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etttg ffaradcaler I. VAN SLYKE, (ttlfM PiMl.h*. McHENBT, ILLINOIS. MRS. ROBERT T. LINCOLN keeps a •ctap-book in which she preserves alf the newspaper and magazine articles which appear concerning her immortal father-in-law. She wants to make a historian of her little son and have him write a biography of Abraham Lincoln the Great. IN its efforts to find the true boundary line between itself and Massachusetts, New Hampshire sent to the record of­ fice in London and procured fac similes of the orders of the king in council and of the old maps and storeys. These latter were compared with the recent surveys of a United States engineer, and the two were found to be almost identical. IN China all'the roads except the im­ perial highways are tracks over private land. The owner does all he can to restrict them. When the soil washes down into the road--the road is always -deeper than the land--the owner digs out the road to get back his soil with interest. This makes the roads in the rainy season successions of deep puddles, and over all northern China traffic is suspended for four or five months every year on account of the impassabHity of the roads. THE best proof of the material prog­ ress .of the negro race in this country is the amount of wealth that they have accumulated. There nearly are nearly 8,000,000 people of African desccnt in the United States, and their Accumulated wealth is estimated at $200,000,000. In this age of money- getting it might seem from a business standpoint that this is a small sum for •8,000,000 people to boast of, but one must remember that less than thirty years ago more than two-thirds of the negroes were slaves. FANNY DAVENPORT is said to be the Strongest woman on the stage. She has a tremendous physique and now en­ joys the best of health. A short time ago, however, she was completely broken down. Mrs. Langtry comes next on the list of stiong actresses. It is said that she can outwalk the major­ ity of men and it takes a good deal of traveling to tire her. Mme Modjeska, although very frail looking, is physi­ cally strong. She thinks that she developed her muscle as a young girl by breaking the loaf-sugar for the fam­ ily, and in after years by churning but­ ter on her ranch in California. A WELL-KNOWN military figure on "Wall street is that of Qen. Horace Porter, at one time President of the West Shore Railroad, now Vice Presi­ dent of the Pullman Palace Car Com­ pany. Gen. Porter is a graduate of West Point, and was on Gen. Grant's staff at the close of the war. When Grant became President he was made his private secretary. Gen. Porter wears the fierce mustache and imperial of the soldier, although his fighting days are over. He is said to be one of the best uiter-dinner speakers in New York, if not the best, and if he accepted all the invitations that he received to public and private dinners, he would never eat a meal at home. DURING the Czar's visit to Copen­ hagen a German conjurer was giving an exhibition of his skill before a royal party at Fredensborg when the Czar took up the pack of cards with which the prestidigitateur had been operating and sai : "I will show you another triple, but I doubt whether you will be able to add it to your 'repertoire.'" His .Majesty then tore the pack of fifty-two cards in two without apparently the slightest effort. The showman pro­ duced another pack and tried to imitate his example, but in vain; only those possessing wrists of steel can in this case follow suit. It is no trick, but the exercise of almost superhuman strength. A few minutes later he called for a ' silver dollar and bent it double between the thumb and fore­ finger of his right hand. LADT BP.ASSEY, whose death and burial at sea were recently announced, was not unknown to American women, and her book, "Round the World in the Sunbeam," is a familiar volume of the drawing room and boudoir. She was the wife of an English peer, and had vast sums of money at her command, the produce of the industrious sifting of refuse, ashes, and garbage for the founder of the Brassey fortune and honors was* a rag-picker and subse­ quently a street-cleaning contractor of London. Lady Brassey was not in any sense a great lady; she had no salon and was no leader in society, bnt she was a hearty, hospitable woman who entertained very lavishly, and who seemed to take a real pleasure in mak­ ing people happy. She was a daughter of old John Allnutt, a London wine merchant of the old school.' MR. P.USKIN recently purchased some water-color drawings of old Folkstone, whereupon it was publicly suggested that he ought to present them to the town museum. In reply he writes: "I can only reply that as New Folk- stone has sold all that is left of Old Folkstone to the service of Old Nick, in the multiform personality of the Southeastern Railway Company, and charges me through the said company a penny every time I want to look at - the sea from the old pier, and allow itself to be blinded for a mile along the beach by smoke more black then thun­ der-clouds, I am not in the least minded to present New Folkstone with any peeps and memorios of the shore it has destroyed,or the harbor it has filled and polluted, and the happy and simple human life it has rendered forever in the dear old town impossible. The drawings were bought for the better il­ lustration of Turner's work and my •• own on the 'Harbors of England,' and will, I hope, therefore, be put to wider services than they were likely to find in the Folkstone museum." "PRINCE FERDINAND is not so rieh as is commonly suppose^" says the cor­ respondent of the London Times at Vienna. "He has about £8,000 a year, but his mother has a very large capi­ talized fortune, most of which is en­ tirely under her own control, though it is understood that Prince Ferdinand will inherit at lea9t half of it Prince Ferdinand is beau joueur enough to 'back' his political prosperity with money, and his mother, the Princess Clementine, being very ambitious of seeing him reign, would answer any call upon her fortune for his good. But this is not at all the view taken by other members of the house of Coburg, who tremble to see the family wealth dissipated in Bulgarian speculations, and it is said that some rather uneasy correspondence has been and is being interchanged among the Prince's rela­ tives." ; - . THE story of Axel Stone, the sole survivor of the Vernon Wreck, illus­ trates one phase of thd sailor's char­ acter. Although he knew the boat was overloaded he shipped on her, and, when out on the lake, with a stiff breeze blowing, and his fears for her safety were heightened, he did not ask to be put ashore. After the water had begun to pour into the hold during the storm and he felt morally certain that the craft would go down he threw out a few casual remarks on the danger of the situation to the Captain, who re­ plied gruffly and with a liberal use of the profanity with which seafaring men often besprinkle their conversation. There was a heavy sea on, a terrific gale was blowing, the firemen were paddling about in water up to their waists, to Stone's mind the barge was doomed, and "I went below," he says, "and turned in." He slept easily and awoke to plunge out into the icy waves; hiB prediction had1 come true; but the thought never interfered with his sleep when his watch was oyer. It was his time to "turn in" and he went down and "wrapped the drapery of his couch about him" and slept as easily as if he had been at home on a summer night. It may have been bravery; more probably it was the force of habit RICHARD WAGNER was born in 1813 and died On the 13th of the month. There are thirteen letters in his name, and the sum of the figures In 1813 equals thirteen. The full date of his death was the 13th day of the second month in 1883; it makes thirteen twice --viz., first thirteen, and again 2x8x3 =--13. He composed just thirteen works. His first and determining im­ pression in favor of a dramatic career was formed on the 13th of the month. He was influenced in his choice em­ phatically by hearing Weber's "Freis- chutz" and by Wilhelmine Schroeder der Devrient. The latter went on the stage Oct 13, 1819, and "Freischutz" was completed May 13, 1820, and first performed in Dresden, Wagner's home, 1822 (1x8x2x2-13.) Weber died in Wagner's 13tli year. Wagnfer's first public appearance as a musical person­ age dates from the year he entered the Leipsic university as a student of mu­ sic--1813 (1x8x1x3^13.) The stage at Riga, where he became director, was opened Sept. 13, 1837, and he there be­ gan the composition of "Rienzi," which he completed in Paris in 1840 (1x8x4x0 = 13.) April 13, 1845, he completed "Tannhaussr," and it was performed in Paris, March 13, 1861, and Aug. 13, 1876, he began the first of his Bayreuth dramas. Sept 13, 1882, was Wagner's last day at Bayreuth before leaving for Venice. He saw Liszt for the last time m Venice Jan. 13, 1883, and he died Feb. 13, in the 13th year of the new German confederation. Arkansas or Arknnsaw? It is really exasperating to be obliged to explain and apologize every time one pronounces this word correetly in in­ telligent New England circles, where the later and improper pronunciation was invented and has been established parasitic upon our nomenclature. Had not the legislature of the State officially declared the final syllable to properly have the sound of saw, not sass, or had not the inhabitants from earliest settle­ ments, to,say nothing of the people of Louisiana, of which Arkansas was once a part, always pronounced it saw, there would, nevertheless, be no authority for the curt and abbreviated sass which is generally given. The word is an attempt upon the part of the first French missionaries of Marquette's time to phonetically spell in Frenoh the name of a tribe of Indians, and no Frenchman would ever pronounce the combination of letters in the manner taught by the New En glanders. The final s was and is silent, and the a has the nasal aw, so common in many Frenchmen's speech. As for the old comparativists, who, regardless of the inconsistency of English spelling, always inquire 'if the Arkansas is Ar- kansaw why is not Kansas Ivansaw,' they mav be glad to learn that Kansas was Kansaw, and early Anglo-Ameri­ can travelers so pronounced it, and even attempted to spell it phonetically in English, as can be seen in the report of Lieut Long's expedition to the Rocky Mountains, 1819-1821, where the word is spelled Konza--the nearest combination of English letters that can approach the French sound. But Ar­ kansas is not the only French geo­ graphic term that has been sacrificed to the attempt of New England lexi­ cographers to create in that refrion s standard pronunciation of the English. The word chien, for instance, which was originally < applied to the Iudiaps from their system of police, I believe, and meant, literally the "Dog Indian#," now gmces the rivers, oounties, cities, and mountains of our maps as Cheyenne--the most plausible illus­ tration of a Yankee phonetic pronunci­ ation of a French spelled word. "Ar- kansaw-' may be difficult to Say, and may fall heavily upon our ears, but it is proper all the same, and the sooner "Arkansas" is abolished the better for our consistency. -- Science. THEI.E is a young man in Hartford who has had the broken bone of one of his leg* mended with a silver rivet, lad will sc' a be out on crutches. IBS THERE WILD HORSES! A Writer GIVM Some Very Intor*ittag In­ formation on the Subject. At a recent meeting of the Bombay Natural Historical Society a paper was read by J. H. Steed on the subject of "Wild Horses," from which the follow­ ing is taken: "Is there such a thing as a wild horse, an aboriginal or truly wild horse, in the world now ? The answer is more than doubtful. The mustang of Mexico, the wild horse of the South American pampas, the brumbi of Australia, are all descendants of the domesticated animals introduced from Europe. The first horse was landed in America at Buenos Ayrtis in 1537. In 1580-- that is, in less than fifty years--horses had spread to regions" as remote as Patigonia. In Australia the diffusion of horses that havo escaped from civiliza­ tion has been quite as rapid, and in 1875 it was found necessary to shoot as many as 7,000 wild horses in the col­ ony-of New South Wales alone. In some parts of Australia the horse pest has received legislative notice. The wild horses tempt domesticated horses to join them, and wild Btallions also in­ vade the Australian horse runs and vitiate choice herds in a most an­ noying manner. They recur to the ancestral manners in a way that is always the sane. Each stallion, Mr. Steed tells us, has his following of mares, ranging from a few up to forty or even fifty, and these parties may be separate or banded together into herds of considerable size, even, it is said, 400 strong. The young and the weak males remain with a scanty or even no follow­ ing. The stallion has to maintain his supremacy by frequent combats, which especially occur at certain seasons of the year. The animals are suspicious in the extreme, swift in flight, but bold in defense with tooth and heel in emergency. They range extensively in search of pasture and water, and when hard pressed by danger and famine the herds break up. It is said that each troop has a leader and im­ plicitly obeys him. He is the first to face danger and give the hint to fly. When pressed the horses form a ring with the mares and foals in the center, and defend themselves vigorously with their heels, or they close in on their opponent in dense masses and trample him to death. It is distinctly proved, then, that there can be no aboriginal or wild horse in either America or Australia, although there are tens of thousands of unowned horses. Tra­ dition points to Central Asia as the aboriginal abode of the horse, and there the original stock of wild-horses may still possibly exist. Darwin's statement that no aboriginal or truly wild horse is known to exist must still be held as explaining the exact posi­ tion of this question; but, says Mr. Steed, we must supplement it by stat­ ing that 'it is not certain that truly wild horses do not exist;' and, on the whole, Mr. Steed concludes that the evidence is in favor of the existence of the wild horse in Central Asia, but that we have no evidence as to his ped­ igree in relation to domestication. The wild horse of the British Islands is now practically the Shetland pony, but he is not the powerful animal described by Cassar. The domesticated animal everywhere, however, reverts very easily to the savage state, and of the wild horse, so considered, Mr. Steed has much to tell us. His paces are a walk and gallop. The double and the canter are artificial, and it is still a mooted question as to whether the wild horse ever trots." Grant and Lee at Appomattox. Gen. Horace Porter, who was an aide of Gen. Grant, contributes to the Century an account of his last campaign. From it we quote as fol­ lows: "The contrast between the two commanders was very striking, and could not fail to attract marked atten­ tion, as tli9y sat ten feet apart facing each other. • "Gen. Grant, then nearly forty- three years of age, was five feet eight inches in height, with shoulders slightly stooped. His hair and full beard were a nut-brown, without a trace of gray in them. He had on a single breasted blouse, mace of dark blue flannel, un­ buttoned in front, and showing a waist­ coat underneath. He wore an ordinary pair of top-boots, with his trousers in­ side, and was without spurs. The boots and portions of his clothes were spattered with mud. He had had on a pair of thread gloves, of a dark yellow color, which he had taken off on enter­ ing the room. His felt 'sugar loaf' stiff-brimmed hat was thrown on the table beside him. He had no sword, and a pair of shoulder-straps was all there was about him to designate his rank. In fact, aside from these, his uniform was that of a private soldier. "Lee, on the other hand, was fully six feet in height, and quite erect for one of his age, for he was Grant's senior by sixteen years. His hair and full beard were a silver gray, and quite thick except that the hair had become a little thin in front He wore a new uniform of Confederate gray, buttoned up to the throat, and at his side he car­ ried a long sword of exceedingly fine workmanship, the hilt studded with jew­ els. It was said to be the sword which had been presented to him by the State of Virginia. His top-boots were com­ paratively new, and seemed to have on them some ornamental stitching of red silk. Like his uniform they were singularly clean and but little travel? stained. On the boots were handsome spurs, with large rowels. A felt bat, which in color matched pretty closely that of his uniform, and a pair of long- buckskin gauntlets lay beside him on the table. We asked Colonel Marshall afterwards how it was that both he and his chief wore such fine toggery, and looked so much as if they had turned out to go to church, while with us our outward garb scarcely rose to the dignity even of the 'shabby-genteeL' He enlightened us regarding the con­ trast, by explaining that when their headquarters wagons had been pressed so closely by our cavalry a few days before, and it was found they »would have to destroy all their baggage ex­ cept the clothes they carried on their backs, each one, naturally, selected the newest suit he had, and sought to pro­ pitiate the gods of destruction by a sac­ rifice of his second-best." Solitude In a Crowded Hotel. "Would you believe it possible to spend a vacation in solitude in a crowded hotel ?" a young New Yorker asked a friend. "Well, it is. I've just done it First, I happened to say in the smoking room that I had often caught blue-nsh by throwing a bare hook in the brakers and pulling it out quickly. This is a regular practice at Nantucket, but on Long Island, where 1 told it, no one knew of it, and I was viewed with distrust by all the men. Next I got up a children's sailing party aud we were becalmed until 2 o'clock the next morning. When we reached the wharf half the dadies at the hotel were down there, the mothers fright­ fully angry, and some of «nem on the verge of hysterics. Not one of the ladies would ever look at me after that. Finally, as I stood on the stoop one' day, a stranger asked me if there were any mosquitoes there. 'Millions,' said: L 'Some of the larger ones the sports­ men shoot, and think they are snipe.' It was the truth, only put a trifle more picturesquely than was necessary, per­ haps. It turned out that that man ha<| an idea of purchasing the hotel. Aftet that the proprietor and clerks would not speak to me, and I finished the week with all the loneliuess of a man on a raft in mid-ocean."--Harper's Bazar. ^voiding Colds. Wet feet are to be scrupulously guarded against. Few peoplte are strong enough to avoid catching cold from such exposure, and wheu it is re­ membered that all the blood circulates through tike feet every few minutes, it is easy to see how readily chill comes if the extremities are wet and cold. Should they accidentally get so, how­ ever, it is best to keep rapidly moving until dry stockings i and boots can be reached,: when a hot foot-bath and brisk rubbing will usually restore equilibrium. It is surprising how oertainly a cold may be broken up by a timely dose of quinine. When first symptoms make their appearance, when a little languor, slight hoarseness, and ominous tighten­ ing of nasal membranes follow ex­ posure to draughts or sudden chill by wet, five grains of this useful alkaloid are sufficient in many cases to end the trouble. But it must ,be done promptly. Sthe golden moment passes, nothing ffices to stop the weary sneezing, handkerchief using, red nose, and woe­ begone looking periods that certainly follow. A pill in time. Speaking of colds, I have a theory that no one need ever have one uuless ho chooses. In other words, that it is quite possible so to train the skin, that wonderful organ that is generally looked upon as the paper wraper to our human bundle, as to render it nonsusceptible to sudden changes of temperature or atmospheric moisture, whence colds come. And as this is exactly the season to commence such a system of pellar edu­ cation, as it proved effective in many instances within my own knowledge, and as it is within easy reach of every one to try, I write it here. The theory is that no skin that has been exposed freely for half an hour at the beginning of a day to a temperature lower than it will encounter through the day will note small ^changes or be affected thereby. A cold is simply a nervous shock, re­ ceived by the myriads of minute nerve terminals that bristle over the surface of the human body, transmitted to the centers and so back again to the mucous menbrane, the peculiar seat of this special irritation. Let us then so train tlieso sensitive fibers that they will pass by, unnoticed, changes of atmos­ pheric condition, and the matter i3 ac­ complished. It is done by taking a daily air-bath, the entire naked body exposed for a few minutes to whatever temperature and dampness reigns outside the house, by opening every window and keeping in motion about the sleeping chamber directlv after rising. If any part re­ mains covered, that part remains sen­ sitive; all must be bare. Beginning with five or even two minutes these warm mornings, the air bath should be gradually lengthened up to twenty or thirty, using gentle exercise all the time, and within two months the early hour will become tt <&wfghtful one. Even as cold weather comes, there will be no suffering from lowering tempera­ ture. Entire freedom from oolds is a boon well worth striving for. This air-bath is by no means intended to replace one with watei, but may best precede it, and the protective value is enhanced by a gentle spong­ ing afterward. If this training is suc­ cessfully carried out one feels warmer of a winter's morning unclad than all the day following with clothing on. Care must be taken in case of an aged person or one suffering from de­ bilitating disease; but the system has been practiced here with excellent effect in early stages of consumption, where a peculiar susceptibility to cold is common. --Family Physician, in American Magazine. Not for Her. . "Madam," he began, as the dooi opened, "I am selling a new book on etiquette and deportment" "Ob, you are!" she responded. "Gc down there on the grass and clean the mud off your feet" "Yes'm. As I was saying, ma'am, I am sel--" "Take off your hat! Never address a strange lady at her door without re­ moving your hat" "Yes'm. Now, then, as I was say­ ing--" "Take your hands out of your pocket! No gentleman ever carries his hands there." "Yes'm. Now, ma'am, the work on eti--" "Throw out your cud. If a gentle­ man uses tobacco he is careful not tc disgust others by the habit." "Yes'm. Now, ma'am, in calling your attention to this valuable--" "Wait! Put that dirty handkerchief out of sight and use less grease on your hair. Now you look half-way decent. You have a book on etiquette and de­ portment. Very welL I don't want it I am only the hired girl. You can come in, however, and talk with the lady of the house. She called me a liar this morning, and I think she needs something of the kind. A Bird Court. The leaves on the tree were just coming out, and on one of the lijnbs, all in a row, sat ten or a dozen little En­ glish sparrows, while on a little twig just in front and facing them sat an­ other; and while the rest twittered and bobbed their little heads at one another he looked as if he had lost every friend in the world. The twittering did not stop for an instant, but continued several minutes, when suddenly one of the little birds in the row flew up and over to the twig where sat the forlorn-looking sparrow, and taking him by the top-knot shook him with all his might, then let him go and they all flew away. I never saw anything like it before, but I know the little English sparrows of which we now have so many are very bright, and I have no doubt that the little fellow who looked so sad and for­ lorn had done something wrong, had disobeyed some bird law, and this was a bird court and a trial, and the littlo bird that shook the other so roughly was empowered by the court to admin­ ister the sentence it had pronounced on the offender.--Our Dumb Animals. PAST AND FUTURE POLICIES. A Talk with Senator John Sherman on Question* of the Horn. In Hational Politics Bapublioans Should Be Timid, bat Earnestly ~ Aggressive. G : . fritt About the Tariff, Suffrage In the Sooth, and the Treasury Surplus. DOING good is the only certainly happy action of a man's life.--Sir Philip Sidney. Mr. W. C. MacBride, of the Cincinnati Enquirer, visited Senator John Sherman at hiB home in Mansfield, Ohio, joSt before that gentleman left for Washington, and interviewed him at lengtn, from which we extract the following: Fortunate in finding Mr. Sherman at home when I mode my call, I was shown into his library, where he was busy with his mail--just such a room as one given to study would covet, every wall laden with Bhelves of books alternated with historic prints, and here and there profiles of men distinguished in American and European public life. It required no opening pass to have my mission known. 1 had come to get his views, and frankly said so, and with­ out reserve Mr. Sherman gave them. I asked Mr. Sherman first how he interpreted the lessons of tlie recent elections in the several States, to which he answered: "1 think the New York election has set­ tled the renomination of Grover Cleve­ land, and the Republicans will be called upon to make a nomination to meet that alternative. I do not say who the nominee will be, yet 1 do not think the loss of New York last week to the .Republicans should be dispiriting. In the tremendous vote cast, the Democratic nominee re­ ceived many Republican votes among the brewing interests. Again, the campaign, in my judgment, was not conducted as it should have been." "With respect to what?" I asked. "To begin," replied the Senator, "there seems to be too much timidity among the New York Republicans. They speak in undertones, as if afraid an aggressiveness might offend somebody. I have a simple platform: First, the protection of American industries; and second the count of the vote fairly as cast in the Southern States. For one, I would not join in a general defamation of the Southern section. I am willing to forget the war and forgive those who participated in it, but the time has now come, in my judgment, to protect the col­ ored men of the South in their political rights; to have their votes fairly counted and delivered." "How do you propose to acoomplish this?" "It can easily be done," said the Senator. "I take the broad ground that the Congress of the United States now has the power, under the Constitution, to supervise the vote cast in every State for members of Congress and for all offices which are na­ tional. Let me nmplify. Section 4 of ar­ ticle 1 of the Constitution says: ' The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof, but tbe Congress may at any time by law make or alter such reg- idations, except as to the place of choos­ ing Senators.' "Now, what can be clearer under this section of the Constitution? It is wholly within the power of Congress to provide the machinery for a fair election in the South. It is notoriously known that the negro vote of the South is not counted where it is prejudicial to Democratic re­ sults, 1 think the time has now come for Congress to assert its authority. I would have boards of election to see that the vote in every State, North and South, was fairly counted. I would have the expenses of such boards paid out of the National Treasury, and would have their duties spe­ cifically prescribed by Congress. When I said a little while ago that the New York Republicans were cowardly in the conduct of their campaigns, I had reference to this very thing. I think the deprivation of the negro vote in the South should have b en an issue in the campaign and a commanding issue. I made it in Ohio, and it ought to be the feature at the approaching session of Congress." I then asked Mr. Sherman, in view of his declaration that tho negro vote was not counted, if it was not after all a political mistake in a party sense to have enfran­ chised the negro. " Sometimes I think so," was the reply. "I don't know, after all, but that it would have been better for the negro if his rights had been planted wholly on the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution. It would then have been no object to have denied him his vote, for in such event the basis of representation would have been reduced: Again, under tbe fourteenth amendment, Congress, as it was directed in its final sentence, could have enforced, by appro­ priate legislation, its provisions.n • * # » * • » Next I disenssed with the Senator the Democratic administration. Said I: "Mr. Sherman, do you regard it strong in any essential sense?" "Not at all," said he. "What has it done? It is merely drifting along. It has developed no policy of statesmanship. In its financial policy it s following only in the footsteps of the Republicans. It has not stamped itself upon the public mind by any net calculated to win applause. It merely swims along." "And yet," I interrupted, "I find in my travels that there is a concensus of opinion that President Cleveland is strong with the people." V "Yes," said he, "I can account for that. The President is dogmatic and domineer­ ing in his ways. ' He snubs his Cabinet and the public men in the Democratic lines. The people like him for this. I rather think, after all, the people enjoy it wben tbe public men are snubbed. Mr. Cleve­ land, in his obstinate way. has done a sood deal of snubbing, and I think the people like him for the liberal manner in which he has done it." "Would you, as Secretary of the Treas­ ury," I queried, "have operated to aid Wall street as did Secretary Fam hild?" "I would not. There have been some features of the administration of the Treas­ ury which had I exercised when at its head would have heaped upon me an avalanche of Democratic criticism. But had I been at its head I would never have permitted the present Burplus to have accumulated. I would have gone into the market and bought the bonds and kept the money in circulation. Right here, however," he add­ ed, "let me be a trifle elaborate. The pres­ ent surplus in the Treasury is not so large as the people think it is. Because the books of the United States Treasury show a certain amount on hand people think that the amount thus represented all belongs to the General Government. This is a mis­ take. For instance, of the amount on hand there is outstanding $100,000,000 of silver certificates. Likewise there is an equal amount of gold certificates. Now, the money which these certificates represent, it is true, is in the Treasury. But it is the people's money. It is there for the pur­ pose of the redemption of the aforesaid standing certificates, aud cannot be applied for any other purpose. Again, all the cer­ tificates of deposit outstanding have to be redeemed by money now held by the Treasurer, so that when you analyze the matter you see there is not, after all, so much money in the Treasury as appears upon the face of the reports." * • . • • • 'Coming to the point of interest on that subject, do you think there will be a tariff bill passed by Congress?" I ventured. "Yes, I do," was the Senator's answer. "My gracious, the Democrats must do something. They are in possession of the body where alone a bill for raising revenue must originate. It is my opinion that eome kind of a measure will go through the House. This wdl be sent to the Sen­ ile, sad when we thus get jurisdiction over the subject we will make a bill, but you can rest assured that it will etnbody the feature of protect:on to American labor. While on the tariff, let me give you some suggestions. The Democrats call us pro­ tectionists, whereat the fact as it is, is that the existing tariff bill, a Republican meas­ ure, is largely in the line of free trade. Of the importations now amounting to $600, - 000,000, $2t>0,000,ih:<>Me now on the free list. This is more than a third of the arti­ cles which go to make the remaining two- thirds. Over $140,000,000 are collected from the luxuries of life--such as silks, velvets, bric-a-brac, champagne and for­ eign liquors. So that really less than one- third other than luxuries are now taxed. The aim ongbt to be to tax all f oreign im­ portations with which the American pro­ duct cannot compete. Let in free goods in which America is not thrown in competition afod likewise make free all the articles which are the necessaries of life. In a nut­ shell, let come in free everything we cannot make. Put a tax on that which we can make, Bo that the American manufacturer can pay his workmen better wages than are paid in Europe. This is the sum and sub­ stance of protection. "Have you any pronounced views as to how the surplus in the Treasury should be reduced!" "Yes," said Mr. Sherman, "I have. I would not touch the tax on distilled spirits. I would reduoe or abolish wholly tne tax on tobacco. I would make the tax on sugar either nominal or wipe it out entirely; if wiped out I would offer a bounty for sugar- making. This would encourage the farm­ ers of the land to raise beet-sugar. I like­ wise favor the return to the States of the direct tax. Again, I would revive the dis­ tribution act of 1837. In that year Con­ gress passed an act providing that the sur­ plus then in the Treasury should be dis­ tributed to the several States upon the basis of popnlation. An installment amounting to $20,000,000 was paid. Then the panic came on, with attendant bad times, and the payment of the second in­ stallment was suspended. This law could be revived by a simple joint resolution of Congress, and would distribute §20,000,- 000. I think, though, it should be paid only to the States which were in the Union in 1837, and not to those which have sub­ sequently come in." 1 then approached Mr. Sherman on the delicate question of the Republican nom­ ination. I could see it was one of great reserve with him. To the question, Can the Republicans win the next Presidential election? without hesitancy, he said: "I can Bee nothing to discourage the Repub-. licans in the result of the New York elec­ tion. With the right man, we can carry the State." "And, pray, who is he?" I asked. "That' was his reply, "is to be deter­ mined by the wisdom of the convention. The Republican party has good and avail­ able timber." To this I said: "Senator, among your own admirers they lay great stress upon tbe point that you always stand by your friends and keep your promises." "I never broke a promise," was his an­ swer. "I make but few, and those only which I see my way clear to keep." "Do you anticipate a lively session of Congress?" I asked. "Yes; I imagine it will be. Both polit­ ical parties will emphasize their position. .With the Republicans it will be for a tariff to protect American industries and Amer­ ican workingmen and for a fair count of every American rote. The latter will be insisted upon. Only recently I read that Gov. McEnery openly declared that Louis­ iana had gone through a revolution to ac­ quire by violence a white man's govern­ ment. In so me of the Stat es of the South laws have been passed prohibiting emigra­ tion. This seems to be aimed at the negro, and is a stab at the very essence of personal freedom. Soon the negro will better un­ derstand his position. He is already learn­ ing to strike, which shows an era of his own advancement." * * « * * « "Sparks," he said, "had disturbed land values in the Northwest His arbitrary and unfair rulings bad unsettled the people. Out in the West, you know," said the Sen­ ator, "land is money. It is the collateral upon which money is borrowed. Deny these people the title to their land, and you hamper them in every avenue of progress and livelihood." To the question whether it was to the ad­ vantage or disadvantage of the Ohio people to have their elections in November in­ stead of October, he said it was certainly to their disadvantage in a climatic sense. Otherwise it was a pro and con argument For two hours I had now sat in the cozy librarv. Then the Senator asked me to join him in a look over his "farm," as he called it. Out in the open a shaggy dog, weighted with years and cuby wool, dogged our footsteps. On the brow of the hill to the rear of the dwelling a dozen or more Alderney cows were browsing, and with them a pet family horse, twenty years in Bervice. Over the hill the busy town looked up hazed in a light cloud of the smoke of its developing industries. As I left the Senator he was giving directions for the preparation of his effects, preparatory to his removal to Washington on the morrow. In Silk Attire. The mulberry tree was cultivated in China and known by the name of the golden tree 2,600 'years before the Christian era. In the life of the silk-worm there are five periods or ages between the differ­ ent moults, the first after the hatching and the last before sjdnning. White silk is the most valuable in commerce, but the races producing .yellow, cream-colored or sulphur co­ coons are generally considered to be the most vigorous. The three most marked and noted European varieties of cocoons are the Italian breed, producing small yellow cocoons; the French producing large white cocoons. Keeled silk is classified into organ- zine, tram and floss. Organzine is closely spun or twisted, and is the best. Tram is made from inferior co­ coons, and is more loosely spun and twisted. Floss is made of the loose silk, carded and spun like cotton or wool. Among silk-worms the annuals are the strongest and hardiest, and are preferred in France, Italy and Europe generally, where they now use with great success what are known as the Pyrenean, Cevennes, Var, Milanese and Roumelian (Adrianople) varieties. Ben F. Peixotto, ex-(J. S. Consul at Lyons, France, says: "Raw (reeled) silk,'that is to say, silk as reeled from the cocoon and imported for the use of our silk mills, is really a manufactured article, and moreover, an article, the value of which depends very largely upon the excellence of the manufac­ turing process through which it has gone. When cocoons are first gath­ ered from the branches they are green cocoons, or seed silk. When they are sifted or pierced they are raw 'silk, which includes, specially, dried and pierced cocoons, waste and floss. When the dried cocoons are reeled and four to ten strands or filaments have been spun or twisted into one thread of yarn, it is reeled with silk or grege; so also is (he waste and floss when carded or spun." THE landlord of a summer hotel is to have an arctic room in his house. All the walls will be covered with ice scenes and the ceiling will glisten with the effect of dependent icicles. Those who have seen the plan say that it re­ minds one of a church social.--Boston Transcript. y THEY say the wor^ ""chestnut" has reached interior Africa. That seems to be carrying a joke almost too far, doesn't it?--Lowell Cititen. 1LL1N0I8 STATE NEW8L --Pontiac fanners S(te dehorning tbdlr- cattle. j J" ' 1 • • -- --A revival is in progress at the terisn Church in Clinton. --A 500-barrel cistern • to bo put doett at Maroa for the use of the lire Depart. ment. ̂ --The Morgan County Grand Jury fn finding an unusually Jarge number of iib» V\- dictments. - --Karl Lutz, 22 years of age, shot hicS* ' »' self dead with a revolver at Aurora reoentljk# He was driven to suicide by poverty. --Blue Mound citizens have been coil* tributing funds for the holding of a stocfc': and horse fair at that place next season. M : --Mr. N. S. Wheeler, of St Charleii while visiting his daughter, Mrs. Wanre*» at Aurora, died snddenlv from heart disi-' ease. --The Clinton we'l is not" a failure, ai has been reported. The citizens claim thll water will rise eighteen feet when the pipttf are put in. --A union of all the charitable associs* tions of the various churches in Springfieffc<: is about to be made under the title of "Oft ganized Charities." ; - --Fire kindled by mice among match# •pilled upon the kitchen mantel destroyed the house of Tom Murray, near Cham­ paign, recently. Loss, $3,000; no insufg once. •* - Frank Ray, of Godfrey, was held nu- - der $2,000 bonds by United States Com*' luissioner Bradford at Springfield recently, on a charge of sending improper pictursft * through the mails. t ^ ^ ^ --Gov. Oglesby has filled the vacansjr caused by the resignation of James P. Root, of the First Congressional Distr from the State Board of Equalization, by appointing Capt. George F. Knight, of ths Town of Lake. --Mariah Brunton. a Salem widow, who sued Jacob Rinck, a wealthy widower, ft# $5,000 damages for alleged breach of promise of marriage, recently compromised J the matter by accepting $225. Mrs. Brn%» ton lives in St. Louis, but formerly reeidoit in Salem, where she is well known. --Andy Pritehett, aged 13, son of b wealthy farmer near Broadlands, was i%» \ , stantly killed while hunting on his father's farm recently. He was carrying a shotgun with the muz/.le toward him, when the hammer struck against something and tlfe* discharge entered his face, mutilating H beyond recognition. --Recently the Marshal of Winchester ' arrested a man named John Moore for bl> , ing drunk. After taking his prisoner into the jail he went to fix the fire, leaving the door open. While thus engaged Moors slipped out, lockinsr the Marshal in, and then bidding him good-day, departed up town. Friends came along and let Marshal out --Much oomplaint has been made oy citizens of Belleville at the damming of the Richland Creek, which, they claim, has been the cause of so many cases of dip- theri^, and is the breeder of typhoid fever ' and other malignant diseases. At the pres­ ent time there is a very disagreeable odor proceeding from the water in the creek, which is stagnant and very filthy. , V --A hunting party left Quincy reoent^p . (o slay deer in Arkansas. The party con­ sists of Wash Corbin, C. K. Stone, and Robert McKay, of Quincy, and James Cor­ bin, Col. Elder, and Edward Cherrill, of Carthage. They will go to Helena, Ark., where they will be joined by expert sports­ men, and together they will proceed wast about thirty miles, where they expect to find game plentiful. ^; --An inquest was held in Vienna tgh* ,,,, cently over the dead bodies of tbe four men killed in tbe collision on the Cairo, Vincennes and Chicago Railroad, near that city, Sunday. A verdict of criminal neg­ ligence against the train dispatcher wss * rendered. Hundreds of people visited tho scene of the wreck. The bodies of tho men were torn to pieces and scattered around under the cars. As much of their remains as could be found was pat into coffins and sent to their respective homaq* --The interesting relic, the trunk of % tree with a twelve-pound cannon ball ia|M bedded in it, which was received just after the St. Louis encampment by Secietary of State Dement, still stands in Capt. Hyde's office without an explanation, says the Springfield Journal. It was thought for some time that the person who sent it would soon send the history, but as yet BM> statement as to where it came from has beea.^ received. Major Saunders recently wrot| a letter to St. Louis with a view of ascer­ taining its origin and history, and a r6*#: is looked for soon. --Recently at 7:30 in the morning as the janitor of the Embury M. E. Church wsa cleaning the walk in front of the church l|» found a dynamite bomb so placed that bad he opened tbe door as usual it would havo been precipitated down a number of stone steps and probably exploded. It was aboat six inches Ion?, made of inch gas pipe, an$ the ends solidiy plugged with brass. These were six caps so placed that if the internal machine fell in any way it was certain to strike upon one of them. The discovery caused a great deal of excitement and the police are now investigating the matter. A test of the bomb will be made. --Col. J. S. Loud, Secretary of the Illi­ nois Bureau of Labor Statistics, has just completed the sixth annual compilation at tbe statistics of coal mines and coal mining in Illinois. The following summary shows the business actually done during the veari '* The number of counties reported, 49; num­ ber of mines and openings of all kinds, 817; number of tons of QOUI mined, 10,- 278,890; aggregate value of the same «|;i' the mines, $11,152,503; average value P#Vv« ton at tlie mines, $1.08; number of em­ ployes of all kinds, "JO,*01; average num­ ber of dayB of active operations, 213.2; average price paid per ton for mining, ?S cents; number of kegs of powder us«^ 152,027; numl-er of mules employed under ground, 1,174; number of men killed. 41; number of m^n injured so as to lose time, 180; number of tons mined for each lift} lost, 244,735; number of employes for eac)|' life lost, 400. The largest output of an|[ one mine for the year is that of the ChiK #^ oago, Milwaukee and St. Paul shaft No. ^ at Braceville, which raised 274.711 ton% . The No. 1 shaft, r>t Streator, Is next in r a n k , w i t h a n o u t p u t o f 2 1 1 , 5 0 8 t o n s , a n d * , * * this is followed by tbe St Louis Ore and Steel Company's mine, at Murphyaborov which shows a total of 81&,6SO toos. .i-.LV!