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isW' I. VAN t'.Y «£. Edrtcr p*T*> W*«t ef. McHBNttY, Y\ iri vf7 j »<% , If" «r >** v,, w ) ^i' STATES OUT Of DEBT. •mm. BREAD-MAKING. light enable* BY GYRUS XD80N, M. D. met. K U-J - J_ reusa on IT L»1>or • .'yii'i'i; PARENTAL ADVICE. tttlii the wiVl'view1!?* like to love ML yotfw got to mate «u d* It, W&fr* > (9k, etraskid, ain't ye ' Ibli Is the w »fals wonld ^ .JTWtDt ®g*t f» brow tin at a distance . pastm way off yonder, , D#B̂ M1«t« what idiot* tell ye *a**AfeMnc« makes tiie heart S%«P dp to 'cm. Johnny, Sorry Kate g»v« yon the mittea; Mtetdsaid ' Yes.' as sate as gospel, ' If yon hadn't been sucn a kitten. ' 4- Tm Will learn bow to view this mattift BImeby jest the wav I view it, - .j* Ifcattltegala would like to love ye jP: Bnt you're got to make 'em deli* - : Ifcferylwiy's bound to have 'em ^ All, at any rate, but few ate; • * A&' w'ea I was young an' lively" krt I was taken jest a« yon are: ?.* * iB'I wWt an'popped It to hw r ;** " Skeered completely out of nat^. ,tv§ Vkemblin' like a frightened rabbJfc, , '• Bluthin' like a red termator. After she had tol' me, "Ho, sir," I waa jest abont as you be. Sots' round limp and kinder dm Feelln' Ilka a hlar.f rv.i boob?. But I fin'ly « punkedl up eourage Like a man to go an' -win her-- An' S tie's been a bleesin' to me, - ,v , leaa't say a word agin' her J *®ld I get her?" Now you're arafii* Do you s'pose I'd Ret another ; Wen I loved the gal like I did- Go an' ask her--she's yet mother. ,. Mace that time I tell the yotingsfcstS Jest the way I alln* view it. That the gal«would like to love 'Me Btttthey've got to make '«m do it. --8. W. FOBS in Yankee Blade. nodded'. Shelah drew his feet out of the Wet sand aftd wfth a *ad$mitvtif0&d up th& beach. As he strode between the1 lifeboat and the yawl' hN, face settled into gloom. There was $ big sandhill on his left; he turned aside and Aoutel It "Ten kisses," be groaned, and looked vacantly around him. He slowly descended the mound and walked toward the inn. The •Ship's" sign could be seen long be­ fore the ink Within a few paces of the inn Shelah halted. He could hear a horse's hoofs pawing the ground. He was soon regaled with a little whistling, then the softly hummed verse of asong. The words came to his ears with aggravating clearness: You've ell beard of Larry O Toole, n of Drumgoole*} Of the beautiful town .. He had bnt. on«*»ye , Xo ogie ye t»jf; ' • * " her. but that was a jew*l 1 sftr HIS JEN.i .ijw'v. I • h %tf~~ - &• ' - $A ¥' xT-:-" • :-M2 ( k ' r. X'V' ' ' : < • » ' . There had bean a fog in the early morninp, but the sun, gathering strength, burst suddenly from behind a black and indigo cloud and streaked the sea with a copperish hue, says Chamber's Journal. Far down the beach were two men and a boat. They were staiwart men, and the eldest was busy shaking from the meshes of a drawnet entangled tufts of maroon and brown Seaweed. "Poor draughts. Shelah." said th« netshaker, looking philosophically into the basket that held the fish. "Poor enough, Master Reeka la it home now?" j 4•Ay, lad; home it la. Got in the • boat, Shelah." | The young man jumped into the boat and took the oars; the other shoved off. and when he was knee deep in the salt water clambered in after him. "Shelah," said Reeks, speaking of a sudden, "when are you going to marry my Jen?" There came a little extra color into Shelah's smooth, tanned cheeks. "I don't know, master," he said. ••Ah," said Keeks, with a sigh, "I wish her mother was alive." ••Why, Old Tom?" asked Shelah. "Why? Vo sheer her, lad. I'm afeered my hand is a bit too heavy on the tiller for a dainty, craft like my Jen. hhe wants a woman at her helium--or a husban'." "What makes you say that?" asked Shelan, resting on his oars. "I'll tell ve, laa," he said, slowly; "it's been on my mind a long time, an' now I'll tell y& I don't like the com ill's an' goin's of that young brewer of our'n, Cyril Bivington. Now, in tny farher's time ah' in my time the old 'Ship' might ha' tumbled about our ears for all the brewer cared or troubled. But since this here young chap ha' come from abroad an* his father ha' taken him into partnership things ha' altered. Vigil on every day he's a-ridin' up to know if we want anything done. Is the beer all riirht? Are there any re­ pairs needed'r An' all that I shouldn't care how many times he come, Shelah, if it warn't for Jen. I'm afreed that his tine hoss an' his velvet coat an' his leggins an' watch- chain may dazzle her, lad. It's pre­ cious little company we see at the ' 'Ship' an' it may make her dissatis­ fied with the life she's leading." "Jen is all right," said Shelah, firmly. "So she is, my lad; but she'd he a lot better married. An' so. between man an' man my lad, I wants to know when you are goin' to marry her?" "I'd marry her to-morrow," said Styelah, wistfully, "if she'd ha* me, master." Reeks looked at him steadily for a moment "Shelah Baxter," he said solemnly, "you put me in mind of that song the Scotch packman was singin' in the 'Ship' the tother night You sit on a stule an' look like a fule, with your hold jaws newly shaven. You aint got the plucic of a mouse" Shelah looked dreamily at the pur­ ple-feathered arrows and silvery spear- tipped shafts of clould over the sea, but gave no contradiction! "WP wimen, 1 mean," pursued Beeks. "There ain't no man in the whole village, Shelah. that could put you on your back. But wi' wimen:" He snorted. "Why, man alive, the bolder you are with a woman the bet­ ter she likes ye. See how the? run after a soger's coat. Now, I ha' got a bit and you ha' got a boat of own, and what's to prevent you two a set- tlin' down together? Pluck up, She- lab, says I, ha' no more shilly-shal* lyin\" "I'll think ^«}cply. ?• ' "Do," said Reeks, refilling his pipe. -"But to act UDon it would be better." Shelah's suspended oars fell splash vpon the sea and for a moment the boat seemed to raise up and fly bodily over the top of a wave, so hard did he pull. "Master," he said deliberately, •tean you read writin'?" • f f i r "No," said Reeks, "I can't Whv?" •A "Because, if you could, I wanted jtiMt to read this." He held out a sheet of pink notepaper. It was soiled with tish scales and tobacco dust but even now retained a sweet and subtle perfume. Keekt? took it gingerly, held it in three different ways and narrowly scanned it. "All I can make out lad." he said, "is these here" i "What are they?" cried Shelah, PMrerly. /; "Kisses!" said Reeks, solemnly. :i*flCen on 'em." > "Kisses?" repeated Shelah, va­ cantly. In sudden fury he snatched the paper and, doubling it In a ball, threw it lar over the waves. Oppo­ site the lookout Shelah rowed ashore. "Now," said Iieeks, as he jumped ; out "I'll stow away, lad. Go you up to the •Ship.' It's about time . vou an1 Jen came to an onderstandinl (Pluck up, Shelah, and remember f Hitcre'* alius ways an' means of win- on it" said Shelah, Och, mnri A fool Hemade of the girts, this OToole. taere next sounded some lottd laughter, a step on the tiled path of the inn, then the singer spoke, "I drink your health my charmer," he said, "in the Rivington brew." After that he spoke lower, but the words reached Shelah's ears: "You got my note, Jennie, but you. never came. Why was that?" "I wm afraid. And, oh, what would father say if he knew that you sent me that note with all those-- those .* The musical voice end6d suddenly. • 'Kisses, Jen nle, ** finished the horseman. "Well, Idou't know. I don't particularly care. Love is alto­ gether reckless. And for you, my gypsy, 1 woulu risic anything. Now tell me, Jennie when can* you meet I me alone? It is a small favor for a lover to ask. When shall it be?" Jennie was silent. "Jennie," said the rider seriously, "do you love me?" Jbolding his breath, Shelah waited for the answer. It was inaudible: ,4Come a little nearer, Jennie." said the honseman, gaily; kisses on paper are nothing to kisses in " "Hush!" cried Jennie; "some one is coming!" It was Shelah. He rounded the corner in time to see Cyril Rivington riding away. With his head bowed Shelah crossed the threshold of the inn door; he was met inside by a pretty, brown-cheeked girl, whose face had a heightened and rather unusual bloom. At sight of Shelah she looked disconcerted. Jen, lass," he said, "I want to speak toyou; I want to ask you some- thin'." Jennie started and there was a sensible diminution of the color in her cheeks. "Not now, Shelah," she said nervously. "I'm busy now. Wait till father comes in." •No," said Shelah, "1 can't, wait If I don't speak now I shall never speak. I won't stop you long." "Well, then," said Jennie, "say it quick. What is it?" She seated her­ self with her face to the window and her foot nervously tapping the sanded floor. It's this," said Shelah, and his voice shook a little: "We ha' been sweetheartin' for a long time, and I want to know when we are going to get married, Jen?" "Never," she said, softly. . "Never?" he repeated, huskily. "I should only make vou wretched. 1 want you to give me up, to forget me, Shelah." ••Give you upt Jen! 'Give you ur lass! Give up my life--ask me for that Jen, but don't ask me to give you up, sweetheart for I do so love you, my dear." Jennie's lips qui vered and her eyes began to fill with tears, but she kept her face to the window. "It would break my heart to marry you," she said, "fori love some one else." "You love some one else?" said Shelah, mechanically. "Yes, and be is going to marry me. So you see, Shelah, it would be wrong for me to marry you. I should be al­ ways miserable and wretched, and I should make you miserable and wretched too; so please dear Shelah, let me go and--and forget me," She ended with a sob. White and still sat Shelah; then heavily and wearily he rose. Jennie uncovered her face for a moment At the sight of bis she hid it again. "Forget yoa, lass," he said. "I never can." Moved perhaps by the thought of what might have been, he leaned down and gently pressed his lips to her forehead. "But if giving you up, lass,® he proceeded huskily, "will make you happy, Jen"--there was ah agonizing ring in his voice--•'why, I give you up" When she looi&ed around again he •was gone. All that night it froze bard and the calm sea lay moaning like a dog on its chain. Shelah heard It as he stood in the lonely sentrv-box of the lifeboat lookout In the morning the frost-bowed blades of the seagrass had changed the dunes into a great glistening bed of white coraL As usual, Shelah called at the "Ship" for Tom Reeks. He had barely entered when he heard a horse's hoofs on the hard road, a horseman reined up at the inn and Shelah drew back into the shadow. "Shelah!" It was Jennie who spoke. She stood white and trembling on the cellar steps. "Will--will you take him this?" •wired them--he felt he ought not theDutidlord of the-"Ship." There were th# tickets and he hoped that Reeks and his daughter would attend. , ' "I forgot to mention," he said blandly, as Reeks, after expressing his thanks, took them up, "that this b%U is to be held 4n honor of my son Cyril's marriage. He is to be mar­ ried this week to the daughter of a very old friend of mine--a man of Kent" As he finished a low sobbing cry startled all but Shelah A beer- warmer had rattled to the floor and Jennie stood vacantly staring into a little lake of the spilt liquid at hci feet , - V, "Why, what's the matter, lass?*' said Reekg; "you look as white as a ghost" "Nothing, farther," she answered faintly, '^nothing only the heat or the Are." '-That is what it was," said old Rivington, "the heat of the fire, no doubt 1 have experienced the same sehsation myself. Well, good day, Reeks I hope you will find it con* venlent to attend." He nodded pleasantly, untetbered his horse from the palings, and mounted it As he rode away he smiled softly and patted his horse's mane. Shelah Baxter came out of the "Ship" and walked aimlessly down to his boat. The surf was Dolling on the Scroby, and great roll­ ers with foaming crests were racing in and tumbling upon the sunlit beach. He stood awhile absently watching the little salt fountains which their recoil left bubbling in the sand, then mounted the tall hillock to look for lieeks. On the top he started and his tan cheeks grew pate. At the base of the mound by a dwarfed clump of furze sat a girl, sobbing violently. It was Jennie Reeks. He descended the side she was on and gently touched her shoulder. "You'll catch cold, lass," he said, sadlv, "if you sit hem" Through her tear-brimmed eyes she looked into his face. Not a word of reproach. Oniy in his eyes was the love that had been so constant and true. With a little catching of her breath Jennie rose and drew back; then, with a convulsive cry, she flung her arms wildly about his neck, and there she sobbed, until she could sob no more. When they went back to the "Ship" Reeks met them at the door. Something in their attitude made him softly whistle. A nearer view of their faces made him chuckle. It seemed as if Shelah had taken his advice and plucked up at last--Chambers' Journal [Health Commissioner, New York City.) It is necessary, if one would under­ stand the sanitary aspects of bread- mairing, to fully comprehend the pres­ ent theory held by scientists of germs ana the part played by them in disease. The theory of disease germs is merely the name given to the knowledge had of those germs by medical men, a knowledge which is the result of innu­ merable experiments. Being this, the old term of a "theory" has become a misnomer. A germ of a disease is a plant so small that I do not know how to express intelligibly to the general reader its lack of size. When this germ is introduced into the blood or tissues of the body, its action appears to be analagous to that which takes place when yeast is added to dough- It attacks certain elements of the blood or tissues, and destroys them, at the same time producing new substances. But the germs of the groater part of the germ diseases, that is, of the infec­ tious and contagious diseases, will de­ velop or increase in number without being in the body of a human being, provided always you give them the prope? conditions. These conditions are to be-found hi doutrh which is be- eall Uufhread ea«ily digest Jtfor the" gwt̂ ^uioes quickly soak into and attack it from all sides. The fermentation of the dough, however, uses up a portion of the nu­ trient elements of the loaf. If it fee possible, therefore, to produce a light porous loaf without this destruction and without the "kneading" process, whioh fills the dough with germs ana filth, and without the long period dur­ ing which the raising process goes on, the gain in food and the gain in the avoidance of the germs is exceedingly plain. But while we can easily see the dan­ gers which attend the use of yeast it is certain that the vesiculatiiig effect {>roduced by it on the dough is to the ast degree perfect. It is apparont that if we are to substitute any other system of bread making we must have one which will give us, first, meohan- cal results equally as good, that is, that will produce minute bubbles of car­ bonic acid gas throughout the mass of dough. Now it is in no way difficult to Ercduce carbonic acid gas chemically, ut when we are working at bread we must use such chemicals, as are per­ fectly healthful. Fortunately these „ is ce (WMl MWI itisttwatitlme. _ most absolutely*... Those who flirt OT biscuits or itrila made at home with Boya! baking powder may be suretfe? have absolutely Stopped one channel through whioh disease may reach them. Nora.--Housekeepera desiring information otk As Good as a Seashore Cottage. "Are you going to the seashore this summer?"Jones asked of Brown. "N-not exactly," said Brown, "but we're going to aooomplish the same result without going from home at all." "What do y o u m e a n ? " " W h y , i t ' s t h i s w a y : Y f m see, When a person of my Tr">nTi> takes wolWaraishttd house. Ifou know th« sort of place tho usual summer cottage U. Well, wo'vo decided to accomplish tho rosult In another way. We're go­ ing to move up into the* attic for the summer.1* "Move up into the ftttln?" Why, certainly. It is unfinished, iuet like a seashore cottage. The sun beats down on. tJK« shingles and the temperature" above" 100*" POPULAR SCIENCE. Strangely fascinated at being called upon for such an act Shelah took from her the measure of sparkling ale, and, like a mail1 in a dream, car­ ried it to the door. With his head down he walked up to the rider. A loud "Hem!" cau- ed him to start and look up. Instead of the young brewer, he was facing the old one. The elder Rivington looked at the ale as a doctor might look at his own medicine. "No.^my man," he said, "Idon't care for Viything so early as this If you'll have the goodness to hold my horse while I dismount j Thank'ee. Tether him there--will 1 you? 1 want to sae the landlord. Is he In?" Before Shelah could answer Beeks gave evidence ot his bodily presence by appearing at the doorway. The brewer walked in, followed by Shelah. Rivington, senior, was a pleasant, chatty old gentleman, and he soon disciobed the object of his visit A ball was going to bo held at Herring- bourne Town Hall, and he was dis- AIFFHOTJOR an ant is a tiny creature, yet its brain is even tinier. But al­ though it is necessarily smaller than the ant's head which contains it, yet it is larger in proportion, according to the ant's size, than the brain of any known creature. THE greatest depth under water ever reached by a diver is believed to have been attained by Capt. John Christiansen, who went down 196 feet below the surface at Elliott Bay, Wash., recently. He remained at that depth in his armor for twenty minutes, without inconvenience. CORALS increase bv eggs, spontane­ ous division ana germination. The rate of growth has not been fully de­ termined. Prof. Agassiz indicates the growth of reefs at Key West at the rate of six inches in 100 years, and adds that if we doubled that amount it would require 7,000 years to form the reefs in that place, and hundreds of thousand years for the growth of Florida; GKRMS of contagious diseases are capable of multiplying themselves with marvellous rapidity. A single germ, when placed in surroundings favorable to its growth, divides itself again, and so on, the number soon reaching into thousands. It has been estimated that by the end of twenty- four hours a single germ will have multiplied itself into more than 16,- 500,000 germs. AN important industry has arisen In France, the selling of milk frozen solid in cans. It has been discovered that milk can be kept perfectly fresh in a frozen condition for more than a month. It is frozen by means of an ordinary ice-making machine, and dispatched by road, rail or steamer to its destination. The customer who purchases the frozen milk has simply to thaw it when it is required for use. AT Stockholm, Sweden, the longest day ig 18£ hours in length; at Spitz- be rgen, it Is 3\ months. At London (England) and Bremen, (Prussian the longest day has 16* hours At Ham­ burg, in Germany, and Dantzig, in Prussia, the longest day has 17 hours. At Wardbury, Norway, the longest day lasts from May 21, to July 22, without interruption* At St Peters­ burg (Russia) and Tobolsk (Siberia) the longest day Is IB hours and the shortest five hours. At Tornea, Fin­ land, June 21 brings a day nearly 22 hours long, and Christmas one less than three hours in length. At New York the longest day is about 15 horn's;'it Montreal, Canada, it is 16 hours. «mn«si OSRHS TOCSD MM Ing raised with yeast. They are warmth, moisture and the organic matter of the flour on which the germs, after certain changes, feed. It is necessary to remember at this point that yeast is germ growth, and when introduced into a mixture of glu­ cose or starch, in the presence of warmth and moisture sets up a fer­ mentation. If the njixture be a starchy dough the yeast first changes a portion of the starch into glucose and then de­ composes the glucose by changing it into two new substances, viz., carbonic aoid gas and alcohol. Now the gluten, whicli is also a con­ stituent of dough and moist starch, affords, with the latter, an excellent nidus for the development of germs of disease as well as for the yeast germs. The germs of cholera, as of typhoid fever, would, if introduced/lhtd dough, find very favorable conditions for their growth. \ I do not wish to "pose" as an alarmist, nor am I willing to say there is very much chance of the ge/fms of typhus and of cholera reaching the stomachs of the people who eat bread which has befen raised with yeast. But I have not the slightest cause to doubt? that other diseases have been and will be carried about in the bread. I have met journeymen bakers, suf­ fering from cutaneous diseases, work­ ing the dough in the bread trough with naked hands and arms. I have no rea­ son to suppose bakers are less liable to cutaneous diseases than are other men, and I know, as every housewife knows, yeast-raised bread must be worked a long time. This is an exceedingly ob­ jectionable thing from the standpoint of a physician, for the reason that the germs of disease which are in the air and dust and on stairways and straps in street cars, are most often collected on the hands. Any person who has ever kneaded dough understands the way in which the dough cleans the hands. This means that any germs which may have found a lodging place on the hands of the baker before he makes up his batch of bread are sure to find their way into the dough, and once there, to find all the conditions necessary for subdivision and growth. This is equivalent to saying that we must rely on heat to kill these germs, because it is almost certain that they will be there. Now, underdone or doughy bread i» a form which every man and woman has seen. It is a belief as old as the hills that underdone bread is unhealthful. This Reputation has been earned for it by ihe experience of countless genera- Those Who Have Lived. According to a recent writer it Is impossible to give any close figures on the number of persons who have lived on this earth. It is generally considered that one' person in everj thirteen dies each year. At this rate the population would be renewed every tMrfceen years. Assuming that the population of the world is 1,000,- 000,000, and that It has been 1,000,- 000.000 at any time during the last 6,000 years, we find that the popula­ tion has been renewed about 461 times; that is. that 462,000,000,000 have lived oq this earth since the creation. This, of course, is vastly in excess of the real number, for the world, so far as we can tell, is more thickly populated now than ever be­ fore. Probably if we were to cut those figures in two we should still be above the actual number, with a to­ tal of 231,000,000,000 persons. There are no figures on which to base an estimate of the population of the world in Christ's time. The census taken when He was brought up to Jerusalem has not come down to us; if it had, it would have |>een of great tributing invitations to such of his ] historical and sociological value.-- tenants a* choose to attend: A» he j Goldthwalto'eGeograpbical Magazine. iions, and no careful mother will wish ner children to eat bread that has not been thoroughly cooked. The reason given for this recognized unlxealthful- ness has-been that the uncooked yeast dough is very difficult to digest. No one but a physican would be apt to think of disease germs which have not been killed during the process of bak­ ing as a cause of the sickness 'following the use of uncooked yeaBt bread. Yet this result from this cause is more than Srobable. I have not the slightest oubt that could we trace back some of the cases of illness which we meet in Our practioe we would find that germs collected by the baker have found their way into the yeast bread,that the heat has not been sufficient to destroy them, that the uncooked yeast bread has been eaten and with it the colonies of germs, that they have found they way into tho blood and that the call for our services which followed has rounded off thia Beauence of events. I have already pointed out that tho germs of disease are to be found in tho air and dust. The longer any substanco to be eaten is exposed to the air, tne greater the chance that germs will bo deposited on it. Bread raised with veast is worked down or kneaded twice before being baked, and this process may take anywhere from four hours to ten. It has, then, the chance of col­ lecting disease germs during this process of raising, and it has two pe­ riods of working down or kneading, during* each of which it may gather the dirt containing the germs from the baker's hands. As no bread save that raised with yeast goes through this long process of raising and kneading, so no bread save that raised with yeast has so good a chance of gathering germs. What is meant by "raising" bread is worth a few words. The introduction of the y east into the moist dough and the addition of heat when the pan is placed near the fire produces an enor­ mous growth of the yeast fungi--the yeast "germ," in other words. These fungi effect a destructive fermentation of a portion of the starchy matter of the flour--one of the most -valuable nutrient elements in the flour. The fermentation produces carbonic acid gas, and this, having its origin in every little particle of the starch, which is itself everywhere in the flour, pushes aside the particles of the dough to give itself room. This, is what is called "raising the bread." It needs but a glance to see that it is, in its effects on tne dough, purely me- ebanioaL • The dough,' which was be- WAR INTO TBI VBAIMT RRMDI ^ ~ - are not hard to find. The evils which attend the yeast-made bread are obviated by the use of a properly made, pure and wholesome baking powder in lieu of yeast. Bak­ ing powders are composed of an acid and an alkali, which, if properly com­ bined, should when they unite at once destroy themselves and produce car­ bonic acid { as. A good baking powder does its work while the loaf is in the oven, and, having done it, disappears. But care is imperative in selecting tho brand of baking powder to be cer­ tain that it is composed of non-in- jurious chemicals. Powders contain­ ing alum or those which are com­ pounded from impure ingredients, or those which are not combined in prop­ er proportion or carefully mixed and which will leave either an acid or an alkali in the bread, must not be used. It is well to sound a note of warning in this direction, or the change from the objectionable yeast to an im­ pure baking powder will, be a case of jumping from the frying pan into the fire. The best baking powder made is, as shown by analysis, the "Royal." It contains absolutely nothing but cream of tartar and soda, refined to a chem­ ical purity, which when combined under the influence of heat and moist­ ure produce carbonic acid gas, haying done this, disappear. Its leav­ ening strength has been found supe­ rior to other baking powders, and as far as I_ kno w, it is the only powder which will raise large bread perfectly. Its use avoids the long period during which the yeast-made dough must stand in order that the starch may fer­ ment, and there is also no kneading necessary. The two materials used in the Royal, cream of tartar and soda, are perfectly harmless, even when eaten. But they are combined in exact compensating weights, so that when chemical action begins between them they practially disappear, the substance of both hav­ ing been taken up to form the carbonic acid gas. More than this, the proper method of using the powder insures the most thorough mixing with the flour. The proper quantity being taken, it is mixed with the flour ana stirred around in it. The mixture is then sifted several times, and this in­ sures that in every part of the flour there shall be a tew particles of the Eowder. The salt and milk or water eing added, the dough is made up as quickly as possible, and molded into the loaves. These are placed in the oven and baked. But the very moment the warmth and moisture attack the mix- misca dogrfies fjery sunny summer day; that's just like a soashoro cottage, too. When it rains the water doesn't beat through our roof, to be sure, as it does through the roofs of the seashore cottages, but we can remedy that by poking a few holes through tha shingles hero and there, and getting the roof mended in the fall. It will smell a little stuffy, but that is eminently like a seashore cottage. We shall keep a clothes basket full of unwashed clam shells standing in the corner to produce a realistic effect. On the whole we shall be ever so much more comfortable in our own accustomed garret than we would be at the seaside, and we shall have this inestimable advantage, that when we get sick of it we can simply move right down into our own comfort­ able home, whereas if we were at the shore and paying a high price for a cottage we should feel bound to stick it out to the bitter end. Oh, I tell you it is a great scheme!"--Boston script An Amusing Derivation. '/ Lexicographers of other days were notoriously at fault with their deriva­ tions, and an amusing instance is given as to how plausible etymologies may be concocted. It appears that the learned Porson was staying at one time with a well known Canon of Ely named Jeremiah King. . One day at dinner, when they had got into a discussion.upon questions of etymology, Porson gave a derivation which King considered so far-fetched as to be quite ridiculous. "You might as well say that my name is connected with cucumber," said King. Possibly there was a cucumber on the dinner table. "And so it is," said Porson. "How so?" asked King. "Why, thus--Jeremiah King, by con­ traction Jerry King; Jerry King, by contraction and metathesis, Gherkin; and gherkin, we know, is a cucumber pickled." Porson's definition of the meaning of the word gherkin is almost aserroneous, it will be observed, as his playful deri­ vation, since gherkin' is "not a pickled cucumber, but a small cucumber of a particular variety commonly used for pickling. v«' Wonderftal Helen Keller. Helen Keller, the wonderful deaf, dumb, and blind girl, who has been taught so much despite her triple af­ fliction, has been visiting Prof. Gra­ ham Bell, in Washington. She has lately taken up the study of French, and already has a good knowledge of the language. In a letter to a friend she once wrote: "I am always delighted when any one writes me a beautiful thought which I can treasure in my memory forever. It is because my books are so full of the riches of which Mr. Buskin speaks that I love them so dearly. I did not realize until I began to write the sketch what precious com­ panions books have been to me, and how blessed even my life has been, and now I am happier than ever because I do realize the happiness that has come to me." This was written two years ago, when she was but 11 years old. A Georgia Marriage Ceremony. A justice of the peace in Sanders- ville, Ga., being called upon to perform a marriage ceremony, is accused of concluding with, "By the authority vested in me as an officer of the State of Georgia, which is sometimes called the Empire State of the South; by the fields of cotton that lie spread out in snowy whiteness around us; by tho howl of the coon dog, and the gourd vine whose clinging tendrils will shade the entrance to your humble dwelling w. -'a Mlchl- ' ; Wisconsin, and Illinois--have? * no interest-hearing debt, and there1 • are six or seven other States wbose bonded debts are mere bagatelles, says the Times-Star. Among the!**' number are New Jersey, Nebraska.^ Kentucky, and California. In a cur- rent news paragraph, which contalusL" the above information, it is said that - '^exclusive of the *tS states U of the Union are generally free from, debt," and that "the annual interest * " charge of all the States collectively is less than that of a single railroad-- > Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe." ft- To a foreigner, or any one else not *'• ' familiar with "the facts, this would ^ convey the impression that the i Americans bear an extremely light ^ burden of debt Such an idea would be somewhat modified, however, by v. tho knowledge that the Atchison, To- f peka and Santa Fe pays interest on . $o00,000,-000 or more, the annual in- v terest charge exceeding 925,000,000 almost as much as the entire interest 1 ; charge ol the Federal Government. It is true that the State debts out­ side of the South ^r$ small, yet the ip*' aggregate is far from being a trifle. - A The Southern States have a bonded - v indebtedness of $144,000,000 in round ^ ' numbers. The total bonded indebt- '<* edness of all the States in 1890 was $224,000,000, on which the annual in- ^ terest charge was $10,000,000. The total bonded debt of the States is Si about one-third of the national inter- est*bearing debt The people of this country would have good reason to consider them­ selves especially blessed in the mat- ter of taxation for interest 6n public • debts if they had nothing more to **4 pay than the interest on the Na­ tional and State bonded indebted­ ness It is the local burdens that weigh heavily upon their shoulders, and, although these debts may be less onerous than those borne in other countries, they are not to be dis­ missed as matters of no great impor­ tance, as may be done in the cwsft of ; State debts. The aggregate of county and mu< nicipal indebtedness in 1890 was about $999,000,000--nearly $280,000,- 000 more than the bonded debt of the United States Of this vast amount about $846,000,000 was upon munici­ palities and $144,000,00a upon coun­ ties. It has been frequently said that Ohio heads the list of the States " « in the amount of local indebtedness. The census figures of 1890 do not con­ firm this assertion. The county and , municipal indebtedness of Ohio in the census year was a little more than $66,000,000, of which $59,000,- 000 rested upon municipalities. Pennsylvania had $91,000,000 of local debts, Massachusetts $99,000,000 and New York $244,000,000. If the local bonded indebtedness of the various States Was disappearing as rapidly as is the debt of the United States there would be ample cause for congratulation. But it has been fast increasing for many years, and in the proceedings of the legisla­ tures that recently adjourned there ^ was nothing to show that the reck- * 1 less disposition for heaping UD local burdens had abated. BREAD WITHOUT TXABT "THH M08* PBBISOS O* AU COHCXIVABI.B WAVS OF BAISIMO IX. ture of cream of tartar and soda, these two ingredients chemically combine, and carbonic acid or leavening gas is evolved. The consequence may be seen at a glance; the bread is. raised during the time it is baking in the oven, and this is the most perfect of all conceivable methods of rawing it. Here, then, there is no chance for germs of disease to get into the dough and thence into, the Btomach; more than that, the broad is necessarily as sweet as possible, there having been no time in which it could sour. This involves the fact that the bread so made will keep longer, as it is less likely to bo contaminated by the germs that effect the souring process. It will be strange if the crowds of visitors to the World's Fair do not greatly increase the number of con­ tagious diseases, which we will have to treat. Under these circumstances is it not folly of follies to open a single channel through which these germs may reach us V Is it not the part of wisdom to watch with the greatest care all that we eat and drink, and to see that none but the safest and best meth­ ods are employed in the preparation of our food ? To me it seems as though there could be but one answer to ques­ tions like these. I have shown the danger of using the yeast-raised bread, and with this I have shown how that danger may be avoided. The ounce of prevention, place; by the red and luscious heart of the watermelon whose sweetness fills the heart with joy; by the heavens and earth, in the presence of these wit­ nesses, I pronounce you man and wife." Pat's Wit Always on Tap. A son of Erin was coming up-town on the evening of Decoration Day feel­ ing much exhilarated. He sat in the street car exclaiming at short inter­ vals and in various keys: "H'rah f'r oul' Irelan'." He said it when the con­ ductor asked for his fare and he said it when someone asked him to move along and make room; he said it when he got off the car, and to the first man he met he shouted: "H'rah f'r oul' Irelan'." The man didn't sympathize with his mood, and answered surlily: "Hurrah for h--11." The Irishman faced about and laid a detaining arm on the other man's shoulder. "Tha's x.4>, ; * « . . . % • - . ^ * ' ' jus' w'at confident country A swa: a locomo the eng: stopped farmer o' and effec EXPEIi mantimd remark," said he, tj man f'r 's own •k Times.' by Bees. intered the cab of ington, Pa., drove fireman out, and foe road until the invaders appeared moval. hes by disappoint- r Ytr; r. . An Improved Adding Machine. A new invention has recently come on the market which promises to be of great service to bookkeepers, as­ tronomers and all persons who «aave to deal extensively with figures. It is the ribbon adder, patented by Charles H. Webb, still better known as "John Paul." This adding machine, with a compact mechanism little bigger than an inkstand, can do ail the ordinary processes ot arithmetic, and, add, subtract multiply, and divide, under the hands of any person of ordinary intelligence^ with a few minutes' Instruction. The machines can be made to work on other than the decimal system* and perform operations in fractions, in pounds, shillings, and pence, in lumber measurement or in any ays* tem of values or weights and meas­ ures. The search for a good adding machine has been a long one. The ancients had a machine which can still be found in Chinese laundries, and in the last century many thou­ sands of dollars have been expetided in getting a perfect adder. Twenty- eight years ago Mr. Webb invented an adder which had some popularity, 'and eight years ago devised the first ^ribbon machine, which he has since been perfecting, and which he has now been enabled to get manufac­ tured at 3 moderate price. The time may be coming when an adding machine will be considered as much of a necessity as typewriters are now. An Artists Lament. A well-known artist has come oqv strongly against starch, which he calls one of the curses of the nine­ teenth century. Says he: "Not only does it make our clothes unpleasant to wear, but it makes them hideous to look at." Pointing to a charming piece of statuary, he continued: "Now, look at the beauty and simple dignity of that t'oga and contrast it with the dress of a modern man. That was then soft and yielding; tfafe • modern shirt, aollar, cuffs, hats, shoes, corsets, even the women's gowns are hard and unbending. The effect of antique dress was grace; the effect of our dress is that of stiffness and dis­ comfort It is more than an effect-- 1 it is a fact Nobody could be easy i and look thoroughly well in our clothes We want to organize a re­ form movement against starch." Expenses at Girls' CollegelL A comparison of the expenses of the college girl at the leading colleges for women shows the following: At j Mount Holyoke the cost in round nymbers for board and tuition, with­ out extras and incidentals, is $200 a year; at the Women's College in Baltimore, $300; at Wellesiey, $350; at Smith's, $350; at Yassar, $400, and at Brvn-Mawr. $475. To this outlay the student has in addition the ex­ tra expenses of her toilet traveling expenses, for music and painting, for attendance on certain extra lectures, the fee for membership in college so­ cieties, and usually a share of the co>t of class entertainments given during the year. These expenses may be decided by the young woman her­ self, as may also the cost of the pretty extras for comfort or decoration that adds to her room. ife ;