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rsv.v 4 * -„Jt t • •< ('i;,'!Tit V 1 *, «;«, <> *?» ~ ?SF'f >*<% ,1 c>B*# 'a 2- OUR FOREIGN TRADE. T0C pWTj> OF AMERICAN® NLARGE IT. ?o 1%t,:'jSbt" Seeking Annexation of Territory, 1>nt V "Annexation of Trade"--Statistics Sliow- • .•?!; log How Reciprocity Will Increase Oar "Wealth--A Masterly AUctress by Hon. ." -James G. Blaine. WATKRVILLJE, Me.. Aug. 30.--A public mass meeting was held hist night. an(}» '•?; 1 after Gov. Burleigh had spoken. Prcsi- , dent Smith, of Colby university, intro- ^ , .educed "the leader of the republican 1 party and the famous advocate of pro- * grcssive protective tariff. Hon J as. G ^ .Blaine." In regard to the n&tioiral ques- tion Mr. Blaine said: "I wish to declare the opinion that the United States has reached that point where one of its highest duties is an enlarged urea of its foreign trade. Under the beneficent policy of protection we have developed ;i volume of manufactures, which in many de­ partments overruns the demands of the home market. In the field of agriculture. . ,.t with the immense population engagedln It , <v-„* and by the aid of improved agrirultimil im- plements. we can do far more than produce " 5 breads tulls and provisions for our o.vn peo­ ple ; nor would it be an ambijKous destiny for so preat a country as.our^-o manufact­ ure only what we can consume, or produce \ only what we can eat. ffo are a I ready . -lu 1:jnmtiy fabrics and in 'fii.ui>' products, far beyond that, and our great demand'. Is ex- - pansion; I mean expansion of trade with countries where we can find profit!)hie -iyx- •cbange. AVe are not seeking annexation of territory. Certainly we do not desire it. -04»*" 'unless it should come' by volition of a peo- pie who might ask the priceless boon of a place under the flag of the union. I feel -sure that for a long time to come' the' peo- • pie of the United States will be wisely con­ tented with our present area and not launch • upon any sclieme of annexation. At th.i same time I think we should bo unwisely • •content if we did not seek to engage In what the younger Pitt so well' termed, -the an­ nexation of trade.' For neatly thirty years now the United States has lT:id tiie great advantage of a protective tariff, by far the longest unbroken period that its industrial policy has been in force sinee the federal government was organized. Happily a great majority Of our people, without strict regard to party lines, believe the results to the American people from the protective policy have been incal­ culably benelicent, aggregating in a quarter of & century a national anil individual wealth beyond anything ever dreamed of •before in the history of the world. I do not mention protection because 1 do not intend to Sf)eak in reference thereto before this addience. That would be a needless, if not an Impertinent effort. I ""merely wish to proclaim its victories. Without protection the United States would have been poor in­ deed after the ravages of war from 18«1 to 1868; with protection every section flour­ ished and prospered and has grown and gained. Even where revenue duties have been laid with no expectation of developing industries there have, in many instances, been great financial and industrial results. The duty on silk was levied primarily, not for protection, hut simply to secure a large revenue from one of the luxuricsof the rich, and a$ a consequence the silk industry has increased so rapidly that it constitutes one of the-leading fabrics of New Jersey, one of the largest manufacturing states of the union. I could readily advance other illus­ trations to the same effect. "As I have already intimated, I am here to speak of the expansion of our foreign trade, but not by any novel procpss, not by any mode that will shock or disturb home industries, not by any mode that will invite our people to rash experiments or that will launch us in doubtful and dangerous invest­ ments. What I mean to speak of briefly is a system of reciprocity not in conflict with the protective tariff, but supplementary thereto, and presenting a field of enterprise that will richly repay the efforts and energy of the American people. We shall find it instructive and valuable to examine into the sources of our imports and the destina­ tion of our exports and to strike a balance between the two. Take last year, 1889. In that year our whole exports to all the countries in the three continents of Europe Aula and Africa and Australia, Canada and Hawaii, amounted In round numbers to $658,000,000, and our Imports from all those countries amounted in round numbers to $529,(W)0,000, showing that from that vast trade we had a balance of $129,000,000 in our favor, equivalent to that amount of gold among our people. But when all ac­ counts are closed, instead of having $129,- 000,000 in our favor, we had a balance of $13,000,000 against us from foreign trades We must therefore have lost 8142,000.000 in our commerce with countries outside of those to which I have referred. Wh^re could we have found such a large adverse balance? Let me tell you. We lost §41, 000,000 in Cuba, from which its imports were $52,000,000 and to which our exports were only $11,000,000. Forty-one million is pretty large sum to lose in that island in a single year. In the republic of Brazil wi lost $51,000,000, our exports to Brazil being $9,000,000. In Mexico wo lost $10,000,000 our imports from Mexico being 821,000,000. and our exports to Mexico being $11,000,000 To sum it all up our imports from the countries south of us were §21(5,000,000, and our exports to them were $74,000,000. The balance against U8 in our trade with these countries therefore Is 8142,000,000, exceed log our gains from all the rest of the world by $113,000,000. "By no figuro of speech can we flatter ourselves into the belief that our trade With our American neighbors is in a prosperous condition. How can this state of affairs be remedied? You have heard a great deal said within the past ten years by our demo cratic friends about the iniquity of the re publican party in keeping up the war tariff. As a matter of fact the war tariff has npt been kept up, but has been amended over and over again until the revision of 1883 left scarcely a trace of the actual tariff that was in operation at the close of the war and for a few years afterward. During the war We were compelled to tax almost every­ thing--in the air, in the water, on the earth and under the earth. The necessities of tho government were so great that we could allow scarcely anything to bo imported without paying tribute, and I think no patriotic man can deny that that was a wise policy. We were not then study­ ing the philosophy of trade relations, but hew to save the life of the nation. Money was the primal neces­ sity, and we seized it wherever we could reach it lawfully, but during tho last eight­ een years a great change has been made. So entirely has the war tariff been abolished that in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1890, the articles admitted free were considerably more than one-third of all the imports. To be exact, the imported articles that paid duty exceeded S48ci,000,000 in value, and the Imported articles that paid no duty ex­ ceeded $256,000,000 in value. The inevitable tendency is, I think, toward an increase of the free list. Our great mistake was made when we began to repeal war duties on so large an amount of imports. Any duty re­ pealed was a favor and advantage to an ex­ porting country, and we have asked nothing In returti. Instead of this course (which I toust say was one of carelessness and waste­ fulness by both political parties) every repeal of duty should have been preceded by a most thorough in­ vestigation and whenever it was found praticable to export anything from the United States, and thus establish reciprocity of trade. It should be done. I do not, of course, intend to declare or imply that we could have secured '/he free admission of $856,000,000 of American products into " countries whose' products we purchase an­ nually to that amount. A rich country can­ not expect to get complete reciprocity in amount from countries, less wealthy, but whatever we should have received would have been clear gain, and in all future re­ peals of duties whatever we may be able to get will be clear gain. It is not a question of setting deliberately at work to establish reciprocal changes. But with all the duties we have thus far repealed it has been a question of whether we should get some- tiling or nothing. Wo have chosen, with our eyes closed, to get nothing. I hope now, with our eyes open, that we shall in the future choose to get something. "We encounter opposition to this policy •.J- • from those who declare that if we enter into ^ reciprocity of trade with one country we : i, must do so with all countries, and thus Ming about complete free trade. I do riot see logic in this and I am sure the fact will not prove what is predicted. We may enter into reciprocity with one nation because we tod advantage in it. We may decline to enter into reciprocity with another nation because we see no advantage in It. Reci­ procity is simply a policy of circumstances. LIS?-;-* to be determined favorably or adversely according as its operations may make or lose for us. To say because we enter Into reciprocal relations with one country in one thing we must enter intov reciprocal rela­ tions with all other countries in all things* is, to my mind, as absurd as to say that if I buy a horse to-day I must necessarily buy a drove of asses to-morrow. All objections of that kind are, I aim sure, unfounded and will not stand the test of argument or prac­ tical trials. ••Our people do not reallw; the great fact that if specie payment is endangered in this country it is likely to be endangered by our present system of trade with tjie Latin- American states. Tho few millions of gold that have gone out of our country within the last three months have created an un­ easiness in certain quarters as to our finan­ cial position. It is very extraordinary that the loss of those millions from the banks in Wall street should be accounted so serious an event when we have lost a much larger amount during the same period from the condition of our trade with countries south of us without exciting the least observa­ tion. When our merchants and bankers cotne to thoroughly appreciate this fact wo shall receive aid and influence in the re­ form of our trade from a quarter which tlius.far it has been impossible to enlist." The vast audience listened with the profoundest attention and the speech met with great approval. Hon. Wni. E. i Mason, of Illinois, followed, indorsing in 1 an enthusiast!** speech the principles of reciprocal trade. The meeting closed With an earnest speech by llnry Cabot Lodge, advocating before 'the people tho federal election bill, and warning • voters that the government must protect,^,. citizeris in the right to vote.; • ' * 0,°" GREAT DAY FOR LABOU^ CONDITION OF CROPS.'a BIG FIRM GOES UNDER' AFFAIRS p liXIXQXS,; The financial department of the govern ' 4 went has been managed prudently and ably l>y that distinguished financier, Secretary j Windom. That large sum of money which was deposited by the Cleveland administra- 1 tion with banks, principally in the east, is ; being withdrawn and used for the payment of the debts of the government as rapidly as it can safely be done. Since the advent into power of this administration the aver­ age purchase of bonds has been $8,206,000 monthly, while during the preceding ad­ ministration no bonds of the government were bought from the 4th day of March, 1SS5. to the 3*1 day of August. 188*. The debt has l>een reduced $140,000.000 under tho present administration. The interest- bearing debt of the government to-day Is a little short of ST00.000.000, while three years ago it was $988,000,000. The government finds the greatest difficulty In getting its own bonds. They are valued almost above price. The credit of the government is so high and this character of security so safe that investors are slow to pari with their bonds, and it is a serious problem as how to get them. the government hav­ ing the money in the treasury to pay them. This Is in great contrast with the condition CHICAGO'S WORKINCMEN TURN - * OUT AND PARADES. " One* !>ay in the Year When the TolWn in the City 1 ay Aside Their Work and •J t>i» J in Making m Holiday -- Scenes Alone the Line of March. [Chicago dispatch.] A day especially reserved for the Amer icah workingman to march out on tho highways and, as it were, exclaim: "We are the people!" has a fixed placc in tlta calendar of this big tow n of working- men. Public oil ices close, school does not keep, sixteen feet of Stars and Stripes are tlung from tho flag-staff on the City Hall. Nobody labors on Labor Day--nobody to amount to anything. The streets, tho parks and the newspapers are given over for once to the man with the strong hands and the sweating brow. And ho takes them proudly and just barely says: "Thank you." They belonged to him be- THE MOISTURE CAMETOO LATE SAWYER, WALLACE & CO. FAIL TO HELP THE CORN. FOR MILLIONS* of tho treasury when the democrats yielded I fore, says he, bujt he Only cares to uso NOTE! M'KINLEY'S KEY [Lincoln. Neb- Jouriiel.] : ' Mil). McKinley has bfcen renominated lor congress in his district, which lias been rrymandered for a big democrat ic major- it/ by the democratic legislature, and he is full of fight, and will not be easily gerry­ mandered ovit of office. His speech of acceptance was a well consid­ ered document and isfullof good republican meat. He first calls attention to the whole­ some reform in the rules of the house by the republican majority, whereby gentle­ men drawing good pay for alleged work are no longer able to obstruct business and de­ feat measures for the good of .the country by sitting dumb in their seats when the roll is called. Then he recalls the platform of the re­ publican party in 1888, and shows that the majority In congress has lil'ed up to the principles theielu enunciated. Among other measure^ the house has passed a bill to secure honest returns of elections of members of congress. Of this bill he says: •To cast upon it prejudice and oppro­ brium, to giv& ft a character which does not belong to it, ii is designated by our polit­ ical adversaries as a 'force bill.' It is wrongly nam(id. It Is a misnomer, and a wilful one. It is, in fact, an anti-force bill. It is a bill to prevent force from seizing our elections and overriding a constitutional majority. It is to protect the ballot box from the fraud and the force of the minor­ ity. It is called a harsh measure. Not so. It will rest lightly upon every honest voter who is willing to accord to every other hon est voter the same right which he enjoys If it is harsh, it is only so against the law breakers; if severe, only upon the nullifiers of the constitution, the stuffer of ballot boxes and those who would 'doctor" returns to reverse tho will of tho people. It will never be needed and never be enforced if every section of this country will protect its citizens in the fullest enjoyment of the constitutional right of suffrage." lie then speaks of the good effect of the 'customs administrative bill" for tlio pro­ tection of the revenues from fraud Jhi un­ dervaluations; of the joint resolution for the better protection of the silk and worsted industries that had been greatly injured by decisions adverse to them by the revenue department under the preceding adminis­ tration; of the bankruptcy bill, recom­ mended by tho boards of trade and business men of the country; of the bill creating a circuit court to relieve the supreme court of its tremendous pressuro; of tho "original package bill;" the "anti-lottery bill;" of the bill making an annual appropriation to the various state agricultural col­ leges ; of the meat inspection bill, cal­ culated to restore confidence of foreign nations in our exported meats; of the com­ pound lard bill, requiring that article to bo correctly labelled as in the case of oleo- inargerlne; the anti-trust bill striking at combinations of capital to fix prices, so that they reap undue profits; of the admission of the new states that were kept out during the four years of democratic rule, *tliough fairly entitled to admission into the union; of the bill that restores 8.000,000 acres of unearned lands that had been reserved for railroads to the public domain, and of the disability pension bill the most liberal legis­ lation for old soldiers that has ever been made by any nation. Then he devotes a little attention to the silver bill as follows: "We made another pledge, 'that the re­ publican party is in favor of the use of both gol*^ and silver as money.' that the one should not be discriminated against, but that both should be eqtfal and alike recog­ nized by the government. That pledge has been kept. Tho congress of the United States has passed a law which utilizes every ounce of the silver product of the United States, and even more utilizes it for money and turns it into the channels of trade and avenues of business, and as a result silver is nearer a parity with gold to-day than it has been in the last fifteen years. By this law wo have not only increased the circu­ lating medium of the country, but we have made that circulating medium asolutely safe, making all the money of the country interchangeable with gold and silver, and redeemable in either or both of these met­ als. Not ft single democrat voted for the silv^i bill. It passed in spite of demo­ cratic opposition. The democrats had the house of representatives and the presidency for four years and did noth­ ing for sliver but to discredit-it. Cleve­ land's first act was to demand the suspen­ sion of the coinage of the silver dollar. We plodged the restoration of silver to its true and ancient relation In our monetary sys­ tem, aUd it has l>eeu done. When Cleveland went out of office the silver dollar was worth 71 cents. Our legislation lias brought it up to 92 1-2 cents. Our 360.000,0(10 of sil­ ver dollars, measured by the world's stand-' ard, were worth 8266,400,000 then; they are now worth $333,000,000. or $66,000,000 more than under Cleveland's management, an •enhanced value to the people of $66,000,- 000." Of his tariff bill he says: "Another purpose we declared in Chicago, another pledge we made to the people, to revise the tariff on the lines of protection. How? Let me recall the platform: 'By such revision as will tend to check imports of such articles as are producod by our peo­ ple, the production of which gives employ­ ment to our labor, and release from import duty those articles of for­ eign production (except luxuries) the like of which cannot be pro­ duced at home.' No one questions but that the house has kept that pledge in every re­ spect In the bill which is sent to the senate of the'United States. It has lowered duties when they were in the Interest of the people, and It has had the courage to raise them when to do so was to inaugurate or promote great industries, and enlarge the field of employment for American men and women. If any doubt ever existed that the house tariff bill was a piece of American legisla­ tion for the benefit of the American people, and in the line of the country's largest pros­ perity, that doubt must, have long since been removed by tho manifestations of op position which have come from the leading and competing nations of the world." To the charge of extravagant appropria­ tions he says: "It has bean charged that we have been extravagant in our appropriations. To this I want to say that our appropriations will be larger this year than last because of the growth of the postal service and the . In­ creased facilities given to the people in the transmission of the mails, and the large sums carried by the river and harbor bill, for we made no appropriations last year for the great waterways of the country. The appropriations this year, though large, aro made necessary by the increasing business of the country, and it must not be forgotten that the great lakes and rivers furnish the cheapest transportation to the farmer and producer, and therefore cheaper products to the consumer. To this must be added the increased ap­ propriations for pensions under existing laws with additional pension legislation. I assert that, omitting these three Items, the appropriations otherwise will be less than last year. Who will say they are not Justi­ fied and necessary?" Concerning the difference of the two control of the government in isftl. Then we could not get anylx>dy to take our bonds at pny price: they could not pass the scrutiny of the broker or the money lender. Now we cannot get the people holding them to give them up without a large preiijlum. Then we relied upon borrowing, to meet the current expenses: now we have a large sur­ plus above our current needs, and instead of loaning it, without interest .to the banks, was the custom of the last administra­ tion.' we arc striving to apply it to the ex­ tinguishment-of the national debt, and to provide against a future surplus we are proposing to remove taxation whercit falls heaviest upon the people." Upon the whole tho utterances Of Mr. Mclvlnley at Cleveland ard of great im­ portance and his speech will be an excellent campaign document, not only in tlio Ohio campaign, but all. over tho country, and i ought to be extensively circulated amor.? tho farmers and business men of the nation. LOOK OUT FOR IT. [Sioux City Daily Times.] The Calamity .Jane organs have had a groat set back this season through the goad supply of farm products and the ! al;r.ost unpreeedontocUy high prices ' winch they arc bringing on the market. | W till corn and Wheat and potatoes at the | very top notch, with a disposition to go beyond any notch at all, it is difficult to i g&t a sympathetic audience for a Calamity t speech, or to find constant readers for Calamity articles. Hut there is one re- j S];ect In which the fates have been kin'l t to ibe Calamity Jane democrat)."; frjd trade organs, and tho peoplu warned to look out for it. Atonff >ast winter and spring, many ft jighty articles appeared in freo trade o: gans, showing how the proposed in- eased duty on tin would affect the yjor. It would, they said, put the atl- cHional tax on the workingman's dinner rail. This dinner pail argument was cn»c of tho most effective, lurid, pictur- oiftuo and graphic ever hit upon by a demagogue. It caught the people who wvre anxious to be caught, and gave great aid and comfort to the free trade pi ess. There was not, some of the free tp»de papers said, an ounce of gtinuine tin in America, from ' wf jcli tin plate could be made. TUo movement for increased duty on tin wa? but a scheme to rob the people. Evfry article in the manufacture of wlirih tin plate was employed would be materially higher. Canned goods would be Mghor. Great stress was laid upon can >ed goods, and although it has been repeatedly shown that the increased cost on a can would be so infinitesimal as not in the least to affect tho retail price of canned goods, it is here that tho fates have been kind to the Calamity Jane freo trade organs Vegetables and fruits are scarce and high. They will be higher. Canned goods, both fruits aud vegetables, will be high. The free trade organs will get out their tin plate argument agaiw, burnish it up, and seek to make it ap­ pear that the high price of canned goods is duo to the duty on tin. Look: out for it; but don't be fooled by it. It is as un­ true as the majority of free trade state­ ments. THE FRENCH PBES9 ON POttK. [Chicago Inter Ocean.1 The most widely circulated newspa­ pers of the French republic insist upon the old terms of a moderate tariff duty. It is the democratic newspapers of the United States that insist upon its exclusion from Franco until the American protective system shall be * supplanted by tho British free-trade system. Tlio democratic party would limit the foreign market of the American farmer, if by so doing it could create agricultural distress, and then use it as a lever for the overthrow of protection. The democratic party never is happy except when it is making some great part of the industrial community unhappy. The French people need our pork; we do not need their wines and laces. We can make our own wines and laces. They cannot make their own pork. If they admit our pork at a moderate duty we will continue to admit their wines and laces at a moderate duty. If they don't we won't. If they don't they will lose the salo of 400,000,000 of francs worth of exports which we now take from them, and will have just as many mouths to be fed with meat.enhanced by the exclusion of Amer­ ican pork. But if we manufacture for ourselves the 400,000.000 francs worth of stuff which we now import we shall give employment to a largo number of Ameri­ can citizens who will go far toward sup­ plying a homo market in place of that' foreign market for pork which French obstinacy has closed to our farmer for nearly nine years. The French news­ papers recognize the logic of the situar tion; the American free trade newspapers don't. They very seldom do. EX-MAYOU JOHN A. KOCHK, of Chi­ cago, ijays a writer in the New York Press, is at the Fifth Avenue hotel. He has dropped politics entirely since he was defeated for re-election, although he still keeps a close watch on affairs in Illi­ nois. I asked him yesterday what affect tho democratic tom-toming in his state would have on the election this fall. "It will serve to bring out the republican vote," said he. "The Democrats cannot win. Thcy'have kept Gen. Palmer at work all summer, and I will be mistaken if he doesn't break down before the real canvas begins. They are making a great hue and cry, but they will not get the votes." MCKINI.EY'S friends have got up for nee i the congressional fight a badge that is a ?P" bac'ge. "On the top is the gallant major's picture. Below, with the motto, "In Spite of All" is a facsimile of McKinley's district as gerrymandered by the des- ptrate Ohio democracy. What the dis­ trict now resembles no fellow can describe, for it looks like nothing con­ ceived of in geometry or devised by a ctecent politician. ™. A GEORGIA editor in resigning a country postoffice writes: "The receipts for the last month have been 80.40, the rent and clerk hire S10. Being democrat, vfe can no longer get our con­ sent to hold office under a republican administration; hence, we resign." ; THKKE is a young man in Belfast, Mo., but"35 years of age who is the father of three daughters all by a different mother from legitimate marriage. One is 7 years of age, another 3 years and the last 3 months old. • Air extension table-the multiplication tatta.--item* Si/tiny* them once a year. Yesterday's demonstration was not so boastful as previous labor parades 'havo been. The banners were a trifle more modest and less Inclination was shown to bump tuta men with plug hats oh the corner. . There were 8,740 men in lino, and per­ haps they had good reason to feel proud, but the people who ^watched the line drawn like a cable through a sheathing of spectators ten feet thick on Jackson 'streetwere astonished, not so mitch by •tho.ske of the procession, for 8,740 men js Viol a drop in the veins of this place, as by the evidence that half the' thou­ sands of men and Women who cheered <m the marchers themselves belonged to the organizations represented in tho parade. The tramp began at Lake-Front Park. Not long $fter daybreak the bands were playing and young men in , the stunning clothes a Chicago workingman loves to don once in a While could be met on any down-town street plodding over to the rendezvous from the West and North Sides. At 10 o'clock the park was jammed from tho Illinois Central fence to Michigan avenue with a crowd in 'which no man was capable of individual motion. It surged to and fro as if it I vere set on rockers, and when it moved I forward it went with a huge lunge that drove a handful of boulevard policeman flying before it. All one could see of tho throng was a vision of the printers'stove­ pipe hats and a hundred transparencies waving around them. The crowd took the jam good-naturedly enough and the women were noticeably jolly about it, and no wonder. They were the best treated women that ever fell into a hurly-burly throng. The men gave way to them and allowed them to occupy the parquet seats on the curb. A tall girl with a blu<' hat received almost an ovation near V 'bash avenue when the plumbers trawpod down Jackson street. They all kfiew her. evidently, and when she waved her handkerchief at them a chorus of "Why. hel--lo, Nellie!" went up and the plumbers stop­ ped to shake hands with her until tho machinery men bumped into them. The procession started about 11:30 o'clock, and for two hours it wound through the streets. For an hour after the boomety-boom-boom-boom of the bass drum sounded it seemed that the procession would be interminable. The people were so thick c:i the street that they left only a narrow alley for the men to march through. It was so nar­ row when a sudden movement caused a bulge in tlio walls that marching by fours became almost impossible, and most of the organizations were com­ pelled to form in threes or twos. At times the lino became so thin that it looked like a bright thread in the black blanket covering the Mrwfifc. There was a pleasant incident con­ nected with the arrival of the carpen­ ters' house in the line. A young man wearing a blue badge tried to stop it aud quarreled with the driver. While his friends were holding him the driver whipped up and got in line. The young man followed with the intention ol slugging the driver, but he fell in with some marching carpenters, and, while ho was talking to them, a large man stepped down from the back stoop of the house and batted this aggressive person on the nose. Then he went back into the house and the young man withdrew, bleeding unpleasantly. This was only an incident, though, and a rare one. The procession was un­ usually jolly and it bandied jokes with its friends along the line. "Why don't yo byes wear yer coats when yez appears in public?" shouted a voic.i from the crowd as the molders went by. ".If ye'll gimme back tho wan ye'er father, stholo from moine, Oi'll wear that," replied a big molder who was keen at repartee. "Rats" was also treated with a lot of chaff. "Rats" is the plumber's boy, and he was proud of the 'distinction of wear­ ing white gloves and marching behind the great Second Regiment Baud. But it took the pride out of him to hear a roar at every block: "Rats, are you with me? Fifty dollars for pipe." "Rats" marched on heedless, though, and he was one of the effective features of the great turnout. Everywhere the parade, was cheered and everywhere the streets were choked with its admirers. Sailing through the streets of the North ami South Sides it took it* punishment of the dust and heat with a grinning face and declared, as has been remarked before, with a rear that could be. heard across the lake: "Wo are the peopl®!" They were. Items of Interest. TEX ordinary eggs will weigh a pound. BILLIARD cloth makes the dryest case for a banjo. LAND is 300 times as valuable now as it w as 200 years ago. AN old crock found buried at York contained the body of a child. TJIIRTKE.V cantaloupes raised by a farmer near Bridgeton, N. J., filled a barrel. SEVEN out of every eight loaves of bread eaten in London are made from foreign wheat. TIIF.KE is a threatened decrease in tho rent of flats in Now York, because of their multiplicity. DEVICES for saving ice are in demand. There is nothing better than wrapping it in newspapers. A WELI.-KNOWX countess in England recently paid a board bill for herself and twenty-three cats, over forty goats, two dogs, and a nionKey. A DELINQUENT subscriber presented a Georgia editor with a beet weighing twenty pounds, and tho editor publicly thanked the donor for "so characteristic a gift." 1 • <f TIIE photographic newspaper is the next thing in journalism. Paris already has one which deals with all sorts of subjects in the most thorough n:anner. London is likely to have one very soo».i. ROUEN and Havre are making great efforts to prevent Paris from becoming a seaport by the deepening of the channel of tho River Seine. These flourishing seaports realize that their trade would be gone if Paris should become a port. TIIE Indian Government has published a return showing that in the years 1887, 1888, and 1889, 372 males and 132 fe­ males were torturod by dacoits in tho central division of Upper Burmah. Ono hundred and eighteen cas»a- wsulted In death. " ' ;• NnfcMlH Will Be Nubbins. Rain or No Saia --Little Corn > afe from Frost Before Sept. 15-- Late Thr.->Bhingr ICetums Point .o •Ualf a Crop of Oats ol' Poor Quality. [Chicago cispatch.] There has been a general increase of moisture in the West, Northwest and Southwest during the present week. The cffect has been to paitially restore the pastures and meadows, freshen up the leaves of the corn, and put tho ground in very fair condition for plowing. In tho oat belt the rains have not been heavy enough to prevent thrashing, and another week will see this important crop all secured. A year ago at this date thrashing of oats had hardly commenced. Even then, at the low prices which were ruling, oats were moving very freely. Country e'.e vators were nearly full of oats. Grain dealers were beginning to ex­ perience great difficulty with handling the immense crop which Was made that season. The conditions, however, to-day are exactly the reverse. F,armors aro prac tieally selling 110 oats. At no time since thrashing commenced have the facts be­ come more apparent with regard to the poor quality of the crop and the small- ness of the yield per acre than to-day. Thrashing returns this season from 402 points report a yield of from ten to twenty-live bushels per acre. From like number of points in^1889 the yield was reported at from thirty to forty bushels per acre. I * ported thirty days ago in the col­ umns of the TrUmnc tiie prospects for a half-crop of *oats. These thrashing re turns would seem to confirm that state luent. Out of 700 reports in answer to the question. Will there be any surplus of oats in your locality?--and these reports over points in Illinois. Iowa, Kansas Nebraska, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio Michigan, Minnesota. Wisconsin, Da kota, Kentucky, and Tennessee--the re turns make this showing: 216 answer yes; 4S4 answer no surplus. When the oat crop was beginning to fill it was stricken by rust, and this is in the main tho reason that to-day the thrashing re­ turns are so poor and the quality of the crop so inferior to that of 1889. During the last fourteen days the corn crop of the country--what there -is left of it--has had more or less rain. The unanimous opinion, however, is that these rains came too lato to do any good to t he crop. In Northern Dakota the bulk of the spring wheat crop is in shock. Crops of spring >vhoat while they were standing on the ground, estimated at from fifteen to twenty bushels per acre, have been thrashed and returns are from eight tc eleven and No. 2 quality. Considerable grain is being stacked, and a free move­ ment is not looked for before tho 1st of November. The movement of winter wheat in Central and Southern Illinois from farm­ ers' hands has steadily decreased since the 1st of August. All the offerings have l.een freely taken by country millers. Farmers are well, along with..plowing for the new crop. The general feeling seems to be to large­ ly increase th<^ acreage of wheat over last season. In Southorft Indiana fully -three- fourths of the land Is now plowed for wheat. Seeding ought to commence about Sept. 20. The movement of wheat has fallen off materially during tho last thirty days. Pastures and meadows have been greatly improved by the recent rains. A poor crop of fruit and vegetables, scarce­ ly any pcachcs, and not half a crop of apples. In Northern and Central Indiana plowing is nearly done. The scarcity of good seed wheat will havo the tendency to decrease the acreage. Seed wheat is coming now from Michigan. Very little, if.any, wheat moving. Southern and Centrai Michigan report that plowing and seeding aro now in progress. Tho seedbed has not been in as fine condition for thrco years as it is to-day. The acreage will be about the same a? last season. The wheat is moving very slowly. With no frost until Sept. 15 to Oct. 1 there will bo a fair crop of corn. Meadows and pastures arc improving. Fruit there is none and practically not one-quarter enough for homo consump­ tion. No peaches or* plums. A few pears and apples. Buyers are anxious for wheat and are going among farmers hunting it up, paying 96 cents, 98 cents, aud 81 a bushel. Seed wheat in great demand. Dealers are getting orders from tho South nearly every day for seed wheat, paying $1 to S1..10 a bushel. In Northern Kansas the bulk of tho thrashing of winter wheat is completed. Farmers are selling very little. Fall plowing is progressing finely--about two- thirds done. Seeding ought to commence next week. If farmers had the seed e» were able to buy it the acreage of wheat would be largely increased. Rains came too lato to Ri&ko any im­ provement in the corn crop, and frost at any time before the 20th of September would seriously hurt what corn there is left. No improvement in the potato situa- t o:i. A very short supply of fruit and NCgotables of all kinds. Southern Missouri says tho movement of wheat has not increased. Fanners are busy preparing the ground for tho new crop. Tho demand good from millers for wheat. Supply not equal to more than current wants. Out'.ook for potato crop is very slim. Apple crop light end of a poor quality. They have had very good rains lately in Kentucky. Considerable piowing has already been done. Wiieat has been moving very freely at present prices. Fruit and vegetables arc very scarce. Tennessee needs rain for fall plowing. So far not over half the acreage usually put into wheat Is ready for seeding. But little wheat now selling; SI.25 per cental at Portland the ruling price. Texas reports that the corn crop is now dry enough to gather; that it is being shelled and brought to mills to make broad of. Two thirds of the wheat In the Willa- mettte Valley is now threshed. With tho exception of a few localities the crop is turning out well. No rain since June and the wheat is c jming iu in fine*condition and hard. Potato crop is good. The quality is not surpassed anywhere, and there is a pros­ pect of a large surplus. ITEMS GATHERED FROM VARfe* '• ©US SOURCES.' 1 lie tSreat Commission MeiwhiatW* *wt Brokers, of New York, Fnrrwl to Make an Art!4ignmeut--Xl»e 'Jrouble Caused by a Voting Man's IMsho ie»ty. [New York dispatch.] Sawyer, Wallace & Co.. of New York, Louisville, and London, the largest gen- ral commission merchants and brokers in their line in this country and perhaps n the world, havo suspended payment. it is an absolato and irretrievable col­ lapse and the large capital of the con- em is completely wiped out. It is im­ possible as yet to ascertain the extent of the firm's liabilities, but-they are roughly t'mated by members of the house to-be upward of §2,000,000. The failure was caused by prolonged and useless speculation and, it is be­ lieved. the indiscretions of IJ. W. Saw­ yer. who has charge of the London office Df the concern and controlled practically all of the Europium option business, which was very extensive, as Sawyer, Wallace. & Co.. had 180 agents, embrac­ ing every,city in Europe. The firm has no membership in tho Stock Exchange, very little of its busi­ ness being in that line. But. it. is repre­ sented in, the Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange, the Produce Ex­ change, the Cotton Exchange, the Cof­ fee Exchange, and the Tobacco Board of Trade. While members of the firm and their representatives mftdc no attempt to con­ ceal their -lament-able plight, they were personally disinclined to expose the treachery of the trusted servant who was the cause of their ruin, and whose venerable father, the senior of the firm he had betrayed, was bowed down with this double affliction--the wreck of his business and the disgrace of his son. From unquestionable authority a re­ porter learned some of the wretched de­ tails of the operations which led up to the disaster. For many years the option business of Sawyer, Wallace & Co. for customers in Europe has been very large, especially in the way of speculating in grain and provisions on margin on tho New York Produce Exchange, besides which they handled many contracts from this side for the exchanges and bourses of Europe. This European business grew so large that, for the purpose of handling it more expeditiously and economically, it was de.'ined desirable to open a branch houso in London. Five years ago this was done, and Lucius Willard Sawyejp. eldest son of Samuel A. Sawyer, the head of the firm, was placed in charge of it, with control of the firm's option business in all parts of Europe. There were 180 agents in the various cities of Great Britain and the continent, and all these who handled orders for option trading henceforth transacted all their busi­ ness for Sawyer, Wallace & Co., through the London branch. This, of course, gavo Mr. Sawyer the control of a vast business and tho handling of enormous amounts of money in the shape of mar­ gins and collaterals. L. W. Sawyer is a man now over 40 years of age. He was employed in tho home office in New York in his younger days, but for fifteen years or moro has lived most of his time abroad, lie is married and has a family. While he was at one time a little distrusted by some of his shrewder friends on account of a tendency toward injudicious flyers in the speculative markets, they had hoped that these were merely manifesta­ tions of youthful indiscretion, and that lie had reached a time of life when a man should know better, especially one in such a responsible and lucrative po­ sition. Once a year since the establishment of tho London office it has been tho custom for one of tho firm to visit London and examine the condition of the office there and the relations of the various Euro­ pean agents with the London branch. All seemed to go well, and these annual visits of inspection, which were usually made by the elder Mr. Sawyer or by Mr. Wallace, became merely pleasure trips to Europe for one or other of these ven­ erable gentlemen, Mr. Sawyer pore being 70 years old and Mr. Wallace. 76. Early in the present year, however, certain things came to the ear of the home office in New York which led them to fear that the London manager was speculating on his own account, but when Mr. Sawyer was communicated with by his father he denied the charge strenuously. This lulled suspicion for a time, but early in April there was a re­ newed and still stronger ground for be­ lieving that something y's*1? wrong in London. Mr. Sawyer's drafts on New York wero suspiciously heavy and fre­ quent, aud his reports as to the finances of his office were quite unsatisfactory. His father, the senior Mr. Sawyer, de­ termined to hasten his annual visit of inspection and sailed at once for Lon­ don. His discoveries as soon as he ar­ rived were of the most alarming charac­ ter. He found that his son had deceived his employers and had been speculating recklessly and disastrously. His dealings had begun two years be­ fore, when he went into a big pork deal, buying enormous quantities for a rise, and lie used not only his own money but that of the firm. These purchases were made iu New York and Chicago, his operations being conducted by cafelo through brokers in this city in the Prod­ uce Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade. There had doubtless been oc­ casions while Mr. Sawyer himself stood in the provision ring on the Produce Ex­ change making a purchase or sale for a customer when the broker secretly em­ ployed by his own son in London was at his side operating against him. One of the schemes of Sawyer, Jr., had been the simple one of cabliAg to New York orders for purchases or sales, rep­ resenting that they were for the account of customers, and that tho margins were on deposit in the London office. The fact was, of course, that these speculations were for Sawyer's own ac- cpuitt, and there was no margin to take them up except the firm's credit. "We hoped up to the last,n said a member of the firm, despondently, "but three days ago we gave it up aud knew that we were swamped. We postponed making an assignment as long as pos­ sible, so as to close up as many of our small contracts as we could and gather in the loose ends. We have done our best as honorable men, and we have sur­ rendered all our individual property to the assignee. But our collapse is com­ plete and final and the old house will never resume." InM NeigrMwrs Are Doing-- of General ami I-oral Interest -- »*•>»: rlagcH an<i Deaths--Aceide;ii» and Crimes : --Personal 1'ujjilers. THE Illinois Central Rai*road Company has made a proposition to the city of Chicago and the World's Fair directory to settle the Lake Front litigation by surrendering 117 aer 's of land, includ­ ing T.'i acres of made ground, for 127 acres of land tinder the lake. It is will­ ing to surrender its 200-foot right of way. equal'to forty acres: its yards and pier between Thirteenth aud Sixteenth streets, containing thirty-five acres; its riparian rights to submerged land from Twenty-first street north, amount­ ing to forty-one acres, for a new right of way 300 feet wide from Twenty-third street north to the north line of Adama street, and a connecting right of way fifty feet wide between the new right of way and the tracks north of it on Sixteenth street, this tract embracing eighty-two acres. The company also wants forty-live acres of submerged land between Adams and Randolph streets, and ground enough to insure an easy curve into the new yards. This arrange­ ment would increase both fh • right of way and the yard room by fifty per cent. It would give the city seventy-five acres of made ground adjacent to the Lake Front as it now stands. A firm of con­ tractors has offered to make .the fill in 50 days for 81,480,00). This would make the largest, centrally located, park in the world. THE annual reunion of the famous Gaston family was held at Mount Moriah Church, six miles from Centralia, last week. The members of this family number 000. and they are all descendants of William Gaston, a Revolutionary sol­ dier. who came to this country early in the present century, apd who was a direct descendant of Gaston de Foix, nephew of Louis XII. of France, tho leader of the victorious French army at the great battle of Ravenna in 1513. William Gaston died in 1838 at the age of 83 and was buried at the old Cov­ enanter Church, near Centralia. The records show the following descendants of this old patriot: Nine children, fifty- five grandchildren, 350 great-grandchil­ dren, 700 great-great-grandchildren, andi 180 great-grcat-great-grandehildren, a. total of 1.300, nearly 400 of whom are dead. The reunion lasted two days. TIIK Executive Committee of the Illinois State Teachers' Association met at Springfield last week, and arranged the programme for the annual meeting, to be held in that city between Christ­ mas and New Years. The subjects of "Relation of Home to School." "Value of Science in" Elementary Work," "Value of Literature as an Educational Fac­ tor," and probably the much-advertised question of compulsory attendance will be presented in the convention and dis­ cussed by well-known educators. The usual raiiroad rates have been secured. Items of Interest. THE' Paris Figaro pays yearly a divi­ dend of over £100,000. THERE are seventeen registered sects of Wcsleyans and Methodists. /THE Chinese endure change of climate better than any other race. PEOPLE eat 20 per cent, more bread whs^n the weather is cold than when it is mild. A SHOE firm in Macon, Ga., has been conducting business at one stand for Bixty years. THE number of diamonds known of the weight of thirty-six carats and upward d6es not exceed twenty. WILLIAM I. of Germany served in the army as a full private before ho had at­ tained his seventh year. At seventeen he was in action. v , SPBINOFIKLD dispatch: At the open meeting of the State Board of Equaliza­ tion on Thursday, Mr. Glenn, of Coles County, offered' a resolution declaring „ the purpose of the board to be to in­ crease the assessed returns on the lands,' lots, and personal property of Cook; County from 9188,100,000 to 9238,500,000,, aud calling for a joint meeting of tho committee of the board on these three, classes of property to determine the pro­ portionate share of the increase which1 shall be added to each class. The re so-, lutioq w%s set for c >psideration as a special order next Wednesday, and th» Clerk of-tho board was directed to notify all the Assessors of Cook County to b present on that day and answer que tions iu relation to the assessment an the alleged concealment of property WEEKLY bulletin of the Illinois Weath­ er-Crop Bureau: The temperature of the last week has beon, below tho normal. An average amount of; sunshine prevailed. The rainfall of tho?.. week has been badly distributed throughout^ the State. Heavy rains occurred in the. southern counties, while in the northern and; central divisions the amount of pr®cipita-< tion has been generally below a seasonable^ average. Extracts from observers' reports:? Bond County--The rain has improved thej corn and pasture very much; rainfall, .53? inch. Crawford--The late rains have been benefi-, cial to corn and pastures. The ground is int excellent condition for plowing. Rainfall.! 1.02 inches. ~ t Douglas--The week has been cool andl cloudy, with light rain. Early com is out ofl danger from frost. More than the usual! amount of ground is being prepared for* wheat; some wheat already sown; ground| in fine condition. t Pope--Tho recent rains are helping late| corn, pastures, and potatoes. Breaking! ground for wheat progressing. Rainfall,! .86 inch. ~ "̂ 4 Peoria--Conditions generally favuiuTiloTf Rainfall, .15 inch. J Perry--A remarkable change has occurred! in the weather. It has now become too wete) for corn and plowing. The streams are at; flood-tide. Seven Inches of rain ha+e fallen? during August. Randolph--There was an abundance of rain during the week. Ground in good con-f dltion to plow, but too wet to cultivate. Crops doing well. Pchuyler--Month very dry. Much corn badly injured: estimate, 50 to 75 per cent, of average crop. Rainfall, .35 of an inch, Sangamon--Conditions generally favora­ ble. Fall plowing and wheat seeding in progress. Potatoes poor; fruit plenty.: Hainfall, .19 of an Inch. > La Salle--Corn, the only crop now afToctylf by the weather, has improved very slight!) ;•{ it will be a poor crop. Rainfall. .40 inch, s CHICAGO papers chronicle the death oi Thomas Christopher, aged 98 years, a] native of County Mayo, Ireland. Ha| had fifteen children, twenty-eight grand-| children, aud thirty great-grandchildren, i most of whom are now living in Chicago. - SPRINGFIELD dispatch: "The great; street railroad contest for tho right oft way in different parts of the city seems| to be going strongly in favor of the new| . Electric Company. Mr. VanGinkle. the* • President, has had to contend with the| old mule line company and the City,; Council, but the people in every part of, tho city are with him. and Springfield*^, will soon be well supplied with electric^' transportation."* • Two UNKNOWN men were drowned in|.« the lake at Garfield Park, Chicago, byj the capsizing of a rowboat. The twoj men were evidently brothers, about 23j and 21 vears of age. The accident was. precipitated by an attempt of the rowers! to shift positions in tho boat. men were thrown into the water they( sank immediately, aud did not rise to the-, surface again. When the bodies werej recovered they were found in a tangledl mass of weeds, which had evidently heidifc them under the water aud prevented any attempt at swimming. J; FI'KK destroyed Gray s box factory a% Rock Island. Loss, $<>.000. THE Illinois State Association of - Union ex-Prisoners of War will hold iU twelfth reunion in Clinton, Oct I and 2^. AN Englishman has bought a part of ^n old-fashioned campfire will be one'or Mount Olympus in order to prevent its features of the occasion -• \p * i« .i/.-di iV • % 4 Items of Interest. THE State of Panama demands Chi­ nese exclusion, an influx of coolies hav­ ing crowded the natives. A PARTY of expert oil-drillers .has just sailed from New York for India, whero they are wanted to search for oil. desecration by an enterprising firm which proposed to erect a hotel upon it. JOHN BEASLEY, of Elbert County, Georgia, is 75 years of age. He does his own plowing, has been keeping house fifty-five years, and never bought but eight bushels of corn in his life. IN portions of the unsurveyed terri­ tory at the foot of Mount Baker and Mount Tacoma there are hundreds of trees that measure 650 feet in height. Sortie of their trunks measure -thirty feet in circumference. THE Illiuois State Board of Live Stoel® Commissioners have appointed Frank BL, Armstrong Assistant State Veterinarian* at East St. Louis. BOSCOBKL, the magnificent residence of Col. W. D. Dowdall. near Quincv, was destroyed by fire last week. The was one of the most famous tn Western Illinois, ajjd originally cost, with th«* grounds, some fifty acres, more than §75,000. For tweuty-tive years it h»*l been the home of W. Singleton. i rM*:#W: * s. V4JL . $ A' V