The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

LAST WORDS. MESSAGE "RCA J, %r i THE LEGISLATURE. Prevail# (lownnr Sajrn Prosperity • |fThro«jfhout the State s»i»d State I niit.it u- .i,:{? "it.lon#--The Contract-Con vU't Ubor Quc»- .4! tlwDUcaued-Thr School Queatt&k. , Review of Stat? Aflfelrs. \ Governor Flfer delivered his final iHessage to the Legisla ure at the open­ ing of the second day's session. "1 connratulate you," the mossaire reads, through von the whole people of the State, upon the' material prosperity that has jMrevallcd sinee the meeting of the last General Assembly. Never before Uave the people had heater cau^e to rejoice in their industrial fltofress. Never before was labor more uni­ versally employed or at better wages. Agri­ culture. manufactures, and commerce have greatly prospered, while every industry and calling have felt the stimulative influence of gpod times. The laws have been obeyed, and peace and srood order have reigned throughout OUT border*. These conditions have betn most conducive to the happints<, contentment, and prosperity of our people." The governor here entered npcm 8 review of tfee history of the finances of the State showing <y»e variations in the public debt down to the "'Bme when it was extinguished under Gover­ nor Cullora's administration. From that time to the present, he continued, the State has been free from public debt, and there was in TOe treasurv, October 1, I8sr2, ft<,f>24,8<W.8s be- , longing to the general revenue land. It should menf,i<m«dla this o^iiEoot'.cii tlsat the tax a JO.'trn w t»vy for the present year is only M «*M» on t «P°rt of the workingwomen of Chicago. $00aa.-essed valuation of propertT. and that j The time is ripe fcr a general law restricting llv. cents of this rate is for school purpc^s. ! "h Oeducting the school tax. which arreoors goes, -- . --r .t- --- feack to the people when collected, our for ! construction and inspection of the build- Itfirifcimate State expanse® would be only 1**3 inirs in |which they are employed. In Assembly I discussed at length the condition of our penal institutions, a >tl called attention to the fact that, in view ot the constitntional amendment ^forbidding contract labor, ftOme disposition must be made of the convict* con­ fined in these institutions. I then pointed out the necessity of an appropriation sufficient to enable the Commissioners to change the sys­ tem of labor and to begin nianulp.'t nring on State account. The General Assembly, how­ ever, made no adequate provision, and conse­ quently the Commissioners have been unable to engage in any system of labov on behalf of the State. The Speaker of the lower house of the General Assembly to which this message was addressed appointed a committee ttf visit the penal institutions for the purpose of ascer­ taining their condition rnd what laws, if any, were necessary for their regulation. This com­ mittee the .'diet Pr;ron MK» <ca.«uuu<m into its affairs, to which 1 had previously in tny message called attention. They returned and made a report in writing. How Shall Convicts Be Kmployed? The report of thia comniittee the Gov­ ernor quotes in lull, and continues: From this report it will be ssen that the shop and yard room was entirely occupied by the contractors, reudering it difficult, if not im­ possible, for the commissioners to introduce a new system of labor. It should be remembered, also, that there were 712 prisoners still work­ ing under valid contracts, and that at no time previous to October, lSiVi, did the commission­ ers have to exceed ;KU convicts wherewith to introduce a new system of labor. That is, there was only that number after deducting the incapables. those engaged in callings for the State and those working under con tracts. On the 1st day of December. lMV', there were confined in the .Toilet, penitentiary 1,434 con­ victs. in the Chester penitentiary fits convicts, and the Reform School had on that date 3»s> inmates. The Question now recurs: iTliit shall be doao with the labor of these 2,386 prisoners? How can they be employed at remunerative labor without that labor coming into competition with the.free labor of the State, thereby vio­ lating the spirit, if not the letter, of the con­ stitution? vou are now face to ?aee with this problem and its solution cannot be post­ poned, hut must be solved at once. The con­ stitution forbids the making of new contracts for the leasing of the labor of these convicts, and organized labor is demanding that this firovision of the Constitution shall be obeyed, n fact, there is no good reftson why the matter should bo postponed. The difficulties heretofore in the way of beginning a system of labor on State account have pow practically been removed, there being only 394 prisoners working under contracts that were entered into prior to the adoption of the constitutional a m e n d m e n t . T w o h u n d r e d a n d s i x t y - n i n e n f these we have seen are in the Joliet peniten­ tiary and 125 at Chester. Various means have been proposed from time to time for the em­ ployment of t hese convicts. The question un­ der consideration is one of vital importance to the people, and it will, I feel sure, receive your serious consideration. I taust the facts and suggestions here given will materially aid you in finding some practical solution of the diffi­ cult problems presented. Bnremi of Labor Statistics. The board created and commissioned by the State U> CTjIit-ci «uiu i-uiiipite Miailstics relating to labor, for the information of the General Assembly and the public, will submit to yon, as the resnlt of their latest investigation, a icago. * * * law the amount of daily labor which may be ei- acte1 of women and children, and governing" • i ' f r cents: and if property was assessed at its fair 4fesh value, as is the case in most of the lea j- f&g States of the Union, our tax rate for legiti­ mate State purposes would not exceed 5 jgfcnts out je $K>'. In the past thirty-six years a State debt of ,%verSl7,0'>i.t>»i has been wholly extinguished: fourteen State institutions--counting the re­ location of the Illinois State Penitentitary at Joliet--have been erected and equipped; nearly Uumo.ei!' was paid, as we have seen, to the city -Of ChioAgo; a new state house costing over $1,000,1* 0 has been built; and. besides these. Other heavy expenses were incurred during the War period. It should be mentioned, also, Qiat during this period no defalcations oc- V onrred, an i the people's money has been wisely pad judiciously expended. No stain rests upon an? of the charitable institutions, and, having been raised to a high standard of excel- rifctice by the noble men and women in charge Off them, +«hev reflect honor and credit upon our ^Btate. Tins showing of financial, moral and industrial prosperity is very gratifying, dem- flnstrat ing as it does the capacity of "the people for self-government. Penal and Reformatory Institutions. A brief history of the introduction of the •Contract labor system into the penal institu­ tions of Illinois and the operation of that sys­ tem from its inception down to the present time may aid yon in the passage of laws for the proper regulation of these institutions. trior to 1«71 there was no law making it ol»-gatory upon the part of the commissioners to ase the labor of convicts. The State for •ome time previous had been doing its own • «ianuia>'turing and employed its own convicts. This is known among prison tnen as "the State account system." Financially, it didnot prove K success, and it may be said also that the labor - imploved w as brought into competition with : the fr-»j labor of the State. It was 'found that the State could not sell its anufa<-tured articles to advantage, as cor.; 1 not compete successfully with the rivat ' individual conducting a large and well- s , , , , fstabiirfiied business of his own. For this rea- " r «on it is believed that the labor so employed vorked a greater hardship to the free labor of 1»>» , : the State than it would had it been employed h.,. \ ' Jmder the contract system. I'ndar this regu- 0 ' ,• > lation tiie penitentiary rapidly fell behind in i.j. . " f Its finances, so that from July 1.18tj", to Novem- -I>er30, 1*71, there was appropriated from the .-tip*' ."imblic treasury for the support of the Joliet ill# r ,ii;.'penitentiary at that time the only one in the - , Jstatei, This sum. it may be added, f-j >as exclusive of appropriations made for per- - * & Inaneut improvements. At length the financial condition of the in- iWBfc". -^^.'i'i'jltitution became embarrassing in the extreme; " " ' to deplorable, in fact, had become its financial 1 '._> - Condition, that Gov. Palmer, in May. 1x71, con- &#*• -~4'eaed the General Assembly in special session. - 'i'• J At this s '.s-<iou the General Assemblv. acting i ' i. \ /" tipon the recommendation of Gov. Palmer, en- tfs ' > J* ftctea a law making it the duty of the Commis­ sioners to lease the labor of all convicts to the v,': Iiighest bidder, the maximum lirnit. however coaiia^-ts being fixed by law at eight years. - In this way was introduced into the penal in- f> v ytitutions of our State what has long been ,tf,, ^ t Known as the "contract system of labor." It j** ' * taust be admitted that the financial condition j®' the prison under the new arrangement at Vrv* ^\ once ureatly improved. v:. The Chester Penitentiary was established in BhSV ' and when opened for the reception OT - prisoners, as it was on Oct. 1. 1*78, it fell under Kx, i. ht ..'--f he contract system also. From 1K7I until the iL* . ^ kflosc uf the iiscal year 1892. the receipts retted ..jr-;^":'1>y tha State from the contracts for convict iabor in the Joliet prison alone amounted, in ground nutnb.'Ts.to #4,(K(i,0(j(i. while the aggregate •jjexpenstis of maintenance amounted to less then ;4 In other words, this prison has self-snstaining within 0 per cent, of the •^"TtTPCtual cost of mjiiutenance (luring the past r- • Jtwenty-one years, and, within the past four. . , ' ,>-ears i: has been almost entirely so. It has appropriation of untouched in the ^tlte Treasury, and hcd.in its own treasury t* ' „ M)ct. l. m»2--at the time of making its last bi- j, i /'iinial report -over ^J,U(«. Both of these in- '-Jstitutions have been wisely and indiciously , v|managed, and the order and' discipline are ex- '^ieepti^ally Kood at the present time.' •••; 'Cogvlct Contracts. . , kt ibe election held in 13H1* coosti- M.f].-\j. •ftutioaal amendment was adopted restraining ;-t - iihe t^mriiissioners from leasing the labor of ^convicts confined in the penal institutions of ff% F Ithe State. It seems not to be fully understood '»" why all contract labor dit not cease imm^U- ' »ately an the adoption of this constitutional s.. is*i<endn;eut. and the faut that it did not cease is easily explained. Ever since the introduction "iltfli " mmS of the contract system in 1871 it had been Sj the custom of the commissioners to enter *n .i irsf into contracts for the leasing of labor for the whr£v:"M5'f largest period allowed by law, which we have fSl ?; ' seen was eight years. This was found to be i'af'" necessary, as contractors seemed unwilling to Mb', V establish mani-.i'acturing industries in these in- v .. atitutions, or to contract for labor at all, unless |; V the contracts were made to run for the inax- 1:%'; imum time allowed by law. This, doubtless, f«£; was the better plan, not only for the contrac- ' ; tors, but likewise for the State. When, there- r-J fore, the constitutional amendment took effect, as it did by vtrlue of the Governor's proclama- ' ti°n on the 27th day of November, WHO, all the convicts in both penitentiaries were, of ', course, employed under valid subsisting con- A " tracts that has been entered into before the constitutional amendment in question had been adopted. In fact, contracts had been ^ made for the labor of all convicts except 2«9 p! ; before the amendment was ever submitted to Ss- fe ' » vote of the peoule by the General Assembly, fer - These contracts were let in pursuance of ad- L"~' " ®; r vertisemeuts made in the leading newspapers of the State, as required by law, and they, of course, granted to the contractors the right t ?T>: v v . , *rt .y • ^ ^ . . . . r V s ' » \ r. !^ commission be composed of civil engineers of experience and that suitable provisions be made by this General Assembly to meet theii expenses. . v , Stat* Board of Health. The health of our people during the past two years has been remarkably good. With th® ex­ ception of la grippe, which has been wide­ spread, there has been no general epidemic of sickness. Smalt-pox, whldh has invaded manv other common w ealths, and which has been several times Imported into the State by emi- §rants and by others from neighboring States, as not developed among our people, immunity from this disease is mainly it not entirely due to the intelligent and successful efforts of the State Board of Health in securing pro­ tection by general vaccination. The limi­ tation of other Drevent.ahle !s, uu doubt, largely due to the continuous sani­ tary work in cities, towns, and villages in­ augurated by the board in 1HH.M, at a time when the present efficient Secretary of the board was connected with the office. The board has been tireless in guarding against the introduction of other communicable diseases. It is only Just to say that it was the first to recommend the temporary suspension of immigration when Asiatic cholera appeared in New York har­ bor last August--a recommendation, it may be added, which was promptly aited upon, it is believed, by the National Government by the enforcement of a twenty days quar­ antine on immigrant-carrying vessels. It should be mentioned to the credit of the board also that It has been prudent and economical in its expenditures. Of the «20,<K)0 appro­ priated during the past four vears as a con­ tingent epidemic fund it has expended, up to December 31, 1SS12, less than $a,c00; one appro­ priation of Slti.ooo having been covered back into the treasury entire, in view of the con­ sensus of expert opinion as to the danger of cholera invasion during the coming season, and in view also of the vast interests at stake --possibly involving the success or failure of the World's coiumtuan JKxporsition--l recom­ mend that the contingent epidemic fund be largely increased. As to the amount of this in­ crease. I recommend that, you take counsel at the prbper time of the board. The high per­ sonal character and great professional abilities of the gentlemen composing the board are a sufficient guarantee that whatever sum you limy see fit to place at their disposal will be wisely and judiciously expended. Board of Live Stock Commissioners. The great end rapidly growinz live stock in­ terests of the State have been beneficially subserved by the vigil&at efforts of the Board of Live Stock Commissioners in their efforts to exterminate dangerously contagious dis­ eases among domestic animals, and in prevent­ ing the spread thereof. Their efforts have been effective also in preventing the introduction mto this State ot such diseases through the immense traffic in cattle that find a destination at our great markets. The regula­ tions adopted by the board for the conduct of traffic of Southern cattle which bear the germs of the much dreaded splenic or Texas fever have been constantly and faithfully enforced, resulting in complete immunity to the cattle of our State from the ravages of this disease. One of the chief benefits resulting from the enforcement of these regulations has been the increased trade in native stock cattle during the summer months, since stock yards of the State, with the assurance that they have not been exposed to the con­ tagion of Texas fever. The efforts of t:ie board to exterminate glanders among animals of the equine species has been unceasing, and the record of the past year is evidence that the work of the board in this direction has been effective. During the year closing Oct. 31, 18U1, 137 {slandered 'ani­ mals were destroyed: in 4Si(2, 121 were destroyed. A rigid inspection has been main­ tained at the Stock Yards at Chicago and East St. Louis, and through these agencies 3,359 dis­ eased cattle had been quarrantined and on being slaughtered the carcasscs were ren­ dered into products unfit for food. In this way our people have been protected from eat­ ing meat from these diseased animals. It is worthy of note that in 1801 bat 15 per cent, and in 1892 but 13't; per cent, of these diseased ani­ mals were originally from Illinois, the balance being imported from other States. Other Points in the Message. - The eleven charitable Institutions of the State, the Governor says, will compare favor­ ably with any in the land. They have an aver­ age attendance of 6,935 inmates, and the cost of maintenace per capita is $103. The report of the- Board of Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners is so full and com­ plete that the Governor gives it no space in his message. Of the Illinois and Michigan Canal the mes­ sage says the earnings for the past two years amount to $15H,333.G5. The to'tffl disbursements for the same p?riod amount to $152,212.17. Aside from the special appropriation of (25,COO the board expended $28,516 for permanent im­ provements. No department of the public service. Gover­ nor Fifer thinks, is accomplishing more good for the masses than the Fish Commission, which during the last nine years has done much toward furnishing the people with wholesome and excellent food. The educational institutions of the State (three in numberl. the message states, are in a 1 • , * ' f ^ > * t ' • " • w v , * ' : ' « % V ** . t*;-!. set- rr>:': * U- • Vl'" fC'c' - ^ ' the use and occupation of the shop and yar& room. This was absolutely necessary to en­ able the contractors to transact their business within the walls of the Panitentiary, as the laws required. Lists of contracts in force when the constitutional amendment was adopted and those still in force were then given. "The message continues: When- the last Cent ral Assembly met there •were in the Joliet penitentiary 712 prisonere at work under contracts that had been entered into before the adoption of the constitutional pursuing this investigation attention has also been directed to the so-called "sweating system." which has recently assumed conspicu­ ous proportions in the cloak and clothing trade of Chicago. The facts in regard to the character, the "extent and the effects of this method of emj loving men and women have bee» obtained by a thorough canvass of the districts where it prevails, and they will afford an intelligent basis for any legislative action which the circumstances may demand. The integrity and impartiality which have charac­ terised the reports ot this board fully justify not only the esteem in which they are held as trustworthy sources of information, bnt equally the wisdom of the General Assemblies of the past in creating and maintaining the office. The rights and interests of our laboring people should be guarded with scrupulous fidelity by those whose duty it is to make and execute the laws. This respon­ sibility has been recognized in the past, and such measures as former General Assemblies could agree upon have, from time to time,been enacted upon the expressed wish of working people. The time has not yet come, however, when vigilance in their behalf may with wis­ dom be relaxed. On the other h&nd. the cause of labor must be a continual charge upon those in authority,and upon all who would truly con­ serve the highest welfare of tne State. It. de­ volves upon you. however, to discriminate wisely between the friends and the mere flat­ terers of workingmen. The Illinois National Guard. In speaking ot the condition of the National Guard the Governor quotes from the report of the Adjutant General as follows: The general condition of the military of the State is most satisfactory and reflects great credit on the patriotism, loyalty and self-sac­ rifice of both officers and men. With the en­ couragement of the people of Illinois the citi­ zen soldiery will be a credit to our great State and a defense to our,4nstitutions lii time of need. At no time since its organization has the Illinois National Guard reached a higher state of discipline or attained a higher plane of esprit de corps than it possesses to-day. The School Question. The Thirty-sixth General .Assembly enacted a law which haB since become known as the "comnnlsory education law." The movement for the passage of this measure originated with the friends of education in the city of Chicago, and their object was to advance the cause of education by compelling indifferent and neglectful parents and guardians to edu­ cate their children. Men'of all shades of poli­ tics and religious beliefs aided in the prepara­ tion of the bill, and it was not known that there existed any objection to its passage. It was in no sense regarded as a partisan measure, and when introduced into the General Assembly it received the enthusiastic support of members of all.parties and passed both houses With practical unan­ imity. It took effect on the 1st day of .July, 1889, and when put into practical operation it was found that it contained objectionable fea­ tures and that it worked a hardship upon the private and parochial schools of the State. Believing, as I did, that those who aided in the passage of the measure had no desire or inten­ tion to abridge the rights of parents in the matter of the education of their children, and believing also that the law should be amended, in my biennial message to the Thirty-seventh General Assembly I said: "There is no design on the part of the friends of this law to deal harshly or unjustly with the private or parochial schools, but rather to advance the cause of education by benefiting all of the schools of the State." I also said that "it should be amended so as to femove all just'%use8 of complaint on the part of anv of the citizens of the State." In this message I stood for compulsory education, and T am in favor of that principle now. It was my belief then, as it is now. that popular government, resting on universal manhood suffrage, cannot long endure unless the masses of our people are educated. I hold that If ignorant, neglectful, and vicious parents will not educate their children voluntarily, when schools ar» provided for that purpose, then they should be compelled to do so. There is no justice or satety in permitting them to raise their children in vice and ignorance to fill, it may be, in after life, our almshouses, our Jails and penitentiaries.' Neither branch of the General Assembly to which this message was addressed passed any measure repealing the law in ques­ tion. Kach, however, passed a biliiamending it. The bills so passed differed from each other in some slight particulars, and this re­ sulted in the appointment of a conference committee. This committee met and tried to on suitable amendments, but failed. Senate portion ot the committee reported that fact to the Senate. The members of the House committee, how­ ever, made no report whatever as to the result of their conference. This was unfortunate, for if the House members of the committee had reported to that body, as it was clearly their duty to do, then, in all probabifc ity, the two houses would have appolntqa another conference committee, which, it Is. only reasonable to suppose, would have agreed on suitable amendments, such as I had recom­ mended in my message, and the present Gen­ eral Assembly would not now be troubled' with the duty of correcting the law. It) seems only reasonable that where the cit­ izen pays his lull share of the taxes to support the public schools, and then in addition estab­ lishes and maintains? at his own expense pri­ vate or parochial schools, he should have abso­ lute control over such schools. And when the parent or those standing in the parental rela­ tion manifest a willingness to educate their children they should be left free to select the schools in which they shall be taught. I rec­ ommend, therefore, that the present law be rei>ealed, and that in lieu thereof a law be en­ acted in harmony with the views I have here expressed. Public Highways. The benefits that would result to our people from good roads cannot be overestimated. I have long been in favor of some plan that would Improve the public highways of the State, and in an address delivered before a convention of civil engineers in Springfield in January, 1891, I gave my views in-regard to MANGLED IN A WRECK 1462.fl2Gf thUfractional currency. TTntted U urn* " AlUVlXi Ktftfpo TV<*k*iirn* XTuhata* HORWRON A CHICAQO Posts--Six Arrests Made. j carries the (nil amount on his books, I and in his report this year states thai ] more than $15,< 00,000 of this fractional r ' [ currency is outstanding, though it hat , " s I practically gone out of circulation, and Four Passengers Killed and Fourteen Bad- I but little more than $4,000 was present­ ly Wounded--Run Down by a Fort Wayne j ed for redemption last year. What is Engine -- The Watchmen Not at Their ; outstanding Is held to a great extent by collectors of eoin and paper cabinets, and its value as each Is greater than its face value as money: The aggregate of United States cur­ rency, fractions! and otScrrtis" mated to have been destroyed and not likely to be presented for redemption, approximates by these figures more than $14,000,000. A recent estimate prepared in the Treasury Department places the sum as high as $20,000,000. This money can only be taken out of the liabilities of the Government by Con­ gressional enactment. This will prob­ ably be attempted in the near future, The investigations into this subject have shown that most of the money lost has been destroyed in railroad wrecks that caught hi e, though no in­ considerable quantity has been de­ stroyed by fires that occurred in the country banks, postoffices a>&4 dences. . ' , agre The .amendment. It may be added there never has 1 how this desirable object could be attained. been at any time previohs to the 1st day of October, 1S92, to exceed :«1 prisoners employed on what is known as the "piece price" plan. Ab the prisoners were released from time to time by expiration of contracts, they were em­ ployed on the piece price plan for the simple reason that, the General Assembly having {ailed to enact any law for the purpose of car- drying into effect the constitutional amend­ ment, the commissioners deemed this the best •disposition that could be made of their labor ttlldn the circumstances. It was expected by commissioners that at the proper time the Assembly would pass some law for the MMlttin of the penal institutions, thereby cuMloMtlieiii to coinnly with the provisions oftheooustitution. The piece price contracts were, therefore, by their terms made subject to the approval or rejection of the General As- •etnbly. la our KesMge to the Thirty-*eveB«h General Any general system of road improvement will necessitate a lar^e expenditure of money, and if not conducted wisely it may result tn placing upon our people financial bur­ dens heavier than they are able to bear. It should be remembered that by adopting an ill-considered system of internal improvement many years ago millions of money were squandered and our State debt ws« greatly increased. So far as I am able to ascertain there seems to be no well-digested plan for the improvement of our imblic high­ ways that is acceptable to those who have given the subject any thought and consldera- { tion. Uei ore enacting a law providing for any ; general system of road improvement, 1 recom­ mend, therefore, that a commission be ap­ pointed to investigate the subject and report to this or the next succeeding General As­ sembly the best pita for improving the public highways of the ritate. I recommend tfratthe prosperous condition, and liberal appropria­ tions from time to time are recommended for their support. Since its organization in IHSRI the claims commission is reported by the Governor to have done mnch work, claims amounting to £13,395 having been filed with it. The message recommends that the Board of Phar­ macy and Dental Examiners, both of which are self-snstainlng, should be encouraged. During the last two years the Illinois Central Railway Company, according to its contract^ with the State, has paid into the Treasury, $1,- 127,401.r!(, The State exhibit at the World's Fair, the manager declares, will be a credit to the peo­ ple, representing every function of the State. The Governor estimates that about $7,27K,S62 will need to be appropriated bv the Legisla­ ture to defray the exftenses of the different departments of the State for the ensuing two years. Small Change of Conversation. 1 How wearied one becomes of tlie hackneyed quotations which are on everybody's lips! Ardently, but in vain, do you wish that every rose you see might indeed be "the last rose of simmer," so weary are you of hearing them declare it. Make a remark about a name, and they are panting to put the question, "What's in a name?" with an air of conscious and original wit. It seems as if to their consti­ tution a suppressed quQtation were as dangerous as suppressed gout; and were they to enter a darkened room wfth a companion without a reference to "darkness visible," tne quotation might strike inward with fatal effect. Speak of an object of beauty, and they mu»t throw out the observation that a thing of beauty is--and so on. Should you mention any sight or sound, seen or heard a little way off, they will trip up your last words by reminding you that "distance lends encbantment to the view." If they call at your house but seldom they will infallibly assert that their visits are like those ft angels, "few and far between;" if they come often, that they return to you "like a bad penny?" Is the practice of quotation, then, to be ruthlessly suppressed without pity, without exception? Certainly not. There are some quotations which are not merely permissible but indispen­ sable, and which we feel we could no more do without in writing and con­ versation than we could get on with' out the small change of commerce. Squalor. Squalor is the outward ; expression of hopeless and unrelieved poverty. But it is not needed for the poor man's bouse to be squalid. On the contrary, with industry and care, and the bright service of a healthy wife the tiniest cottage may at times be an abode in which the most dainty could pass a short time with pleas ure. On the other hand, many houses become squalid without the excuse miserable as it is, of abject poverty. Thus, while we may fairly rank pov erty as a main cause of squalor, it is not absolute absence of money which is the chief cause. Cleaning «^s neglected; and whatever be the build­ ing. and however it be finished and furnished, jn which constant cleaning is omitted, dust accumulates, unex plained stains make their appearand and a progress, more or less rapid :- the case may be, sets up toward d» cay and dilapidation. ^ " * Death In the UarlaieM* Four people were killed and more than twice that number injured early Thursday morning by the collision of a Fort Wayne train with a crowded street­ car of the Chicago City Railway at the 47tlv street and Stewart avenue cross­ ing. The train which wrought such great disaster was made up of three cars containing laborers on their way to Colehour. The dead are: John Blaha, crushed to death; Archibald Mc- Andrews, instantly killed; unidenti­ fied woman ,• supposed to be Mrs. M. Carson, address unknown; unknown man, horribly mangled. The accident occurred at fi:10 o'clock, when the street cars were crowded with workmen. Car 197 going east on Forty- seventh street had at le^pt fifty pas­ sengers on board. As it neared the tracks of the Fort Wayne and Wabash roads there was no warning of an ap­ proaching train. Within the ill-fated car sat the workmen smoking their clay pipes and chatting pleasantly, wholly unmindful of their impending danger. All at once there was a wild shriek of the engine, a clanging of the bell, and a construction train running at a high rate of speed crashed into the car, creat­ ing fearful havoc. There was no previ­ ous ringing of the bell, no conspicuous light on the engine which was moving backward, and the gateman and tower- man at the crossing had failed wholly to do their duty. Neither was at his post. The wreck occurred while it was still too dark for the driver or conductor of the street car to see 100 feet down the track. No one expected the construc­ tion train, and the first known of the danger was when the engine shrieked and the crash came. An instant later the killed and wounded were strewn, along the frozen ground, the street car was a complete wreck, and the train rushed by, leaving a frightful scene of death and confusion behind. The houses broke loose from the car and ran away. Early risers In the vicinity rushed to the rescue of the passengers, and the alarm was turned into all the neighbor­ ing police stations. Three hundred yards south of the crossing the train came to a standstill, and the half a hundred workmen who were on board en ronte to work down the track hur­ ried to the assistance of the injured. Wildest Confusion Reigned. Wild confusion reigned for tthe first few minutes. Those who had come to the work ofjgrescue could hear the piti­ ful cries orl&e wounded and see the body of one dead man. Where to be- f in was a question which puzzled them. ive police patrol wagons arrived on the scene soon and policemen took oharge of the work. At first little attention was directed to the train which had done the damage, but after those about the tfar had been picked np it was found that the bodies of two' men were under the tender. These were recovered. , . The police at once placed six persons under arrest. These are Conductor Bernard O'Connor and Drlyipf Patrick Stanley, who were on the street cttV; Engineer Bosscup and Fireman Meager, of the construction train; "Old John" Ullbright, gateman,and Peter Schwartz, towerman at the crossing. "Old John" was indicted last January for alleged carelessness when the freightful acci­ dent of Jan. 14 occurred at his crossing. Both the gateman and the towerman were in what is known as the ground house by the stove when the construc­ tion train came down the track. CIVIL-SERVICE EXTENSION. Little Prospect That President Harrison Will Take Action. Washington special: A gentleman who has talked with the President on the subject says that the people who are ex­ pecting a large increase in the classified civil service before the administration changes will be very sadly disappointed. He said that the President is strongly inclined to extend the civil-service rules in connection with the Postofflce De­ partment, but that he has practically abandoned the purpose of any general ^extension, such as the increase of the employes of the Government printing office or the customs service. All em­ ployes now outside the protecting lines of the civil-service regulations are using «every endeavor to have them­ selves intrenched against Democratic interference, but so far without success. There is a snag in the way of the ex­ tension of the civil service classification to the Government Printing Office. It is understood to be the desire or the President and of the Civil Service Com­ mission that the office should be brought within the civil service classi­ fication, but there is trouble before them in the form of opposition by the Typographical Union. The objection to the extension of the service is raised that if appointments are made upon any form of examination which does not rec­ ognize membership of the union as a necesfary qualification it will result in what the union would call "rats" get­ ting into government employ. The government is hardly prepared to de­ clare that none but union men shall be qualified for employment, and the union will certainly object to any employment within that class of persons not belong­ ing to the union. UPSET THE PLAN* fha President Vetoes secretary .roster's • Arrangements with Wall Street. A New York correspondent says that Secretary of the Treasury Foster's trip to New York City was not on private business, as was given out officially, but was for the purpose of consulting Wall street magnates on the proposition to relieve the money market and check the export of gold by having the govern­ ment issue from $50,000,000 to $100,000,- 000 of bonds. The Wall street men were in favor of the seheme and the speculative contingent were in high feather. The President's co-operation had been counted on as sure, but this confidence was suddenly discovered to be delusive. The President not only refused to approve the deal, but he went further and expressed himself with un­ usual force and declared that he could see no excuse for issuing bonds, and, what was more, he did not propose that any should be issued while he was Pres­ ident. According to Wall street reports, Secretary Foster, before he suddenly left town to go West, is credited with having received a dispatch from Wash­ ington oouchef) In pretty stiff language and running substantially as folhows: I want no new bonds issued under my administration.. Take no eteps. Do noth­ ing. B. HARRISON. He says that Mr. Foster met the Wall street men at a club house and a pro­ longed conference was held. Some of the most notable men in the street are said to h|ive been present, and an agree­ ment was formed on the financial policy of the Government. The action of President Harrison upset their plans entirely. NO MERCY TO THE JEWS. The Care and Cleaning of marble. 'Marble, which is ranch less used than heretofore, has fallen somewhat Into disfavor because of the difficulty of keeping it in order. It will be­ come stained and spotted, and the average housekeeper seems not to un­ derstand hey to put it in proper con­ dition. Grease spots art especially disfigur­ ing, and stains are given «p as hope­ less. The first step in jileaning mar­ ble is to wash it tlitiroughly With clean water and a soft cloth. v Rvery particle of dust, dirt «r gumminess should be removed; then for the treat­ ment of stains there are various Aethods. Some strong acids will re­ move such, but they are dangerous to use, as they will eat holes in the mar­ ble by dissolving the elements of which it is composed. Paint may be removed by pouring a quantity of chloroform over the spot and holding it in place by a thick Cloth of linen or cotton-. . It is said that blotting-paper sat­ urated with chloroform laid over paint spots will absorb them, at least, will so dissolve the ingredients that they may be washed out by sopping them up with ths* cloth End waiter. the colored particles are taken out the oily portion is quite likely to con^e with it. If not cleaned, apply more chloroform. Almost hopeless-looking paint stains hare been entirely removed in this way without leaving a spot If the marble is only ordinarily soiled or discolored, make a paste of com­ mon baking soda and water. Spread it thickly over the n^arhl6 and allow it to stay for some hourss covering it with a. damp cloth so that It1 will not dry too quickly. Leave It on over night; the next day wash thoroughly with clean water and polish with a bit of old wool cloth or felt. If marble is carefully washed onee or twice in a month it rarely becomes dull or spotted unless by some acci­ dent, but When neglected it seems to ^grow spots, and becomes gray, andt loses all of its brilliance and tine finish.--N. Y. Ledger. Barbarism of a Grand Duke--Cruel Edicts Being: Enforced Relentlessly. . The latest advices from St. Peters­ burg and other parts of Jlussia show that the persecution of the J ews and the inhumanity of the Czar's officials toward that unhappy race are greater than ever .before. . Six edicts have been issued, aiming to disperse the Jewish subjects of Russia, weaken their posi­ tion at trading centers and crush out their religion., These edicts are en­ forced with the utmost rigor in many parts of the empire and with severity every where. The Moscow papers boast that, since the beginning of 1891, 20,000 Jews have been converted to orthodoxy. The un­ happy converts, who have been driven to a pretended denial of their religious faith in order to escape intolerable per­ secution, have been deported to the dis­ trict of Tcherkosovo, about five miles from Moscow. There they are rigor­ ously governed by priests of the Russian , orthodox church, who require them to attend the services of that church and to comply with its various rules, watch­ ing narrowly for any sign of evasion or repentance. These priests have entire supervision of the wretched colony, and the alleged, converts from Judaism are only a41owed leave to return to Mos­ cow upon a certificate from the priests vouching that the convert holding such document is assured In the faith of the orthodox church. TO START A RELIGIOUS DAtLY. Methodists Talk of a Paper In Chicago with 1,000,000 Subscribers. It has developed that the Methodists propose someth.ng unique in daily jour­ nalism. At a convention of the Ep- worth League of Northern Wisconsin, at Hudson, a resolution was passed recommending that the Methodist Church of America begin the publica­ tion of a Daily Christian Advocate at Chicago, the editorials to be in line with advanced liber.il religious thought, with sensational and objectionable news eliminated lrom the news columns. It is estimated that there are five mil­ lion members of the Methodist Church in America, and the promoters of the scheme say that a daily Could be started with a million subscribers. The influ­ ence of the paper, it is claimed, will be far reaching. Epwortli Leagues through­ out the country, it is understood, will pass similar resolutions, and the new venture will be launched In March or April. Walnuts lrom the §eed. It requires no more skill ana ap­ pliances to grow walnuts than it does to grow corn--in fact, nolr so much. The main thing is to get the seed all right to start with. These must be gathered as fast as thty ripen in the fall and before they have time.todry out at all. I take the nuts as they fall from the tree and spread them out on the cool cellar floonfor two or three weeks, until the weather gets 8o cool that there is no danger of their heating and sprouting. Then I "heap them out on the ground, un­ der some trees if possible, and cover over with four or live inches of earth. The nuts may lay several deep on the ground, say four inches deep. Let them lay here and soak and freeze until time to plant in the spring. Examine occasionally in the spring as planting-time approaches, to see that they are not sprouting too much. It will do no hurt if the shells are cracked before planting by the sprout starting, but when this is noticed the nuts.should be nlanted without,further delay. Plant the nut where the tree is wanted to stand. Plant in mellow soil and to about the depth that you would a potato. It will make a fine growth the first season of fifteen to twenty-four inches. Take your spade that fall, sharpen it well aftd go along and cut off the tap-root of each tree about six inches below the sur­ face of the ground. This is done by pressing the spade down at an angle that'will cause it to strike the root about that distance down. The oh- jeca in this is to induce a more liberal growth of lateral root near the sur­ face of the soil.--W. D. Boynton,. Outagamie County, Wis. Pluck of a Swedish GlrlP Brie flets. PRESIDENT-ELECT CLEVELAND has AN Atchison man made a life-long Mend to-day. He met the laziest man in town on the streets and warned him in a friendly way that he was working too hardr WoMKtf think more of flatteiy than men, but they believe less of it.--Ei- mira Gazette. UNCLE SAM'S BIG GAip. the Destruction of Paper _ Money Has BeneAted the Government. In all that has been recently written about the depleted condition of Ihe United States treasury little or no ac­ count has been taken of the fact that with each passing year the treasury is a large gainer by the complete destruc­ tion by casualty of its outstanding obli­ gations, says a Washington dispatch. How much this amounts to, what per­ centage each year, etc., the best statis­ ticians of the treasury department have no means of definitely ascertain­ ing. No two of their figures are alike. Since 1862, when the Government be­ gan to issue paper money, $5,8in,6'29,108 have been issued of all kinds and de­ nominations up to July 1, 18'.J2. Within the same period $4,853,451,629 have been redeemed, leaving outstanding on July 1, 1892, as a liability against the Government, $967,178,479. The basis for the redemption of this vast sum of paper varies--gold for the gold certifi­ cates, silver for the silver certificates-- $100,000,000 in gold as a reserve for cer­ tain notes, and so on. All this money Is kept in the vaults awaiting the presentation of the paper for redemption. But much of this paper will never be presented. In an ex­ haustive inquiry on this subject made by United States Treasurer Hyatt it was estimated that the aggregate loss on all the issues up to January, 1888, would not be less than $8,700,000. This estimate did not include the fractional currency--"50 cents, 25 cents, 10 cents and 5 cent shin plasters"--in such ex­ tensive circulation for the few years following the war. Secretary Sherman construed the act of June 21, 1879, as stating that $8,175,934 of fractional cur­ rency issued under various acts had been destroyed, and the debt state­ ment as issued monthly carries as * debt bearing fi» interest but 96,903,- secured the services of a detective, who will act as a body-guard. POSTMASTER N. T. ANDERSON, of New London, Conn., is missing. He is short $4,000 in his accounts. SECRETARY FOSTER will visit New York and confer with bankers on the financial condition of the country. THE Ebbitt House will be the home of Vice President-elect Stevenson while in Washington prior to the inauguration. MANX distinguished people attended the servicos at Haverhill, Mass., in memory of the poet, John Greenleaf Whittier. E. A. PECK has resigned the position of General Superintendent of the "Big Four" Railway, and the office has been abolished. JAMES S. CLARKSON is at the head <:f a syndicate which has purchased the City of Mexico street railway service for $7,000,000. THE United States Consul at Ham­ burg will net issue clean bills of health to steamers clearing lrom Hamburg for the United States. WILLIAM GRCN, in Jail at Canton, Ohio, for larceny, hanged himself after having been prayed with for an hour by W. C. T. U. members. , THE revolutionary sentiment in Bio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is subsiding. It Is now known that the Federal Govern­ ment intends to interfere. THOMAS GASTON. Captain of the Po­ lice, shot and killed W. C. Strickland at Jackson, Tenn. Strickland charged Gaston publicly with corrupt official acts. GBOROE BABCOCK HAZARD, of New­ port, E. I., who Is accredited with much wealth, has been in jail one week be­ cause he neglected to pay damages re­ cently assessed upon him by the court in a case of trespass. He ia upward of 70 years of age, and is the donor of the Hazard Memorial School. " Frolcen Skegstad, a Swedish 'lady, a week or two ago displayed marvel­ ous pluck and endurance on the oc­ casion of the wreckage of the Vega, the Captain of which vessel is her lather, whom she has. accompanied on his voyages for twelve years past. While the Vega was adrift she was tied to the mast for fortv-eight houps, when a Norwegian vessel was sighted. Froken Skogstad then sent her lather and two of the men on board in the boat, herself remaining on board the Vega, which she tried to steer so as to make it follow in the wake of the Norwegian vessel. The Vega, how­ ever, would ||ot obey the rudder, but ultimately Froken Skogstadt, in spite of the peril, succeeded in saving the ship's documents, and the rest of the crew were saved. Froken Skogstadt at the time wore regular sailor's clothes.--London Queen, Queer Request *• ( Some queer bequests have been made m favor of pets. Abouteighty years ago "Elizabeth Orby Hunter, of Upper Seymour street, widow," gave to her parrot, which she described as her "faithful companion or twenty-five years," an annuity of 200 guineas, to be paid half-yearly as long as it should live to whoever may have the care of it and proves its identity." Elaborate provisions were made for the welfare of the parrot, a guardian being 4ppointeel to insure its>qmifort. par another case of an annimJ^tiQ^FOvide for a parrot the question was eventually, raised whether the annuity was to bo con­ tinued during the life of the old woman to whom the money was s left for this specific purpose, or whether it ceased with the existence of the bird. The question was settled In favor of the ^oman. Diet or Business Men. A food journal advises business men to diet themselves so as to be able to do the niaxium of work be­ tween the lunch hour and evening, and not to work for a few minutes after eating. Such foods as plain soups, cold chicken, milk drunk slowly, cresses, lettuce, rice, rice pudding, sandwiches, beef or lamh, bread and butter, will be amply nu­ tritive, and yet so readily assimilated that brain work will not interfere with their digestion. Alcohol in any form should not be taken by hrain workers, and pastry and ice cream should be avoided. Fifteen minutes should be spent m light reading or conversation before severe mental la­ bor is begun. A light cigar immedi­ ately after lunch aids digestion. It is in the evening, when the work of day is done, that a substantial should be taken. THE POPULATION OF INDIA. . - * . " i , , temda TOliich Peatilmicw and: Fa* miss Make bto It. Tlfe population of the Indian Etq* v pi re has risen within the memory of ( n the present generation from 220,000^ > 000 to 289,000,000; It has been i m * ereasing at the rate of 2,500,01)0 ai£>> nually, and is now rising at the ratiP of 3,000,000. If no large famines o eur it will considerably exceed 300,*. 000.000 at, the end of the century . now drawing to a close. Even in th« event of decimation from these cause* there will be an excess over th^ 300#* - 000,000. This argumentation1 is cq* incident with a growth in means ana resources of livelihood and in mates' rial prosperity of all kinds. The ei*-" port of food grains in vaatf' quanti$^p cont.inu.es. : The average or population in thf Indian EmpireJs very moderate.. For ' all tha| the density in some parts to - considerable anil in other parts too great. On the other hand there Is large quantity of cultivable lanL still unused, the exteot of which cai| be fully known by experience aloni Further, the existing cultivation catt 1 be made more and IT'OTt? productive -»/ by agricultural science, by^ develop­ ment of irrigation in detail, and "by ,- c, improved appliances for husbandry. v On the whole there is fair reason to hope that the magnificent area c®, ; land will be able to sustain its pe<£ _ ^ pie, and that the accessions of teem­ ing millions decade after decade urfc-s •' der the British rule maybe welcomed, *'• without an afterthought. On th,# other there have been and still are frequently recurring causes to check the growth of population. ?- One fearfully potent cause, arisinf • # from internal war, devastation andt V disorder, which un to the preset#^ ? century decimated the people, has been effectually stopped. But pesti? , ^ lence, which in former centuries oQr casionally stalked through the land, *» still lurks in many places. It is kept down by sanitation, by the diffusion of "medical education among the nafc L* tives, and by the purification of thf o wr.ter supply. ] * " The waterworks are to be found i®, ^ almost every town; in the great citie| they may be compared with anything of their kind in any country. The V check on population, as lmposed-bjr •- sickness, will be gradually lessoned,,.* v Then there is the terrible check re* . • suiting from famine or scarcity. Th(i recorded experience of more than* century shows that this scourge has : appeared in one quarter dr another1 T' once in every three years. Its recurrence is extremely proba»„ 'C. _ ble. It springs from atmospheric*** conditions which may be i^tiall^ controlled, but cannot be Wholly v. averted, by the pow»r of man. Its • terrible power is intpart weakened bf^ ^ railway communication supplying the '( markets which have been depleted • from scarcity. Its area may be ia some degree limited by Irrigation w o r k s . • . 1 The conservation and propagation ' ^ of forests will improve the supply or - J moisture in the country. Great ef­ forts, without stint of money, will / be made by the Government >:ta And / wages and employmentfor the multi* f •• tudes suddenly thrown"out of work b*X- the cessation of labor in the jSeldf 2 and the temporary paralysis or th| ;; hand looms, the potteries %od, oUkei| Village industries. i Infinite good will,, indef$, be ef-t, Af­ fected in these various 'Ways., administration can guarantee gecuri- ty against los» of life i'rota hunget 'V* and frorp the many ailttients whictt ensue after a period of 'physical de* $ pression. Therefore, the population f * will be checked in some degree by famine. The lo3S from that caus#* appears to be about 600,000 aniioallt g in a cycle for years.--<The Fortnight- " ^- l y R e v i e w . . - - ̂ 1 1 f > t Sprlngl Jijr a Trap. A 1•' , Peddler (opening his pack)--I have here, madam, an imprpved rat-traip, Which - " ' . > *.;r i i Woman of the house--Wertreheve* troubled with ratsw, i "Which can al^o be used for crack­ ing huts*--"" t. •, .V.m '•... "We never use nuts of any kind. " "0%as a coffee ^oagferif in this manner jty--' 4 We »1 WiiysWiiy our coffeferoasted." «'Jiist sb. life versing the. Wires that form the upper portion and bcingin| down the side-flaps thus, we have a device for holding eggs when cook­ ing " ' I "We never eat eggs." t "And by folding these wire lo >} as you see me doing now, it makes handy arrangement for holding small mirror " if "Haven't the slightest use forsif a thing," I) "While by adjusting another sm. mirror in this position and anotH at this angle, as you will notice, at placing it a kitchen window, for ample, it has the curious effect o'* abling the observer, seated at side of the window and entirely^ of sight, to see distinctly through' window that may be opposite aq« note what is going on inside;, atf' 1 ask for this most useful and grehensive invention is 75 ce which is only about one-half ' "I'll take it."-- (Jhioago Tribur Hatching at Sea-flsli and Sltett-1'ish In many countries whose gea-^.h eries are comparatively of lesaA* portance than are those of SooUnr hatcheries of sea-fish and shell-fish' have been in operson for a number of years. In the United StasleiM branch of fishery-work lias been veloped for several years with si ful results. Last summer enqrr shoals of young cod were preset , Massachusetts coast, which tSfit erman--who, it is stated, att': V vinced that the work will oe ; 7 beneficial to them--are unanrnj'/ •> sonsidering to be due to the efi A ' the Fish Commission. At the! ernment hatchery at Flodevigpl Norway, during the presertfe| there are hatched and piintect'w fishing-grounds, along the iyjast fewer than 192,000,000 of young tj and last year, at the sea-tteh ha?wi*f erected in Dildo Island by the ernment <jf Newfoundland, 17,000,< cod and over four hundred million lob-^j Bters were batched and subsequently'* distributed in the inshore waters. ,00c MR. NOOPOP (through the * tele phohe, 2 a. m.)--Doctor, come s^ow^ right away and see the baby. J)Jr Paresis--Whac seems to be tl mgal trouble? Mr. Koqpoffr-rl think it'! L bjv&T:. ! ^,'L