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III:;*58'" ' - r » f t ' - 3 ^ K " » - * > T * 7 ^ V * - : ^ kv>w .; i **» - . . . « . ; « * • ^ , v > ^ _ ' t, j * 1,- •, * ."' ' V-' "•>••. ' , 5«T>" - '& *, »* *• •, « • ' J P$$s : ! ••-"'• f^r* V. -j«-^':";=• !"'.f3?r.w'.v 7" ,i"-'*-?:; - i -•#*•• '•, 1 " ' -/ *»* "' 3 •'/ ' . " . '" ' " \. - v ' ' ' •* **"/'>'.• .'*. ! : > : * .£*V: MARKET QUESTION. FOREIGN MARKETS AND THOSE AT HOME. ••4 than. Our Markets Be Opened to OtMnr -; JCatlons In Order that Me May Gain Ad- m'"s'on to Foreign Markets?--Democrats Want to "MteMganlze" Iova ami Ohio-- ' Bw hnkllB's Belief In Buying at Home. rj I>«t lyec-TrMlm Reul. The relative value of lome and for­ eign markets, says Joseph Mm&io, Jr., Is the chief factor in the determination •f our tariff policy, and, as I think, is Conclusive of the whole subject My • "Successor in office, Colonel Wi.liam F. fswitzler, has courteously prepared for fne a most valuable table, from which it Appears: 1. That the total value of the escorts <©f merchandise from tho countries of Europe to foreign countries was. for the latest year of commercial statistics, $4,311,423. Ore. ^ 3. That the total value of snch exports 4o countries other than those of Europe *ras $1,034,339,541, of which ©357,000,000 was to the United States. The trade fcetween the different countries of Eu­ rope, and especially between contiguous countries, corresponds with our inter­ state commerce, and in the nature of ithings it is not a trade in which the - ;United States can to any extent com­ pete. Without going into details, it ap- -Jpears certain that in the competition Srith the countries of Europe the United jtstates cannot now Increase its foreign exports more than $1,000,000,000^ and ?)|>robably not half that amount. 4 And now let us inquire as to the total jtnagnitude of cur home markets. The fjfcotal value of the products of industry •In the United States for the census year 1880 was, according to the official exhib " ita, $9,253,307,-:8-'. This included only •the merchantab e products of American industry. It failed to take* account of itnany produces of industry, and it did iiot Include the cost of constructing j*ragon roads, railroads, streets, sewers |Or buildings, ( t other fixed improvements t lef any sort or description. Nor did it .jpretend to errtbface the products of any establishment the annuai value of which Was under $500. [ In the yc?r 1884, as Chief of the Bu- f jjfeau of Statistics, I estimated the total r • lvalue of the products of American in ; , jdustry at ten thousand million dollars • T($l0,000,000,000), and my friend Edwar I Jr- • ^Atkinson, of Bcston, a pronounced freo- ' (trader of tl<c scholastic order, arrived at (the same conclusion by an entirely dif- jferent proofs, Byt Mr. Henry V. Poor. *the most eminent railroad statistician in v Hthis country, estimates the value of the r- iinerchandiNfe transported on railroads in ? . Ithe United States during the year 18S7 kit $13,500,000,ui0. He, however, takes I . mo account of the very large Internal jCommerce of the United States on water fines. ft-y; I believe, therefore, that the total k Jnagnitude of tho available foreign mar- ^Irets is greatiy overestimated, and that •$he total magnitude of our home mar­ is' . fleets U underestimated in the following . comparison: Value of foreign markets, h * J|&1,000,000,000; value of home markets, i «$13,500,000,000i This shows the total (magnitude of the home markets to be ;tnore than thirteen times that of the ^possible foreign markets. But the home ; Suarketr is entirely our own, and com­ pletely under our control, while we can 5* *: JOnly hope to secure a share of the for- ;• ' ^ign market in a hot competition with L 'the countries of Europe, where labor i,1 •• And capital are cheaper than ID the 1 United States. P- In his last message President Cleveland j. ' u^»penly recommonde i a general reduction f * in the cost of production in this country hy':y:&y admitting foreign competition, and £,• ' ifce defended this policy by declaring that S It would giV" our manufacturers "a bet- f'% ter chance in foreign markets with the hV manufacturers of other countries" and, - *to their employes more certain and ^ sfteady labor." But this would simply jbe to invite all the worjd to a scramble jfor the advantages of our high home • (tnarket, worth $J3,o00,000,0C0 a year-- |fhe most inviting field of commercial plunder on the glolo--for the privilege f". ,jof competing in the cheap foreign mar- |^;,jcets, worth only $1,000,000,000 a year. V ,«This is the reason why England is so ». Anxious for the re-election of Mr. Cleve- 'I '. land, notwithatanding his late re tali a- " „ tory message. \ The foreign market, instead of afford- \_lng An|ftrican "employes more certain ' aind stoa^u labor" would furnish a most ? ' .Unsteady and uncertain labor. The Violent fluctuations of foreign markets Ihavo demonstrated this. Experience lias abundantly proved that it is only by ? twinging producer and consumer closer C together that greater certainty and i#teadiness of labor are se-ured. This is • v^ne of the best fruits ot protection. The ex-President and free-traders f generally demand that the materials i ,*vhich reach our manufacturers shall be «nade free. During the census year of ,pL8S0 the total value of our products of ^pnanufacture was ̂ "»,3(>;\579,19l, and the .^alue of the materials used was$3,39«,- •$23,549, a sum three times as large as 4ho entire foreign market available for She United States. The market value Jot such materials, usually denominated As "raw materials" by free-traders, is •ntirely tho product of American labor, ;*nd almost entirely labor of the lower grades receiving the relatively lower j-ates of'wages and composing the great f>ulk of American laborers engaged in Agricultural, mechanical, and mining Industries of the United States. Here is just where the blow of free trade , •rould strike first. Our home market is at all times regu­ lated, and the wages of labor and the {trices of commodities are at all times determined by the conditions which se­ cure American ratps of wages to Ameri­ can laborers, and American labor and American capital are entitled to the full jienefits which those conditions afford, fbhis is the key to our prosperity. Free Jlrade is based upon the idea of a world­ wide scramble for cheapness, while pro­ jection is based upon the idea of securing Remunerative employment In this coun­ try for every willing head and hand. it BenJ. Franklin's Belief. K Benjamin Franklin wrote as follows «On April 22, 1771, to C. B. Bouton, of jforwalk, Conn., on the duty of patron­ izing home industries: "If our country •people would well cons'der that all they ^ave in refusing to pur.hase foreign gewgaws, and in making the'.r own ap- . |>arel, being applied to the improvement . fjf their plantations, would render those ' Inore jroiitable as yielding a great prod- • |ice, I should hope they would persist ffesolutely in the present commendable f.v Industry and frugality. And there is ,'j|till another consideration. The co'o- .~4bies that produce provisions grow . Jtery fast But of the countries ,^hat take off those provisions some do V fjot increase at all, as the European Rations, and others, as the West- .tpdia folonies, not in the same proportion. Ivery manufacturer encouraged in our Country makes part of a market for *; Jprovisions within ourselves, and saves po much money to the country as must -ptherwise be exported to pay for the . Manufactures he supplies. Here in (England it is well known and under­ stood that wherever a manufactory is ' • Established which employs a number of fiands It raises the value of lands in the Mieighboring country all around it, part­ ly by the greater demand near at hand for the produce of the land and partly ifrom the plenty of money drawn by the manufacturer! to that part of tho coun­ try. ̂ It seems, therefore, the interest of all our farmers and owners of lands to encourage our young manufactures In preference to foreign ones imported among us from distant countries. Want to uMlehlganlse" Thera. The members of the Republican party outside of Iowa do not appreciate the importance of the election to be held in that State this fall. They say: "Sup­ posing the Democrats do elect the Gov­ ernor as they did two years ago? No special harm is done Supposing they do carry the Legislature? The one clected this fall does not choose a Sen­ ator. \\ hatever Iowa may do in off years she can be relied on in Presi­ dential oucs for 20,000 Republican ma­ jority. " •Perhaps they will understani better the national importance of the approach- iug Iowa election when they come to know that the Legislature to be chosen in November will apportion the State for Congressmen. If the Democrats control it and have a Governor of their own, they will make a gerrymandered apportionment w^lch will give them seven or eight out of the eleven Con­ gressmen, while an honest one would give the Republicans a majority of them. Such a theft of seats might cost the lat­ ter the control of the House after the next Presidential election A Democratic Legislature would make also such a legislative apportionment as to give that party a certain majority in the General Assembly to be chosen in 1893, which will choose Senator Wilson's successor. Defeat in Iowa this fall means that in the course of a few years the two Senators from that State wifl be Democrats. Most important of all, if the Demo­ crats have the Legislature and the Gov­ ernor next winter they will "Michigan- ize" the electoral vote of the State. They will provide for the choice of the district eloctors by Congressional dis­ tricts, and in that way will secure seven or eight of tliem. They will do what was done in Michigan and divide Iowa into two Senatorial districts for the elect'on of the electors-at-large. The eastern district, containing the river counties, will be reliably Democratic. Hence of the thirteen electors eight or nine will bo Democrats and four or five Republicans. And that is the way the vote of the State will be cast for Presi­ dent in 1892 if the Democrats carry the Legislature and elect their Governor this fall. In the light of these facts the National Rcpubli an party ought to look on the Iowa election of 1891 as a very serious affair. It is the intention of the Democrats to play the same game in Ohio if they can secure the Legislature. They care less for the Governor because h s veto can be overridden by a mere majority, while in Iowa it takes two-thirds. If the De:ro 'rats carry Ohio by such a majori­ ty as to give them a certain assurance that they can carry it next year, and thus get all the electors, they will not provide for thoo-dng them by districts. If not satisfied on that point, and in possession of the Legislature, they will "Michiganize* the State. It must be apparent to the dullest capa' ity that the Republicans cannot hope to win next year if the votes of Michigan, Iowa, and Ohio are to be neutralized or to give a small electoral majority against them. They will cast fifty-one "otes. Under voting by States the Republicans would have them all. But if tho3e votes are to be divided so that tho Democrats will have twenty- eight or thirty of the ele tors and the Republicans twenty odd success is hope­ less. And the Solid South will seat its man in the White House, even if they run Mills of Texas. --Chicago Tribune. Another Tab'e to Prove It. - A little less than a year ago the Dem­ ocratic papers were publishing the cur­ rent prices with estimated prices after tho McKinlcy bill would go into effect-- the latter always being from 15 to 50 per cent, higher than the former. This year is the Republicans' year and so the Republican papers are p ibllshin? priees as they were in 1S90, before the McKin- ley bill went into effect, and the prices in 1891, after taking the KcKinley med­ icine. In nearly all cases prices now are lower than they wore last year, and that is why the Democrats are mad. Take the prices, 1800-1891, compiled by the New York Press from the Dry Goods Economist, a free trade paper, but relia­ ble in a business sense: TRADE KAMI O* 0OOD2. Our Reliance.... Pride of the West |1J Pocahontas Sagamore C Utiea Steam Nonpareil: Wauregan 100'« : Wauregan Combine... 1* S •e 1 Q M © i ® a « P* "d O 6^0 5*0 4a H 7H- 4 5 4 10M XO* 4 KH 4 1) 4 I * 5* 4* 4* 4* 4 * Little wonder that the Democratic papers refuse to pub.ish these interest­ ing little tables. Points on Politics. IF Campbell shou'd carry Ohio, Camp­ bell or a New York candidate would be the inevitable logic of the next Demo­ cratic National Convention.--Troy Press (Dem.). THE McKinley bill is no longer on its defense. Eleven months of practical operation have vindicated it as a pro­ moter of American prosperity*--Roches­ ter Democrat and Chronicle. IT is true, Mr. Fa«sett says, that "the Republican party does not stand for anything good when it is not aggressive." That is the best test of to'indness and the only guarantee of success--St Louis Globe-Democrat. THE choice must be made. It is be­ tween progressive Republicanism and the misrule, corruption, and demoral­ ization which will follow the accession of Tammany Hall to power in the State of New York.--Albany Express. FROM the way both Harrison and Blaine are talking now it looks as if the Republican National Convention would have to do us o'wn nominating. Neither of them will be a candidate unless the party demands It--Philadelphia In­ quirer. IF any intelligent observer wishes to judge of the chances of Republican suc­ cess this year, let him call to mind the present political conditions and the con­ ditions which prevailed one year ago. The change in both parties is startling. --Buffalo Express (Rep.). HARKISOX and Blaine are pulling to­ gether like twin brothers in the matter of improving every opportunity to pro­ mote the Republican party's chances of success, and that is as much as it is uec- „essary to know about their relations -- St Louis Globe-Democrat. ? MB. FASSKTT has youth, experience, caution, and courage in his favor, he has a good cause and a united party be­ hind him, and before him he has the certainty of Tammany and the possi­ bility of Mr. Flower's barrel He is likely to be successful despite both of them.--Chicago Inter Ocean. OCR Democratic contemporaries, which last year were condemning the meat in­ spection act as an arbitrary and uncon­ stitutional enactment, are now accord­ ing unstinted praise to it as the means of opening the markets of Germany and Denmark to American pork. Whether this result is attributable solely to that, or in part to the reciprocity clause# of tho McKinley law. It l» to Republican legislation that American farmers owt this boom.--Boston Journal. THE Gorman "boom" can hardly be said to be in opposition to the Cleveland movement, because both are largely en­ gineered by tho same Democratic i oy- ticians- The Gorman boom is based primarily upon the belief that Gov. Hill may have it in his power to prevent the nomination of Mr. Cleveland.--Boston Advertiser (Rep.). THE nom:nee for Governor, J. Sloat Fassett. now Collector of the Port of New York, is young, active, brilliant, and pushing. He is a man upon whom the New York Republicans will unite with en­ thusiastic heartiness. Every time that he has run for office he has been elected by increased majorities, which is , a sig­ nificant omen.--Chicago Tribune. The Ohio Campaign. T«1S «fld Greenbackers ars on the People's party in Ohio and elsewhere. It's natural. They are light and gaseous enough to float on top almost anywhere. --Cleveland Leader. SENATOR SHF.RMAJT says *the present campaign is to be the Gettysburg of dis­ honest money." And as the Union hosts rolled back the minions of Leo on the occasion of the flood-tide of the rebell­ ion, so will the voters of Ohio charge and scatter the free-silver Democracy.--Ohio State Journal. THE traveling croakers from other States who are preachicg calamity and ruin to the farmers of Ohio, evidently prepared what they are now saying last winter. The actual condition of things with prosperity and abundance on every side is such that their mournful diatribes are received either with contemptuous silence or with loud and derisive laugh­ ter.--Columbus (Ohio) State Journal. IT is the boast, of the new party lead­ ers that they will be able to throw at least 40,000 votes against the Republican candidates for the Legislature in Ohio, and that thoy will certainly prevent the election of a Republican successor to Senator Sherman. Their solo aim is to control the Legislature or to make sure tbat the Republicans do not control it -- Cincinnati Times-Star. MAJOR MCKINT/EY is not only in thor­ ough touch and accord with the farmers, but something of a farmer himself. He owns a farm of 165 acres in Columbiana County, one of eighty acres in Defiance County, and a small tract near Canton. He delights in farm life, and tho great­ est effbrts of his useful career have been devoted to the protection and fostering care of American agriculture.--Toledo Blade Ix his address to the people of Pom- eroy, Ohio, Major McKinloy was able to make use of an argument that went home with telling effect A large rolling mill was erected in Pomeroy several years ago, but for a long time previous to last October it had stood idle and empty. When the McKinley law went into effect it brought an immediate In­ dustrial awakening to the town. The rolling mill was promptly set to work, and it is now running night and day manufacturing cotton ties. It employs 300 workmen at good wages, where none were employed before, and it furnishes the means of comfortable support to 1,20 J or 1,500 persons --New York Press A Tariff Picture. The MoKinley bill impair* oar export trade, doe* it? Than how i» it that, whereas the ex­ ports of July, 1830, increased only •2,056,618 over those of July, 1899, those of July, 1991, in­ creased •8,̂ 09,207 over those of July, 1830?--New York Press. Trouble with the Tonsil*. The tonsils are small, almond-shaped glands lying on ea -h side of the upper portion of the throat. They can easily be seen if the tongue is held down with the handle of a spoon. They contain a fluid-like mucus which oozes from them when they are pressed. Its object is to moisten the food as it passes into the throat and make it slip down more easi­ ly. Sometimes these glands become very much inflamed and may ulcerate, causing the disease known as quinsy or toiisilitis The swelling causes the tonsils to meet across the throat, rendering the act of swallowing very difficult and pro­ ducing a sensation of suffocation, says a trained nurse in. the Ladies' Home Journal. There are sharp, shooting pains from the throat to the ear, and the invalid feels feverish and miserable. Even talking is painful. Cold applications to the outside of the throat give relief in the early stages, and bits of ice held in the mouth help to subdue the inflammation. Later, if ab­ scesses form in the tonsils, hot poultices and fomentations are used to hasten the formation of pus so that they may be ready more quickly to lance. Inhal­ ing the steam from a pitcher of boiling water is recommended. Fit a tin funnel over the top of the pitcher and put the end of the tube in the patient's mouth. Cincinnati Enquirer. Workmen in Michigan. In Michigan the Bureau of Labor and Statistics has just finished an in­ teresting investigation. A personal canvass was made of 8,838 workmen in 201 different shops and factories. Each workman was visited by an agent of the bureau, who secured the information required. Fifty-seven out of every 100 of these employes and operatives were born in the United States. Their total annual earnings were $4,127,591.20, or an average of $467.02 each. The aver­ age weekly wages of married men is $11.50 and of single men $8.12. All the men taken together earn an av­ erage of $10.06 a week, or $1.67 a day. Scotchmen, Englishmen and Americans are the best livers in the order named. Polanders and Ger­ mans spend the least for living; 2,328 of these operatives own their own homes, the percent­ age of married men owning their homes being 46; 68 per cent, of these homes were mortgaged, and for about 37 per cent, of their value; 40 per cent, of these em­ ployes saved something from their earnings during the year, the remain­ der consumed what they earned; 2,116 of these workmen carried life insur­ ance; 3,627 of these workmen own sewing machines, or 70 per cent, of those who support families; 5,949 of; them took newspapers and magazines, showing that reading isgeneral among this class of persons; 5,103 of them took daily papers. Only one person in 20 of the workmen interviewed could not read or write. Only 1,212 persons of the 8,838 were willing to answer questions relating to labor organiza­ tions to which they belonged; 778 of these said their labor societies had been of material assistance to them; 434 Skid they had not been of such assistance to them. These facts are of deep interest to all who are study­ ing the labor problem, as they are the fullest and clearest statements yet made of so large a number of operat­ ives. The average yearly earnings of operatives in Pullman are $600 each, much above the Michigan averhge.--PaUman (111.) Journal. M'KMLEI IN IOWA. GREETED BY A GREAT THRONG „'•/ IN OTTUMWA. rrf I.cyal Rcpntrtlcuns (tattler to Cheer the Ohio Champion--A Gather­ ing that Was Indicative of Wheeler's Success Xext November. .^| There are a few of us left--us Repub-' Jeans. The Hon. William McKinley,1 •lr., was the magnet which proved this assertion by drawing the flood of Re­ publicans which poured in upon Ot- tumwa from all sides. Wasn't it a monster, this Republican day at Coal Palace? And didn't those corn-stalk canes make the Democracy look sick? And the little tin badges-- why, the supply pf 5.000 ran out so early in the morning that the committee realize! their mistake in not procuring one for each inhabitant in Iowa. The mercury, says an Ottumwa spe­ cial, ranged in the nineties. It was good weather for the Iowa corn not yet in shopk, ^t the farmer of the Hackle- barney i^rion had forgotten all about the corn and came to hear McKinley, and he brought Mary and tho little ones with him, "Just to hear that man who wrote the McKinley bill." He came early in the morning; he did not wait for the excursion train that camo his way, but he got up at 4 o'clock and drove into town and took a regular. He wanted to see McKinley as soon as anybody, and a good many of the farmers drove in from all the surrounding region, and they were on hand when the big excursion trains with their marching clubs on board pulled in from Burling­ ton, and Keokuk, and Chillicot^he, and Moberly, and Knoxvllle, and Des Moines, and Cedar Rapids. These special trains were met some miles out by couriers, whosapplied them with ttfg badges of MIUT. U'EIKLtT. McKinley tin and with cornstalk canes and other insignia of the Republican prestige and local prosperity. The dele­ gations had their bands with them. Thoy wore rod plush suits that made the perspiration start to look at them. Tho weather had no terrors for them, for they marched up and down in the boiling sun and played patriotic airs until everybody was driven Into a high state of ecstasy. What with marching and countermarching, and receptions of big delegations, and the roar of bands and the cheers of people it was a day to be talked over for months to come in the kitchen corners of many an Iowa farmhouse, and if Mr. Boios does- not hear the echo of it in November if will not be because there were not patriotism and partyism enough about it to last that long. That scarred old veteran, John H. Gear, came in with his delegation from Burlington. Big and jolly 1). B. Hen­ derson and Senator William B. Allison, calm and placid as ever, headed the Dubuque contingent .Tohn F. Lacey, the brilliant Oskaloo-a Congressman, who went down before the first cyclonic effects of the Mclvin'ey bill a year ago, camo up with undiminished courage to greet his chief. In fact, they were all here, the whole well-known phalanx from near and far, and when tho great procession tiled into tho Coal Palace they made a smiling and inspiring array as they sat ut on the speakers' stand. President Manning introduced Major McKinley, and tho audience promptly went off its feet with enthusiasm. There were cheors galore, and the applause was something to be remembered. The Major entered upon his speech with a vigor that ninety degrees in the shade did not perceptibly affect He pointed out the similarity between the Iowa campaign and that now on In Ohio. He hold up the possibility of Democratic gerrymandering, and the menace that If the Bourbons captured the Legislature it would only be natural for them to Michiganize the Presidential Elect­ ors in the Congressional districts. Then ho analyzed the silver ques­ tion, and reviewed with great perspicuity and force the ail important tariff. And while he did it the great au­ dience, representing many thousands of men and women, forgot all about the perspiration that was trickling down their backs and remembered only that they were listening to McKinley. They were packed in like sardines, but it did not keep the honest old farmer on the back seat from jumping up every now and then and yelling out, "Amen; Iowa's with you, Mr. McKinley," or, "Youhave got 'em there," or some similar expres­ sion that showed how thoroughly inter­ ested he was in what he was listening to. McKin'ey spoke for upward of an hour and a half, and one cou'd not pay him a higher compliment than to say that during all that time those who! stood and listened to him did not leave) their p aces. At the close of the Major's speech the crowd called loudly for Con­ gressman Henderson, Senator Allison, ex-Gov. Gear, and ex-Congressman Lacey, all of whom addressed them briefly. During the early evening MaJ. McKinley made a brief speech outside the Coal Palace, and at 7:30 o'clock the grand Republican camp fire began inside tho edifice. At the close Maj. McKinley held a public receptionv A close esti­ mate of those who attended the after­ noon and evening meetings in the Coal Paloce places the attendance at 11,000. If the enthusiasm of the day was any index of tho feeling throughout the State Mr. Wheeler's election is assured beyond any peradventure. 'PROFESSOR J. L. RAY, of Ashland, Va., who has been studying the moon through a telescope, says there has recently been extraordinary volcanic action on the planet. He says that oh the night of June 22 tremendous energy over the whole surface pre­ sented itself. "I saw that what of late have been considered great gray* plains are in reality great seas, or else a.molten mass, as I saw immense sheets, seemingly of water, thrown through the lunarian atmosphere and find a resting place at least a thousand miles from where they formerly were. I saw several great jdointains sink-- the whole moon swayid to and fro and everything in the lunar heavens was in the wildest confusion. I gazed with intensest awe upon this awful spectacle for hours, until the con­ fusion finally subsided and there seamed to be a dead calm as before. I feel fully confident that the moon was thrown several degrees out of her course, and she is also perceptibly nearer, perhaps 20,000 miles." No other astronomer appears to noticed these disturbances. . . . - ' " " < ' -r-- TWO TYPES OF BORDER BAD MEN. The Boat Thlag ta Closely Imitated by fks 1 lated Article. "Bad men in the West break into two classes," said a gentleman, late of Silver City. "The sure enough and the imitation bad man. One is a killer and I,he other simply blusters. The two sorts look alike, talk alike, garb themselves in high hats, belt guns on their hips, swear and guzzle the throbbing whisky of the region, and'follow each other's suit from first to last; for which reason it is hard to tell the real thing from the counter­ feit. The only sure way of dis­ tinguishing the true, solid silver bad man from the plated fellow is to test them as fast as represented. '•Russian Bill, who, in the early 'SO's, was a rustler in the valley of the San Simon in Arizona, and a singu­ larly industrious horse and cattle stealer of that shadeless region, was an imitation Wd man. He was a great talker, Mid--hear him tell it-- had filled mofe graves than an epi­ demic. It- is doubtful, however, if he ever drew human blood, and the other "rustlers' similarly regarded him as a man of no courage. It tiirned out a case of the magpie and the pea­ cocks with the Russian though, for one evening the impulsive denizens of Shakespeare, Ari., took'Bill's word for it and incontinentally hung him de bene esse. The Russian had com­ pany though, for they stretched another gentleman, time and tree the same, yclept Sandy Kink. There was no discount, however, on King. One could have taken a brace and bit and bored clear through King and struck nothing but clean-grain game. King and Russian Bill were together on the occasion of their apprehension and taking off, and were decided specimens of the two types of bad men. "Bill, as a name, has been the property of a good many of the fight­ ers of the West. Frequently some affix or prefix went with it to keep the blood-bedewed Bills from getting all mixed up. There has been a Curley Bill, a Wild Bill, a Navajo Bill, a Buffalo Bill, a Poker Bill, a Cheyenne Bill, a French Bill, an Antelope Bill, a Russian Bill, a Broncho Bill, a Canadian Bill, a Monte Bill, a Butcher Knife Bill and Bill Bonny or Billy the Kid that I have known of. "Cheyenne Bill was and is one of the false killers referred to, and al­ ways trying to 'run a blazer' upon some tenderfoot and scare him to death. Raton, N. M.--pronounced Rah-foon--does not, as a community, rise early of a Sunday morning, and* as I once, back in '83, came out of the hotel in the still and early hours of that holy day, I heard a voice over on the next street raised to a point be­ tween a threat and a command. My attention was at once attracted, and get ting out where I could see I found Cheyenne Bill in slow but threatening pursuit of a reluctant tenderfoot who had come in on the train the night before. What the row was about I didn't know. " 'Stop whar you be or I'll pull on you!' commanded the vaporish Bill in a fierce tone, his hand on his six- shooter and following along after the strainger some tw$ rods behind. "To give the taiderfoot his due, while lie kept walking away from Bill, he appeared more disgusted than scared, and while he said nothing and did not turn on his wouldbe captor, nevertheless he received his orders to halt with becoming contempt and kept straight on. "Except for my presence, Cheyenne and his victim had the town to them­ selves, Jack Hixenbaugh, the marshal, and the rest of the citizens being sen­ sibly in bed. I had seen a Chinaman run Cheyenne around once over in Trinidad, and knew there " was no more to be feared from him than from the last calf on the range, and shout­ ing over to him I so informed the person from the East and advised him to go after the doughty Cheyenne anrl pull his head off. The tender­ foot had about made up his mind to do it anyhow, and my vote settled it. He turned and started for Bill, whereupon that person at once lost all his valor and fled briefly. The tenderfoot caught up with him, how­ ever, and eased his surcharged soul by three or four forceful and very meritorious kicks. This seemed to do both Bill and the shorthorn a world of good, and the former avoided the fifth by plunging up a stairway. The tenderfoot wanted to charge after Bill and kill him completely; but I urged a different view and pointed out the fact that Bill took his gun with him and that if he found him­ self cornered he might shoot. "Curly Bill was another of the riot­ ous and desperate sort. His range in '81 and '82 was Southwestern New Mexico and Eastern Arizona. No one knew where Curly Bill hailed from, but if there's truth in Scripture, where he was going was plain to all. He was reputed when I saw him, to have killed nineteen men; and had the air of one who was looking hard for a chance to make it a score. Curly Bill has found his grave somewhere out in the arid wastes he patroled, as nothing has been heard of him for some time."--£Kansas City Star. Unexpected Generosity- • I had slipped into a back seat of a very large African church at Columbia S. C., one Sunday evening and was watching the kind of offertory, when one of the deacons, with that tact which belongs to almost all the colored race, came and politely offered to carry up for me any contribution I cared to make. I handed him a 25- cent piece, and with inimitable pom­ posity he marched down the aisle, carrying the beggarly coin so that everybody could see it. Suddenly he turned on his heel and came back more rapidly, hundreds of white spots flashing in the stratum of shade, like fireflies against a weedy fence, as the curious eyes of the crowd were turned to follow him. Arrived within speak­ ing distance, the good man called out in a whisper audible to half the congregation: "Do you want any change?"--[Christian Union. >, Open Joints tn Drains. A suspected joint in a sewer or drain pipe may be tested by wrapping it with a single layer of white mus­ lin moistened with a solution of acetate of lead. As the gas escapes through the meshes of the cloth it will be blackened by the sulphur com­ pound. EARTH IS A TliEMBLE. THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY BAO- • LY DISTURBED? ' Bultrfttilr* Tottered at St. Loot* wMs4li* Inhabitant* of Cities of Indiana and Illinois Fled from Their House* Through Fear--The Shock In Many States. " Shaken by a Quake. Three almost continuous vibrations of an earthquake, oscillating from east to west, were felt one n ght recently in parts of Illinois, Indiana. Iowa, Mis­ souri, and Kentucky. At St Louis tho shock was quite severe, and buildings were shaken violently. People we.e aroused by the disturbance and rushed in terror, half-clad, to the street. It is said by many that tho shock felt there was similar to that experienced on the night of the memorable Charleston dis­ aster. The shock lasted two minutes. Considerable crockery and glassware was demolished, and some wooden sta­ bles on the outskirts of the city toppled ever. Buildings facing the north and south wore visibly affected by the shock. The shock was distinct y felt at In­ dianapolis, and while report* as to its duration differ the best information says it lasted at least eight seconds. Louisvillo, Ky., had a good shaking, and, although no serious damage was done, it caused considerable excitement all over the rity. Tho bell in the City Hall tower was rung by the vibrations of the building, and the watchman in the tower thought his last hour had coma At the Gait House and other hotels the bells were rung, water-pit ti­ ers were overturned in the upper stories, and guests came hurrying down-stairs in a panic, it requiring much persuasion to induce the more timid to return to their quarters. Several drug stores suf­ fered a slight lo-s from broken bottles and prematurely mixed drugs. In the residence part of the city the shock caused much alarm, the people rushing into tho street, and when the shock subsided formed long ranks of ox- cited groups anxiously discussing the probabilities of a recurrence of the quake. No casualties occurred any­ where in the city, and no damage of con­ sequence was suffered by buildings. The vibrations wore from east to west, and lasted only a few second*. Three separate shocks were plainly felt at Keokuk, Iowa. They followed closely upon each other, and the vibra­ tion lasted fully one minute in each case. The direction appeared to be from southeast to northwest, and suspended electric lights swayed sharply. No dam- ago was done. The shock appears to have been general throughout South­ eastern Iowa. At Evansvil'e, Ind., one prolonged shock was felt. No damage was done, but general fright ensued. BROUGHT DOWN A NICE RAIN. Rain-Makers Bag: a Heavy Shower In Texas with but Three Shots. The rain-makers have made their first experiment at Corpus Christi, Tex., and It was a complete success. Broken, cumulus clouds had been floating over­ head all the morning, and at 6 p. m. Messrs. Ellis, Castor, and Faircliild entered a carriage and drove out of town, accompanied by County Engineer Gunter, who represented tho citizens* committee. The party carried two boxes in the carriage, containing two mortars and a dozen twenty- one pound bombs. When the out­ skirts of the town were reached the mortars were unpacked and set upon a small hill. Three rounds were fired, four shells being exploded at each vol­ ley, while broken clouds were passing overhead. No rain was falling anywhere in tho vicinity when the firing was be­ gun, but after every report a sharp shower fell, and as the clouds passed away to the southwest tho rain was seen to be falling in torreats over a limited area. By the time the last shot was fired the party were drenched and returned to the hotel. The rain could be seen spreading off to the southwest, and in forty minutes a heavy rain was falMng, which was goneral over tho an- tire city and continued for half an hour. DEATH IN FLAMES. , Father and Son Perish . In a Prairie Fire. George W. John-on and his son, who lived near Beaver Creek, N. D., were burned to death by the great Emmons County prairie fires. They had gone tc put a head fire out, when the huge flames, leaping high as the house tops, swept ovor tli< m, leaving burned and disfigured corpses. Mr. Tabor, an elderly gentleman living near Williams- port, is seriously burned and will probably die. No further news can be learned from the Holland settlement, thirty-five miles south of Williamsport Three men are known to have perished in that vicinity. The amount of damago done in the Holland settlement cannot be learned, but it is safe to say it will not bo far from $50,00*>, Cne man at Winona, twenty miies from Williams- port, a Mr. Tratt, lost forty-fivo steers, which were oxertaken by the fire and burned to death. Another <fire rangod on (South Prairie and burned out Messrs, Fosburg, Mahoney, Hesboly, Houstain, and Paiker. COLLIDED WITH AN OIL CAR. Two Railroad Men Meet a Horrible Death-- Another Fearfully lturned. At Fargo, N. D. , an oil car standing on a sidetrack was set in motion by a switching train and started on a down grade. The oil car dashed on and col­ lided with the engine of an incoming stock train with tcrrific force. In an instant the oil was ablaze, and the en­ gine plowed through the flaming mass. Engineer J. J. Curtis, Fireman PoJge, and Brakeman Penton wore instantly enveloped in flames. They all three jqmpad and tried to smother tho flamea in xh^ grass. Dodge was literally roast­ ed to e'eath on the spot, while Curtis died shortly afterward. Benton lost both eyes and was otherwise badly burned. Odd and Interesting. THE United States navy has a paper boat, . THE magazines now (n course of pub­ lication number 1.778 It is reported tbat tho wool product of Ohio wili amount to 26,000,000 pounds this year. A FISH with two tails is the leading curiosity at Madison, Ua. It is alive and doing well. A PEACH grown at Sylvania, Va., weighed eighteen ounces and measured thirteen inches in circumference. AFRICA is now completely encircled by submarine cables, whi< h make up alto­ gether a length of 17,000 miles. THE tobacco crop in California prom­ ises to be a great success, and the in­ dustry will probably become a profitable one. DR. LTTDERITZ says that coffee acts«as a germicide and destroys the bacilli of cholera, anthrax and typhus lit a few hours. THE 124M mi'es between Newcastle and Edinburgh, which is done without a stop, is at present the longest ran in Britain- THERE are two bearing apple trees in Indiana County. Pa . thai w&ro planted £!&£* ARQD^DAGKEATgrAlEJ BRIEF COMPILATION OF p ^ fiEWS. * -- -- * A Minnesota Tramp Confewm a Murtfer ait Ontralla for Whl<*li an Innocent Man to Serving a Life Sentence--Other State Nanit. ymm Read* Like a Romance* ^ E*oirr years ago a tramp wa»#Mmil-: murdered in a bov-car at Centralia. An­ other tramp natmd Gray was arrested, and,upon strong circumstantial evidence^ corroborated by his own sensational con­ fession. convicted and sentenced for life to the Chester i enitentiary. After hla conviction Gray retracted his confession and protested his innocence, which ha has never ceaSed to reiterate. All who knew of the case, however, were satis- fled of his guilt. He had been seen to leave the car in which the mur­ dered man was and to tear away a bli od-stained portion of his coat. His explanation, after retracting his confession--that he entered the car after the man was dead and, \incon­ scious of even the fact that another was present, slept all night with his coat in a pool of blood--was considered untrue; atid he received a life senteme. Now, however, comes a tramp named Jacob Brown, who, haunted by terror-inspir­ ing visions, confesses to the Ch ef of Polico at Minneapolis that he did tho murder. His story is that he sought a night's shelter in what he thought was an empty car. In getting in he stumbled over and awakened another man who, angered, assaulted him. In self-defense he struck his assailant, who was much stronger than himself and bent on seri­ ously injurins him, with a coupling-pin and fled. He watched the car and saw Gray enter it, and he hung aronnd the town until after the latter's convic­ tion. Brown says that he does not, and never did, regret tho killing, as it was in self-defense; though it was uninten­ tional, as he intended only to stun the man. His pr sent confession is induced solely because an innocent ma i waa suffering for the crime. Gray's reason for his confession, which alone secured his conviction, was that he had been for years a disgrace to his family and had contemplated suicide. He thought a conviction would insure his death sen­ tence, and if it had he would have kept silent But the prospect of life impris­ onment appalled him, and he retracted his confession. Truth, Indeed, is stranger than fiction. GEORGE B. HOWARD, recently a Gov­ ernment Pension Agent at Mound City, was captured at Adrian, Mi; h. He is wanted for using government funds. G. L. Wir.sox, of Houseville, Ind., was run over by an Alton train at Man­ chester. One leg was cut off and ho was otherwise so badly injured tha|ha cannot recover. A CHICAGO scavenger wagon ran over Flossie Church, a 2-year-old baby, and killed her. A careless nurse-girl allowed the baby carriage to run off the side­ walk and spill the little one ont IN a drunken quarrel on the train near Mount Vernon William Robinson stabbed Sheriff Williafrs slightly, and a man named Staley, who went to Robin­ son's assistance, was so badly cat thai he will die. THE Grace English Lutheran Church, of Springfield, celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its organization. The Rev. Francis Springer, P. I)., the first pastor, now in his 84th year, preached a sermon from tho same text that he preached his first sermon from fifty years ago. MART BAI.T,ENTIXE, the notorious woman charged with an assault to mur­ der Otis Johnson, was fined in tho Sa­ line County Court S3C0. Accompanied by tho Deputy Shorlff she went to her house in Carmi. She got the officer tn charge under the influence of liquor and disappeared. Her whereabouts is un­ known. NEAR Shawneetown, Mrs. White shot and instantly killed Miss Belle Jamison. < The dead woman first attacked Mra. White, who is the wife of Robert White, a well-known farmer. Mis* Jamison used a club and then drew a revolver, firing one shot at Mrs. White. The latter then seized the weapon and shot her assailant twice in the breast and through the head, death ensuing in­ stantly. The girl had been working for Mrs. White and became enraged at be­ ing discharged. The Coroner's jury re­ turned a verdict of just liable homicide. CHARLEY COCHRAN, residing at Mul­ berry Grove, was shot and killed hy Mrs. Celia Phillips at Alton. Ho a traveling man and represented the H. II. Smith Advertising and Lithograph Company, of Smithboro. Cochran was under the impression that a lewd worn- am called "Sadie" lived in the house where Mrs. Phillip-; resided. When he called at the Phillips1 home he inquired for "Sadie," and was told no such per­ son wa-) there. He insisted that Mrs. Phillips was "Sadie," and seized her by the arm and shook her. Mrs. Phillips told him to desist, and he lauelied at her. Again she warned him to leave the prcmi-es, and tore herself away and fired a shot from a revolver at Cochran, but missed her aim. Sho fired a second shot with deadly effect. Cochran fell on the sidewalk, and Mrs. Phillips surren­ dered herself to an officer. . AT Springfield, the Committee on Per­ sonal f'roperty report-d to the State Board of Equalization, making a net Increase of tho personal property of the State of $19,lti3,755, making the aggre­ gate value as equalized by the Commia* sion, $162,693,029. Cook County comes in for a good share of the increase, 100 per cent, being added, making her per­ sonal property assessment 958,519,642. There is, however, a surplus for Cook# County amounting to ¥7,841,632, and if this is taken off tho personal property assessment it will leave it $50,678,010l The Committee on Lands has made addi­ tions aggregating $39,976.779, and de­ ductions aggregating S3,200,641, making the net increase §31,670,137. This makes the total ' assessed value of the land of the Stat*} $374,606,012. Fifty-one per cent, is added to the land assessment of Cook County, raising it from 914,9^4,804. to $22,627,054. . A YOVNG Irish dock laborer named Cornelius Sullivan, was stabbed and in­ stantly killed by a colored youth named Joseph Bales, at Chicago, and this deed was followed by two determined efforts at lynching which, through a mere chance of circumstances, were in both cases unsuccessful. ,AT Lincoln, the Second Illinois Caval­ ry elected Maj. B. Moore of Alton Presi­ dent, W. L. Rider of Montlcello and SL & Irwin of Rankin Vice Presidents, J. Robinson of Farmer City Secretary and Treasurer, and decided to hold the rext reunion at Warsaw, date to be hereafter named by Col. Marsh. A SUBTERRANEAN lake nearly an acre in size, which has been one of the points of interest at Waverly, has entirely dis­ appeared. The night of the earthquake the sound of explosions was heard from the cavern containing the lake. Inves­ tigation showed large fissures in the rocks and a sulphurous smell pervades the cav& SOME unknown person threw a bundle of clothing saturated with kerosene off and burning into the hopper of the large crain elevator at Yenedy owned by William Kopler. An employe of Kopler discovered the tire and extin­ guished it before there was serious daa*> age. The affair caused grmi •tent in that community. H • , • ; f ;