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r #i£nr^rc \ / *?*" ';vv'*T^ --'iw 4Xy ^ !^K(r*r *'v'.,'.. . '* < *' •" \ V - " * • ' v V • v « - ; ' . ; , * » 7 , / * . ; * * « ? \ * * r - V * * - • • • • CITY BEA UTIFUL ajr' * « "* tf m-. ON THE TRAIL OF THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY By WILLIAM T. CLLI8 life DMaitlM AMicw Jwmaliat 1* Trwrdta* Around dm World for *h» Nmn «f hw«llt»lfa« tk* Foreign MiMjoouy from * Purely DUinterftrtad, Secular »nd Non-S«etuiu Standpoint. Illustrated with Driwmg* and from rhotoir«)»b» A Reform Sirocco Has Struck Wide-Open Shanghai * Shanghai, China.--The greatest ramral sensation at present agitat­ ing the east is not being cre­ ated by a missionary, but by an •officer of the United States gov­ ernment, Judge L. R. Wilfley of *4he new circuit court for China. With -the majority of foreigners resident in .•port cities. Judge Wilfley is to-day •probably more unpopular, even, than • ire the missionaries, and for largely ' the same reason. What the mlssion- . aries have been trying for generations •4o accomplish, in the way of cleaning *np the American reputation out here, .and improving moral conditions, Judge Wilfley has wrought almost orer night. The shame of Shanghai is interna­ tional ; in every part of the civilized wrid Shanghai is known as a wide­ -open city. As one resident expressed Jt: "There is no' public sentiment Swre." Shanghai about fulfills the •desire of Kipling's soldier: "Ship me somewhere east^sf Suez, Where the best Is like the worst. "Where there ain't no Ten Command­ ments, And a man can raise a thirst." An American Monopoly of Vice. But here comes the rub: the Amer- the settlement records may be en­ lightening in this connection--and be it remembered, these are not statis­ tics of the native city, but of the for­ eign settlements, over which the Chi­ nese have no control •whatever. The unedifying spectacle has more than once been presented in Shanghai of "heathen" officials vainly pleading with the representatives of Christian nations to close out or restrict cer­ tain forms of evil, notably opium re­ sorts, gambling houses and brothels, for the sake of the thousands oT Chi­ nese who are being ruined therein. Shanghai's foreign population is 14,- 000, of whom 1,100 are Americans. The British dominate, although they are somewhat outnumbered by the Japanese. French, Portuguese and Germans come next in order of im­ portance. In licensed existence within the set­ tlement were, at the time of tlie issu­ ance of the recent municipal statis­ tics, 21,000 opium houses and shops, paying a revenue of $68,000--or one such resort for every score of the 452,700 Chinese residents who live here under the white man's law. Of these, 520 are opium brothels, with -leans have had almost a monopoly of 3.200 inmates. Besides there are 200 business end of the vice of Shang- "kai. The gamblers, panderers, dive- iiBBepers and loose women were mostly Ngisterecjk at the American consulate. British consols in the east have had the right, which they have generally «nccrcised. to deport shady characters ~q& their own nationality; American ^consuls have not. For 50 years, then, abandoned women of this chief of the orient have'been claiming iCfce protection of the stars and stripes. registered Chinese brothels with 600 inmates, 237 of whom are given week­ ly health certificates by the city med­ ical examiners. Of foreign houses of a grade above this, there are seven reported on the books, with 55 in­ mates. Of the highest and most fa­ mous--or infamous--class is the "Wa­ ter Tower district," or the "Amer­ ican colony," as the peighborhood is indiscriminately called, there are seven palatial houses, with 47 inmates. The United States Consulate at Shanghai. *®fce result is that nowhere in decent -«Jrcles in the east are the terms '"American lady" ever employed, for tfcey have only one significance. An /American father dare not speak of his •daughter as an "American girl.* TWhen first I came to this city it neeji- a few pointed and illuminating "worfts from a friend to explain to me **he large proportion of richly clad and »«rtificially bedizened women, manl- tfestly my compatriots, who rolled •'•long Bubbling Well road in sumptu­ ous equipages. So open and shameless has been rthis corruption of Shanghai society, rTanrl$ying into the most extraordinary »•and unexpected places, that gradually * brazen vice has crowded virtue to v'fte rear, and, as a most eminent resl- In addition, there are numerous "amusement palaces" and beer gar­ dens, which are outside the pale of what is called the "legitimate." The Pace That Kills. No census can tell *the worst of Shanghai's shame. The evil that sur­ passes the widespread gambling and drinking is the maintenance of Chi­ nese concubines by white men. It is freely asserted that all the un­ married foreigners in the east follow this practice. Of course this sweep­ ing statement is untrue; and the wholesale generalization upon Shang­ hai's wickedness indulged in by mis­ sionaries here, and by missionary au­ thorities and supporters at home, is more than uncharitable, it is cruel, and false. This city holds many dent assures me, the demi-monde of I upright, clean-lived, honorable men of ^Shanghai has held the center of the social stage. I have it on credible au­ thority that leading business men, married men with elegant homes in Shanghai, have been in the habit of *4roppi$g in of afternoons to take tea "snYh tlie "American girls." A short 'time ago a prominent British noble- man found, after spending an evening Jin "the American colony," that his "»atch had disappeared. Now this particular watch bore autograph evi- ><lence that it was a personal gift from spotless character; the fact that they are in a minority does not justify their being so indiscriminately li­ belled. The gross and scandalous charges, which ignorant or evil-dispos- ed persons make concerning mission­ aries, are not a whit worse than the general animadversions of some mis­ sionaries upon all foreigners engaged in secular pursuits in the orient. The best statement of the situation is bad enough. Careful inquiry among conservative and informed per­ iling Edward, in recognition of high i sons elicits the opinion that probably S. r, public services, so every effort was iput forth to recover it--without pub­ licity, of course--but in vain. There fts no absolute evidence that it was *aken to the states by one of the score Of "American girls" who left on a eingls steamer a few weeks ago, but - nobody would be surprised should it '. turn up in San Francisco. Respite an occasional misadventure ^ «f this sort, the Britishers and other - foreigners here have been very well Patent with the situation prior to -Judge Wilfley's advent. The disgrace l„,V4|and legal responsibility were borne by .America, so from their standpoint the . j;* onatter was quite satisfactory. As tone vexed Englishman said to me: ,.5v •t"a®aUy. this Judge Wilfley is making v deuce,of a bother for the rest of !^«s. He is doing a good thing for - .America, of course, but think of the Jp , -,, trouble that is bound to come to oth- t t. 'jg >(, »«r nationalities if they have to handle t this thing." In a word, the nations ' ' • , were quite willing to let Atnencn , ' ibare the blame for all their misbe-Hw*™*'- • Mow Missionaries Won Unpopularity. Against this infamy missionaries ' *uive for yeara Protested and labored '-ia vain. Shanghai, like all other 'treaty ports in China, Is an Interna- Clonal extra-territorial settlement; ^ -each resident is under no law except WL, • that of his own country, as admlnis- Cf? ; tered by his consul.. The very fact -'If of American laxity has caused" dis- ^ reputable characters, even of other na­ tionalities, to seek the protection of that flag for their evil doing. the larger number of unmarried for­ eigners in Shanghai maintain native women. The Eurasian offspring who are the fruit of these, and more hon­ orable unions, are one of the tragic characteristic® of this city. Right here arises a perplexity for the missionary. Shall he receive into his home, and give his social approval to, young men who are known thus to have contravened a fundamental Anglo-Saxon conception of decency? Shall all the accepted traditions of respectable society be abandoned In order to win the approval of these young men,away from home? Ordi­ narily, the missionaries decide In the negative. Thus there is a gulf fixed between the, two classes of white men in Asia; and so mutual criticism is begotten. In the society which has dominated Shanghai the missionary, whatever his standing at home or his personal qualities, has been "persona non grata." Whether this state of affairs will alter with the newly- changed conditions remain^ to be Been. When "Reform" Struck Shanghai. One further explanatory point should be noted before describing Judge Wilfley's sensational reforms. Gam­ bling has always been a Shanghai vice. During "race week" in spring and fall, it has been rampant. All kinds of gambling have been open and unashamed. There is nothing la the western world to which this caa be likened; foreign gentlemen, for­ eign riff-raff, Chinese gentlemen, Cbl democracy about the tables of chance and mischance. Back of the worst of these fleecing schemes were Amer­ icans. Last spring an aqtl-gambllng cru­ sade was skillfully conducted, Rob­ ert E. Lewis,' the Young Men's Chris­ tian association secretary, being one of the prime workers In It. Without going into details, it is enough to say that the leading citizens who com­ prise the municipal council were sub­ jected to such pressure that they out­ lawed all race week gambling, *ex- cept betting upon the races within the club house grounds. This was an enormous stride for reform, and the next step, the total abolition of gam­ bling and licensed vice of any sort is inevitable and near. So Shanghai, the city where "everything goes" was acquainted with reform and made ready, psychologically, for the ad­ vent of the man of the hour. Enter the Man with the Square Jaw. Then came Jove with his thunder­ bolts. Nobody out here, or else­ where, apparently, had paid any par­ ticular attention to the creation by congress last year of a new United States circuit court for China. So its staff was on the scene before the significance of th6 event was at all understood. The judge appointed by the president was the one man above all others preeminently qualified for his task. Judge Wilfley had gone with Gov. Taft to the Philippines as district attorney. He had set the legal machinery in motion there, and had run out of the islands a lot of vicious camp followers, big and lit­ tle, who were exploiting the Filipinos and soldiers, and making trouble gen­ erally. Judge Wilfley is a quiet man, with a goodly frame, a square jaw and an even disposition; a man not given to delivering homilies from the bench or announcing his intentions beforehand or explaining Ills actions afterward. He Is the sort of man to scour the United States escutcheon in Shanghai, where it has been more than a little tarnished in times past by Americans, official and unoffi­ cial. The day after his arrival he calm­ ly announced that American * lawyers who expected to practice in his court must pass examination as to their professional qualifications, and pre­ sent certificates of their moral char­ acter. That would seem an innocent enough procedure, warranted by prac­ tice in the United States, until one has heard described the type of legal shysters who for the most part infest Shanghai, making its badness worse. Eight men attempted the examination. Six of them failed ignominiously to attain an average of 60, out of a possible 100. It is said by those close to the judge that had these men passed the examination, all but one of them would have been disbarred on the basis of character. At least one of them is a renegade from the Phil­ ippines, and had before felt Judge Wilfley's hand. t . Consternation Among Crooks. Here waB a sensation for Shanghai. The rejected men had been doing business in this city for many years; their records were, presumably, an open book, so there is significance in the fact that I have been able to find nobody to question the essential jus­ tice of the court's action. Naturally, the men cannot practice in the Brit­ ish court, and their "face" is gone utterly. This swift, summary, om­ inous action set Shanghai's under­ world agog. What would this as yet uncomprehended judge do next? Nobody had to wait long to dis­ cover. Basing his action on the com­ mon law, Judge Wilfley summoned be­ fore him Ifelght proprietresses of the most Influential resorts. One es­ caped by pleading Spanish citizenship, which the district attorney was un­ able to disprove. The Spanish conr sul issued certificates for two "Amer­ ican girls," but they were ig­ nored by the court, and he afterwards attempted to withdraw them. The girls pleaded guilty, thus leaving the Spanish consul In an unpleasant pre­ dicament. So all the accused except one were given a fine of $1,000 each, which was more eloquent than many lectures. The immediate result was to send post-haste out of Shanghai and out of China more than half a hun­ dred "American girls," whose reign in the east seems now to have been for­ ever broken. Of course all this is revolutionary here. When supposedly respectable Britishers and Americans objected, the judge drily remarked that America is willing to surrender the monopoly of this sort of trade and reputation. (Copyright, 1907, by Joseph B. Bowles.) PLAN OF COW ST rtu ST. LOUIS HAS A SEVERE ATTACK OF Tli£, AESTHETICS. Elaborate Plans Laid for the. Improve­ ment of the Great atid Growing Metropolis on the . Mississippi. .2 St Louis is credited wftfi l&ving a real case of the Aesthetics. She has a consuming ambition to shine before tlXe world at no distant day as the City Beautiful. The present plans for the building of a million dollar public library building has served to bring the whole matter into prominence, and it is known that a large and influen­ tial body of optimistic residents of the mound city, who believe that tbeir ambitious burg will Increase in population from its present 750,000 to twice that figure in the next twenty years, have planned a comprehensive scheme of civic centres, public build­ ings, waterfront improvements, parks parkways which, if carried out, will make that Mississippi Valley metrop­ olis one of the show places of North America. The committee studied the beet sides of New York< Paris, Dres­ den, Algiers and several other cities, and then incorporated the beauties of all these cities in a plan for the re­ construction of their own. Most important of the features of the plan to beautify $t. Louis Is a proposed park about which will be erected a group of municipal buildings. This will be the administrative center of the city. The city hall, already erected, and the new courthouse build- in, for which the sum of $2,000,000 was recently voted, are included in this group, as is also the $1,000,000 library building, plans for which have just been accepted. In addition, other buildings will be erected as they are needed by the city, all of them facing on a parkway with long lines of trees and shrubs, grassplots, fountains, and statuary. Here also may be built, ac­ cording to the Civic League, "quasi- public edifices," which, though con­ structed by private enterprise, yet have a certain public character, such as theaters and hotels. The archi­ tecture of these buildings would be made to conform to that of the munic­ ipal structures. In addition to the central group of administrative buildings, the Civic League of St. Louis advocates the con­ struction of numerous neighborhood centers in the various parts of the city, in which different public, semi- public and private Institutions which have for their object and aim the mental, moral or physical improve­ ment of the district may be located. In such a center, for Example, would be situated a public school, a public library, a park and playground, a pub­ lic bath, model tenement houses, so­ cial settlement houses, churches, the homes of atheletic or social organiza­ tions, a police station ivnd a lire en­ gine house. ., j That part of the river front which is most used for' business--where the steamships load and unload their car* goes, where the railroads have exten- live terminals and whore factories and warehouses are crowded together --is to be Improved, according to the scheme of the Civic I/eague, on a most Imposing scale. By means of stairways, drives and broad esplan­ ades, it is tb be made to resemble the peculiarly artistic waterfront of the city of Algiers. Ugly railroad tracks are to be hidden underneath a roof, upon which will flourish the trees, shrubs and flowers of a park. The warehouses are to have symmet rical proportions and a certain pala> tlal statpliness. The next step in' this proponed im­ provement of St. Louis will he thf T AN ICE HOUSE FOB FARM. When Ptannlng It, Be Sure aiwl Don't Get It Too Small. The farmer In planning his ice house should not make the mistake in building too small, especially if he lives in my locality, excepting the extreme northern states. It is not eo much a question of how much ice he needs for family use, but how much is going to waste and whether it will last through the hot season until cool weather arrives again. A large block of ice will last much longer relatively than one somewhat smaller. Fifteen feet square on the outside should be about the size to build an ice house for the farm. Allowing J%' feet for the tspace between the two walla and' the space between the inner wall and the ice, this will give a block of ice 12 feet square, and if it is 12 feet high it will contain theoretically 52 tons, but in practice not more than 40 to 46 tons, according to how closely it is /aid. The loss of ice from melting is very great in all ordinary ice houses, and especially Is this true Where it is taken out daily in such small pieces as is usually the case. Th$ house should be built above ground and if it can be placed where it will be protected fifom the noon­ day sun by shade trees, It vin be found to be of advantage, says the Orange Judd Farmer. A low cost ice house can be built with ordinary Central Section of the New Library] lumber and by any one handy with Building. j tools. The essentials to be observed are: First, drainage belqw-and ven- new library. Simplicity is the keynote I uiation above; second, a perfectly of Cass Gilbert's successful design, tight foundation. Warm air rises and utility being kept uppermost. The lf a current of warm air gets started building is to be two stories high, through the ice it will cause quick with a high basement. Plenty of day- meltlnc- Tkird, a reasonably double light is a prominent 'feature, a laYge wau surrounding the Ice on sides and open court in the interior providing I top. ' for this and also for ventilation. To I The foundation should be made of the rear of the building will be a I bxick, concrete or stone masonry, and seven story stack room, each story be-1 whidh sills 2x8 should be bedded Ing of the ordinary height of book-1 jn cement. On this erect 2x8 studding shelves, and all of its floors of trans-1 inches apart. On the inside for lucent glass. Stairways and book lifts will provide means of communi­ cation. The capacity of the stack room will be 201,600 volumes and the entire library 750,000 books. The building will be set in a small park, and at the same time the plans the inner wall %-inch sheathing mate­ rial may be used of almost any kind of lumber. Some durable wood is to be preferred, as these boards are apt to decay quickly. For the out­ side good novelty siding may be used. It should be free from knOtholes and Building Which Will Prove CMIV«nN ' ent and Sanitary. The ground plan of a cow stable; ^ shown herewith w&s suggested to A ! >" farmer who desired to build a barn '. .- upon the side of the hill. Hie floor V plan contemplates two rows of cows instead of one in the south, exposed end, of the building, and a root cellar, ^ i a cool room and dairy room separated by a hallway from the cow stable, if! in the back portion of the building and therefore in the bank. The Plan if- BALUUY S»-\ branch libraries. FIGHT UNDER WATER NEW BRANCH OF THE NAVAL SERVICE AND ITS MISSION. Plan by Which the American Harbors Will be Protected from the At­ tack From Foreign Navies. are susceptible of further ornamenta- cracks. The rafters should be 2x4, with tion at any time. The board pf trus- sheathing on the underside. It is tm- tees has set aside for the erection of I port ant to have air space between the building $1,200,000, of which I shingles and sheathing beneath the $500,000 was given by Andrew Carne-1 rafters, as everyone knows how hot it gie. The rest of the $1,000,000 which j gets under a barn roof In summer. The Mr. Carnegie gave to St. Louis he | space between the two walls on the stipulated should he used in building J fOUI. sj(jes may be left emp^y if the outer inclosure is very tight, as a dead air space is one of the best nonconduc­ tors. But it will not be a dead air space if there are holes or-cracks in the siding, but the • air will circulate and prove of little value as a noncon­ ductor. If the ground on which the house is situated is of a gravelly, porous na­ ture, no provision- need be made for Submarine artillery has been or­ ganized as a division of our. navaP service to defend the harbors and sea­ port cities." It is to be a highly spec­ ialized service, involving *he applica­ tion of three distinct sciences--optics, electricity, and the chemistry of high explosives. Though nominally a part of the Coast Artillery, which mans the forts along the Beaboard, the submarine ar­ tillery Is to all intents and purposes a separate organization. As estab- j lished by congress, It comprises a lit­ tle less than five thousand enlisted men, spilt up Into forty-four compan­ ies, five lieutenant colonels, thirteen majors, fifty-six captains, and one hun­ dred and three lieutenants. The duty of the corps is primarily to plant and operate explosive mines, and to protect them in time of war against attack by the enemy. In or­ der to accomplish the latter task ef­ fectively It 1b necessary to cover the mine fields from the shore with rapid fire guns, and to watch them at night with the help of huge searchlights. Whence it comes about quite naturally, that part of the business of this arm of the service consists ki managing the searchlights and manning the small guns in question. It should be understood that our coast fortresses, ^wherever located, are so placed as to command the channels of entrance to harbors. No matter how formidable such defensive works may be, however, hostile warships might succeed in running by them, if care were not taken to plant mines beneath the water over which they would have to pass. It Is an easy and effective precaution, a scientifi­ cally arranged mine field being an ob­ stacle so dangerous that not even the strongest fleet, unless under a fool­ hardy commander, would dare to cross it. At the present time most of our har­ bors enjoy no such protection, unfor­ tunately. But congress has at last awakened to the importance of the matter, and a half dozen years from now the system will have been so far protected that within 48 hours after warning is received of an outbreak of hostilities every one of our sea­ ports will be defended by mine fields impassable by the most powerful foe. Meanwhile the requisite mines, elec trie cables and other apparatus are being manufactured as rapidly as pos­ sible; and the personnel of the new Ice House Wall. drainage, as the water will be absorb­ ed as fast as the Ice melts. Other wise, the floor should be graded oif, so as to slope to one point, where sur submarine artillery, which is to have] P*us note<* may taken °ff by means charge of the entire outfit, is receiv-1 a trapped outlet pipe to exclude all nese riff-rafT (not to mention women ||W of the official figures from of any nationality) in a ing the rudiments of a very compre­ hensive technical education in the art of fighting under water. The mines employed for the pur­ pose are hollow spheres of galvanized iron, 32 Inches In diameter, filled with either guncotton or dynamite. They are anchored a few feet below the sur­ face of the water, fn a series of lines (as far apart as may be deemed judi­ cious) across a channel, and, as a rule they are set, in each line, 75 to 80 feet apart. Thus arranged and controlled by electricity from the fort on shore they can hardly fail to destroy any hostile warship that might attempt to pass them. If by good luck she got through one line safely she could scarcely thread her way through another. Congress, as already stated, has provided the necessary men. As. for the apparatus. It will cost about $3, 500,000 to supply it for all the har­ bors from Portland, Main to Puget Sound, and of this sum only $575,000 has been appropriated. An additional $2,897,000 will benneeded for search­ lights. REGARDING MARS. Cat In a Mine. After spending two yeafra in the depths of a coal mine a cat owned by James Warke of Ashley, has returned to him. The cat was such an invet­ erate thief that Mrs. Warke insisted two years ago that it should be killed or lost. Several attempts to lose it. failed, and Warke, who is a miner, then put him In a bag and took him to one of the lowest levels of the No. 20 colliery. There he flourished and grew fat. There was fine hunting, the big mine rats being numerous and dar­ ing. Recently the mine was shut down, and as there was no more grain In the stables the rats left. Now there Is no more hunting, and the cat made its appearance at Warke's home. How it got out of the mine is a mystery. •top and Then Rush. Where will woman stop?" asks the Roanoke World. Wherever there ap­ pears an ad reading, "Was $7; no* -- P « f f H Mars is inhabited again. How do we know? Prof. Perclval Lowell has said so, and whatever Percy says may be counted on as an _ honest-to-good- ness fact. There's no possible doubt about It this time, because Perclval has squinted through his glasses and seen at least 59 canals construct«yl for Irrigation purposes, to say noth- "ing of hen coops five-cent vaudeville thea ters, dusty streets, autos break­ ing the speed limit, and other evi­ dences of civilisation. . Perclval also says that Mara is growing somewhat aged and dry. Hor­ rors! Putting aside age, think of a nice place like Mars getting dry. (Walter, draw two for Mars.) From our savant we have it that the dry' ness is caused by the departure of rain and dew, but the dear professor fails to inform us whether the rain and dew got sick of their jobs and hiked for more congenial surround ings, or just naturally petered out. Anyway, it was a mean thing for the rain and dew to do. (Don't mi83 that.) | ind so to Mars, feeble and dry, we j extend our heartfelt sympathy, the sympathy of one who has lived in a land of milk and honey, planked whiteflsh, and other delicacies. Would that we might extend a helping hand to those far-off planets. Poor Mars!-- Milwaukee Sentinel. air while allowing the water to escape. The opening of the house should be­ gin about four feet from the ground and extend upward nearly to the top of the roof. The outer may be made in two or three sections, and the in ner inclosure supplied by boards cross­ wise, pVit In as the house is filled and taken out as it is emptied. It is a mis­ take to provide too'much ventilation. For an ordinary house Moot square openings at each end under the apex of the roof are sufficient, and it would be of advantage to provide for closing these on warm days. In filling the house never lay the Ice on the ground. The warmth of the earth will melt the ice continu­ ously. The cakes of ice should be laid Qn old rails or any kind of tim­ ber. Straw.or cornstalks are not good, as they crnsh tightly to the earth, and get wet, and water is a good conductor of heat. The ice on. the pond should be worked out carefully and the blocks made of uniform dimensions^ In lay­ ing, the joints should be broken and a space of 8 to 12 inches should be left between the Ice and the*wall. This may be filled with straw, the same material being used to cover over the top of the ice after the house is filled. The house should be painted white. An ice house 15 feet square and 11 high will require approximately the following amounts of lumber: 26 pieces 2 bv 8 inches by 12 feet,eight pieces 2 by 8 inches by 15 feet, 14 pieces 2 by 6 inches by 10 feet, 720 feet sheathing, 850 feet siding, 900 feet shingles. It will cost at present prices of lumber about $80, independent of the foundation. Ground Plan of Dairy Barn. further contemplates the placing of the icehouse above the cool room, and the root cellar so that, without mov­ ing the Ice, a cool room adjacent to the dairy room can be pro­ vided, all under one roof. A drive* way into the barn on the second floofr is indicated on the uphill side, which would permit roots to be unloaded through the floor into the root cellar, hay and grain to be put into the barn above, and the Ice into the ice-cham­ ber, or the ice can be filled in from the cutside if that is more desirable. With the icehouse over the cool room and root cellar a feed room can be provided over the dairy room, if that is desired. With such a plan the barn on the north end and on the east side would be entirely befbw the ground for the first story to the south of the driveway. The* cow stable would be - above ground so as to have easy ac­ cess and abundance of light, and the hallway and dairy room would be ground far enough to give an abun­ dance of light. The whole structure as planned would have dimensions 32 feet wide by 70 feet long, the, root cel­ lar being 13 by 22 inside. If less num­ ber of cows are desired the building may be proportionately shortened. If It is desired to have all compart­ ments named single story and the Ice on the ground floor, the Rural New Yorker suggests that it might be bet­ ter to adopt the same general floor plan, but to widen the back end of the building so as to drop the lqe- house in between the dairy room and cool room and the root cellar so that one ' side of the icehouse could be brought against the cool room, and it would probably be better to make the floor of the dairy room and cool room far enough below the bottom of the icehouse so that th© drainage from the icehouse and cold air from it can be taken into the cool room. The wall of the root cellar may be made common to the stable and the cellar and this portion of the wall need not, be hollow, as the necessary warmth would be provided for by contact with the stable, so the wall between the root cellar and the cool room need not be hollow, but If the Icehouse Is dropped down so as to stand between the root cellar and the cool room the icehouse wall would have to be hollow all around except on the side, adjacent to the cocfl room, which would need to be solid fer its cooling; c"ect on the room. ' TREATMENT OF CALF 8GOURS. Sudden. What name?" asked the young woman at the launrdy office, as she took the customer's bundle William Arrimee," answered the customer. I Destroying Rata. "I don't know," said the young I The following advice on conquer- woman, staring at him. "I might. I ing the rat pest Is given In the New But ain't you pretty tolerably famil-1 York Farmer: "By the persistent use iar on short acquaintance?"--Chicago I Gf traps, occasional resort 40 poison Tribune. I and the exercise of forethought in the construction of farm buildings so as to minimize the opportunities for harborage, farmers and others may Prof. R- 9. Shaw Gives His Remedy \ for the Ailment. There are some interesting things in connection with that, for instance, witji calf scours. Those side issues are being worked out very carefully. I might throw out this suggestion that if you have trouble of that kind with calves, one of the best things we have used and are using almost altogether with which to suppress outbreaks of calf scours, is ft mixture of tincture of rhubarb, camphor and opiate, equal pfcrts in hot water, about a teaspoonful. One of the most interesting recoveries I have erer seen was about three weeks age in the case of a calf that scoured and wa* so near ddfth the feet were stretched out cold and stiff, and there was every symptom of death. The call was treated in that way -twice, then was fed with raw eggs and milk occa­ sionally and he recovered. He was th£ sickest calf I ever r.aw, so sick his hair all came off after a week or ten days, hut he is one of the best feeders we have In the hunch to-day; A Clear Conscience. Mra. Goodwin--My husban* never does anything he would be anhamed I prevent the greater part of the loss for me to know about. I and annoyance they now experience Mrs. Gayboy--How do you know 1 from rat depredations. The same thft? | statement applies In great measure to Mrs. Goodwin--Because he never - city and village conditions. Hence looks guilty when I tell hhn he has ' cooperation in the warfare on rata la been talking la U» sleep,--Chicag 11 particularly important and cannot be, Dailv News. * » too stroogli urge4. Aged Eggs. Eggs preserved four years in watei glass, were recently examined by an expert of the United States agricultu­ ral department and found to have an ' unpleasant taste or smell and th«*- white coagulated In cooking. At thia age there is a slight taste like soda, and the white is pink in color and very liquid. Eggs kept In water glass about six months tasted and smelled like well-kept eggs a few days old. Changes in preserved eggs take place gradually and at one year old are hardly noticeable. Out of 384 dozen eggs put up between April and June and sold between October and December, only five dozen or 1.3 per cent, were bad, and these were crack­ ed and broken. Sweet Skim Milk. * If all milk Is hauled to the cream­ eries In a sweet condition and pas­ teurized the farmers will be able to always haul awty perfaoOv c«Mt skim milk. i \ •M Kcii Ma f. • i" • .C^ ' V*-. \ i J 'A."- -u: v. ,L*ljzk .r.-vlsj);5