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>NS EAGER tOn WHtl- IT!0148 Iff ARCTIC. Wanted m the cow Barren Sections of the Pathway Marked by Their Explorer*. Is III They lie the borders v - year, none of these ie by ; white lor i »« ACTED UPON. ANCC '4 jjkti or\A W kcui«Mii iun israsare now few unexpired parts of the earth, and it is to the great lands of the north, ft* Alaska and Brit­ ish America that the adventurer and the colonist and the capitalist are now turning their attention and planning for the future. When, almost 40 years ago, the United States purchased Alaska from Russia for about 115,000,000, the secretary who had been active in bringing about the purchase had the pie&sure of tearing his name linked with It as "Seward's folly." During the last 12 months alohe this once de­ spised northern possession^ produced te gold so considerableVjpnn as $25,- 000.000. But Seward had been vindicated fears ago. 1 The success of Alaska from many points of view has quickened the ap­ preciation of Canada's northwest; has directed enterprise to the possibilities of the Hudson Bay country, and has caused the dominion government to formally take possession of an archi­ pelago in the Arctic ocean, although most of the group of islands lies above the seventy-flfth parallel. Insignjacant as this circumstance appears at first glance, it Is highly im­ portant, indicating that the fisheries disputes, which by an awkward habit at intervals imperil the friendly feel­ ing between the United States and Its atffhbbr, are to be provided against in The islands which Canada ha* formally annexed are Melville, Patrick, Eglington, Emerald, Martin, Bathnrst, Cornwall!*, Lowther, Young, Garrett, 11, Davy and Bylott. The names ly of these islea will be unfamil- lo xaost readers, for they are un- "Cid OD many good maps, and the ,-li<ea of the 14 is about that of "flag Extensa to Barren North. All of the islands were discovered by English expeditions. Consequently Canada's right under the parliament- **> Qjjgf act of 187(1 to add them to her Fr soieeaafofts is not to be disputed. |. - br north of the latitude of the ist of Alaska, and to be ap- from the coast only through . in••• •••• f soand or Jones sound, nei­ ther of which ft navigable during the sealers are fta«tefi aad ao»o a*% leans, Canada intends to give to the world that her flag ex the uppermost barren north. More than this evident intention m to he seen in the result of Capt Ber- nier's expedition into the arctics. Every acre of ground which is capable of production is to be utilised. In an­ other century ̂ if the present rate of colonization continues. North Amerls* will be settled to the shores ofthe Arctic ocean. The waste Minds, Of rather the million and a half square miles formerly regarded as unproduc- Inole Cantral CMS the Principal bing In Sight--Governor W^nta Woney to Ff$rt Company . &iT : In Cottrtsb- • Map of Islands Annexed by Canada. tive and uninhabitable, are already re­ sponding to the awakenlnf touch of capital.: < More remarkable than the settle­ ment of the British possessions is the marvelous growth of Alaska, which lies astride the Arctic circle, the climate is not unlike that of way, which for centuries has i ished a hardy race of men. As way has the tempering influence of Gulf stream, so the climate of ern Alaska is moderated by the tie warmth of the Japan current At the time Alaska was purchased Itwas asserted that Sitka had winters ]y as mild as those of Philadelphia, that mnch less snow fell there than m New York city. The fact remains however, that the settlement of the peninsula is being made much farther north than Sitka; in fact, on the edge of the Arctic circle. There the winters are severe, and snow covers the ground from six to eightmonths ofthe year. "Wireless" in War Time. WHAT OTHER NATIONS ARE DC% ferent systems, and after a series' of INQ TO INSTALL SYSTEM, f>«v»t«9N*MMrts 0f the Past Ten Years Wldifth Make Military Operations vRar More iMfcttttve Than - ~ tenyears have- efapifetf afnee >ni--than a young fellow of 22-- dug the eorcmercial possibilities i1$f hidden in the discoveries of til to England to patent his wireless telegraphy, and al­ ready the transmission of aerial mes- sSges has become part and parcel of Transmitting Apparatus Packed. life. A wireless telegraphy ;e, convoked by Germany, has jj£ing in Berlin, the chief point being the question of the of the Marconi company in tain. Germany demands an ----il convention compelling Intercommunication between wire­ less telegraph stations of all systems, while Great Britain, who in the Mar­ coni system possesses a great ad­ vantage, naturally does not wish to forego it merely to oblige a rival power. / The use of wireless telegraphy in war-time was recognised long ago, and as far back as 1899 experiments were made by the French army in trans- mitti$gwireles« messages by means of egbttine balloons to which were at­ tached vertical conductors from 100 to 500 faet in length. These attejnpts proved^ntoderately successful, mes- sent about four miles, khiatut the same time# the Austrians 3d to send messages nearly the distance, and in the Ger- 'jitany signals were transmitted 26 miles by the same first occasion when the system was put to a practi- field, however, was last Hftrre#;; campaign, when •«SUft)edf a number of ap- sonthwest Africa, and [Hi® exceedingly useful in .their against the natives. In of course, wireless tele- was adopted from the very as early as 1900 the British into a contract for of the Marconi appa­ ll of his majesty's ships, as at six coast stations. Within a years practically every navy in - was experimenting with the Lofaerialmessages. iraphtc system em- m the Japanese .during the late the invention of one of their Dr. Kiraura, who attend- at Berlijx. Before war Russia, the Japanese had conducted the' most investigations into the dif* tests carried out with temporary bal­ loon stations 100 miles apart, Dr. Kimura's system was found to be the most successful, and was accordingly* adopted. In the course of his experi­ ments, Dr. Kimura hit upon a method, of sending wireless telephonic mes* sages, which has also been recently adopted by the Japanese navy. Both inventions are government secrets, jealously guarded by the Japan## navy department. In the Rnsso-Jap* anese war Admiral Togo made good use of the invention, both while di­ recting from "a certain place" the blockade of Port Arthur and, later* when he met and demolished the Rus­ sian -Armada in the battle of tile fea1 Of Japan. „ 1 The completeness of the Japanese victory in the btttle of the sea of Japan may certainly be ascribed to wireless telegraphy. During the foggy weather a Japanese cruiser, while searching for. the Russians, suddenly found herself In, the midst of the enemy's fleet.- A wireless message giving notice of the discovery was Simultaneously received by all the Japanese warships, though some were ISO miles distant. Admiral Togo Im­ mediately dispatched a squadron of scouts, who kept in touch with the Russians, and sent him reports of their course, speed and position at frequent intervals, with the result that Admiral Togo was able to forecast ab­ solute precision the movements of the enemy and to strike home at the most favorable moment. Stran&ly enough, though the Russian vessels • were equipped with the latest and most efficient wireless outfits, they made no attempt to Interfere with the Jap­ anese communications. Doubtless in the next war wireless telegraphy will play a more Important role than ever--at least the Germans believe so, and they have devised what may be called a mounted field wire­ less equipment The whole apparatus, Including a signaling mast 85 feet in length--constructed in sections for convenience of transport--can be packed on the back of two horses, a bicycle being used for driving the motor which generates the electro­ magnetic waves. 7VW" Springfield.--Both Republican and Democratic house of representatives jttw Spaing to push the work of the legyjature this ses- #o» and the lower branch of the as- •embly will ready for work far earlier in the session than two years ago. The committee en rules, of Which the speaker is chairman, will decide on permanent rules to govern the house. There will be some debate ov& them if Representative Robert • W._ McKteHy, the recalcitrant Cook ooonty member who created such e«B- atafiiliijte old wheel horses of b&p; parties by trying to force an amendment to the temporary rules so that bids could not be smothered ixi ootnmittee, makes good his intention of again offering his amendment an<t trying to secure a vote on >it. The measure of his success will depend al­ most entirely on his individual, ability to gatfter support, 'as the^yeteran members on both sides say sQbh a rale would keep the house in aiislan al­ most until the next legislature is ready to meet « State Treasurer-Elect Bmulskl Will not take office tmtil January 83. The postponement of the date Of the trans­ fer of the ofliee of state treasurer from Len J. Small to Mr. Smulski from Jan­ uary 1 to the 23d is made, it is said, in order that the state depository com­ mission bill, Introduced in the senate, may be acted upon by the legislature. Itlc nut stata irsoraiaarr to «ftat4»;fc . , luaion a suit to rney general wl| >ythe six General Assembly in Session. The Forty-fifth general assembly ot minoli buckled into its biennial busi­ ness at noon January 9, convening in a session that is expected to be more prolific in important enactments than any other In the chronicles of the state. The house was called to order by Secretary of State Rose, who at once sent the pages scurrying about the chamber with blank oaths for membera to «ign. Three members were appoint* ed to wait on Chief Justice Guy C. Soott of the supreme bench with a re­ quest that he administer the oath. The chief justice appeared, the house stood In a body, the 158 members present raised their right hands and. were sworain; OtWanization proceeded in the roipbM^lmiuin^ .<£ J. Lindly nomi­ nated C. M. Gatuik of Pulaski; as tem­ porary speaker! aftir J. J. Poulton, of A Carious Fae ̂ Did you ever notice that the dum­ my clocks in front of jewelry shops are always set at 8:18?" "Yes, I have noticed that" "And do you know why these are always set at that hour?*? "No. Why is it?" "Well, some people hold that George Washington was born at 8:18, and that the clocks commemmorate that auspicious moment. Others hold 8:18 the writing of the Declaration of Independence was completed. But there is no truth in such ideas. We don't need to go so far back in order to find out why all dummy clocks mark 8:18. "These clocks are all set at at thai hour for the reason that such an ar­ rangement of hands gives the most room on the dial for the jeweler's name and address." Edwsrtl Id. 8Hurtisff. Chicago, presented the name ot John O. Werdell as the choice of the Demo­ crats. The vote stood 91 for Gaunt and 61 for Werdell, the three Prohi­ bitionist members lining up with the Republicans. The elate of officers selected by the Republicans at their caucus was then put through />n viva voce vote at d the session settled down to the election of permanent officers. In a highly laudatory speech Frank R. Covey, of Belvidere, nominated Ed­ ward D. Shurtieff as the unanimous choice, of the Republicans, while Charles S. Luke dwelt on the qualifi­ cations of Douglas Pattison of Free- port, the Democratic nominee, for the place. The vote was perfunctory and after it was over Mr. Shurtieff was conducted to the chair. dkief Jaftice Scott administered the oafl!* Hfter which the speaker, briefly addressed the house. The first session 6f the senate was called to order by Lieut. Gov. Sher­ man, and, after the usual routine or­ der of business was followed, the slate of officers selected by the Republican caucus was'lfiit through. The oath was administered by Chief Justice Soott. Senator S. C. Pemberton wtys elected as president pro tern. , The publicity bureau of the Legisla­ tive Voters' league was opened on the third floor of the Unity building. , * A Shy Request. Edgar--Miss Edith, i--er-4kve something most important to ask you. May I--that is-- Edith (softly)--What is it Edgar? Edgar May I--Edith would you be willing to have our names printed in the papers with a hyphen betw««a them?--Royal Magazine. The 'law suit is the attitude of E. H. ing out with the a Illinois Central won! which it owed the offered to pay sobm bOiers were mi..his part prosnMgl Jfeii' CQB*- pany pay the It adop­ ted were Just. the otjMfS to a law suit iS'i aqp now the entire matter will have to be fought out in the courts. The total amount of „ state's' claim, as it now Stands, Is believed to be $4,800,000, and the examination of the company's passenger wad express accounts is not -• .• ' final totals may present a substantial Increase over this amount Gov. Deneen, in his message, de­ clares that the Incomplete examina­ tion of the expert auditofB employed by him has revealed the fact that the Illinois central has 'imde arbftraiy rulings which deprived the state of revenue, has withheld various items of income from its statement of gross receipts on which co|6]i(iutailon is to be paid, and has a^pted various poli­ cies calculated %|Pe the state as lit­ tle and the compa&y as modi as pos­ sible. In one or two Instances a specific statement of the loss sustained by the state Is made, but these are not the most important items. The section treating of the Dubuque bridge arbi­ trary allows the inference that too state has lost* in the neiijghboriiood of $700,000 because of the pcftctice which the company inau^n l̂edL in 1900* of deducting two oents per hundred pounds from earnings of ail freight crossing the bridge, The Cairo bri^ ai^Hrai^ whieh deducts 25 cents for qaeh passenger and two cents per hundred pound for all freight carried over that bridge, is said to have cost the' state at least $45,000 a year. The fact that the company makes no return on its investments Is said to have cost the state its seven per cent, on an Income apiyroximatlng $3,362,000. , The legislature is left to Imagine that the largest loss has been suffered bcicause of an improper distribution Of earnings between the charter road and its affiliated lines. Gov. Deneen shows that on one haul which consist­ ed of 400 miles of charter line and 13 miles of an affiliated branch the com­ pany credited the .13 miles with $3,317 and the 400 miles of charter line with $2,532. In another instance it is shown that where five miles of branch road and 360 miles <}f charter line was used the branch line was credited with 20 per cent of the earnings and charter lines with 80 per ostft - 5 -f Begin Suit Against l̂ ttrdaftr.' '̂7 • "* Suit" to force an accounting in the state by the Illinois Central railroad, equivalent to action to recover mil­ lions of dollars in back taxes, was filed in the supreme court at Spring­ field January 14 by Attorney General W. H. Stead, it was to cover the ex­ penses involved in this suit that Gov. Deneen asked the legislature to ap­ propriate $150,000. The period for which the account­ ing is asked is from 1877, when the Illinois Central first acquired control of mileage other than that granted by charter provision, to the present date. Within that time, the attorney gen­ eral charges, the state has not been paid anything like the seven per cent, of the road's gross income to Which it is entitled under the charter. The amount out of which It is claimed the statement has been de­ frauded is not set forth in the peti­ tion, as this can be determined only by the accounting prayed for. In Gov. Deneen's message to the legislature, however, he places the state's share uncovered by a partial examination of the books at $4,800,000, an^ says a complete investigation doubtless would largely increase this. Gov. Deneen, when seen at Spring­ field, declined to discuss the action taken, but said the state's answer to President Harriman's statement would be made in Court In the absence of President J. T. Harahan in New York, Jacob Dickin­ son, general counsel for the company, was asked to express his views on the situation. "Mr. Harahan," he said, "has given the only interview that will be given in the case until we have had a chance to study the ex­ act phraseology of the Instruments filed. I shall do my talking in court." Will Not Alter Church Name. The synod of the Springfield of the Episcopal chnreh voted down a resolution to change the name ot the church to the American Catholic ichurch. It was submitted by Rev. R. J. Belt, of Belleville, ft was announced that the will of the late Bishop Sey­ mour provides a site for the location of a cathedral in this city. The synod fixed the salary of HUJlop Bdward W. Osborne, who sucoesds Bishop Sey­ mour, at $2,000 per annum1, with $400 for incidentals- This is the same that Bishop Seymour received. To Watch Legislation. 'ff/T , V The state legislative board of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, with 55 lodges and 6,000 members in Illinois, ended a meeting here after two days" deliberation. The most im­ portant action taken was the decision to maintain at Springfield, during the session of t&e general assembly, a rep­ resentative who wiU look after hills supported by this labor organisation. C A. Randall, of flouth ChieagD, was selected for this post, succeeding W. 6. Edens. Dstes Set for Stste Fair. The state board of agriculture at Its recent meeting fixed September 27 to October 4, Inclusive, as the time for holding the state fair this year. VaH» .Experiment Station I Eugene Davenport, dean and direc­ tor of the college of agriculture at the University of Illinois, in discussing the value of experiment stations through­ out the state, says: "The whole mat­ ter is reducible to the study o< the first principles involved, and agricul­ ture will take a new step evwy time a new fact or princlyle is 4isoovered, provided always that leading fsifoers are so associated With the work as to be ready to see st once its (rift ®lg- nlfleance.T"7^ iSATH FULLOWSBANQUI at ^"W;Slt̂ ylehe"siM ' ti®#? dur- ing a ba&$a»t of the Woman's Cath- TheretrSlur leShin• th« gKkapptt̂ n ilCi'iN**BINDJNQ PODDEft. Can Be Made at. Home sfld is Essliy Operated. Kansast writot In " imd sunmats a atus and the efforts of the to dia«fover tfc# cause. The accident caused a panic among the guests, and the shock was felt throughout the town, many of the residents thinking there had been an oarthtmske. Fire added to the confusion land dis­ order, but the fiamee were cheeked and attention g{ven the injured. two small uprights A I in ilhtttration. The pressed +hto the open- tng bet«een A and B and by down- HAS MEMORIES OF LINCOLN. Jacob l|lk of Vermilion CouiKy Knew ' Great Emancipate ̂ Danville.--Jacob F. Illk, one iff "the best knowrf and oldest residents of Vermilion county, celebrated his seventy-first birthday anniversary at his home in Oakwood, where he has lived a retired life for several years. Mr. Illk has resided in this county since 1854 and can remember vividly how the immortal Abraham Lincoln appeared when he attended court in Danville, coming from Springfield either in the old four-horse stage or riding horseback across the prairies with other circuit riders of that tlm& Flies Suit for $8,000. Bloomlngton.--Mrs. Mabel Hall filed suit against the Bloomlngton & Normal Street Railway company* ask­ ing damages to the extent of $5,000. She claims that she was struck by a car of the defendant company and permanently injured. The accident happened three Weeks ago, friends at that time believing- that she had been slugged by friends of her husband, from whom she was securing a di­ vorce. ;• -Three Want Postmastershlp. -Ashland.--An exciting race for the office of postmaster ,is on in. Ashland. The contestants are the present in­ cumbent, Charles F. Douglas; Samuel Short, a justice of the peace here for many years, and George W. Massey, a v leading Republican politician and prominent eitisen. Each of the three has a numerously signed petition, and will continue to hUBtle until the ex­ piration of Douglas' term in Febru- ary, ' ' Took Dose of Wrong Medicine. Carlinville.--James Page, night po­ lice of Staunton, in this county, was near death as a result of having taken a dose of medicine from the wrong bottle. After he retired he was taken with a severe spell of coughing and Mrs. Page brought him what she thought was a bottle of cough medi­ cine, but which was liniment A phy- silcan was summoned-and Mr. Page was soon relieved. ' If* Vif % Leber Renews Its Qampalfiw ̂ j Organized labor oC t̂b»'̂ it|ie?'1 ̂ pared to press vig0fOtt*lf legis!atton tn which it is lnterested. Aoting under the instructions of Grand Msstet: P. H Morrissey, of the BrotlyhoOd of Rail wa>' Trainmen, the 'slpde legislative board of that organllitto here, with 40 repn^entitt It was decided to. toip i rspresenta- tivAW Spring^M dsrta* of legislation advocated by thf Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen* ?r- .»/!!., iuj," * Gets Verdict for $1^400. Taylorville.--In the circuit court the suit of Dr. G. L. Armstrong against the estate of his grandfather, Thomas Armstrong, for services as physician and for board, was settled by the executor paying him $1,494.30. The case was tried in the county court and a verdict for $1,530 given. It was appealed to the circuit court a verdict for $1,400 given. > • * Qfrl's Stepfather Captured. 8pring Valley.--The police of this city, after a chase of several days, lodged Victor De Wolf in the county jail. He was indicted by the grand jury. Mary Kelser, 13 years of age, and the prisoner's stepdaughter, is the complainant As attempts .have been made to kidnap the pcirl she was also placed In jail for safe keeping. Logan County Farmers Elect. Lincoln.--The Logan County Farm­ ers' Insurance company elected offi­ cers as follows: President, J. T. Gels- throp, Beason; vice president, J. Q. Adams, Eminence; treasurer, A. Rim- merman, Lincoln; secretary, John H. Beckers, Lincoln; directors, J. T. Gelsthorp, F. Fulscher, J. W. Kline, Samuel Sparks land Nanke Harms. Aurora Man Pound Dead. Aurora.--Charles Lannlgan, who has relatives in Chicago, was found dead in bed. Cancer caused his death. He was 55 years of age. Hearty Supper Fatal. Kewanee. -- Fred Greenberg, a wealthy farmer, after eating a hearty supper, fell from his chair dead. Appellate Court to Be Moved. ML Vernon.---At a meeting held In the Bast St Louis city courtroom an organised effort was started to in­ duce the Illinois legislature to remove the appellate court from Mt. Vernon to Bast St. Louis. Judge J. B. sick, president of the East St LOttls Bar association, was authorised to appoint a committee of five business men to aot la eonjunctlon with the lawyers and to formulate a plan by Which a $50,000 building can be erect­ ed to be donated to the state fui a home for the appellate court. Andrew Roblngs Desd. Carlinville.--Andrew Roblngs, one of the weH-known cltisens of BrlgJitoiiR is dead at his home at that ptioe, aged 69 years. He was a prominent njtaiber of the One Hundred and Twenty-second Illinois regiment and well-known in G. A. R. circles. Illinois Msyor Resigns Office. Areola.--D. B. Parr resigned b^qt? floe as mayor of Areola. I. L. FrWtS, elected an alderman on the adfj|^|* cense ticket .last faring, was as his successor. The Fodder Binder. w»rd movement of lever 1« pressed into The l*l*a is then «e£di& . The whate de­ vice Is îpiM>rted'%y * C, so that it may place to plMe. We # what exte«£ tld* w!ir ' practlcal»lntitis suggestausefttl KEEPING ACCOUNTB. How One Farmer Figures. Out Profit on His Cows. ' the ever-reeurring bookkeeping- bugbear brings to mind a recent in­ terview with one of the largest farm­ ers in the M^» who Is a bright man and a large Wholesale baker, Thomas Kelley. He iMAd: As a business man I have learned that the books must be kept right if the.prdprtetor Is encour­ aged and not discouraged, and Is led to venture into the business still more extensively. The rule applies as well to farming as to other business. In operating my four large farms, I charge them with only the wages) with things bought and with the other real expenses, and never with things the farm produces. If,'for instance, I debit the farm with its own hay that Is used, I really charge the hay twice because the wages paid help have pro­ duced that hay just as much as the wages set the fence posts and do the work. No man Is right if he figures that the hay sold is Worth a, stated sum and hence milk ls produced at such a cost. If I wronged my farms that way In my bookkeeping I would appear to be losing money every year and 1 Would soon dispose of my country property, for to carry l)n a business one is not skillful enough to conduct profitably, Is not reasonable. This winter I shall keep 130 cows, feeding 300 tons of hay. If I figure that hay at its market value I find that my milk costs me more than 1 can buy It for in the open market, but don't do so. Neither do I figure in the wear and tear on the stock. I merely charge a cow's actual shrinkage In value between the time I buy her and her vselllng price. This is an actual, not an Imaginary transaction., If 1 hire help and am so lacking in skill that I do not raise what hay, stalks, grain, etc., I require and have to, buy them, I must charge up the things bought, of course, just as I credit my milk, eggs and potatoes. I am not satisfied with'a cow unless I can clear an actual prafit on her. every day, even if it Is not the manure. lore than five cents, and ITEMS. blM in 30 waibe The'man or boy who can not control his children, horse or dog by his voice alone, without having his hands on them, is not a good trainer; and If he loses his temper his influence Is gone. The American Agriculturist reports a shortage In the western hay crop, according to canvass, of something lifeie 8,000,000 tons under last year's yield. In the east the crop was on the whole a little above the average, and It is likely t&at prices will be better also. , Scareely any other grain has shown the adaptability of corn, A native of the warm* moist parts of South Amer­ ica. it has gradually fought Its way into the colder and dryer regions, until there are few sections in, which it can not be profitably grown. Its adaptability is shown in the fact that in the far north the plant is low and spreading, but maturing its ears all the same.--Farm Journal. a cor*- wmusethe jfrottt his tools, aad sameklnd of a tool IPP, not afl0*#ii tool: responded* of Fe the building of' t#P::et̂ Ings, a barn and a shop for work, I had them placed So tack of the shop made a rig&lngle With tiie back the harn. m Chase two sides.;:!W'\s^wiKrtfil"wGre .needed* and this left two sides already^#n- structed for* my tool shed. Thesi all I haa to do was t3 extend a r^of nom the shop and barn and I had a good shed for my large tools. The Small# tools are take* care of in my woik s h o p . ' ' • • • " • ' v . I find that the best pMu for taking care of small tools an# :;0t large tools is to have a great many pegs and hooks on the side of the shop. The tools are then always in sight and If one always puts the same A tool ttrnt omuiBt b,, when wanted 111 about the same ̂as tool. One 6t the greatest troubles on the farm Is to compel the hired gapn to put the horse tools in the shed. One farmer that I know says h* î ever allows - a man to unhitch his feorsps ̂ from a machine till it is t̂ tbe door of the dted. Then it is an easy mat­ ter to put it in. This seems a little bit tyrannical, but with soma men It is about the only way of getting t|)| things looked after; . No matter hovr mueh oare is tekdh With the ma t̂inwr in the way of prot viding a shed for tt# I find that it mpft have careful attention on the part of the owner to make sure that the nuts are kept tight on all the wheel ma­ chines. One of the most vexations things about the care of farm mfK chines is the tendencies for the bolts to work off and get loat The working off of a single nut on the end ot a holt may put the machine out of use for hours and perhaps days. The nuts work off because they are not looked after. I wish some one would invent some system of making it impossibly for nuts to work off. There is another thing that should be kept in mind and that Is if this bolts are permitted, to be loose the machinery will wear out rapidly, aa the play between parts is very de-, structive to the several parts. I do not believe that any kind of a tool' will last very many years unless tip' bolts and nuts are kept tight WMB ̂ - the machine is being used. ' ' -!V ^ HAVE GOOD UTTERi. , >; •>%' Night Work on the'Farm; t work on the farm is not to be tolerated. The old plan of working from four o'clock in the morning till nine o'clock at night was responsible for creating a disgust for farm work, and both the boy and the girl shared this dlsgnpt. On many farms now no work is done after six o'clock p. m., and this is right There Is no reason Why hours should be longer on the farm than in the city. But on the farm more time needs to be taken jit noon so that the morning aad evening "chores" will come further apart We doubt, however, if the "sight-hour day" ever becomes the rule on the farm, espeoially on thsf farm that is devoted to some exteat to the raisiag of live stock. fpfluke to adopt their needs to the eight jioar Plan- - • fittest of Straw Wewed fin. 4'; Whwe straw is cut up and plowed Into the sou, it materially helps the soil, if the soil is deficient in potas­ sium. The truth of this has been forced on people that have tried tike application of straw on land of this character. The resultant growth of grists, however, will be disappointing, as the straw will give enough potas­ sium to help out the formation of the stalk of the grain but not enough to give the best results in the way of a harvest The same result will occur if too little of a deficient manurial element be applied. Pure Breds Are More Profitable •; Common Stock. Sf̂ ' _ ' - Although I am a breeder of hogs ' have not had as much experietrte with them as some others and there­ fore perhaps may not be a very good authority. The size of the litters pro­ duced on my farm, as nearly as I catt- remember by thinking fyack, will sj^r* erage about eight. The most common1 size I should think would be about six. The largest litter ever product on my farm was 11. I have seen 14 in a litter and hate heard of larger ones but have never been lucky enough to see them. The'best sise I - believe depends upon the way the b&W suckles the pigs, but generally a sow1 cannot properly feed more than six pigs. So far as the size of litters Is concernel, says a correspondent Of Farmers' Review, I believe that pure bred sows produce as large UtterA at they caii properly handle. I do n<*t like to cross. I do not notice any die* crease In the size of litters of the high* bred sows. There is ao doubt, how* ever, that feedi^;)i§^i 'gxi$t deal to ' do with the size of litters appi that if an animal is not rightly ted it will tend to decrease the size ot the lit­ ters. I think if both the male and Up* female are kept in a healthx condltionj that is, ndt too fat bat wferything right, there will be no tranbto in get» ting good-eised litters. The feed w&j care 1 consider about nine points score ^f-'ten.:" 'iM HANDLING MANURE. '• iiiiin .'hifp* H \ Put Cart Body on Drag the Snow. To get ont manure in winter, wl there is a moderate amount of snoi Upon the ground, try this plan, sup- gests Farm Journal: Set the carî body on the ^Orag." or stone boat. »s suggested In the' cut The load can . be spread in tl̂ e field with' great ease»; <jart Body on Drag. -'v because It is down so low; and loa4p;'; ing at the barn is also easy for a all*.' " liar reason. If there is a manure shed to which the ttklve is wheeled dally, empty the barrow into the. cart ' When this is foil, haul to the fieldii J } i ^ ' v! W4- Fasting Fowte. ':'Ar :̂lbmm«a>clal handler of says that all fowls should be fasteg for from 24 to 36 hours before killing. Where the birds are permitted to stuff themselves with food before the kill- < ;1 O. in ̂time, the food decomposes in tha ' V; * crop and Intestines. From this thg ̂ flesh frequently becomes tainted. , V'/ -'C'Vsr" $ # y •/ • •fjk " ¥X "I