for 1879 can be given: Gold and silver bullion ..flA.qno.42fi Atfiiculture... Cattle Wool Hides, pelta and tatiow Lumber...... , Cuat .. fl.300,400 l.ifM.euo 1.4w;,< 00 1,010,000 9,01 U.t.OU 9,3111,000 n ST".TT- ̂ 01 1 ciwts,revenue. But there, btasoiMd on the • a par friend Of Luther's. ! roll of time, is the fact: ana every trae Piot- *£(^«%0aaaaaadAx^i««*a* kx*» day vfaiaik Ma Ilia Total #31,376,420 It may be fairly estimated that the total product of the State was nearly $36,500,000, or about $208.50 per cap­ ita, upon a basis of 175,000 inhabitants. This is a large average production to the individual, and demonstrates the intelligence, energy and itidnatry of the people of this mining State. : Nebraska's Growth. In Nebraska, during 1879, the rail­ road mileage increased more than 40 per cent. The increase in population was about 100,000, or 20 per cent. The grain product of the State has grown from 10,000,000 bushels to 100,000,000 bushels in 1879, There was an in­ crease of aver 20,000,000 bushels in 1879 over the product of 1878. The in­ crease of live stock was from 50 to 60 per cent. "THAT'S what Teals me," as lie boy said when he saw his father take the skate strap down from its accastomed -- v i% F1BM SOOM Slats Mettle ' 4 Stoek. [From the American Agriculturist.] Mares in Foal--A. roomy loose box Is the safest and most comfortable place for a brood mare. A colt may be raised for tho satde cost as a cow, and when 3 years old may be worth four cows. There is a brisk demand for good work horses, and a large export business is growing up, so th^t the keeping of mares will become a sonrce of income. But not only must the right kind be kept, and the right kind of colts be raised, but the mares must have proper stable accommodations. When a mare is idle a large portion of the time, ex­ ercise is needea.and this she oan get in a loose box. Colts.--Toung colts should be well fed and oared for the first winter; pro­ vide a warm stall for them, with plenty of litter, and give them a good brushing down once every day. A quart of oats, daily, will be needed, and some bright, clean, sweet hay. Cut-feed is not suit­ able for young colls, whose digestion should not be overtaxed by food packed solidly in the stomach ; feed light and frequently. Work Oxen.--Oxen that work on frozen roads, although there is no iee, should be shod. The rough, hard sur­ face wears down the hoofs very fast, and causes inflammation of the interior; the trouble may not become apparent until later, when the mischief i« difficult to repair. If the fyet are tender and hot, and slight lamehess is perceived, examine the hoofs ijetween the claws, cleanse the feet and apply remedies if needed. ^ Cows.--Milking ocArs will be bene fited by mixing theW feed with warm water, if this can be jdone without too much trouble. A faikily cow may be treated to a warm meal in the mornings without difficulty, and it will increase the milk perceptibly.1 Cut the hay and pour a pailful of hot vater over it; mix the mess so that the aay is all wetted, and add the meal; mil again, and feed while warm. In a dairy of twenty cows the extra milk will pty for the labor needed. If the food can be made more digestible, and by giviig it warm, the waste of animal heat vill be avoided, and the same effect will result as from an increase of food. Thus the study of the principles of feeding may be made a source of profit by the economy which may be practiced through it. The card and brush should be in frequent use during the winter, and, if necessary, a coarse cloth and warm water may be used to preserve eleatiliness. If filth is permitted to gather oa the ulrin it is difficult to remove at this season. Young calves will thrive well if kept in a shed together and well fed. The sned may be littered liberally, and need not be cleaned out until the spring, or until the manure has become a foot or more deep. Calves may thus become good manure-makers, but it will be icesaary to feed them well. Bran and oats, with a little corn, will be the best for them. Give one pint a day for those under a year, and a quart or two daily for yearlings. Costiveness in cold weather should be carefully guarded against, and, if necessay, half a pint of raw linseed-oil, or a pint of linseed- meal, should be given with the food as a remedy. , SheM>.--.A flock gf jafc$ep ma3r.be made tne most profitable of farm stouk, both in return of mocoy an«f san&gmi. By feeding a small flock well, through the winter, their value may be easily doubled. But the feeding should be liberal and the care unremitting. The chief requisites for success with sheep are, to provide abundant good food and pure well water; to feed and water reg­ ularly ; to provide fresh pure air, and to avoid dampness. When feeding sheep for market, it is weli to try the weights every second week, and note the increase. Breeding ewes that are expected to drop lambs early Bhould be closely watched. The springing of the udder is an unfailing sign of approaching par­ turition. The ewe should then be re­ moved to a separate pen and kept quiet, but visited at least every three hours and the last thing at night. It is rarely that any help is needed, except in very cold weather, to wrap a piece of sott blanket about the lamb and to help it suck as soon as possible. As soon as the lamb gets a meal it will be all right, and the ewe may be left to herself for a few hours. 1 Tameness and gentleness are quali­ ties to be encouraged in all domestic an­ imals. Their value is discovered when it is necessary to handle the animals at critical periods. When confidence, if not affection, exists, one ean do much with a suffering animal, when otherwise interference might make matters worse. It would be well to make friends with cows and Bheep especially, by petting them, giving them salt and palatable things, and mingling with them in the yards. Every animal should be trained to be handled when loose in tlie yard. Lambs.--Lambs dropped this month should be well fed through the ewe. Give little heating food, such as cornj in any shape; but bran, oil-cake meal] and oatmeal in gruel will be healthful and nourishing for the ewe and the lamb. In stormy weather the ewe and lamb may be kept under cover, but in line, sunny days they may run in a dry yard; but not with the other sheep. Early lambs for market should be pushed ahead as fast as may be safe. Pigs.--Store pigs will thrive well on roots with a slop of bran, sour milk and water. A supply of roots on hand will greatly reduae the cost of feeding store pigs. Turnips that cannot well be fed to cows may be given to the pigs. Give young pigs a warm, dry bed. Lice.--The irritation cf lice keeps young animals poor and miserable. To rid them of these pests, brush the skin all over thoroughly with a brush dipped in a mixture of linseed-oil and kerosene, shaking the excess of oil out before using the brush. Work the grease down to the skin; if this is persevered in the lice will soon disappear. • « Poultry.--Hens and early pallets will now be laying freely. Ttey should be encouraged by giving them warm food. Baked Bmall potatoes taken di­ rect from the oven, and hot, are much relishpd by the fowls; scalded corn- meal, corn, or wheat parched in the oven, crusts of biead, or oat-meal, steeped in hot milk; and. meat scraps, with some stimulating condiment, like Cayenne pepper, will be found to add greatly to the store of eggn all through the stormiest weather; but the fowls most have a dry, warm, clean, sheltered place to roost and lay hi. THS cold-water odeal was an ancient method of testing the guilt or inno- josnoe oi persons aooused of crime. The _ >r the arms, was the river. If h* «3fc to a held to he guiltless ito I* the cord; but if he flotled the water rejected him because 61 his guilt. I HOUSEHOLD EC0N0M1, M LASSES OAK®. --One enp molasses, one cup of sugar, or.A:W.lf r*np cf bat­ ter or fmi'd meat grssaac, one-half cap of sour milk, one teaspoonful of soda, two eggs, flour enough to make as stiff as sponge cake. 9 ToMAto SOUP.--Twelve tomatoes, pared and cut fine, boiled one hour, or two quarts of canned tomatoes, boiled one*half hour; add two quarts of rich milk, stirring constantly, one pint of oyster crackers rolled, butter size of an egg; serve immediately. GOVERNMENT CLERK'S OMELET.-- Take two eggs, beat them* well, whites and yelks; add one cup of milk, in which a table-spoonful of corn-starch has been dissolved, anJ a little Bait and pepper ; have butter sufficiently hot in pan;"stir up the omelet while cooking. To BROIL SMOKED HALIBUT.--Seleot halibut of a dark-brown color, the thinnest and hardest; soak twenty-four hours in cold water, with the flesh side down; only cover with water; broil over hot coals; serve with a little butter, or poach eggs and dish them with tie hal­ ibut as if for ham. DELICATE CAKE.--Take half a pound of batter, one pound of sugar, one pound of flour, half a pint of sweet milk or water, four eggs. Beat the but­ ter and sugar to a cream, then add the beaterfeggs, then the milk or water, then the flour; mix thoroughly and put the batter into yonr pan ; sift fine sugar over the top, and hake immediately in a moderate oven. SCRAP PUDDING.--Put scraps of bread, crust sand crumb, into a bowl, with sufficient milk to cover them well. Cover with a plate, and put it into the oven to soak for about half an hour. Take it out, and mash the bread with a. fork till it is a pulp; then add a handful of raisins and as many currants, a tea- cupful of brown sugar, half a cup of milk, some candied lemon peel, and one egg. Stir it up well, grease a pudding- dish, and pour the pudding in. Grate over a little nutmeg, put it into a mod­ erate oven, and let it bake for an hour and a half. , COLD MEAT AND HAM CROQUETS.-- Take cold fowl or cold meat of any kind, with a few slices oi cold ham, fat and lean, chop together until very fine, add half as muoh stale bread grated, salt, pepper, grated nutmeg, a tea- spoonful of made mustard, one table-spoonful of catchup, a small lump of butter. Knead all well together, make into small flat cakes (the yelk of an egg can be used to bind the ingredients, but it is not necessary). Brush with the yelk of a beaten egg on both sides, caver thickly with grated bread-crumbs, fry in a little lard or butter to a light brown. It is surpris­ ing how many of these croquets can be made from a very little cold meat and ham, and they are excellent. A Wood-Cutter's Terrible Experience. A story of .rightful suffering in the Blue mountains of Pennsylvania is related by a Beading paper. Adolph Hintzky went out on the mountains alone to chop wood for the charooal- burners, and nothing was seen of him for three days. A hunter by the name of Hines, passing over the mountain, tracked a rabbit under a large, heavy tree. To his great surprise he found a man lying under the limbs of the tree in the snow. The man still lived. Hines dropped his gun and game and ran off to the nearest cabin for assistance. Hines and another man went back and found the man to be Hintzky, a pris­ oner under the tree, half buried in the snow. By the light of their lanterns he was cut out and freed. He could not stand at first, and was nearly dead. His ears were frozen and his feet were terribly frozen. With great difficulty he was taken to a house. His story was that he was cutting down the tree. Be­ fore it fell he sat on a stone to eat his dinner. Suddenly a violent gust of wind blew' through the gorge and the tree fell with a crash, crushing the un­ fortunate woodman under its heavy branches. He was rendered senseles by the blow, but the stone upon which he sat saved his life. The force of the blow was averted. The man had raised himself up, and when the tree fell it pin­ ioned him. One of his arms he could not move at all; his body was held to the earth and he was a prisoner. On the opening of his first day's imprison­ ment snow fell. All that night, the next day and next night he was fastened in the snow, and his life was slowly ebb­ ing away. On the third day he was in terrible agony. He fed himself with snow, and thus partially quenched his thirst. His boots had to be cut*from his swollen feet. His robust constitu­ tion prevented death. He ia about 35 years of age, and he wore a coat lined with hair. Meep. While sleep is the "season for all natures," it is injurious to curtail the hours of rest. For farmers and those who live in localities where people can retire at 8 or 9 o'clock in the evening, the 0I4 notion about early rising is still appropriate. But he who is kept up fill 10 or 11 or 12 o'clock, then rises at 5 or G, because of the teaching of some old ditty about "early to rise," is committing a sin against his own soul. There is not one man in 10,000 who can afford to dp without seven or eight hours' sleep. All the stuff written about great men who sleep only three or four hours a night is apocryphal. They have been put upon such small allowances occasion­ ally and prospered; but no man ever yet kept healthy in body and mind for a number of years with less than seven fours' Bleep. If you can get to bed early, then rise early; if you cannot get to bed till late, then rise late. It may be as proper for one man to rise at 8 as it is for another to rise at 5. Let the bell be rung at least thirty minutes be­ fore your public appearance. Physi­ cians say that a sudden jump out of bed gives irregular motion to the pulses. It takes hours to get over a too-radden rising. ' THE PHILOSOPHERS STONE. Have Dh« Dfseov- P* Awfefiirf Why Washington Was Not Taken. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston was lately in Baleigh, N. C., and a gentleman asked him rather pointedly why the Southern army did not take Washing­ ton after the battle of Manassas. Rising on his toes, he replied: "There were two reasons---myself and the Potomac river. I had,reached that age that I knew an American soldier could not todjn™•» #4,«*)*(!» AD Kngitah Chomlat Claim* to ered the Seont of Cndatb)| Artificial ,Henna. Mir. James Maclear, of the St. Bol- lox Chemical Works, London, has. in­ formed the Glasgow Philosophical So­ ciety that, after experiments since 1866, he has succeeded in obtaining crystal- lizer! forms ft carbon which Profw, Tyndal! and 'Smyth, and Mr._Maske- lyne, of the British Museum, do not doubt are diamonds. In 1828 tiro fa­ mous experiments were made nearly at the same time by MM. Cagniefl-d de La- tour and Gannal, both distinguished in French science. M. de Latour pre­ sented his results to the Academy of Sciences, Oct. 1<^ 1828, and those of M. Gannal were presented Nov. 23 in the same year. Cagniard de Latour sent to the Academy ten tubes contain­ ing numerous light brown crystals,some of which were of considerable dimen­ sions. They were brilliant, transparent, and harder than quartz. Submitted to intense heat in contact with the air the crystals experienced not the slightest change, a proof sufficient in itself that they were not of the nature of the dia­ mond. Besides, notwithstanding their unusual hardness, they were easily scratched by the latter gem. The Academical savans concluded that they were merely silieafces. or artificial pre­ cious stones. The experiments of M. Gannal gained more renown. Speci­ mens of his productions were sent to M. Champigcy, director of the work-rooms of the jeweler Petitot, who examined them with care; and,having satisfied him­ self that they scratched steel and could be scratched by no metal, that they were of pure water and displayed a brilliant luster, concluded that these little bodies were nothing else but dia­ monds. This declaration, coming from a man well versed an the special trade, created a panic in the diamond busi­ ness ; for it is well known that any sud­ den rise or fall in the value of precious stones wo «ld be attended by conse­ quences only second in importance to sudden variations in the value of gold. During the French Revolution the price of diamonds was doubled in a few months. The immense capital, which in this form now lies dormant in royal treasuries, or in private hands, is little suspected by people outside the trade. At the time of M. Gannal's experi­ ments the nature of the diamor d was still imperfectly understood. The first important fact about it was established as late as the middle of tne seventeenth century by Boyle, who showed that un­ der the influence of a great heat the diamond disappeared. In 1694 Cosmo III., Grand Duke of Tuscany, subjected a diamond at Florence to the intense heat of the sun's rays by means of a con­ cave mirror. The diamond first split, then emitted sparks, then disappeared. A hundred years later a French Vpi- dary named Mailiard affirmed that fire had no effect upon the diamond. He took the bowl of a tobacco pipe, placed three diamonds iiisiue in ihe midst of charcoal powder close­ ly packed, closed the mouth of the pipe with a cover of iron, and then shut up the whole in a crucible filled with chalk and cohered with a siliceous poating. The crucible was now sub­ jected to a temperature such that at the end of four nours it was completely soft. Then the fire was slackened. As soon as the crucible cooled it was broken open, the f ipe bowl was found entire, with the charcoal in it as black as at first, and in the midst of this there were the three diamonds, in every respect unaltered and uninjured. The precious stone had always disappeared'when heated in the presence of Air. It had undergone no modifica­ tion when removed from the action of the air by means of powdered charcoal and lime. Upon this Sir Humphrey Davy in England, and Lavoisier in France, speedily solved the problem. "What is the diamond ?" asks Babinet. "The most precious thing in the whole world. And what is carbon? The most common material that is known. Yet the diamond and carbon are iden­ tical. Diamond is crystalized carbon." All doubts upon this question were dis­ pelled by the' publication, in 1841, of the work of MM. Dumas and Staas. M. Gannal's crystals having been shown to toe worthless; the slumbers of jewel owners were again disturbed by the experiments of M. Desnretz. This patient and persevering chemist fixed a cylinder of pure carbon to the posi­ tive pole of a weak Danieil pile, and a platina wire to the other pole; he then plugged, both poles into slightly acidu­ lated water. After two months the negative wire or pole became covered with a sblack coating. The product of the experiment was sent to M. Gaudin to test upon hard stones. He proved, in the presence of M. Despretz and others, that, mixed with a little oil, the substance which had enveloped the platina wire sufficed to polish several rubies. As it is known that the diamond is the only substance that polishes the ruby, M. Gandin did not hesitate to consider the su stance as the powder of the diamond. This conclusion was generally accepted by men of science. " The question still remains," says M. Dienlafait, "Is there any reasonable probability that the dia­ mond will yet be produced artificially? This question we must answer in the affirmative. When it is considered how perfectly substances muoh more complex in composition and complicated in crystalline constitution have been artificially produced; when it is consid ered. too, what definite results were furnished by the experiments of M. Despretz--for in such a case the size of the crystals is a matter of indifference --there seems to be no reason for seri­ ous doubts of the possibility of the re­ production of the diamond. Undoubt­ edly it will be a discovery from which diamond merchants and owners of diamonds will have much to suffer: but in that, as in other cases, the loss which will fall upon a small section of the com­ munity will be outweighecra thousand times by the advantages which arts imd industry in general will derive from the disco'verv." A Picture of Edison. The master spirit moves about busy and commonplace. I have said before that all study, but none divine Edison. He has not reached his neglige air by finding himself able to neglect appear­ ances--that shibboleth of society. He never was a tidy man. Mind you, he is only 31 years old, though he looks older. You talk to him, and he answers volubly. You scrutinize him for some sign of the fire of his genius in his eyes. It dawns upon you as you look at and listen to him that you have been uting a false standard with him all the time. You have been thinking of great writers, great orators, great statesmen. You have been thinking of exceptional men of a different order. You never troubled yourself about the expression of a steam engine or a cotton spindle. Beawaber, then, *ha* you are in the pretenoe of eat machine of. the preawtf gtoeia- . faoo, his brain the motor. It ie th#* T„' modern fancy thai*the laces of th#,/ old gods wore ptpieasionless of emo«~ tion, because they were indifferaB# f I to pain or pleasure, simply lookm^; ^ S , f straight on in the plane of their power»>H i f Edison's face, like theirs, is expnwfion# • \ lees. He has the high, full foreht a^ 0$ ' the man of brains, the strong jaw an#.; /, J chin of the man of action, the '*•'s'e mouth of the man of determination* , , ; The nose, long and slightly retroussef seems to spoil the picture, but it is >} , t,< combative nose. You look to the eye#*# ^ to see those features focalizing, as it", '4* ̂ were, but you are disappointed. The# V are a shade somehow between lighfc \ gray and light brown. You expects*' * .'v them to peer into your face, but th%„ , look is only that of calm examination. quickly concluded. He is slightly deaf£ * ^ ^ and that, perhaps, lends something, a| A 4 has been said, to the blankness of hi* '*% shaven face. It is a flesh must of thought. He benc^f over some work ai|F - v- f* ' I stand before him. The eye does no^k • ,* • •! seem to sharpen as he gazes, but a deejp;" *' -v. vertical ridge gathers between bis eve*-. 'Ml! brows--the only indication that thor**- * :%*•< ~;'4 busy brain is working at its -hardest % -< ' again.--New York Herald. C';f "Our Woolen Industry. Thl fSfowth of woolen manufactures .> in this country, we dare aay, is G, matter '" ' 4 *} about which comparatively little i#-' j known by the masses of our people.' *'* The amount of money invested in millsp? v^ ^ machinery, etc., for manufacture of\ ... woolen goods is said to be, at a fair es#- * j timate, $200,000s000. The product of « , ^ thtese establishments for 1879 is pu#L } ^ down as but little short of $300,000,000b' ' We have not at hand reliable data of ^ | the amount of money invested injL>- sheep, but fome approximate idea their Value may be had, ^hen we ar« *'• told by men who have the best oppori tunities of knowing what the facts ar4 that 80 per cent, of the wool now eon! sumed in this country is the product of our own flocks, and under the spui of present prices, and a l^ghly#? promising outlook for the wool improbable thai will materially No surprise need market, it is not this percentage increase next year be occasioned, ihdeed, if within a ve: few years -the wool product of country is found ample for all demand!#^ - which the mills may make for the staiN; ^ pie. These requirements embrao^i nearly every kind and quality of wool*. from that required for fine fabrics tcT' .' * oarpet wools. Six years ago ourimpor-feY..' tations of fine woolen goods--chiefl^t^ JT dress goods fer persons in affluent eiri-- oumstances-- amounted to the value of $20,000,000; the past year the value of such importations was $12,000,000. The , scope of our manufactures has greatly ;,',, , increased of late, and now there i^f £ hardly any class of woolen fabrics tha$ is not made in the United States, England has hitherto led the world in the manufacture of carpets. Now the city of Philadelphia manufactures mora carpeting than the entire United King­ dom. The wool-producing quality of our sheep is also improving, as is shown by; , the fact that whereas in 1867 42,000,000'"'- head of sheep produced 147,000,00C|:.\ pounds of wool, in 1877 35,000,000 . produced 208,000,000 pounds. Our t *" f , woolen mills are distributed much morefcf **j, generally now in the various State^yijr than was the oase a few years ago,' "Jf bringing producers and consumers,.,':v'r'"'^ nearer together, an arrangement whiei| • j ̂ is mutually advantageous to farmeM|^i and manufacturers. J T. If the present statuB of the wool and woolen industry of the country is not disturbed, we may reasonably look for good prices for some time to come. The old Btocks of woolen goods and the . make-shifts which were substituted for them during the past few years, have been all cleared off, and the revival of business generally enhanoes the cheer­ ing indications of the outlook for wool. Since January prices have steadily ap­ preciated--if we except a few days in midsummer. Just now is the season for balancing books, and the markets here and elsewhere are quieter than they have been for some time, but for all grades prices are firm. There are a few parcels of wool still in the city, but there is no anxiety on the part of # the holders to sell them.--Prairie Farmer. Kicking Over the Matrimonial Traces. On Tuesday a stranger named Isaiah Bennett, who claimed'a residence in New Jersey, and a young lady, named Hattie Coleman, from Louisiana, en­ tered the office of Justice Monahan, and expressed a desire to be united. The ceremony was duly performed, the customary fee paid, and the couple de­ parted apparently happy in the con-, sciousness that they were man and wife. Half an hour afterward Isaiah returned alone, with a look of intense sadness on his countenance, and inquired for the Justice. The latter had gone homo and Mr. Beck, his clerk, was engaged in writing at his desk, when the follow­ ing dialogue ensued: " Where's the 'Squire ? * "He's just gone out." , "Well, sir (excitedly), I want to git divorced." "Divorced? " queried Beck, in aston­ ishment. "Why, man, you've only just been married." ., "Can't help it. I want tor be di­ vorced." • "What for?" "Well, because I've been to see a par­ son, and he says that marriage won't . stick; that it ain't no good, that's all; that we ain't married right." "Well," replied Beck, rather sharply, "you tell that parson that he don't know what he's talking about. There never was a stronger marriage made in this office than yours, and you can bet that it'll stick, and stick tight, too." "Well, he say8it ain't no good, and I wanter git divorced." "I can't divorce you. II the mar­ riage ain't good why just let that par­ son marry you over again." '"Yes, that would be fine, wouldn't it. Git married agin, an' git myself in a box for committin' bigamy. Oh, not ;J I ain't no such a fool. I'll git divorced fust, an' then I'll git married agin." M Well, you'll have to go to a higher # court for your divorce. You can't get it here. You're married, and that set- * ties it" . "Well see about that," said Isaiah, as he hurried out of the office. As he did not return, it is supposed tfiat the state of affairs was explained to nim.-- St. Louis Reptt hlican. K j vr'W'v"®- ... THE St. George's Society, of PhiW delphia, has sent word to England warning metal-workers against emigrat­ ing to this country without the means OF MBU&TFI&FIFIR AC JSARTFTINLG A# AM. ploymentT^ * ^ ^ /* '