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Jury at "Buffalo Con-Victs Him of Murder in First, - "Degree. ' L4m F.' ©wlgo«*i fbe anarchist as­ sassin of President McKinley, Tues­ day was found guilty of murder in the first degree after one of the most rapid yet dignified trials in the history of jurisprudence. Despite th' eminence of the-prisoner's counsel it was appar­ ent Tuesday when the alienists decided that C zoigosz was sane that no de­ fense was possible, and consequently that any delay in the trial would be rain. In a period of eight hours an41 twentV-srx minutes the assassin of?j President McKinley had been found j guilty and Judge Truman C. White had announced that he would pass sen­ tence on Thursday afternoon Remark­ able as the trial had been throughout for Its dignity equally with its ab­ sence of delay, hot tiie least engrossing feature of the day was the address to the jury made by Loren L. Lewis, counsel for the prisoner. The vener- tfule ;snst explained the necessity of a iefettse for the prisoner even though i "Did .you as* wan-an­ archist?" Judge Titus asked. "Yes." "And he said he was*" "Tes." At the conclusion of Superintendent Bull s testimony. District Attorney Penny announced that the case for the prosecution was closed. « '//. LEON CZOLGOSZ. his guilt'could sc^ce be questioned, and made his address tne occasion for a criticism of lynch law, which, in all provability, will go down in the an- * nals of history as the most masterly •Indication of the jury system and con­ demnation of mob violence ever ut­ tered. - 1'risontr Knows Chicago Anarchist*. .Superintendent of Police Bull was asked: "Were you present at headquarters When the prisoner was brought there on the night of the murder?" "Yes." "Were any threats made against him " "No." "Tellus what Cxolgos* said." "He said he knew President McKin­ ley. He knew that he was shooting President McKinley when he fired. The reason he, gave was that he believed that he Was doing his duty, He said that on the day President McKinley spoke at the exposition grounds, the day previous to the assassination, he stood near the stand on the esplanade. No favorable opportunity presented it­ self. "He followed the president to -Niag­ ara Falls and back to Buffalo again. He got in line while the reception was in progress, and when he reached the president fired the fatal shots. Czol­ gosz told me in detail the plans he alone had worked out so that there would be no slip in his arrangements. I asked him why he killed-the presi­ dent, and he replied that he did so be­ cause it was his duty." "Did he say he was an anarchist?" "Yes." "Did he say any more on the sub­ ject?" asked the district attorney. "Yes. He said that he had made a study of ithe beliefs of anarchists and he was a firm believer in their prin­ ciples. The prisoner also stated that he had received much information on the subject in the city of Cleveland. He said (hat he knew a man in Chi­ cago named Isaak. The Free Society was the name of the organ mentioned the prisoner." Kaid Rulers Should Die. "Did he ever say anything about his motives in committing the murder?" asked the district attorney. "Yes," was the reply. "He said that he went to the exposition grounds for the express purpose of murdering Pres- ^ident McKinley. He knew he was aim­ ing at President McKinley when the fatal shots were fired. Czolgosz said ti*at all kings, emperors and presidents should die." Superintendent Bull was cross-exam­ ined by Lawyer Titus and said the defendant had on his person some memoranda and $1.51 in money, There was also a piece of paper, orange-col­ ored, with an addret^ upon it, a mem­ orandum book and a letter of identifi­ cation card from the Order of The Golden Eagle. •JMfW . Examination Shows That Ho Knowledge of Plot Kxlsta. Paul Czolgosz, father; Waldeck Ctfol- Lowls Gives Up I>cf«ns«. Tfcen Mr. Lewis arose slowly and, addressing the court, said: ^ e are embarrassed by the sudden closing of the case of the prosecution. We had not expected them to .close so abruptly. We have no witnesses to call for the defense, but I ask the eourt that my colleague and myself be al­ lowed to address the jury." Permission was granted by the court and Judge Titus began his address at 2:45. "Gentlemen of the jury," he began, "a calamity has fallen upon this na­ tion through the act of this man, but the question is whether his act was the act of an insane man. If an in­ ane man it is not murder and he should be acquitted of that charge. He would then, of course, be transferred to «n asylum. "Much discussion has occurred in our midst and has been' called to mjr attention as to the propriety of any defense being interposed in this case. Many letters have been received by me since I was assigned with my associate to defend this man, questioning the propriety of a defense being attempt*- fed. You, gentlemen, know, perhaps, how Judge Titus and myself came in­ to this case. The position was not sought by us, but we appear here in performance of a duty which we thought devolved upon us, notwith­ standing it was an exceedingly disr agreeable one. "Gentlemen, vhen they become members of the legal profession be­ come members .of the court. They are compelled,if assigned,to defend a crim­ inal, or rather the one who is charged with a crime. They are compelled to respond and acfeept the duty unless they can present some reasonable ex­ cuse, and if they refuse to perform that duty they are guilty of a mis­ demeanor and are liable to punishment by the court. "There are In our country individu­ als, not, I hope, in very large numbers, but we know they are scattered all over the country, who think in a case like this or even In charges of much less degree that it is entirely proper that the case should be disposed of by lynch or mob law. We can hardly take up a paper without we learn that In some part of this free and inde­ pendent country some man has been murdered oa the suspicion or belief that he was guilty of some crime. This r. m if confined t* tflf *risofc. Indicted, put upon triftl here, and the case is soon to be submitted to you, as to whether he is guilty of the crime charged against him. That, gentlemen, speaks •Volumes i,n favor of the orderly con­ duct of the people of the city of Buf­ falo. "Here was a man occupying an ex­ alted position, a'man of irreproacha­ ble character; he was a man who had come he-e to assist us in promoting the prosperity of our great exposition. And he was shot down while holding a reception. "His «death has touched-every heart in this community and in the whole world, and yet we sit $£re and quietly consider whether the man was re­ sponsible for the act he committed. That question is one you are called to decide." Judge Lewis was crying when he finished and the eyes of many of those in the courtroom were filled with tears. Judge Titus then arose and said that Judge Lewis had so completely covered the ground that it seemed entirely un- JUDGE WHITE. state of things does not exist in our community, but It does in some parts- of our state, as every intelligent man knows. ' Gentlemen of the jury, while I be­ lieve firmly in. that, I do not believe it creates a danger to this court equal to the belief, becoming so common, that men who are charged wita crime shall not be permitted to go through the form of a trial in a court of jus­ tice, but that lynch law shall take the place of the calm and dignified ad­ ministration of the law in our courts of justice. When that doctrine be­ comes sufficiently prevalent in this country, if it ever does, our institu­ tions -will be set aside and overthrown. Trial an Object Lesson* "This trial here is a great object les­ son to the world. Here is a case where a man has stricken down the beloved President of this country in broad day­ light, in the presence of thousands of spectators. If there was ever a case that would excite the anger, the wrath of those who saw it, this was one, and yet, under the advice of the President, 'Let no man hurt him,' he was taken, rived at Buffalo from Cleveland Tues day afternoon. Each member of the Czolgosz family was put through a rigid examination Tuesday night by Assistant District Attorney. Frederick Haller in the presence of Assistant Su­ perintendent Cusack and Detectives .Geary and Solomon of the police de­ partment. For an hour and a half they were under a searching fire of ques­ tions, which resulted in the informa­ tion that they knew nothing about any plot, that they came from Cleveland to vindicate their own name, and, if possible, to aid the authorities by se­ curing from the prisoner some states ment as to his reasons for the sination. "If via en all the circumstances Of the case are considered by you there still exists in your minds a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty you cannot find this man guilty. The peo­ ple have submitted, evidence tending to show that this defendant committed this crime; they have given evidence tending to show that there was design and premeditation, and, if in accord­ ance with that premeditation and de­ sign these shots were fired, then the defendant is guilty of the crime of murder in the first degree. "You must consider all this evidence that the people have submitted to you. You must consider it fairly and with out prejudice. You are the sole judges of factp in this case." When the trial was tended and the verdict rendered, Judge Titus, at the request of District Attorney Penney, admitted that the-defense had no sug­ gestion to make as to the time when the final judgment should be pro­ nounced. Justice White then said that as it was the custom to give the guilty murderer two days between the find­ ing of the verdict and the sentence, he would adjourn court till 2 o'clock Thursday, when judgment,,will be pro­ nounced. The prisoner was then handcuffed to Leon Czolgosz Is Sentenced to :l&ie in Electric Chair. necessary for him to reiterate It an<^ his guards and led back through the he would therefore rest. "tUnnel to jail. District Attorney Sums Up* Length Of trial--Eight hOUrS and At 8:10 District Attorney Penney be* twenty-five minutes. Number ol witnesses--For the prose­ cution, seventeen; for the defense, none. Actual time of taking testimony-- Four and one-quarter hours. Time of the state in arguing for con­ viction--Fourteen minutes. Time occupied by the judge In charging jury--Twelve minutes. Time occupied by the jury in deliber­ ation--Thirty-four minutes.- Emmi Goldman Oat, Anarchy took its high priestess from the prison to the heartnstone Tuesday morning at Chicago. With smiles and kind words for all Emma Goldman be­ came a free woman shortly after nine o'clock. Prosecutor John Owens said there had been an agreement with the attorneys for the defense that both sides would abide in the Goldman case by the decision in the cases of the men who were released yesterday. He therefore would state that he would, interpose no objection to her release "Dismissed for want of prosecution," said Justice Prindiville. Then the woman with the stern blue eyes was taken through the crowd, and a few moments later escorted to a cab, which was driven to the home of the Isaaks JUDGE TITUS. (One of Counsel for Defense.) gan summing up. He spoke in a clear, well-modulated voice and every word could, be heard in any part of the room. He said in part:. "It is hardly possible for any man to stand up and talk about tnis case without the deepest emotion. It was the most awful tragedy that ever came' upon the world. We have shown you how this defendant stood in the temple of music that afternoon and shot down our beloved President. We have shown you how he deliberated on and planned this awful crime. We have shown you how he attended anarchistic and so­ cialistic meetings, at which were sown In his heart the seeds of his terrible act. "This is no time for oratorical dis­ play. Counsel for the prisoner and myself have endeavored ^o eliminate all sensationalism from this case. It is not my intention to indulge in ex­ tended remarks. Yos understand the responsibility resting upon,you. Katloual Heart Is Broken. "It is a great lesson that so great a man can stoop so low; that he was so great he could forgive his own as­ sassin. He was the noblest man, I believe, that God ever created. A man who stood near him in the temple of music said to me: 'I have traveled in all parts of the world and have seen people assembled to greet their rulers, but when I saw people stand in the railroad stations and along the coun­ try through which the funeral train passed that they might get a look at the casket of this great man, I was convinced as never before that there is such a thing as a national heart." "That national heart was broken and it wijl. take God's way and time to heal it. It was broken by a class of people who are coming to our country in in­ creased numbers, and while harbored by odr laws they are propagating their malicious views; a class of people that must l.e taught that we have no place for them on our shores, a class of peo­ ple that must be taught that they can not take the life of anyone irrespective of consequences." Judge White's Charge. Justice Wnite oegan his charge to the jury at 3:29 o'clock. He arose from his seat and stepped to the side of the bench nearest the jury box. He said: "Gentlemen of tae jury:--In this case the defendant has acknowledged hlB guilt. Such an acknowledgment under such circumstances cannot go to the jury or the court. The law re­ quires that the defendant charged with such a crime must be tried. The law says that ail the facts must be ob­ served and reviewed by you. The law guarantees that the defendant shall have a fair trial by twelve men, im­ partial and fair, capable of iaking the testimony, of the trial and giving it thorough consideration. ° from a railroad train. Saftlg stated that he himself had tied the handker- SAYS HE HAD NO ACCOMPLICES. Murderer of McKinley Tell* Judge No One Klse Was in Plot -- Dramatic Scene In, Court--falters While Making Statements to Jnd|«. History of the Trial. Monday, Sept. 16. -- Czolgosz ar­ raigned in court before Judge White, charged with the murder of President McKinley on Sept. 7. He refused to answer the indictment Monday, Sept. 23.--Czolgosz placed on trial. Pleaded guilty to charge. Plea not accepted and trial proceeds. Tuesday, Sept. 24.--Czolgosz is found guilty as charged. Thursday, Sept. 26.--Judge White, who presided at trial, sentenced pris­ oner to be put to death in the electric chair at Auburn prison, somstlme dur­ ing the week beginning October 28. ^MlfoM deceives BentonM. Czolgosz was sentenced to death by iustice Truman C. White in the Su­ preme court at Buffalo Thursday afternoon.4.assassin took advan- His face paled at no time during the proceedings. It was flushed with the emotion it was costing him so much strength to master. As the prelimin­ ary to the pronouncing of sentence many questions were asked by the dis­ trict attorney. Czolgosz evinced the utmost willingness to answer all these questions, but his utterance .seemed to smother In his throat. V,-- Lawyer Offers Aid. It was only after an effort that each reply was blurted out. As he stood his breast heaved, his eyes blinked rap­ idly and once he almost reeled, so that ex-Judge Titus, his counsel, held :up a; hand to support him. He did not need the proffered aid, but straightened himself up of his own effort. It was with a feeling of relief that the assassin heard the words, Remove the prisoner," pronounced by Judge White. He heaved a great pigh as he was manacled and was. led away. Tolls of His Life. ,,"Stand "P. Czolgosz, please." said Mr. Penny, turning to the prisoner. Nudged by bailiffs, the prisoner stood up, the center of all attention in* the crowded room. In answer to questions put by Mr. Penny, Czolgosz said under oath that he was born in Detroit, that he was educated In the common and church schools, that he had been a Catholic, that he was a laborer, and that he had lived in Cleveland and in Buffalo. Ttes court olerk then asked the ques- brothers and sisters. If that la wbat he means to do it is proper." Says He Did It Alone. . J Czolgosz--"No other person had aS»» ng to do with it. No other person knew of this but myselr; my father 5 °L^°ther or no one else knew nothing 4 never thought of tbe crime :. FOR A PACIFIC CABLE. Company to Lay a Line From California to Philippines, Articles of incorporation weftT1 filed at Albany having in view the laying of a cable from the Pacinc coast to Ha­ waii and the Philippine islands. The company wni be affiliated with the Commercial Cable company, and all its incorporators are officials of that cor­ poration. The length of the cable will be about 8,500 miles. The part first laid will be from California to the Ha­ waiian islands, a distance of about 2,- 200 ̂ jrilles. ft is expected tuat this por­ tion will be laid and in operation with­ in nine months. The time required for the laying of thfe remainder of the cable from .ae Hawaiian islands to the Philippine islands will depend upon how quickly the cable can be manu­ factured, but may be completed in two years. According to the articles of ln- corporai.on the company's lines are to begin in New York city, although from that point to the Pacific coast the line of other companies may be used. The capital stock of the company is to be $100,000, divided into shares of $100 eacii. The term of existence of company is fixed at l,00o years. the PATRICK V CUSACI^ . of Buffalo Detectives.) brother, and Victoria Czolgosz, of the president's assassin, ar- CLAIMs TO BE CZOLGOSZ' AID. •t. LoaU Han, Believed to Be Notoriety Meeker, AUeges Plot. • Edward Saftig, who" was arrested at 8t. Louis, claimed that he had been tne prime mover in the plot to assas­ sinate President McKinley, but this confession is believed to be due to a desire for notoriety or else that Saf- ! tig's mind ,is affected by a recent fall A. WW /# , 7W. SAMUEL CALDWELL. (Sheriff.) chief round Czolgosz' hand, but the falsity of this Is proved by the fact Poisoned by Mosquito Bite. ; Mrs. Thomas Eaves, living Fourth and Walnut streets, Gloucestar, N. Y., was bitten on a finger of her right hand several weeks ago by a mo° squito. Her hand became swollen and she visited the Cooper Hospital, Cam* den, where physicians found it neces- sary^fco amputate the finger. It is sup­ posed that the mosquito which bit he; had been on some poisonous weed. The Girl of Today. . Little does the girl of the present day realize how much better off she is than the girl in the early part of the nineteenth century. Then she had to submit to social restrictions too nu­ merous to mention; she was treated with scorn and contempt if she once expressed any desira to work or do anything for herself and attempts ta think out a subject for herself was deemed almost a sign of ill-breeding and lack of refinement. Her life waa spent in a narrow groove, and her mind was not allowed to develop to its full extent. Intercourse with th« othe" sex was carried on under tha rigid surveillance of an austere and elderly chaperon. Nowadays a woman has almost perfect freedom in what­ ever she cares to do. Chaperons are getting rarer and rarer, and social in­ timacy with men is allowed without one thinking it means aught beyond a pleasant and natural frienduhip.*- New York Weekly. that the handkerchief was not tied. Charles Pettit, a waiter who is em­ ployed at the hotel where Saftig board­ ed, also has cast doubt upon the story by affirming that Saftig stood with him in front of the newspaper offices and read the bulletins the night the presi­ dent was shot. Henry Schneider, the proprietor of the hotel, corroborate! the fact that Saftig was in St. Louis at the time of the assassination. CASH AGAINST MOST DELAYED. Xrlial Adjourned on Account of Adwi chlst's Arrest In Corona. The case against Johann Most, whs was to have been arraigned in th« court of special sessions at New Yorli Tuesday for publishing an alleged se­ ditious article in his paper, the Frei- heit, has been adjourned indefinitely, This action was taken because of thi fact that Most is in jail at Corona, L» I., where he was arrested at a so- called anarchist meeting last Sunday night. Careful measures taken fo protect Emperoi!, William at fete huntfoc tadss* O fill a \ \ BRINGING CZOLGOBZ^ :: A BS&ffCH MADE IN COURT. tage of the opportunity to speak, but he confined himself to taking upon his own shoulders the blame for the great crime of having murdered the presi­ dent of the United States. He advanced no reason in justification of his mon­ strous deed. Not a word did he utter of anarchy, of his enmity to govern­ ment or of the motives which prompt­ ed him to the commission of his crime. Hall Cleared By Police. Greater crowds gathered for the sen­ tencing of the assassin than came for any one session of the* trial itself. Be­ fore 12:30 p. m. a crowd had gath­ ered in the corridor In front of Justice White's court room. By 1 p. m; the corridor was jammed. Capt. Regan then appeared on th«i stairs with a squad of 100 uniformed officers and cleared the hall. It was a case of first come first served after a line was formed, and the tickets of at'^.oslon issued for the trial were worthless. It took less than ten minutes for the single file to fill the oourt room ami then the doors were closed to be opened only upon the arrival of offi­ cials, counsel and others connected ..with the day's proceedings. Dramatic Scene in Court- In a hush that was like the silence of death Justice White pronounced the prisoner'^ doom. Physically tottering under the ordeal, but sustaining him­ self by sheer force of nerve, the mur­ derer heard the words of death pro­ nounced, was shackled and quietly sub mitted to be led away. In no brazen fashion did the pris­ oner face the court. Swaying from side to side, boyish looking, tremoling with nervousness, but held up by nerve, he stood leaning on the chair in front of him. Falters In His Words. Falteringly, hesitatingly, "he Bpoke. after having been asked each question several times. He acted almost as l. the words were being wrung dut o him, it took him so long to find utter­ ance, and he spoke so rapidly when the first word left his lips in response to oner, a question. His voice was hardly heard ten feet away, although every ear in the great court room was strained to catch the slightest sound from his lips. tion for whieh a!f had been awaiting. Judge Titus asked that the prisoner be permitted to make a statement in exculpation of his act. Czolgosz leaned heavily on a chair. He then spoke, saying he alone, com­ mitted^ the crime. No one had any-, thing to do with his crime but himself, he said. Judge White---"Before the passing of sentence you may speak on two sub­ jects. First, you can claim that you are insane; second, that you have good cause to offer that judgment should not be pronounced against you;.third, that you wish a new trial. ; ^ ' Given Liberty to Hpoak. "These are the grounds specified by statute. You are now at liberty to speak." DISTRICT ATTORNEY PENNEY. (From a sketch made at Buffalo.Jr uatil two days before I committed-ft - and never told nobody about it" ' ^ Judge Lewis--"He says he did not make up his mfnd to do it until a few days before Its commission. Judge Passes Sentence*, Justice White--"Czolgosz, In taking the life of our beloved president you committed a crime that shocked and outraged all the civilized world. After learning all the facts and circum­ stances In the case, twelve good men have pronounced you guilty of murder In the first degree. You say that no other person abetted you in the com- jhiission of this terrible act The pen­ alty is fixed by statute, and it becomes Jny duty to impose sentence upon you. The sentence of this court is that on October 28, at the place designated and In the manner prescribed by law, you Buffer the punishment of death. "Remove the prisoner." Considerable surprise was expressed that Justice White did not pronounce the customary appeal to the Almighty in concluding his sentence, "and m*jr God have mercy on your soul." The court quit at the middle of the customary formula in pronouncing the Sentence. . • {; Manacled and Led Away. . Yho hush as the solemn words were pronounced was like the silence of the tomb. For several foments the silence was unbroken. The click of handcuffs jput a startling termination on the jttrain. Like a great sob the emotion i!>f the court room welled up and were lost In the shuffling of feet. The final Scene of the historic trial was con­ cluded. v Manacled to detectives who had brought him into the court, the assail- sin was conducted away. Between the wall ef bailiffs, policemen and specta­ tors the murderer passed. He looked not into a single eye. Justified by him­ self or not, his deed lay heavy on his head. A groan of execration followed him down the broad court house staixt to the jail 'tunnel below. Pearls From the Philippines. Pearl is an important article of commerce in the Sulu archipelago. The Gazetteer of the Philippine islands gives these figures: The value of this product at Sulu alone since January, 1900, according to custom house re­ turns, was 222,814 pounds of mothejb- of-pearl shells, valued at $75,71t£ black shells, 1,114 pounds, valued si $446; and snail shells, 17,707 pounds, vajued at $5,609; total, $81,761. Tlje same amount was exported, appron- s*... $ m. REMOVING HANDCUFFS FROM ( ZOLCOSZ'S WRISTS IN COURT. V Czolgosz--"I have nothing to say on , n.ateiy, from the port of Siassi, in tl||jr those thinga," J T&pul group, which would make an a|£' Judge Titus then cOOSUlted tlie prtjr j gi f' ate of 483.242 pounds, valued at ' ' ' / - 1 from the two Sulu points Judge Titus--"I think lie ought to be _ f loce. Th'.s dot s not include the valuflf, permitted to make a s-aieuient in ex* of ;Jse pearls taken from the mothers culpotion of his -family, your honor." j o;'-pe.arl shell, the finest of which Judge White--"The defendant may [ present go to the sultan of Sulu as speak in exculpation of his father and ' . ANARCHISTS ARB INOICTKU. c WW/ n OBOLOOffil LAWYERS--FROM A SKETCH MADE IN COURf. Loren L. Lewis. Carltop X. Ladd. The Prisoner. Wiitre«'1 With Sending an Objectionable Paper Through Malls. Tacoma te!eg;am: Charles Govan, James W. Adams, and James E. Lar- kin. members of the Home Anarchist colony in this county, have been ar­ rested under an indictment found bjk the federal grand jury at Spokanfll! charging them with depositing in thjr mails a lewd, obscene and lascivious newspaper. The prisoners were brought to Tacoma and committed to jaii pend­ ing examinaticHi. An indictment was also returned against G. Morong, who, lttis claimed, was the author of the ob­ jectionable article. Morong Is now in Massachusetts, but will be arrested and brought here for trial. The news­ paper in question is the official organ at the "Home," and is called "Discon­ tent," and advocates anarchy and free love. # President Lincoln's Secretary Dies. Washington telegram: John George Nicolay, private secretary to President Lincoln, died at his residence her<£: ; aged 70 years, after an illness lastin# many years.