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WkW %p MlWlipifc V..: < •- ALLISON'S ARGUMENT. AltASTmT SPKECH BT IOWA'S «BW- IOB8kNATO& i? ('•Vv; • m A Clmm ni UaaoiwcraUa iimiiaenl Ihi • Protective Tariff--How It Helps the Ag- < rlcnltnral Interests--Trusts Not Fostered toy U»e Itrtfl but Common in Free Trade x Countries. ' _ « lAddress o* Hon. W^B^AIIlwm at Kgowaey. fcT This la Mid to be an off year in politics. jLast year the Republicans were triumphant In the L' . * ' ' great contest for the Presi- f' , » dency. This year, having i. '--i U<Mk3& only a State election, eiti- f Y^|B sens are likolyto underestl- mate the importance of the wHffi oobtest. No State election • (7 ^ JPri in a er^at State like Iowa is . ir^A jfhJJ unimportant; ours this year y, . is of great interest to the i;... |0)Hujv ' people. We have a Gov- Jv-T V. ernor and other important *-t > ,jf# I Slate officers to elect. We f? .'•• • 'w™1 I have practically a Legisla-- CV \{-yr tnre to elect, all the mem-f + - v bers of the House and one- TK"': ; SENATOR AT.I.TSON, half of the Senate. The & '} power of the legislature extends to the whole body of our laws, and not only the power to enact but the power to repeal. Therefore, all legislative power is lodged for two years in the OLegUlature to be elected on the 5th of Novem­ ber. This le gislature has, in addition to these L ordinary powers, the duty of electing a Senator , Jbo serve for six years from the 4th of Marsh, ^e»i. ; In this straggle, political parties are organized practically as heretofore; although there aj;e Other parties claiming the attention of the peo- •jjple, the practical contest is between the two parties that fought the battles of last year and • of many preceding years. One or the othor will .dominate. Both have met in convention and • Ihbva by resolutions expressed their views on jpublic policies. This expression has narrowed the discussion to two ortsfcree i-alient questions. Our opponents in this fcjtate compliment the I-stfrg: ^Republican party as no p4rty has been compli- X..;'-, Xnented before. We have, had control of the I>oliticaI power of the Stat<ftor more than a third f £•. . *of a century, making its laws, administering them, and interpreting them; have levied the fi. ' *. taxes, disbursed the revenues, built up our ^iState institutions of public nature, includ- i£v toe educational, charitable, and penal, and v' ihavo so administered ana cared for each , and all of them, whether as respects their ^ '** «fliciency or their financial mauagement, as not. to provoke one word of criticism in thei f ^ .'platform of our opponents. Not only so, but j£ • «U these are subjects of admiration and "eom- «-)» anendation, far beyond otir State, of those whose pleasure it is to critically observe the public .. policies of the State. So they fail to criticise fg'i a single public measure on our statute-books, !>'.* -f «r a single subject of administration of our pub- *>' lie affairs, save only one--the legislation re- fo,-- ^upecting the control of the liquor traffic, The *1'.. "management of our affairs, with this exception, g;,i. 4s indorsed and approved. Then what, you ask, Me the points of difference and the topics to be •», j debated in this campaign ? "Directly only two-- r-: lone national, the tariff question and matters y , •' .collateral to it: the other, the liquor question «nd matters incidental to it. ^ ^ I do not mention the question of transports? p *.» ttion, State and interstate, as upon this question r "the people ̂ ithout. reference to party are prac- f , ' ticaliy phited. Yet this is one of the important >,>. Jquestleiis affecting our national interests, and ' ehould be carefully guarded and kept in the V ,< , public mind, and, thererore, I shall not omit its V\ discussioi: in what I have to say. I have re- 5,; j- ferred to the election of a Senator. Our General fe," " '"Government is so organized as respects the 5'"1]. - ' -Bonate, that under existing political coixjitions i } ' the Senate is politically nearly evenly balanced. fc' --The sixteen States lately known as slave States •end up an unbroken Democratic representa- Won. _ We hope for a change in the near future jln this respect. It may not come as soon as we J ©ope. Until it does come and parties are divided vi'-1'• • fit; TVIO Southern States upon issues other than -4- •' ' growing out of slavery and the rebellion, ( S A Ions to the Republicans of throe or four Sena- - tors, even with the new States to come in, the 0? ' )jP°'wer the Senate may pass into the hands of 1 •• the Democratic party. I believe the best inter- yt ' - t'flts of our country require the supremacy of the • • ' •;* J^opnblican party in our nation. The domina- Mori of th© Democratic party in both houses fn t»j« adjniniRfr'ttion means the overthrow i'/- »f oar protective system, which has given us JV : . she great prosperity we enjoy. We do not dif- f~( J®r on the question of reduction of taxation. '• ,. agree that our present revenues are r "fcoo great for the needs of the govornment. •:i ' * We all agree that taxes should be reduced. ; we all agree that the tariff should be revised, j?% Or reformed, if that is a better word to use. f. _ ,a#r®e ™at. the revenues should be di- y.'-' minished. The Republican party uiged this in /j! . 1884 and every year Bince. We have not only ?, urged this year by year, but we have shown "-^ver and over again that the responsibility or not doing it rested on the Democratic larty. Under our Constitution measures of "./•weaue, whether diminishing or increasing taxation, must originate in the House of Bep- |j|*r , iresentatives. The Senate has no power until ' the House acts and seuds a bill to the Senate, i* ' '* The Democrats held the majority in the House .from the 4th of March, 1875, up to the 4th of K,... jMaroh, t&g), except the two years from March 1881, to Alarch 4, 1883. Thus for fourteen ' ?. ^eavs, with the exception I have stated, the j democrats had control of the only body that li V ' Could in the first instance deal with that ques- f- • lion. During all this time they criticised exist- •, • • lug tariff laws, but did nothing effective to change them. From 1881 to 1883, when the Re- ^ publicans had control, they did reduce taxes , . _ feiifi revise the tariff, taking off nearly $40,000,- ', ' *1)00, which experience soon disclosed was not , •enough. But this effort and action showed " ,f>oth a disposition and the capacity to deal with ' - the subject. Therefore the Democratic party, • . through the House of Representatives, is re- . Sponsible for the existing excess of revenue, • -find it does not lie in its pathway to criticise S;r, '• the iiepublican party for this situation. If the • Organization of the House this year shall dis- ?" " '* jiose a working Republican majority, and at lifi V. the end of this Congress the revenues arc not greatly reduced, that party may be properly Criticised. In 1887, in December, President Clevoland resented his message with alL. the arguments e could command, favoring tie principle of ree trade, or a modification of our tariff laws J tes. tho basin of a tariff for revenue only. The Ways and Means Committee of the House pre- •4»ented a biM in accord with these views, and, lifter a long debate, it passed the House sub­ stantially as reported on the 21st of July, after Congress had been in Bession neaiiy eight , .t&onths. Although this was the usual time for jaftdjourament in a Presidential year, the Senate , , »%ook up that bill, considered it in committee, '• • > teported it to the Senate, and considered it until A Dnly two weeks remained before the Presidential jjj - election. It took the bill up again immediately > *,jpn the reassembling of Congress and consid- o * , fred it night and day, and passed it finally with •iin amendment in the nature of a substitute on 't'X'f the 21st of January, six weeks before the final expiration of the fiftieth Congress. >,* , there was. no delay in the Senate. Its consideration was constant and ;*v> 1 Jjontinuous. The bill went back to •I' .. the House in ample time to be oontidered in toxiference, t he usual method of settling differ- "i"i!co6 betwten the two houses or disclosing that these differences are irreconcilable. The " . few so referred the bill again to the Committee 't ®f Ways and Means, where it slumbered until . the death of the Congress, although the lc&dors the House were informally told that the Sen- .ite would yield so as to ajree U]>on reductions -fhat were common both in the original bill and •<|he substitute of the Senate. Thus if will be een that a failure to redtice revenue and taxa- ion during the last Congress is directly charge- ble to the Democratic House. The Senate endment reduced the revenues at least SC0,- 1,000, and more thau $30,000,001) of this re­ action was to be found in the House bill as ell; but the House would consent to no re­ duction that did not involve a serious impair- »'vfeineat of most of our industries ai d the abso- 4 flute destruction of mai.y of thc:n. No member H pt the House had an opportunity of debating the relative merits of tie two bills. An open proposition was made on the floor by the Re- irablicans to bring the bill into tho House so . fhat an agreement could be reached. All these tvertures were rejected and the bill was locked p in the committoo room to the end of the Con- i. So, I repeat, the responsibility'of failure l upon the Democratic House of Representa- B, and it does not become the Democratic iy now to say that Republicans share this sponsibility of excessive revenue. In the Con- ess soon to commence the Republicans have a ptjority, and if failure comes, that party can istly be charged «ith such faiiure, unless the linority by dilatory t actics shall prevent legis- ition. On this question the parties are in an- goniara. The Republican party belieyes that it i to the true interest of all the people of this auntry, and of every part of it, to so levy and "Just our Import duties as that our own produe- i and laborers shall have an advantage over the yioducers and laborers of other countries pro­ ducing the like articles. Tho Democrats be- ®eva that these duties shall be imposed for Javenue purposes only, aud thai all else shall be >st sight of in selecting articlns upon which uties shall be levied and paid. We believe ' yitu the f& hers that one of the objects of this government should be to so legislate with Jefarence to our industries as to promote and •i?#Ur and "ot to cripple and destroy TPIP- This year this question is forced into j,iho canvass of this State bv our opponents frith a view to show that because we are chiefly In agricultural State, our present svstem fa »ot only not beneficial to us but that it is un- Sifjt to us, because our farmers sell their pro­ ducts for a price fixed in a cheap market of free trade and buy what they consume in a dear •iaarket of protection. 1 deny this assumption. What product of the farm has its price fixed jfci a foreign market? Cotton, it is said, is one. VjiiiB product is In such universal demand that its price IK fixed by the whole product as com- •ami with the whole consumption; both prod- «ct and consumption are well known quantities < dnd the price is everywhere tho same, saving *nlv tl.e cos! of transporiation to the different Varkxtn. So of wheat and flour. Bread is an *rUcl«tof universal consumption and produced £ many uountries and the price is regulated by Vho mipi'ly a«'d demand and tho price, unlike p» price hi cotton, fluctuates largely ffbm year y«ar A short crop in the United States ad- «»:»>«» the price in our country; so that'often it m higv«i' in New York and Chicago than in Liv. kS""" adding ths oost of transportation. But »M«tbavs Bolst«nM:i wpiNotMi. Um as prodae^rs, and but Httle In the price of produce none of tha former, and but Uttb more of the latter, in late years, than Is consumed is our State. Cwrn la our chief product in Iowa, of grain. ir1 v? ** * crop i,: United States is.n«arly opuble the value of the wheat crop sad more than double that of any other grain crop in the United States. I^ast year the value of the corn «op reached 8677,(XW,000, Iowa producing more rnR 71 urir fLHnin rm.J» -- f»- -r. Ml than any other State. This year its value will be much greater than la^t. Can it be claimed for a moment that the price of corn is fixed by tho Liverpool market? We only exported last year three bushels in taah one hundred. Can it be claimed that this small export fixes, the price Of the whole crop? The value of the hay crop last year, as estimated by tho Commissioner of Agriculture, was i$4i:i,000.00i), and ire imported more than $1,000,000 in value besides. Will any­ body claim that the foreign price has any rela­ tion to the home price? Weprodueedof oats, in value, «19.j,(*X),000; of rve In 1887, ®U,283,140; barley in 1887, S-JO,000.000, and imported $8,000,000 in vahie besides: buck­ wheat in 1887, *7,000,000; potatoes, @91,- 000,000; tobacco, $41,000,000, one - half of which was exported, largely to Great Britain, paying a duty of 10J0 per cent.; cotton $291,- 000,000. I have thus named the principal direct products of the farm, and it cannot be claimed for a moment that the foreign price affects the price at home of any one of these unless there is controversy respecting the price of wheat, which is largely exported. Can it be claimed that the foreign price in any sense regulates tho home price of meat products? W© con­ sumed in value of beef in this countrv fully $700,003,000 aud exported less than $18,000,000 in live cattle and the same amount in beef prod­ ucts all told. Can it be claimed for a moment that the price of beef or catjble is affected by this small exportation compared with the value of that consumed at home? This is also true of pork and alt other provisions. The "Big Four," so called in Chicago, exert a much greater influtnei over the price of beef, pork, cattle and hogs than all Europe combined. The products of the farms of Iowa last year, ac­ cording to the best estimates made, reached in value the tmorjnous sum of §364,000,000; of this estimate wheat amounted to §16,000,000, or about 4 per cent, oi the total. A'.l these pioducts ex­ cept wheat, about which there may be a dispute, are sold at a price fixed exclusively by the home market as distinguished from the foreign mar­ ket. We have ceased to be a wheat-producing State. Two-thirds of the counties in this btate do not produce wheat enough to supplv their population with bread and seed for the crop to be planted the next year. There are duties upon wheat, barley, oats, hay, flaxseed, potatoes and every farm product. Duty on hav is $2 per tan, and yot wo imported from Canada a mil­ lion dollars in value lastryear. With a duty on hops of _ eight cents a pound we imported in 18«8 $3,500,000 in value, large importations of barley, potatoes, etc., all from the Dominion of Canada. Here, fen the north of us is a great agricultural region, bordering for 4,000 miles, having to a considerable extent the same production and a kindred soil, with a population of 5,000,000 seek­ ing a contiguous, unimpeded market of 05,000,- 000, with lands now worth but little more than half of ours, and to be made equal to ours in value, if this policy should prevail, and yet this is the policy of the Democratic party in this State. You ask, what is it that fixes the prioe of these farm products I have described. I answer, it is the home consumption of 65,000,000 of peo­ ple. In 1860 the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, aud Nebraska, all of them a part of the territory of Michigan in 1834 except Kansas, had a population of 2,500,000. In 18SI0 these States will have a population of at least 1-2,000,000, an increase of 500 per cent, in thirty years, the great body of the population being agricultural. From 1860 to 1890, as shown by the census, these States have increased in wealth from $870,000,009 to six thousand three hundred and seventy-five million, which It is safe to say is now more than ©10,000,000,000, largely in agricultural products. To achieve this grand result debts were Incurred, but these are rapid­ ly passing away, as shown last year iu the re­ port of the Democratic Commissioner of Agri­ culture, after careful examination. About 5 per cent, only of our agricultural produots, including cotton, goeB a*>roai; all the rest is consumed at home. If we couid secure .this additional consumption bv diversification of employments, all our agricultural products would bo consumed at home. I am for extend­ ing our markets abroad by all legitimate meth­ ods for all our productions, but not at tho ex­ pense of our home market. No like number of people on the face of the globe are so well clothed,(bo well fed, so comfortable in their homes, have such educational advantages as do the people of this country. What is tliis home market of ours? The ceusus tables tell the story. Since 1870 we have added to our popu­ lation nearly as many people as now live in En- laud and »» ales No other country so increases in population and wealth. Our population in 1870 was 38,000,000; in-1890 it will be 67,000,000; in 1900, 90,000,000, and BO on as the decades come and go. Edward Atkinson, the statistician, estimates that we actually consume of provisions alone in the United States at least $4,000,000,000 in value. To suppose for a moment that the price of these is controlled in a foreign market seems tome an absurdity. • The rapid growth of the Northwest in popula tioj), production and wealth shows that agri­ culture has shared in the general prosperity of the country. In 1860 we had a tariff for a reve­ nue only. In 1861 the policy of protection was restored, and from then till now this has been the settled policy of the nation. But it i s not alone in the States I nave named that agriculture has grown, relatively it has largely increased throughout the agricultural States. The products oi agriculture have in­ creased from two to four fold iu the production of cereals, cattle, horses, hogs and sheep, and increased the home markets as well by the growth and development of manufacture. Dur­ ing this period agriculture lias steadily and con­ stantly declined in Jr.e trade England. Why this growth and development? It is be­ cause under our system a homemarket isfound for more than ninety per cent, of the products of the farm. If this market is to continue, the three millions of workers in our manufactories sustaining at least ten millions more depend­ ent upon them, must continue their work at such reasonable wages as will enable t.heni sustain their families In comfort, educate their children, and lay up something < aeh year for old age or misfortune. If England ana Europe shall be allowed, unimpeded, our merket for their goods and wares produced upon a scale of wages about one-half that received hero, it is manifest that our workers must be put practi­ cally on the same scale or the workshops of the United State must be closed. If they are com­ pelled to accept European wages their ability to buy the products of agriculture will be diminished one-half, or what is worse for agri­ culture, many of them will become farmers aud tliuB competitors instead of purchasers of farm products. The policy of the Democratic party is to increase the number of farmers producing bread aud meat. « The policy of the Republican party is to di­ versify employments and industries, and thus find a market constant and sure at our own doors and In our own country for farm products. This home market for farm produce hag greatly developed under our present system, and is certain to continue to increase if the policy is not changed, as proposed by the Democratic party. It is a blessing to us in Iowa that our lands are not divided up into great estates, but that our farms are of convenient size and tilled by their owners. This method of farming requires a diversification of products. For these a home market is of inestimable value. So we should rather encourf^e an increase of manufactures in our Htate to consume these raw products lather than to rely upon a shifting and chang­ ing market thousands of miles away, depend­ ing upon conditions absolutely beyond our control. COMPAHE BATES OF DUTY. An examination of the tariff schedule will show that under he existing tariff, taking all our importations into the account, tho rate of last year was 30 per centum on the value of all importations, whlla under the free-trade tariff of 1840, the average dutv on all importations was 23*.j per cenlnm, only 6y> per centum less • of the duties collected last year, 27 per cent, oi the whole was collected from Bugar, which paid 80 per centum duty on the value. This is the highest rate of all duties on the schedule brandy alone excepted. Take off tho sugar duty and the average per cent, would not be higher than under the tariff of 1846. Of all tho duties collected, one-half comes from three articles sugar, woolen goods, and silk ; tho woolen goods imported are of the finest quality, the most ex­ pensive. and are worn only by those who receive largo incomes, and think they cau afford these luxuries. Take off tho duty on sugar or greatly reduce it and you confer a boon upon every family in the land. I will discuss that ques­ tion a little later. TBtJSTS. It is said in the Democratio platform tt»* the tariff "fosters trusts, which are the legitimate results of our present tariff system," Trusts, having for their object the arbitrary increase of price, or the monopoly of markets, or the con­ trol of markets, cannot be too. severely con­ demned. And if it be true, as stated in the Democratic platform, then the tariff should be so modified that these trusts cannot be the legitimate result of duties imposed upon ar­ ticles imported into our country. Trusts are no* the legitimate result of our "tariff svstem. T1 i) is clearly shown from the fact that they exist everywhere--are found more extensive in free-trade England than in ^protected France, and are as well known in Germany and other densely populated regions on the continent as they are iu our own country, and are said to be more numerous. They are of recent growth. The first one of any great magnitude, in this country, is known as the Standard Oil Trust; an organization to control the price of crude oil, the manufacture of refined oils and the sale of this product throughout our country and Eu­ rope. Did it originate in the tariff? The cotton seed oil trust has grown up within a few years and controls the manufacture and sale of cotton seed oil. Is it the result of the tariff? The whisky trust organized for the purpose of con­ trolling the amount of whisky produced each year and the price of the pruduot; has the tariff any influence In maintaining it ? It is said that there is a trust controlling the production of anthracite coal, limiting the output and fixing the price at the set board. Yet this coal is on the free list, and there is no combination in bituminous coal upon which there is a duty of seventy-five cents a ton. So I might name many other combinations, but these suflico for illus­ tration. None of the articles produced under these trusts have any relation to, or are, in any way controlled by, tariff duties, but have grown up under conditions and situations peculiar to our own country. The only other great trust that I can now think of is what is known as. the sugar trust, being a combination of about, three- fiftha wf the sugar refining industries of our cpuntoyintoone single organisation or eorpora- tion. Hxis toust has just received a black eye by the taddan fall m foreign markets of the prioe of raw sugar. It is claimed that the tariff on sugar has caused the establishment of this trust I do > not beHeveit. This trust would have been as ' easily accomplished with sn^r free, only the j price could not have been advanced so much as i under the tariff duty. But admit that the tariff on sugar has encouraged it, it is tho only luce interest that- has thus far been affected by the f tariff. The duty on sugar is a high dutiei Mnatiaa or trust in its manafarture so fat as I have b«s«t able to awwrMn, unless hare and : there among local dealers. < j Take aaoiher article, if yon please of general consumption; namely, barbed wire made of ' steel andiron, the price of which has been di­ minishing for many years aa the production haa * increased in our o wn country. Thoro is no duty j upon barbed wire, and therefore in a double sense it can be said that the tariff has no effect upon the price. Take the great industry of the manufacture of machinery, whether of engines or boilers or tho numberless machines that are nsed in the AFFAIRS IN ILLINOIS. IH18RE8TINO ITBMS GATHERED VARIOUS SOURCES. highest Of all tariff duties 'oxcew'lm'b/andy® I industries in our country"; his ranging from 78 to 84 per centum upon the value ! heard of any trust in them? I have of sugar in the country where produced. When present sugar dnties were levied they were levied for revenue primarily, large revenues then being necessary and inddcntallv to protwt the Ameri­ can Industry of refining. Owing to largely in­ creased production of cane sugar beet in Ger­ many and France and the enlargement of the production of cane sugar in tropical climates,the price of raw sugar has. been greatly reduced within a few vears and by that mean's the rate of duty ad valorem upon raw sugar has been in­ creased as compared with former vears. Ad­ mitting, if you please, that (fie tariff has had the effect to aid the sugar refiners, who is re­ sponsible for it? Certainly the Democratic party. These duties have existed since 1872, with the exception of a modification, which was made in 1883 by the Republican Congress already referred to by me, when the duties were considerably reduced. The Democrats have had control of thiB sugar question in the House for twelve years out of the fourteen, and fr. was not until Jnly, 1888, that they dealt with this question at all; and flow did they deal with it then? Did they deal with it so as to impair or destroy this trust on their own theory respecting it" Did they put sugar on the free list? Did they materially reduce the duty on sugar? They did neither. It wns necessary for them to have the vote of Louisiana for the Mills bill. In order to secure that vote, al­ though the sugar duty was the highest duty on the list and an absolute necessity of life, they took off an average of 18 per cent of this duty whilst; they struck down many of the smalt in­ dustries of our country and greatly crippled others by totally abolishing the duty, or mak­ ing heavy reductions. They also so adjusted the duty on sugar as respects the rates upon raw aud refined BUgar, aa to give no alarm or distrust to the sugar refiners. Indeed, it is said that the sugar refiners practically con­ trolled tho rates in the committee room of Ways aud Means. When this Mills bill came to the Senate the Senate committee, instead of reduc­ ing tho duty on sugar a meager 18 per cent., took off one-half of the duties on sugar and so aljusted these sugars as respects the difference between raw and refined sugars, as to take out of tho pockets, or rather keep from the pockets of tho sugar refiners, §'.>,000,000 per annum as compared with the adjustment in"the Stills bill, and reduce the revenue from sugar $2S,000,000, instead of §11,000,000, as proposed iu the House bill. Tho profits on refining vvouldj have been largely cut down by the legislation proposed in the Senate, and as 1 have said that legislation passed the Senate six weeks before the adjourn­ ment of the last Congress, in ample time to have had consideration in the House of Representa­ tives in such way as to have relieved the i>eople from this burden. But they closed the door upon this bill, aud kept it from seeing the light of day until it was impossible to do anything in the in­ terest of the people. For mvself, I am in favor of greatly reducing, if not abolishing, the duty upon sugar. I believe it to be a necessity of life used and consumed in every household, how­ ever humble, aud because we only produce now about 10 per cent, of the total consumption of sugar in our country, the tariff becomes as re­ spects this particular article, and I believe it is the only one in the entire list, a t IX upon the consumer, because, as I have said, we only pro­ duce one-tenth of what we consume and can not under existing conditions largely increase this production, so that home production does not affect the home price through competition, and, therefore, the duty should be greatly re­ duced if not destroyed. I was willing to go fur­ ther than the Committee on Finance went last year. I am willing to go further now. And I will say to my Democratic friends that if they will meet us ou the sugar question wo will give them a reduction upon sntmr tuat, will greatly cheapen the cost of the article to the consumer. While I am willing to do this, I am also willing aud believe it wise public policy to encourage the production of sugar from beets and sorghum, thus diversifying our farming industry and building up little home manufactures in ©very State where either sorghum or beets can be produced profitably for conversion into sugar. I believe m one-half of our H!at«, at least, if the experi­ ments of sorghum shall prove successful, we can produce, at a profit, sugar from sorghum. But in order to do thi s it will be necessary in the beginning, as we proposed in the Senate bill last year, to offer a reasonable bounty to the producers of sugar from sorghum or beets, in order to establish this industry in our own country; this bounty should be paid from the custom receipts upon the sugar imported, thus making the duty upon imported sugar con- tribute to the establishment and development of this industry in our own country. No nation thai has ever undertaken to pro­ duce its own sugar has failed to add greatly to its wealth by such bounty provisions. France did it nearly a century ago under the guidance of «apoleon, so that for many years this has been a productive industry in France. And Germany, within a few years, has established an immense beet industry by means of this system of bounties. So I say, when confronted w., , , 18 auSftr trust, if it has boon in any way aided by the tariff, that aid has been given to it by the Democratic party and no* by the Kepub- hcan party. 1 I havo heard something said about the bind- heard of none. So "that I challenge successful contradiction, when I say that all the great in­ dustries of our country affected by the tariff trusts are an exception. Yet, in free-trade En­ gland they have an immense trust, even in salt, and they tried to make the combination univer­ sal byi extending it to the United States, but which I am glad proved a failure. And why did it prove a failure? Salt in its natural state is so universally diffused throughout our country that it would be impossible to effect a combina­ tion for auv long period of time which could con­ trol the price. So I might illustrate in various ways. I challenge successful contradiction when I say all the great manufacturing industries, of our country affected by tariff legislation, such as the woo lea manufactures, the cotton man­ ufactures, the boot and shoe manufactures, all forms and articles of clothing, ihe iron and steel manufactures, are so conducted in our country that up to this time, at least, and prob­ ably for all future time, it will not be pcfBsible to make combinations such as I have described. Now, while what I have said is true, it is also true that t.be tendency of the present time, irre- 1 spective of tho tariff or other legislation, is 1 towards combinations with a view of controlling ' and affecting prices. Probably the most signifl- • caut illustration of this is the present one, ! which seeks to control tho price of beef cattle i and, also, the prico of beef by means of enor- ! mous aggregations and combinations of capital I so that probably four men, in Chicago, largely ' control the price of cattle in the United States. ; The Senate has already taken action as re­ spects this great, combination to elicit all the facta surrounding it by a special committee ap- |K>int<?u for that purpose, which is now ©nc&ffed in its work. What the result of the efforts of that- committee will be, whether tliev can devise legislative meihods to destroy the combination is still an open question. But thoro is one thing they can do. They can ascertain tho prioe paid for cattle and can also ascer ain the price charged by this combination for the be >f or jessed meat when it shall liave passed through 5 of manufacture, and comparing th money paid by these men and the money re- 1 fiiounnKv LIKE 4H*' fM inK-tiWino trust. 11 T, 4i , IS Wil&SllsSI£; «•'* WJi j, . &,2U' :!v,$£> *•.„ "V* believe that is a trust that has been organ- Ized witlim the last two years. The duty upon bindmg-twin® is about 30 per cent, on the value in foreign countries. The Mills bill reduced tnat to lo per centum advalorein. The Senate hy its adjustment reduced the duty on binding-twine to. about 12 per centum ad- valorem. Th*1 Senate bill reduced more than one-half tne duty upon cotton bagging, about which a great deal has been said iu the Senate. The price of cotton bagging was suddenly advanced ..a' so^hinatien of men purchasing all the cotton bagging about the time the cotton was to be picked and baled, and was a temporary coui- /i?!1*?11 ^at cannot last. But these compared with tho great industries of our country, with the exception of sugar, may lie classified as small industries and comparatively insignifi­ cant in their effect as respects prices. Look, if you please, fora moment , at the great Industries of our country. Take the industry of and production of wool which, although not a urge industry In our State yet is a valuable in- dusu'y m it. There is a tariff duty ou wool of about ten cents per pound. Is there any trust in the production oi wool ? The woolen manu­ facture of our country is a great industry, and extends and ramifies into almost every north­ ern State in the Union. They are scattered all over the North and Northwest. They produce j . v*' of all the woolen goods consumed In the United States. Is there any trust in the manufacture of woolens, or of clothing, or of blankets, or of the thousand and one things of which wool constitutes the chief element? I *uow of no such trust. Take the great interest of cotton manufact­ ures in our country. It is a great and growing Interest covering fully two-thirds If not throe- xourtns of.tho entire consumption of cotton in our country. Cotton mills, too, are scattered £ °^yr e c°untry, largely in the Eastern and ™ States. Is there any trust or combi- nation in the manufacture of cotton? None that I have heard of. ' Take the great iron and steel industry of our country, beginning with the extraction of the ore from the mine and the converting of it into pig iron; then into blooms and slabs, and then <1° ,l?erchantable iron and rails ; and further, Into the ten thousand manufactures of iron en­ tering into theconsumption by the people of the pntod States. Is there a trust iu it ? If there j YJ'Ve never heard of it. I have heard here and thtre of local and temporary combinations fixing the prices of certain classes of iron and steel, such as steel rails and steel blooms, where the number of manufacturers of theBe ar­ ticles are few aud the cost of the plant is great, but these combinations in specific aud insignifi- cant portions of the steel manufactures as com­ pared with the whole of it, have only been temporary in their character. Steel rails under our tariff system have greatly fallen in lJI~ice from *89 a ton until they have sold at $26 a ton in our own country. The cost of steel rails, on board ship at Liverpool, has for the last two or three years been $20 a ton. The Pr,ee hi the United States, during the same pe­ riod, haa ranged from iJ26 to $.'12 j>er ton, while during all this period the duty upon steel rails has been $17 per ton. The price of cteel rails, I f-h1 . ' *8 now n-hout $26 per ten at the mills, that if there had been a close combination upon sieel rails, they could have been sold in this country at tho Liverpool price with the duty added, and yet for most of the time they have *or l®88 Hhan one-half of the duty added to the Liv<ri)oo! price. This of itself showa that this combination, if existing, cannot control the price through the tariff duty. But what would be the effact upon the production of Bteel rails if our own producers were de­ stroyed? The price undoubtedly would ad­ vance; certainly, for the time being, beyond what it is now in this counlry. Take the great industry of manufacturing boots and shoes, one of our larg >nt industries. Have,you heard of any trust in this manufacture? A trust is impossible from the great number engaged in the manufacture. Take the article of lumber in all its various formB. Although there have been here and there local combinations as respects lumber, temporary in their nature and character, yet it is true that it is impossible to form a com­ bination and advance the price of lumber per­ manently. It was my fortune to visit the Pa­ cific coast last spring. We took the testimony of lumbermen on that coast, and the universal testimony there was that no man engaged in the manufacture of lumber had made anything for the last two or three years, that the pro­ duction of lumber was largely in excess of the consumption, although they have there for a market the Pacific coast, South America, and all Australia, and, for some articles of lumber, England, in addition to the markets in our own country. Yet with all these markets open, there has been a great over-production and constant depreciation in the price of lumber. So also, as respects the lumber produced in Michigan and Wisconsin. They find the South­ ern forests and Southern manufacturers com­ peting with them in the markets as far as South­ ern Iowa, Omaha and Kansas Ci r,y; so that for the last four or five years the lumber interest has been compelled to accept small profits on maaufaetaies. There is ao tach thing m aooin- >,s; ~--r --v '*"V" iu ouoii Iiorv llirpugn their process of manufacture, and comparing th money paid by these men and the money re­ ceived by them can, in the most, public way, show their enormous rrofits, if they make enor­ mous profits as is believed. And certainly this committee can accomplish great goixl by abso­ lute publicit y of these important facts. Both political parties in their pla forms this year have declared against these combinations and trusts, aud have asked Congress and the state to adopt severe restrictive legislative measures. The Senate of the United States has already anticipated these resolutions, and through a committee of the Senate, is giving careful attention to this subject. As long ago as the 11th of September last, the committee on finance reported a stringent bill on this subject, l>eing Senate bill 3445. Bein,' a member of this committee, I have knowledge of the feeling and disposition of the committee to deal rigidly with this subject. So far as 1 know there was not a member of that commit­ tee, ^either Democratic or Republican, who was aot willing to go as far as legislation can go to destroy these combinations an d punish the men who are engage in them. I hold in my band Senate bill 3445. I will not take the time now to read it but simply to say to you that it is a bill rigid in its provisions providing for extreme punishments for all who engage in these com­ binations, and makes it lawful and legitimate for whoever may be injured by them to recover not only the amount of loss or iujurv, but to recover the entire price paid for the article solf! under any of these combinations to increaBc prices or restrict production. I havo seen no provision that approaches it In severity in am Slate law, or through any proposition made iii the Senate or the House, of Representatives Numerous bills were introduced also upon this subject, in the House but no committee of tha body, at the last session, reported any of these bills back to the House. So it may be safelv said that the Republican Senate has taken uj this question with earnestness for the purpose of dealing with it in the interest of tho people and against, these trusts and combinations. The time was so limit<>«! during the brief session of last winter and so occupied with the tartfl bill that it was impossible to secure a vote upon this bill I have descril>ed during the short session, frat you may rely upon it that the Senate of the United States, early in the next session, will take up this question, and whatever eau be done through remedial or i penal legislation w ill be done to thwart and im­ pede, and, if possible, destroy these combina- tiins and trusts. Our own Legislature dealt with this question two years ago." It is probable this legislation needs amendment so as to make it more restrictive. The States must deal largely with this subject, as these corporations engaging in these trusts are State creations and amenable to State laws. The theory upon which our whole tariff system is based is antagonistic to the idea of trusts. The theory is that by giving our own manufac­ turers, producers, and laborers the markets of our own country that among the 65.000,000 oi producers there will be such competition and such division of labor as will bring the prioe ol articles consumed down to the point where onlv a reasonable remuneration will be given to those who invest their capital, In the form of profits and reasonable and proper remuneration to the laborers who produce the articles consumed, and that this competition will cheapen all theso ar­ ticles to the consumer down practicallv to th< cost of production ; that the competition of 65. 000,000 of people will l>e such that undue profit. cannot be enjoyed for any long period of time. Now, if it can be shown to me that the effect <> any tariff duty is to enable these combination: and trusts to "be formed for the purpose of ad­ vancing the price to the consumer beyond what would be legitimate profit under competition, i will bo ready for one, and I havo no doubt th- Republican party is ready, to so readjust tb< duties upon these articles as to prevent tin formation of trusts in their productions, or de stroy them where they exiBt. Under our tariff system our foreign trade b constantly increasing each year, showing an in­ crease in the last eight months, a marked in crease of both exports and imports over th< same period of last year, and largely in exoesi- of any year since 1882. The policy of the Democratic partyis to mul­ tiply the number of agriculturlsts.|'lThe policy of the Republican partyis to diversify employ­ ments and industries, and increase consumers at home of agricultural products. Under the present policy we have grown strong, rich and great. Our development has been BO rapid, and our prosperity so great, compared with that of the older nations of Europe. 1 hat they look upon ua with amazement and admiration, and their people annually flee to our shores to escape from want at home, and to share this prosperity with us. Now, we are asked to abandon a policy which Is becoming the policy of all civilizations, and to imitate the policy of Great Britain, whose situation and condition is wholly difforent from our own. I quote a single foreign opinion on this subject, and place it over against the dec­ laration of the Democratic platform. Prince Bismarck, in a speech to the German Parlia­ ment, said: "The success of the United States in material development is the most illustrious of modern times. The American nation haa not only suc­ cessfully borne and suppressed the most gigan- gantic war of all history, but immediately af­ terward disbanded its army, found employment for all its soldiers and marines, paid off most of its debt, given labor and homes to all tho un­ employed of Europe as fast as they could arrive within its territory, and still by a system of taxation so indirect as not to be perceived, much less felt. Because it is mv deliberate judg­ ment that the prosperity of America is mainly due to its protective laws, I urge that Germany has now reached that point when it is neces­ sary to imitate the tariff system of the United States." Enlightened Germany, under the leadership of this great Prince, has imitated the United States in its tariff policy, and haa entered upon a career of prosperity unknown in Germany before. Now, we are requested to turn our heels on this policy and imitate England, iso­ lated a-i she is upon a little island not larger than the half of Iowa with but little agricul­ ture, no possibiMtv of diversity of occupations, except in manufactures, with a great popula­ tion requiring that all raw materials shall be brought there free of duty in order that her population shall be activelv emploved in work­ ing that material and Belling the" product to other nations. Are we with a continent bound­ less in extent, 3,(K)0,000 of square miles of territory, an area ocean bound, 07,000,000 of people, estimated to be 80,000,000 when the next century comes, and 200,000,000 when the young boy sitting there shall have reached the age of some of the older ineu here, to be sub­ jected to the isolated policy of Great Britain, accepted by her because of her isolated position in the ocean? Why, Canada itself, this domin­ ion lying north of us, has been compelled to adopt tho protective policy a'id has adopted it, and has grown more rapidly since then. France has the policy except as she is tied down by old treaties soon to expire. Are we to be led astray because some doctrinaires of the schools, or be­ cause the Democratic party, with recollection*- of the period antedating the war, when Mr. Cal­ houn gave his policy to the partv, insist that we shall adopt that policy now, and which, if adopted, will lead to misfortunes and distress in •vesy jiart of our now prosperous country? What Our Xoigrhbors Are Doing--Matters of General aiid Local Interest -- Mar­ riages and Deaths--Accidents and Crimes --Personal Pointers. --With the Cronin trial for a text, the Chicago papers are fttiiig heavily loaded edit orials at the Illinois jury law. The Herald indulges in the following com­ ment: After the lapse of forty-five days and the ex­ amination of over a thousand men a jurv has been obtained In the Cronin case. Of the thou fr­ aud individuals examined there were doubtless a few who were incompetent, some who were corrupt, aud some who werehone^tlv prejudiced for or against the defendants. But it is folly to say that- there wore not many twelves in the number who could have given the defendants a fair and impartial trial. • There must be, therefore, something radically wrong in the system of selecting jurors that will tolerate so great a delay and increase the expense of the trial so largely. Jurors are e,, treated that many men will not serve if a little quiet perjury will get them off. To Ix; shut off from all the world for weeks, to be deprived of all communication with friends and family, to be almost as rigorously guarded and imprisoned as the prisoners at the bar, may bo a very good plan for keeping the jury oblivious of "every­ thing but the evidence,, but it does not make ,| the Ic^rth au attraciive one. Hence business men will palter with their conscience and con­ vince thi mselves that they cannot impartially act as jurors in such a case when, in ffet, they really could. One tiling is certain, the jury law needs amendment. There should not be so many loopholes of escape for unwilling men. nor so many bars raised up against intelligent men. In this day of newspapers the people who read reports of crime committed should not be dis­ qualified on that account. But that is what the Illinois jury law practically does. For although it, makes the rtading juror competent if he will declare that he can give the defendants a fair trial notwithstanding what he has read, many persons will not make the declaration, or wiil refuse to make it in order "to escape. The pro­ viso should be repealed. ---Articles of incorporation of the Chf-'* "D T V A j fA PA TT T IV* e a g o C e n t r a l K a i l w a y C o m p a n y h a v e ̂ f A l l I U U U U L D * been filed with the Secretary of State at Bpringfield. It is proposed to construct a railroad from Chicago to ft point in Adnms County near Quincy, and from Chicago to a point near the Bouth bound­ ary line of Iroquois County. The prin­ cipal office is to be at Chicago and the capital stock is placed at $1,000,000. The incorporators and first Board of Directors are Miltcn R. Wood, Charles W. Need- hani, Edwin E. Wood, William L. Moss, »nd Edwin L. Waugh, all of Chicago. --Peoria dispatch: "Three times dur- ing the p st.month Pennock A Putnam's notion house has been entered by bur­ glars and in all about $l,fe00 worth of goods 6tolen. .The last visit was made Friday night, when $1,000 worth of cut­ lery, silver plate, etc., was taken. L. F. Morse, a detective, was suspected, and to-day Chief of Police Gorman and Cap­ tain Mooney went to his house and taxed him with the thefts. After having been under fire for a few minutes Morse ad­ mitted the crime and promised to return the goods if he were not prosecuted." Ail Umpire. ;-<i' "Is this the book you want ?" , 1 "I can't see. Do you not see ititit both my eyes are nearly closed V "Dear! dear! you look as if you'd been through a grist-mill." "Worse than that. I decided a game of base-ball." "And you want a book of rules. I sup­ pose?" "No, sit. I want a book called--1 called--oil, yea!---'The £ise |od Fall of the Boman Ledger. Chicago --In the Sangamon Circuit Court, at Springfield, last ^eek a jury returned a verdict acquitting Mrs. Melvina Arnold, charged with the murder of her husband in June last. The trial lasted ten days and attracted immense crowds. General John M. Palmer made the closing argu­ ment to (he jury, having been retained by the children of Arnold's first wife to assist the State's Attorney. A very inter­ esting feature of the case was found in the fact that an ante-nuptial agreement existed between the defendant and her husband, by which, in case of his death, she agreed to take one-eighth of his es­ tate as her share, and it is alleged the heirs expected, if she could be convicted of the murder, she would be cut out of even that amount. The estate is valued at $150,000. A petition is already pend­ ing for an equal division of the estate among the children and cutting Mrs. Arnold out. Gen. Palmer is the attorney iu this case. Ou the other han 1, counsel for Mrs. Arnold claim that the ante­ nuptial contract is not binding, end they will begin an action to set it aside and give her the widow's share in the estate. When the verdict was announced in the court there was a stirring scene. Mrs. Arnold and two of her lady friends fai.it- ed, aud the elder Arnold children shrieked and cried. Court was imme­ diately adjourned, and the crowd removed from the room. Mrs. Arnold was taken to the house of a friend. --The thirty-third annual conclave of the Grand Commandery of. Illinois Knights Templars was held at Chicago last week. The grand officers of fifty - eight commanderies were present. The address of the Grand Commander, Nor­ man T. Gassette, was full of interesting data of the year's events, while the re ports of the Grand Treasurer and the Grand Reporter showed the order to be in a flourishing condition in the State. The total membership in Illinois is 7,C>00, of which about GOO have been added dur­ ing the year. The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows: Grand Commander, George M. Moulton, of Chicago; Deputy Grand Commander, Joseph E. Dyas, of Paris; Grand Gener­ alissimo, Sylvester O. Spring, of Peoria; Captain General, Charles G. Mac, of Mattoon; Grand Senior Warden, Harvey M. Hall, of Olney; Grand Senior War­ den, C. C. Johnson, of Sterling. r --A Chicago street railway company has just paid a newsboy's claim of $3,342 for damages on account of injuries re­ ceived in jumping on and off the cars in plying his vocation. Judgment was ob- ! tamed in the lower court, and the fact that the evidence Bhowed that the com­ pany was in nowise to blame induced an appeal. The Supreme Court sustained ! the lower court a few days ago on the theory that the boy, having been allowed on the car, was not a trespasser, hence the company in permitting him to jnmp on and off assumed the responsibility of taking care of him and liability for any damages he might receive. This is the first decision of the kind, and is of the greatest importance to railroads and car­ riers generally.* , --The Illinois State Board of Agricul­ ture is arranging a programme of special attractions for the fat stock show, to be held in the Exposition Building ftt Chi­ cago Nov. 12 to 21. The entries are rap­ idly I eing made under the classification, and the list embraces fifteen States and Territories of the Union, as well as the Dominion of Canada. The fat stock show iB fast becoming the most extensive and popular market for all kinds of stock on the face of the globe, and the most im­ portant of the foreign, as well as the American, live stock journals recognize the influence ol the show upon the stock- breeding interests of the world. --The Belford-Clarke Publishing Com­ pany of Chicago will resume business in a few days. Their £nancial difficulties are about adjusted, the creditors having agreed to a compromise. --Chicago is to have a new casino on the same general plan as the one in New York, only larger and with the added im- improvements suggested by the one in the East. Rudolph Aronson, the propri­ etor of the New York affair, is to be the builder and part proprietor of Chicago's new enterprise. --A well-appoaring young lady hired a livery rig at liock Island which, up to date, has not been returned. It- has been traced to an Iowa town and the woman ar­ rested. She will be brought back to Rock Island and tried for horse-stealing. --A Watertown (N. Y.)firm will supply Peoria with a new water works system. Not less than $500,000 is to be expended in the improvement. " --At Litchfield, Ev. Roberts, Frank Mc- Ginnis, and Thomas Hab&n have been held by a ooroner'n jury to await action of the grand jury for the killing of John Patterson. --Fred Devares, a Springfield youth, committed suicide in a rather sensational manner. It appears that on Friday last his father had chastised him for keeping bad company. Saturday morning he sent him to work, but instead tho boy went off nutting. On his return he received an­ other chastisement for disobedience. Sunday evening young Devares went to church, and from there accompanied Miss Florence Smith to her home south of the city. When they arrived at her gate he took off his overcoat, watch and ring and gave them to her, telliiig her to keep the watch and ring herself* and return the coat to his father. "That's all I have to say, Florence," said he, "Father has punished me for the last time," and with that he drew a revolver and shot himself the temple, dying in a few minutes. --The State Board of Contract Com­ missioners has granted permission to the Secretary of the State Board of Health to add 100 pages above the statutory limit to the health report of 1887, the printing of which is in arrears, says a Springfield dispatch. This will permit the insertion of the register of physicians for 1889 in this volume. The volume for 1888 is still in arrears, as are also the volnmes of the agricultural report for 1887 and 1888. The reports of each of these boards for 1886 have been printed during the present tear, and the delayed volume of the geo­ logical report is now in press, so that an extraordinary burden of printing has been thrown in under the appropriation made by the last Legislature. The explanation is that the work was all suspended under the "combine" contract of 1880, and comes in now under the contraot of last year and the appropriation of last winter. The State officers aro fearful the bringing up of these arrears will exhaust the appro­ priation before the biennial reports, due a year hence, can be reached. --The ex-prisoners of war of Illinois held a two-days reunion at Springfteld last week. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, General C. W. Pavev, of Mt. Vernon; Vice Presi­ dent, E. H. Miner, Bloomington; Secre­ tary, John Little, Bloomington; Treas­ urer, W. H. Simmons, Gibson City; Chaplain. Rev. James A. Coats, of Win­ chester. At a mass meeting of veterans a resolution was passed favoring the passage by Congress of the service pen­ sion bill, allowing every honorably dis­ charged soldier of the Union army a pen­ sion of $8 per month. A long series of resolutions offered by Major R. J. Har- mer of Chester was unanimously adopted. The preamble sets forth that there has been pending in Congress for six years a bill providing for the pensioning of ex- prisoners of war with no other result than that of being persistently ignorld, and that the present pension laws are inade­ quate to cover the complicated nature of the disabilities with which the ex-pricoi^ ers are afflicted. The resolutions then proceed to relate that in 18C4 the rebel authorities proposed to make a sweeping exchange of prisoners, but that this prop­ osition, after due consideration by the government, was rejected for the reason that an even exchange meant disaster to the Union cause, the condition of the Confederate prisoners being that of fresh troops, while the Union prisoners of war were dying of starvation. . This statement is made for the purpose of showing why the ex-prisoners more than any other class of soldiers should be liberally pensioned. --An organization called the Live Poultry Transportation Company has lately been organized in Chicago, whioh, it is believed, wHl create a revolution in the live-poultry traffic. A local journal says: Heretofore the live-poultry traffic has been limited on account of the crude appliances used in the transportation ot live poultry. The rough boxes in which live poultry is cooped up do not allow of their being foil ana watered while in transit, and they consequently arrive at destination in poor and almost unsalable con­ dition. In consequence, poultry is killed aud dressed at points of shipment aud forwarded in that shape. The new company proinises to fur- nisU cars expressly built for the transportation of live poultry. Coops are built on each side of the ears, with sufficient space in the center for a mail to walk through and feed and water the poultry in troughs applied to the coops for that purpose, and the bottoms can be drawn out as on bird-cages and cleaned. This, lustead of de­ teriorating the poultry, will improve it while in transit and it will arrive at its destination in a well-fed ariti healthy condition. Thirty of these cars &r© ncs.v in course of construction at the Pullman car shops. --The State convention of the Y. M. C. A. was in session at Peoria last week. More delegates were present than ever be­ fore at a similar State convention. The following officers were elected: Presi­ dent, Oliver J. Baily, Peoria; First Vice President, Rev. E. E. Shover, Belvidere; Second Vice President, Rev. W. H. Shureman, Chicago; Secretary, W. H. Clark, Chicago. --Henry Hunsaker, the Adams express agent at Flora, Clay County, was killed by a freight train. --The Grand Jnry at Chicago consid­ ered the case of James J. West and Charles E. Graham, on a charge of fraud­ ulently over-issuing stock of the Chicago Times Company, and found indictments against them, % --Benjamin Wean of Canal acciden­ tally shot himself while loading a gon and will die. --J. M. Knight, of Galena, is reputed o have sold a pearl, which he recently found in a clam taken from the river, for $650. --Within the city limits of Chicago an 3,185 miles of streets. This is about the distance from New York to San Franciseo. Am Important Tragic Agreement Into Between the Villon rariftc and CJM- cmgo and Northwestern Railways--What (he New Deal Is $ apposed to Mean. New York dispatch: A new and im­ portant movement in the railroad world just made is an alliance between two of the most extensive railway systems of country--the Chicago & Northwestern and the Union Pacific. It is stated posit v~«|y that these roads will henceforth be o, ned in complete harmony, and with the /lew of each giving to- the other all the traffic its agents can seen re for points on either line. The agreement was first ratified by the boat d of directors of the Union Pacific company with the government directors present, and then by the board of direc­ tors of the Chicago & Northwestern. The far-reaching effects of the alliance may be inferred ffom the fact that the Chi­ cago & Northwestern operates about 4.300 miles of road and that the total length of all lines of the Union Pacific is about (1,30ft miles. The letter oas traffic and ether arrangements which enable it to reach Portland, Ore. The main line extends from Council Bluffs to Ogden, Utah. fit; also has extensive branches to Denying Leadville, and Kansas City, The recent settlement of the long-exist- ing differences l.etween the Union and Northern Pacific intei es:s places the Unio® Pacific in a more advantageous position than ever before and adds to the import­ ance of the new scheme entered into with the Chicago it Northwestern. There i^ however, afar deeper significance in aB this than appears on the surface. The Chicago & Northwestern is under the con­ trol of the Vanderbilts and its hoard of directors includes several gentlemen closely allied with their interests. The Vander­ bilts have for several years been solidify­ ing their lines east of Chicago, and have expended vast sums of money in improve­ ments. Now, with their close affiliations with the Union Pacific, the Vanderbilts will, in all probabi ity. branch oat toward the Pacific ocean. This could very readiiy be done by continuing the line of the I'nion Pacific from Frisco, Utah, southwest to one of the southern California seaports in proximity to Los Angeles. With the enormous finan­ cial backing which the scheme would have there can be little donbt as to the speedy completion of the line when once work is undertaken. What gives color to the rumored inten­ tion of the Vanderbilts is the steady ab­ sorption of Union Pacific shares for ansae time, supposed to be on their account. As already stated, that part of the program which brings the Union Pacific and Chi­ cago & Northwestern into closer harmony is already settled. Those who ought to know declare that it will not be long be­ fore a Vanderbilt through line, extending from ocean to ocean, wUl be an accoas- plished fact. It is stated that the consolidation scheme was entered into by the Vanderbilts to protect their interests and form a trans­ continental rival to the Huntington-Goold combination. The Northwestern joined in the agreement because its rival, the Milwaukee & St Paul road, was in the other scheme. It is a fight between Van­ derbilt and Gould, with millions of dollars and thousands of miles of railroad behind each of the magnates. At Boston, President Charles Francis Adams could not be seen concerning the traffic arrangement of his road, the Union Pacific, with the Chicago A Northwestern. From other sources it was learned that the arrangement had been made, and henceforth through trains will be run over both roads from Chicago to the western termini of the Union Pacific. The arrangement is the result oi Mr. Adams' trip to the West, where he reorganized the road on a new working . . < SS® UNCLE SAM^S SEAMEN. > , The Complaint Is Made That Aliens'Mi&m' Kmploved to Man the War-Ships. The publication in a number of pa­ pers throughout the country, and par­ ticularly in New York within tha last few days, of ar tides in reference to the employment of aliens to man United States vessels has caused quite a ttir at the navy department. Then again a story from the Pacific coast in reference to the employment of Chinese on board of the Omaha now in Chinese waters haa stirred up the department officials. Com­ modore Walker, chief of tbs bureau of navigation said to-day that the stories in reference to the Omaha are somewhat exaggerated. He showed the last muster- roll received from that vessel which indi­ cated that out of 228 men composing the crew of the ship but 37 were China­ men and they were in the capacity of servants. So far as he was personally concerned, the commodore said, he was not in favor of the employment of asy for­ eigners where native-born sailors could be found, but it must be remembered that in Chinese waters the difficulty of getting a crew without taking foreigners in many instances was very great He himself had been in charge of the recruiting oi the navy only since the first of July and, therefore, could only speak of the charac­ ter of the men enlisted since that time. He beli«ved in excluding aliens from ships' crews where American seamen oould be obtained, and that would he n^)|j|a^ pellcy in the future. • MR. RANDALL'S PLANS. ^ /' The Democratic Leader Preparing for (reuluiml Work. Washington dispatch: The Hon. Sam­ uel J. Randall Is still confined to his bed, but is bright and cheerful, and is laying his plans for ihe work of the com­ ing session of Congress, in which he will certainty play an important part, if his health will permit He feels confident that he will be permanently relieve! from the malady from which be now suffers, and his physicians and friends encourage him in this belief, but the medical mes fear he may have a cancer. Mr. Randall appears to have no thought of any rivalry with Mr. Carlisle or Mr. Mills for the leadership of the Democratic side of the house, and so far as Mr. Carlisle and Mr. Aandall are concerned there is every rea­ son to believe that they will work together for the interest of the Democratic party without a single jar. In all the years of their service together in Congress, though they differed on the tariff nne^tion and were rival candidates for the SpeaKership^ there has never been any interruption oC their pleasant personal relations. It ie interesting to hear Democratic Congrese* men who have talked with both Randall and Carlisle say the two wings will dap together in resisting any changes of the House rules. Neither of them will in­ dorse the policy which Mills threatens to inaugurate of obstruction to all legisla­ tion--except as to appropriations--tfcfift may be undertaken by the Republicans. •} Estimate* tor tlie Navy. Secretary Tracy has concluded work osi the estimates for the caval establish­ ment for the • year 18 ;0-l. The approp­ riations for the year 188*1-90 were m round numbers 430,000. It is understood that the estimates as finally passed by Secretary Tracy show an increase of an oint $•'<,000,0^0 over those of la-t year ch:e3y for new work on vessels and impro einentgr and addiiions to navy yards. Kstitttalei} for the office expenses are understood be reduced. THE British steamer tloracio, ' taw. Graystown and Belize, is detained at quarantine at New York, as it i* believed a malady of one of the passengers, nto - died jnst before reaching, port, was y*Ue>w fever. PITTSBURG reports that efforts are Vifaj, made to consolidate the Eastern and West­ ern green-bottle blowers* !&£»: 1LJfiZk- 7*. i4 s - '> • i, W«Sr--