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V • VV -'ir-rf" A* IID P Ml? "A V-l" Jmaaaswl to a^more satlsfacSKitt manner j times securing: immunity, as regard* the n *"• ' '* ""* • A SfeJ? 4 A Postal fi*rwlr*. the writ Of the* United States should run #yJPE#: f.V * iiJtlk. READ TO CO$GRE§S - '{tf y Document Deals Voluminously v' With Questions of State--Tariff Left for Future Communication--Position of the Government Toward Organized Labors-Dealing with Illegal Combi­ nations. -"^I^FesMeirf Roosevelt's message to 4. Congress, read -at the opening of the short session of that body, deals vol- •: uminousi/ with questions of state. ; The subject of tariff revision is left g* for_ a further communication. Sub- „ stantially the message is as follows: To the Senate and House of Represen- :'J Natives: The nation continues to enjoy note- f i Worthy prosperity. Such prosperity Is of ^ : course primarily due to the high Individ- fr ual average of our citizenship, taken to­ il aether with our great natural resources; •: but an Important' factor therein is the working of our long-continued govern- mental policies. . The people have em- phatica'ly expressed their approval of the .is, principles underlying these policies, and A their desire that these principles be kept :r,j> substantially unchanged, although of i;= course applied in a progressive spirit to meet changing conditions. - y Caution Against Extravagance. The enlargement of scope of the func­ tions of the national government re­ quired by our development as a nation involves, of course, increase of expense; and the period of prosperity through which the country is passing justifies ex­ penditures for permanent Improvements ; far greater than would be wise in hard T! times. Battle shins and forts, public - buildings, and Improved waterways are investments which should be made when we have the money; but abundant rev­ enues and a large surplus always invite extravagance, and constant care should frgy,taken to guard against unnecessary iri»pa«e of the ordinary expenses of gov­ ernment. Capital and Labor. In the vast and complicated mechanism of our modern civilized life the dominant note is the note of Industrialism; and the relations of capital and labor, and espe­ cially of organized capital and organized labor, to each other and to the public at large come second In importance only to the intimate questions of family life. As long as the states retain the prim­ ary control of the police power the cir­ cumstances must be altogether extreme which require Interference by the federal authorities, whether in the way of safe­ guarding the rights of labor or in the way of seeing that wrong Is not done by „ unruly persons who shield thenfselves be­ hind the name of labor. If there is re­ sistance to the federal courts, interfer­ ence with the mails, or interstate com­ merce, or molestation of federal property, or If the state authorities in some crisis which they are unable to face call for help, then the federal government may interfere; but though such interference may be caused by a condition of things arising out of trouble connected with some question of labor, the Interference Itself Bimply takes the form of restoring order without regard to the questions which have caused the breach of order-- for -to keep order Is a primary duty and in a time of disorder and violence all oth­ er questions sink into abeyance until or­ der has been restored. In the District of Columbia and in the territories the federal law covers the entire field of gov­ ernment; but the labor question is only acute in populous centers of commerce, manufactures, or mining. Nevertheless, both in the enactment and In the en­ forcement of law the federal government within its restricted sphere should set an example to the state governments, espe­ cially in a matter so vital as this affect-' |ng labor. I believe that under modern Industrial conditions It is often necessary, and even where not necessary, it Is yet often wise, that there should be organ­ ization of labor in order better to secure the rights of the Individual wage-worker. All encouragement should be given to any such organization, so long as it is con­ ducted with a due and decent regard for the rights of others. There are in this country some labor unions which have habitually, and other labor unions which ... have often, been among the most effec­ tive agents in working for good citizen­ ship and for uplifting the condition of those whose welfare should be closest to our hearts. But when any labor union seeks improper ends, or seeks to achieve proper ends by improper means, all good citizens and more especially all honorable public servants must oppose the wrong­ doing as resolutely as they would oppose the wrongdoing of any great corporation. Of course any violence, brutality, or cor­ ruption, should not' for one moment be tolerated. Wage-workers have an entire right to organize and by all peaceful and honorable means to endeavor to persuade their fellows to join with them in organ­ isations They have a legal right, which, according to circumstances, may or may not be a moral right, to refuse to work in company with men who decline to Join their organizations. They have under no circumstances the rlgh£ to commit vio­ lence upon those, whether capitalists or- wage-workers, who refuse to support their organizations. Or who side with those with whom they are at odds; for mob rule Is intolerable in any form. The amendment and strengthening of the employers' liability law isf#ee- ommended. and the passage of ajUaw requiring the adoption of a hte^k sig­ nal system, to prevent railroad acci­ dents urged. Unions of Government Employes. The message continues; There is no objection to employes of the government forming or belonging to unions: but the government can neither discriminate for nor discriminate against non-union men who are In Its employ­ ment. or who seek to be employed under it. Moreover, it is a very grave Impro­ priety for government employes to band, themselves together for the purpose of extorting Improperly high salaries from the government. Especially is this true of those within the classified service. The letter carriers, both municipal and rural, are as a whole an excellent body of pub­ lic servants. They .should be amply paid. But their payment must be obtained by arguing their claims fairly and honorably before the Congress, and not by banding together for the defeat of those congress­ men who refuse to give promises which fhey can not in conscience give. The Administration has already taken steps to prevent and punish abuses of this na­ ture; bift It will be wise for the Congress to supplement this action by legislation. Bureau of Labor. Much can be done by the government In labor matters merely by giving pub­ licity to certain conditions. The bureau of labor has done excellent work of this kind In many different directions, I shall shortly lay before you In a special mes­ sage the full report of the investigation of the bureau of labor Into the Colorado mining strike, as this is a strike in which certain very evil forces, which are nore or less at work everywhere under the conditions of modern industrialism, be­ came startlingly prominent. Corporations. When we come to deal with great cor­ porations the need for the government to act directly Is far greater than in the case of labor, because great corporations can become such only by engaging in In­ terstate commerce, and interstate com­ merce Is .peculiarly the field of the gen­ eral government. It is an absurdity to ex­ pect to eliminate the abuses In great cor­ porations by state action. It is difficult to be patient with an argument that such ihattei - hhouM be left to tbe states, be­ cause more than one state puisues the policy of creating on easy terms corpora­ tions which are never operated v ithln that state at all. but in other states" whose laws they Ignore. The national government alone can deal adequately with these great corporations. To try to deal with them in an intemperate, de­ structive. or demagogic spirit would, in all probability, mean that nothing what­ ever would be accomplished, and, with absolute certainty, that if anything were, accomplished it. would be of a harmful nature. The^-American people . need to continue to show' this very qualities that they have shown--that is. moderation, good sense, the earnest desire to avoid doing any damage, and yet the quiet de­ termination to proceed, step by step, without halt and without hurry, in elim­ inating or at least In minimizing what­ ever of mischief or of evil there is-to in­ terstate commerce in the conduct of great corporations. They are acting in .no spirit of hostility to wealth, either in­ dividual or corporate. They are not against the rich man any more than against, the poor man. On the contrary, they are friendly alike toward rich man and toward poor man, provided only that each acts in a spirit of Justice and de­ cency toward his fellows. Great corpora­ tions are rtecessary. and only men of great and singular mental power can manage such corporations successfully, and such man must have great rewards. But these corporations should be man­ aged with due regard to the Interest of the public as *: whole. Where this can be done under the present laws it must' be done. Where these laws come short others should be enacted to supplement tbem. The bureau of corporations has made careful preliminary Investigation of many important corporations. It will make a special report on the beef Industry. Bureau of Corporations. The policy of the bureau is to accom­ plish the purposes of Its creation by co­ operation. not antagonism; by making constructive legislation, not destructive prosecution, the immediate object of Its inquiries; by conservative investigation of law and fact, and by refusal to issue incomplete and hence necessarily inaccu­ rate reports. Its policy being thus one of open Inquiry into, and not attack up­ on, business, the bureau has been able to gain not only the confidence, but, better still, the co-operation of men engaged in legitimate business. The bureau offers to the Congress the means of getting at the cost of produc- • tlon of our various great staples of com­ merce. Rebates. Above all else, we must strive to keep the highways of commerce open to all on equal terms; and tu do this It is nec­ essary to put a complete stop to all re­ bates. Whether the shipper or the rail­ road is to blame makes no difference; the rebate must be stopped, the abuses of the private car and private terminal track and side-track systems must be stopped, and the legislation of tbe Fifty- eighth Congress which declares it to be unlawful for any person or corporation to offer, grant, give, solicit, accept, or re­ ceive any rebate, concession, or aiscrlm- inatlon in respect of the transportation of any property in interstate or foreign 'commerce whereby such property shall by any device whatever be transported at a less rate than that named In the tariffs published by the carrier must be enforced. While I am of the opinion that at present it would be undesirable. If It were not Impracticable, finally to oothe the Interstate Commerce Commission with general authority to fix railroad rates, I do not believe that, as a fair se­ curity to shippers, the Commission should be vested with the power, where a given rate has been challenged and after full hearing found to be unreasonable, to de­ cide, subject to Judicial review, what shall be a reasonable rate to take its place; the ruling of the commission to take effect Immediately, and to obtain unless and until it' is reversed by the court of review. In my Judgment the most important legislative act now need­ ed as regards the regulation of corpora­ tions is this act to confer on the Inter­ state Commerce Commission the power to revise rates and regulations, the re­ vised rate to at once go into effect, and to stay in effect unless and until the court of review reverses it. Much space is here devoted to a consideration of the' problem of the proper housing of the poor in our great cities, and the importance of a proper solution of the question shown. On this subject the message says: There should be asevere child-labor and factory-inspection laws. It is very desir­ able that married women ihould not - -ork In factories. The prime duty pf the man is to work, to be the breadwinner; the prime duty of the woman is to be, the mother, the housewife. All questions of tariff and finance sink into utter Insig­ nificance when compared with the tre­ mendous, the vital importance of trying to shape conditions so that these two duties of the man and of the woman can be fulfilled under reasonably favorable circumstances. If a race does not have plenty of children, or if the children do not grow up, or If when they grow up they are unhealthy in body and stunted or vicious in mind, then that race is de­ cadent. and no heaping up of v caltli, no splendor of momentary material prosper­ ity, can avail in any degree as offsets. Agriculture. The Department of Agriculture has grown Into an educational institution with a faculty of two thousand special­ ists making research into all the sciences of production. The Congress appropria- ates, directly and indirectly, six millions of dollars annually to carry on this work. It reaches every state and territory in the Union and the islands of the sea late* ly come under our flag. Co-operation li had with the state experiment stations, and with many other institutions and In­ dividuals. The world Is carefully search­ ed for new varieties of grains, fruits, grasses, vegetables, trees, and shrubs, suitable to vaiious localities in our coun­ try; and marked benefit to our producers has resulted. Irrigation. During the two and a half years that have elapsed since the passage of the reclamation act rapid progress has been made in the surveys and examinations of the opportunities for reclamation In the thirteen states and three territories of the i"rid West. Construction has already been begun on the largest and most im­ portant of the irrigatibn works, and plans are being completed for works which will utilize the funds now available. The reclamation act has been found to be re­ markably complete and effective, and so broad In its provisions that a wide range of undertakings has been possible under It. At the same time, economy is guar­ anteed by the fact that the funds must ultimately be returned to be used over Again. Establishment of game reserves wherein may be preserved specimens of our wild animals which are now rapidly tending toward extinction is urged. Pensions. s, The veterans of the civil war have a claim upon the nation such as no other body of our citizens possess. The pen­ sion bureau has never in its history been Postal Service. In the PostofSee Department the serv- ivfe has increased in efficiency, and con­ ditions as to revenue and expenditure continue satisfactory. The increase of revenue during the year was $9,358,181.10, or 6.9 per cent, the total receipts amount­ ing to $143.3S2.624.34. The expenditures were $152,362,116.70, an increase-of about 9 per cent over the previous year, being thus $S.9?9,492.34 in excess of the cur­ rent revenue. Included in these expendi­ tures was a total appropriation of $12,- 956,637.35 for ,the continuation and exten­ sion of the rural free delivery service, which was an increase of $4,902*237.35 over the amount expended for this pur­ pose in the preceding fiscal year, L*rge as this expenditure has been the benefi­ cent results attained In extending the free distribution of mails to the residents of rural districts have justified the wis­ dom of the outlay. Statistics brought down to the 1st of October, 1904. show that on that date there were 27,138 rural routes established, serving approximately 12,000,000 of people in rural districts re­ mote from postoffices, and that there were pending at that time 3,859 petitions for the establishment of new rural routes. Unquestionably some part of the general Increase in receipts is due to the in­ creased postal facilities which the rural service has afforded. The revenues have also been aided greatly by amendments in the classification of mail matter, and the curtailment of abuses of the second- class mailing privilege. The average in­ crease in the volume of mall matter for the period beginning with 1902 and end­ ing June, 1905 (that portion for 1905 be­ ing estimated), is 40.47 per cent, as com­ pared with 25.46 per cent for the period immediately preceding, and 15.92 for the four-year period immediately preceding .that. The message here points out the need for improvement in our consular system, advises the creation of a na­ tional art gallery and suggests the enactment of a national quarantine law. Laws Concerning Citizenship. Not only are the laws relating to nat­ uralization now defective, but those re­ lating to citizenship of the United Slates ought also to be made the subject of scientific inquiry with a view to prob- abie further legislation. By what acts expatriation may be assumed to have been accomplished, how long an Amer­ ican citizen may reside abroad and re­ ceive the protection of our passport, whether any degree of protection should be extended to one who has made the declaration of intention to become a citi­ zen of the United States but has not se­ cured naturalization, are questions of serious import. Involving personal rights and often producing friction between this government and foreign governments. Yet upon these questions our laws are silent. I recommend that an examination be made into the subjects of citizenship, expatriation, and protection Of Ameri­ cans abroad, with a view to appropriate legislation. Cm cuiy. The attention of the Congress should be especially given te the currency ques­ tion. and that the standing committees on the matter in the two houses charged with the duty, take up the matter of our currency and see whether it Is not pos­ sible to secure an agreement in the busi­ ness world for bettering the system: the committees should consider the question of the retirement of the greenbacks and the problem of securing In our currency such elasticity as .is consistent with safe­ ty. Every silver dollar should be made by law redeemable in gold at the option of the holder, Merchant Marine. I especially commend to your Immedi­ ate attention the encouragement of our merchant marine by appropriate legisla­ tion. Tariff. On the tariff I shall Communicate with you later. Immigration and Naturalization. In dealing with the questions of immi­ gration and naturalization it is Indis­ pensable to keep certain facts ever be­ fore the minds of those who share in en­ acting the laws. First and foremost, let us remember that the question of being a good American has nothing whatever to do with a man's birthplace any more than it has to do with his creed. In every generation from the time this gov­ ernment was founded men of foreign birth have stood In the very foremost rank of good citizenship, and that not mertely in one but fft every field of Amer­ ican activity;'while to try to draw a dis­ tinction between the man whose parents came to this country and the man whose ancestors came to it several generations back is a qjere absurdity. Good Ameri­ canism is a matter of heart, of consci­ ence. of lofty aspiration, of sound com­ mon sense, but' not of birthplace or of creed. There Is no danger of having too many immigrants of the right kind. But the citizenship of this country should not be debased. It Is vital that we should keep high the standard of well-being among our wage-workers, and therefore we should not admit masses of men whose standards of living and whose personal customs and habits are such that they t£nd to lower the level of the American" wage-worker; and above all we should not admit any man of an unworthy type, any man concerning whom we can say that he will himself be a bad citizen, or that his children and grandchildren will detract from instead/ of adding £0 the sum of the good citizenship of the coun­ try. Similarly we should take the great­ est care about naturalization. Under the Constitution it is In the power of the Congf-ess "to establish a uniform rule of naturalization." and numerous laws have from time to time been enacted for that purpose, which have been supplemented in a few states by state laws having special application. .There should be a comprehensive revision of the naturalization laws. The courts having power to naturalize should be definitely named by national authority; the testimony upon which naturalization may be conferred should be definitely pre­ scribed; publication of Impending natural­ ization applications should.be required in advance of their hearing in court: the form and wording of all certificates issued should be uniform throughout the coun­ try. and the courts sbrmld t>« required to make returns to the Secretary of State at stated periods of all naturalizations conferred. Protection of Elections. The power of the government to pro­ tect the Integrity of the elections of its own officials Is inherent and has been recognized and affirmed by repeated dec­ larations of the Supreme court. There Is no enemy of free government more dangerous and none so insidious as the corruption of the electorate. No one de­ fends or excuses corruption, and It would seem to follow that none would oppose vigorous measures to eradicate It. I recommend the enactment of a law di­ rected against bribery and corruption in Federal elections. The details of such a law may be safely left to the wise discre­ tion of the Congress, but it should go as far as under the Constitution it Is possible to go. and should include severe penalties against him who gives or re­ ceives a bribe intended to Influence his act or opinion as an elector; and provi­ sions for the publication not only of the expenditures for nominations' and elec­ tions of all candidates, but also of all contributions received and expenditures made by political committees. Delays in Criminal Prosecutions. No subject Is better worthy the atten­ tion of the Congress than that portion of the report of the Attorney-General deal­ ing w«tb the long delays and the great obstruction to justice experienced In the cases of Beavers, Green and Gaynor, and Benson. Were these isolated and special cases. I should not call your attention to them: but the difficulties encountered as regards these men who have been Indict­ ed for criminal practices are not excep­ tional; they are precisely slmilnr In kind to what occurs again and again !n the case Of criminals who have sufficient means to enable; tbem to take advantage of a system of procedure which has grown up In the Federal courts and which amounts in effect to making the law easy of enforcement against the map who has no money,- »and difficult of en­ forcement. even to the point of some-1 the writ of the United States should run throughout its borders. The wheels of justice should not be clogged, as they have been clogged in the cases above mentioned, where it has proved absolute­ ly Impossible to bring the accused to the place appointed by the Constitution for his trial. At present the Interests of the Inno­ cent man are amply safeguarded;, but the interests of the government, that is, the interests of honest -administration, that is the interests of the people, are not recognized as they should be. No subject better warrants the attention of the Congress. Indeed, no subject better warrants the attention of the bench and the bar throughout the United States. Many suggestions for the improve­ ment of conditions in Alaska are made, among others the admission of i a delegate from that territory to con­ gress. .. • •* Hawaii and Porto fctco. The Alaskan natives should be given the right to acquire, hold, and dispose of property upon the same conditions as given other inhabitants; and the privilege of citizenship should be given to such as may be able to meet certain definite re­ quirements. In Hawaii Congress should give the governor power to remove all the offlcl&ls appointed under him. The harbor of Honolulu should be dredged. The marine-hospital service should be empowered to study leprosy in the is­ lands. I ask special consideration for the report and recommendations of the governor of Porto Rico. ' Foreign Policy. "r V. ' In treating of our foreign policy and of the attitude that this great nation should assume in the world at large, it is abso­ lutely necessary to consider the army and the navy, and th§; Congress, through which the thought of the nation finds its expression, should keep ever vividly In mind the fundamental fact that It is impossible to treat our foreign policy, whether this policy takes shape In the effort to secure justice for others or jus­ tice for ourselves, save as conditioned upon the attitude we are willing to take toward our army, and especially toward our navy. It Is not merely unwise, it is contemptible, for a nation, as for tfh In­ dividual, to use high-sounding language to proclaim its purposes, or to take po­ sitions which are ridiculous If unsupport­ ed by potential force, and then to refuse to provide this force. If there is no In­ tention of providing and of keeping the force neccssary to back up a strong atti­ tude, then It is far better not' to assume such an attitude. The steady aim of this nation, as of all enlightened nations, should be to strive to bring ever nearer the day when there shall prevail throughout the world the peace of justice. There are kinds of peace which are highly undesii-alile. which are In the long run as destructive as any war. Tyrants and oppressors have many .times made a wilderness and called It peace. The peace of tyrannous terror, the peace of craven weakness, the peace of injustice, all these should be. shunned as we shun unrighteous war. The goal to set before us as a nation, the goal which should be set' before all mankind. Is the attainment of the peace of Jus­ tice, of the peace which comes when each nation Is not merely safe-guarded In Its own rights, twit scrupulously rec­ ognizes and performs its duty 'toward others. ' There is as yet no Judicial way of en­ forcing a right in International law. When one nation wrongs another or wrongs many others, there Is no tribu­ nal before which the wrongdoer can be brought. Either it is necessary supinely to acquiesce in the wrong, and thus put a premium upon brutality and aggres­ sion, or else it is necessary for the ag­ grieved nation valiantly to stand up for Its rights. Until some method Is devised by which there shall be a degree of in­ ternational control over offending na­ tions. it would be a wicked thing for the most civilized powers, for those with most sense of«> International obligations and with keenest and most generous ap­ preciation of the difference between right and wrong, to disarm, if the great civ­ ilized nations of the present day should completely disarm, the result would mean an Immediate recrudescence of barbar­ ism in one form or another. Arbitration Treaties. We are in every way endeavoring to help on. with cordial good will, every movement which will tend to bring us Into more friendly relations with the rest of mankind. In pursuance of this policy .. 1 shall shortly lay before the Senate treaties of arbitration with all powers which are willing to enter into -these treaties with us. Furthermore, at the request of the Interparliamentary Union, an eminent body composed of practical statesmen from all countries. I have asked the Powers to join with this gov­ ernment' in a second Hague conference, at which it is hoped that the work al­ ready so happily begun at The Hague may be carried some steps further to­ ward completion. This carries out the desire expressed by the first Hague con­ ference itseif. Policy on Western Hemisphere. It is not true that' the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the western hemisphere save such as are for- their welfare. All that this coun­ try desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct them­ selves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable effi­ ciency and decency In social and political matters, if It keeps order and pays its obligations. It need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrong doing, or an impotence which resuitj in a general loosening of the ties of civil­ ized society, may in America, as else­ where. ultimately require Intervention by some civilized nation, and in the western hemisphere the adherents of the United States to the Monroe doctrine may force the United States. hoWever reluctantly. In flagrant cases of . such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exereise of an inter­ national police power. - _. Our Interests and those of opr south­ ern neighbors axe in reality identical. They have great natural riches, and if within their borders the reign of law and justice obtains, prosperity is sure to come to them. While they thus obey the pri­ mary laws of civilized »o-:k-ty they may rest assured that they will be treated by us In a spirit of cordial and helpful sym­ pathy. We would Interfere with them only In the last resort, and then only If It became evident that' their lnabi...y or unwillingness to do Justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or had Invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the en­ tire body of American nations. In asserting the Monroe doctrine. In taking such steps as we have taken in regard to Cuba,. Venezuela, and Panama, and In endeavoring to cj^eumscribe the theater of war in the far East, aitd to secure the open door In China; we have acted in our own interest as well as In the interest of humanity at large. There are, however, cases in which, while our own Interests are not greatly Involved, strong appeal Is made to our synfpathles. There are occasional crimes committed on so vast a scale and of such peculiar horror as to make us doubt whether It Is not our manifest duty to endeavor at least' to show our disapproval of the deed and our sympathy with those who have suffered by it. The cases must be ex­ treme in which such a course is Justi­ fiable. But in extreme cases action may be justifiable and proper. What form the action shall take must depend upon the circumstances of the case; that is. upon, the degree of the atrocity and upon our1 power to remedy It. The cases in which we could interfere by force of arms as we interfered to put a stop to Intolerable conditions In Cuba are neces­ sarily very few. Yet It is not' to be ex­ pected that a people like ours, which in spite of certain very obvious shortcom-. ings, nevertheless as a whole shows oy its consistent practice its belief in the principles of civil and religious liberty and ofForderly freedom, a people among whom eveft the worst crime, like the crime of lynching, is 'never more than sporadic, so that individuals and not classes are molested in ttheir fundamental rights--it is inevitable that such a na­ tion should desire eagerly to give ex­ pression to Its horror on an occasion like that of tbe massacre of the Jews tn K!»hcnef, or when jt witnesses such sys­ tematic and long-extended cruelty and oppression as the cruelty and oppression of which the Armenians have been the victims, and which have von for the** the indignant pity Of the civilized world. Rights of American Citizens Abroad. Even where it is not possible to se­ cure In other nations the observance of the principles which we accept as ax­ iomatic, it is necessary for us firmly to insist upon the rights of our own citi­ zens without regard to their creed or race; without regard to whether they were born here or born abroad. The Navy. The strong arm of the government In enforcing respect for its Just rights in International matters is the navy of the United State3 I most earnestly recom­ mend that there be no halt in the work of upbuilding the American navy. There is no more patriotic duty before us as a people than to keep the navy adequate to the needs of this country's position. We have undertaken to build the Isth­ mian canal. We have undertaken to se­ cure for ourselves our just shard in the trade of the Orient. We have under­ taken to protect Our citizens from Im­ proper treatment in foreign lands. We continue steadily to insist on the appli­ cation Of the Monroe doctrine to the western hemisphere. Unless our attitude in these and all similar matters Is to be a mere boastful sham we can not afford to abandon our naval programme. Our voice Is now potent for peace, and is so potent because we are not afraid of war. But our protestations upon behalf of peace would neither receive nor deserve the slightest attention if 'we were .im­ potent to make them good. V- * The Army. Within the last three years the United States has set an example In disarma­ ment where disarmament was proper. By law our army la fixed at a maximum of one hundred thousand and a minimum of sixty thousand men. When there was Insurrection in the Philippines we kept the army at the maximum. Peace came In the Philippines, and now our army has been reduced to the minimum at which it' Is possible to keep It with due regard to Its efficiency. The gun^ now mounted require twenty-eight thousand men. If the coast fortifications are to be adequately manned. Relatively to the nation. It is not now so large as the po­ lice force of New York or Chicago rela­ tively to the population of either city. We need more officers; there ore not enough to perform the regular army work. It is very important .that the offi­ cers c>f the army should be accustomed to handle their men In masses, as it Is also important that the national guard of the several states should be accus­ tomed to actual field maneuvering, espe­ cially in connection with the regulars. For this reason we are to be congratu­ lated upon the success of the field ma- enuvers at Manassas last' fall, maneuvers in which a larger number of regulars and national guard took part than was ever before assembled together in time of peace. No other civilized nation has. relatively to its population, such a di­ minutive army as ours; apd while the army is so small we are not to be ex­ cused If we fall to keep it' at a very high grade of proficiency. The Philippines. In the Philippine islands there has been during the past year a continuation of the steady progress which has ob­ tained ever since our troops definitely got th® upper hand of the insurgents. The Philippine people, or. to speak more accurately, the many tribes, and even races, sundered from one another more or less sharply, who go to make up the people of the Philippine islands, contain many elements of good, and some ele­ ments which we have a right to hope stand for progress. At present they are utterly incapable of existing in Inde­ pendence at all or of building up a civ­ ilization of their own. d firmly believe that we can help them to rise higher and higher in the scale of civilization and of capacity for self-government, and I most earnestly hope that in the end they will be able to stand, if not entirely alone, yet in some such relation to the United States as Cuba now stands. This end is not yet' in sight, and It may be In­ definitely postponed if our people are foolish enough to turn the attention of the Filipinos away from the problems of achieving moral and material prosperity, of working for a stable, orderly, and Just government, and toward foolish and dan­ gerous intrigues for a complete Independ­ ence for which they arc as yet totally unfit. On the other hand our people must keep steadily before their minds the fact that the justification for our stay in the Philippines must ultimately rest chiefly upon the good we are able to do in' the Islands. I do not overlook the fact that in the development of our interests in the Pacific ocean and along its coasts, the Philippines have played and will pla> nn important part, and that our interest.' have been served In more than one way by the possession of the Islands. Bu our chief reason for continuing to hole' them must be that we ought in goo<* faith to try to do our share of th* World's work, and this particular piec< of work has been" imposed' upon us b> the results of the war with Spain. The problem presented to us in the Philip­ pine islands is akin to. but not exactly like, the problems presented to the othei great civilized powers which have pos­ sessions in the Orient. More distinctly than any of the powers we are endeav­ oring to. develop the natives themselves so that they shall take an ever-increas­ ing share In their own government, anf as far as'is prudent' we are already ad mutting their representatives to a gov .ernmental equality with our own. Therr are commissioners, judges, and governor! in ihe islands who are Filipinos and whe have exactly the same share in the gov ernmejjt of the islands as have their col leagueH who are Americans, while in tlu lower ranks, of course, the great major ity of the public servants are Filipinos Within two years we shall be trying thf experiment of an elective lower house li­ the Philippine legislature. Meanwhile our own people should re member that there is need for the high est standard of conduct among the Amer­ icans sent to the Philippine islands, not only among the public servants but among- the private Individuals who go to them. It Is because I feel this so deeply that in the administration of these Islands I have positively refused to per­ mit any discrimination whatsoever for political reasons and have Insisted that in choosing the public servants consid­ eration should be paid solely to the worth of the men chosen and to the needs of the Islands. There is no high­ er body of men in our public service than we have in the Philippine islands under Gov. Wright and his associates. So far as possible these men should be given a free hand, and their suggestions should receive the hearty backing both of the Executive and of the Congress There Is need of a vigilant and disinter­ ested support of our public servants in the Philippines by good citizens here in the United States. Unfortunately hither­ to those of our people here at home who have specially claimed to be the cham­ pions of the Filipinos have in reality been their worst enemies. This will continue to be the case as long as they strive to make the Filipinos independent, and stop all industrial development of the islands by crying out against the laws which would bring it on the ground that capitalists must not "exploit" the islands. Such proceedings are not only unwise, but are most harmful to the Fil­ ipinos, who- do not need independence at all, hut who do «need good laws, good public servants, and the Industrial en­ velopment that can only come if the vestment of American and foreign caj ..ai in the islands is favored In all legitimate ways. Every measure taken concerning the islands should be taken primarily with a view to their advantage. We should cer­ tainly give them lower tariff rates on their exports to the United States: if this is not done it will be a wrong to extend our shipping laws to them. I earriefsdy hope for the Immediate enact­ ment into law of the legislation now [tending to encourage American capital to seek investment in the Islands in rail­ roads. in factories, in plantations, and in lumbering and mining. THEODORE POOSBJVKLT. Tfc» White Uouse, Der t»l4. .-r WOULD Mill TREATY RIGHTS W. C. Xi U Asks President to Insist on Prohibition in Indian Territory. WANT FRANCHISE FOR WOMEN Demand That Bills for Admission of New States Shall Contain Clauses Binding Them to Allow Ballot to AU Citicen* - ^ Philadelphia, Pa., dispatch: The Na­ tional Women's Christian Temperance union, in convention here, requested President Koosevelt to urge that con­ gress observe the existing treaties with the Indians prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquor before granting statehood rights to Indian territory. The resolution was presented by Mrs. Margaret Dye Ellis of Washing­ ton, chairman of the legislative com­ mittee, and the following telegram was forwarded to the president: "The National Women's Christian Temperance union, in convention as­ sembled at Philadelphia, Pa., repre­ senting a half million women of the United States, most respectfully urges that your great influence be given to carrying out treaties of our govern­ ment with the Indians concerning the sale of intoxicating liquors in Indian territory, and that this prohibitory clause be inserted in the enabling act for the new state." Among the addresses made was one on the subject of "Nonalcoholic Medi­ cation," by Mrs. M. M. Allen of New York, and another on "Health and Heredity," by Mrs. Louise C. Hurling- ton, M. D., of Massachusetts. These were the features of the session aside from the repots of departmental su­ perintendents. Again Oppose Canteen. The report of the committee on res­ olutions was considered. The resolu­ tions, among other things, reaffirm the position on the canteen question and protest against Reed Smoot retaining his seat in the senate. The resolu­ tions request that the pending bill for the admission into the union of Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Indian territories should be so amend­ ed as to give franchise to women, and also encourage the furtherance of the movement of the organization of temperance societies as adjuncts to the labor organizations. One of the resolutions is as follows: "We deplore the tendency of modern writers of Action to assume that the bottle and the pipe are necessary ad­ juncts of many of their characters and we recognize the statements of Dr. Crothers, the well known authority on inebriety, 'that the use of alcohol is intlueacing literature of the day.'" The executive committee announced that the convention of 1905 will be held In Los Angeles, Cal. Many Reports Are Presented. Reports were presented by the fol­ lowing: Mrs. Lacy Thurman of Michigan, on the work among the colored people; Mrs. Mary H. Hunt of Massachusetts, on scientific temperance instruction; Mrs. Frances W. Leiter of Ohio, on physical education; Mrs. Stella B. Ir­ vine of ̂ California, on Sunday school work; Mrs. A. S. Benjamin Of Michi­ gan, on parlimcntary usage; Mrs. Min­ nie B. Horning, on the press; Mrs. E. B. Ingalls of Missouri, on anti-nar­ cotics; Mrs. S. I. Oberholtzer of Penn­ sylvania, on school savings banks; Miss Clara Wheeler of Michigan, on the kindergarten; Mrs. Adelia E. Car­ man of Illinois, on medal contests; Miss Elizabeth W. Greenwood of New York, on evangelistic and almshouse work. Mrs. Allen reviewed the work of the year in the expose of the alcoholic na­ ture of many patent medicines. Prom­ inent physicians were quoted as being opposed to the use of liquor for medi­ cinal purposes, and this was advanced as a strong argument iniavo^ of total abstinence. L REPORT ON SERICULTURE j.v m -- • -- , * Secretary Wilson Calls At- ! tention to Important Feat­ ures of Year's Work. • v YEAR'S CROPS ARE IMMENSE' PAPER TRUST SHORT OF FUNDS Seeks to Ifloat^pig Loan for Working Capital, It Is Said. New York special: The Internation­ al Paper company heeds more money despite its big capitalization and its heavy bonded debt, now more than $13,000,000, including the funded debt of its subsidiary companies. It must raise working capital, which is dis­ tinguished from other capital in that it must consist* entirely of cash. It has been an open secret in financial circles that the company in , the market for a loan and that It is pre­ pared to fund this loan by an issue of from ,$3,000,000 to $5,000,000 of bonds. It is said that the paper trust has about $2,000,000 of notes outstand­ ing and that part of the bonds are to be used to renew these notes, which usually run four months and aire re­ newed from time to time. Corn Leads, With Cotton in Place and Hay and Wheat Combined ; Equaling the First Named--Big In*; crease in Farm Capital. f # Washington dispatch: The secre­ tary of agriculture, James Wilson, has transmitted his eighth annual report to the president. Among the more im­ portant features of tte year's work' are extensive co-operatibns with agri­ cultural stations; the taking of pre­ liminary steps to conduct feeding and breeding experiments ;the war against} the cotton boll weevil and against cat-; tie mange; plans for education of en-; ginsers in road building; the produc­ tion of a hardy orange; research in successful shippiing of fruit abroad; ; the value of nitrogen fixing bacteria; i successful introduction of plants suit-. ed k> light rainfall areas; establish­ ment of pure food standards; the ex-; tension of agricultural education in primary and secondary schools, and 1 the extension of Instruction to island possessions to enable them to supply • the country with $200,000,600 worth of domestic products now imported from \ abroad. Crops of Great Value. The corn crop of 1904, says the aee> retary, yields a farm value greater \ than ever before. The cotton crop, valued for lint and seed at $600,000,- 5; 000, comes second, while hay and wheat contend for third place. Com- bined, these two crops will about equal in value the corn crop. Notwithstand- \ ing the wheat crop shows a lower pro­ duction than any year since 1900, the < farm value is the highest since 1881. Potatoes and barley reached their highest production in 1904; save in 1902 the oat crop was never so large by 60.000,000 bushels. The present crop of rice promises a yield of 900,- 900,000 pounds--300,000,000 more than ever before. Exports Are Immense. The year 1904, says the secretary, keeps well up to the average of ex­ ports of farm products during the Ave years. 1899-1903, amounting to over $859,000,000, while the average for th4 five years was nearly $865,000,000. During the last fifteen years the bal­ ance of trade in favor of this country, all articles considered, exceeded $4,- 384,000,000; but takin; farm products , alone, these showed a balance in fa­ vor of more than $5,300,000,000. Reviewing the increase in farm cap­ ital, the secretary estimates it con­ servatively at $2,000,000,000 within four years--this without recognizing the marked increase in the' value of • land during the last two years. Rice and Durum Wheat. Under the head of new industries developed the secretary enumerates, : first, rice, of which under the encour- - agement of the department, there has been enormously increased production • in Louisiana and Texas. Preliminary estimates give the area devoted to : rice in 1904 in these two states at 600,- 000 acres, and the crop will approxi- ;; mate 650,000,000 pounds. In reference to durum, or macaroni wheat, the suc­ cess attending its introduction con- =• tinues unabated. Probably no less than 14,000,000 bussels of such wheat will be grown this year. ' Forestry and Water. The present situation as regards forestry in the United States the sec- retary regards as exceedingly hope- : ful. The lumber industry seems to be awakening to the fact that lumber­ ing with reference to future as well as present profits may be good business. The general adoption of forestry as : an established policy pow depends primarily on business conditions. Ex­ tensive investigations of forest condi­ tions are still urgently needed. '&< CASHIER IS SHORT LARGE SUM BROKEN NECK CAUSE OF DEATH Barney Hines Victim of an Accident Near Soldiers' Grove. Prairie du Chien, Wis., special: Bar­ ney Hines, aged about 60, was found dead with his neck broken and a gash in his head on the road five milefc east of Soldiers' Grove. He was en^his way from Lafarg$ to visit his brother in- Haney, and had been in Soldiers' Grove the evening before. The wheels of his buggy had been forced up on the side of a steep bank and he was thrown head first into a pile of stones. Breaking of Pole Hurts Three. St. Louis special: Three men were injured and thousands of dollars' worth of poles and wires were entangled as( the result of the snapping of a pole carrying heavy feed cables of the United Railway Company. I . Feudist Is Shot. Louisville, Ky., dispatch: During a battle between mountaineers on Spring Fork Creek, Breathitt county, Ladan Mann, a Lee county feudist, was fatally shot. "Bud" Jenkins and 2Sm Patton surrendered. Bondsmen of Missouri Bank Official May Have to Pay $78,163. St. Louis, Mo., dispatch: According to the report of State Bank Examiner Seibert, transmitted to Secretary of State Cook, the shortage in the ac­ counts of A. F. Mispagei, former cash­ ier of the St. Charles Savings bank, is $78,163. No statement has been made as to the length of time over which the shortages were carried, but from the fact that efforts are being made to hold all of Mispagel's bondsmen tor the past three years it is believed that period represents the extent of the discrepancies. It is understood that the bondsmen will contest the pay­ ment of the bonds, alleging lack of due diligence on the part of the bank di­ rectors. It was announced that the directors of the bank had deposited with a trust company In St. Louis $50,000 to secur#the bank's depositors against loss. BREAK GROUND FOR BIG SCHOOL Ceremony for Great Negro Educational Institution in the South. Birmingham, Ala., dispatch: Ground was broken Tuesday for the first build- Jag of a great negro educational in­ stitution which the Freedmen's Aid and Southern Educational society, an auxiliary of the Methodist Episcopal (4^rch. will erect at Spalding, five miles from here. The first building will cost $30,000 and others will be erected, making the total investment several hundred thousand dollars. Tramp Knocks Woman Senseless. Bloomington, 111., dispatch: After ly­ ing uuconscious for twenty-four hours at her home near Ballard, Mrs. New­ ton Dodson was found. When revived she said a trauoap knocked her sd&M? less when she refused'him food. ••••-. * T --V- •" Beacom Is Chosen Captain. Notre Dame, Ind., dispatch! .Patrick ^Beacom of Sheldon. Ia.. has been chosen captain of the Notre Dame uni­ versity football team for 1905. Nathan Silver of Chicago was the only other MBtestant •,