'M 'W. :' 'fei s'" ON THE TRAIL OF THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY Br WILLIAM T. ELLIS b Tr*T«Bnf Arsaai th* WorM for th« PurpuMi of l>win»« Fot«i(B MfftHrrn-r from a Purely Diaintereated, Secular and Noo-StcUriu St«m4poi»t. Illustrated with Drawings and from ?hoto*raph*. China Does Not Want Missionary, But Needs Him b % • & Hong-Kong, China.--Exclaims the rferviJ missionary speaker, "China's millions are crying for the Gospel." Rubbish! China's millions would like to throw 'Christianity into the Yellow sea, and they would have a fete day ia the {banishment or murder of every mis sionary within the borders of the Mid dle Kingdom, if they had their way. It is only the fear of foreign gun- l>oats and armies that makes China endure the missionary. Everybody in -China knows that, be be missionary, Merchant or legationer. The untruth fulness of the sort of sentimental -presentation of the missionary cause 'that is SO frequently indulged in throughout Christendom is clearly un- •ideretood and earnest]}* deplored, by •every thinking missionary. China does not want missionaries «r missions, Sir Ernest Satow was right when he declared that China 4oes not desire the spiritual side of -western civilization. Not for & min- -ote. From the shrewd, unforgetting •old tigress on the throne down to the Ignorant, superstitious, ox-like coolie ^straining at a horse's load, the Chi nese people may be said to be prac tically one in not desiring the "Jesus way." True, they now want the ap pliances of western civilization, to make more effective their old spirit, -as when the officials of North Central China conspired by telegraph against foreign-administered famine relief. Put the principles of Christian civili zation they care for not at all. room in a Chinese Inn, or your sleep ing shelf on a Chinese boat. I can scarcely imagine any power short of a supernatural religion, that can clear up the Chinese, even externally. As for his inward, mental and spiritual filthiness, that must be passed over in silence. To hear, and understand, one Chinese as he reviles another is to discover a new and horrible world of corrupt imaginings. Making Sport of Suffering. The first day we landed in China, we saw some children having fine sport In killing a kitten by the gentle process of jumping upon it. The im pression then formed has been stead ily deepened, that the Chinese are *\ cruel people, cruel to dumb creatures, but crueller to one another. The statement is almost warranted that here is a nation without a sense of pity or sympathy. A roadside death is a pastime for the bystanders. When a coolie was cut clear in half by the swinging of a heavy steel plate against the hatchway of a shit at Tien-Tsin on which he was working, his work fellows laughed heartily. As our ship was being warped into her moorings at Shanghai a boatman fell overboard, and the crowd laughed; although he spoiled the point of the joke by managing to scramble out. At an execution I saw crowds pressing eagerly about the headless trunk of the victim, and laughing merrily over his fate. One must hear on the spot the unreport- able fiendishness of the Chinese mobs toward massacred missionaries to realize the unfathomable depths of Chinese cruelty. The gentleness of Jesus, who taught: "Blessed are the merciful." is sadly needed in China. A Nation of Liars. The "truth in the Inward parts" which is supposed to accompany Christianity is utterly lacking in Desires Versus Needs. China does not want the western Teligion. But does she need it? Ah! ^hat is another story. While there is almost no basis for the enormous mis sionary propaganda In the desires of the people, there is abundant warrant 'for it In their necessities. As little W* \ *v, *•. s..s; y* ' X m Chinese Family Dining White Surrounded by Indescribable Filth. 'pi • ms a dirty small boy desires a "scrub bing, be still requires it; so with this •ast nation. Let me, after a careful Investigation that has ranged through many cities and villages, from remod eled Peking to little settlements in the remote interior ^hich have no place ©n the maps, indicate a few of the rea sons why, in the eyes of an ordinary man of common sense, the presence of the missionaries, those pioneers of civilization, is justifiable in China. China is dirty. The first day I landed on her shores I said that her .greatest apparent and immediate qaeed wa3 400,000,000 cakes of soap and an ocean of disinfectant. On this gtoint I am writing to uncomprehend ing readers; for America can never twderstand or imagine the unspeak able filthiness of the Chinese, in their persons, In their clothes, in their dwellings and in their streets. It is almost impossible to hint at the true estate of affairs in any publication less ^unlicensed than a medical journal. The tour-st who "does'" China, by passing through the port cities stop ping at the lig hotels--although these are bad enough, in all conscience-- can have no understanding olf what China's dirtiness means. Only those •who live or travel in the interior can •comprehend this. I have found many .reasons for admiring the missionary '"body as a whole; none of these is ^greater than the manner in which <they maintain, amid such mist.able .-surroundings, the ideals and stand ards and practices of cultivated Amer ican life, To be a lady in interior China is to be a heroine, ^ohn Chinaman Too Much for Germs. The germ theory is all upset by a •tudy of China. By all the laws of modern medical science, the country •should be continually ravaged by de structive plagues. The Chinese seem to grow fat on germB; tHey eat them . alive, as they also eat, in order to "Set back the.r blood," certain uQ- ^ creatures which they pick toy the dozen from their persons and raiment. "China's millions" is a Stood, reputable missionary phrase at . Atotoe; out here it is used to desig- the uncounted guests with whom are obliged to share your bare China. This is a nation of liars. Not to lie is considered foolishness. There is nowhere the Anglo-Saxon assump tion that the other man is playing a fair game; you simply have to match him in guile or suffer. The incon venience, the annoyance, the exasper ation of having to live surrounded with consummate liars must be ex perienced to be appreciated. Take one of countless incidents, as illustrative; the fare from Chin- kiang to Nanking by boat is two dol lars. Upon buying my return ticket I was told by the official that it was four dollars; when the gentleman who was escorting me to the boat, a mis sionary, made it plain that he was no unposted traveler, the man promptly and without embarrassment, accepted the right fare. That missionaries man age to maintain their simplicity and open-heartedness in this land of guile is a marvel of religion's power. Being a liar, the Chinese is also, logically, a thief. That steamship clerk thought no more of stealing two dollars from a stranger than the vice roy thinks of "squeezing" the public revenues. He would also doubtless have worked off his counterfeit money In change, bad change been required. On that very occasion I discovered, by the refusal of a Chinese to accept It, that I had one of the innumerable counterfeit coins with which the land Is flooded. When I threw it into the river the surrounding -Chinese plainly looked as if they tUought that I should be thrown after it, as a fool and a madman. Simple honestly in most matters seems beyond the Chinese ken, although they have a scrupulous ness about keeping contracts once made, and about fulfilling trusts, which has been frequently and justly praised. No Wortc for Cupid. One day a certain native pastor was pointed out to me a3 a man who really loved his wife. This was considered so rare as to be noteworthy. Mar riage here is a matter of barter and convenience. Yesterday I dined with a progressive official whose head wife sat at table with us, in concession to western ways, while his three sub ordinate wives stood around the room, or peeped in at the doorway, and two of his pretty little slave girls waited on the table. The family feel ing, or rather clan feeling, is not based primarily on affection, but mutual self-interest. The quarrel someness of the Chinese family is patent to the ears of every resident. If any one thinks that the ordinary Chinese woman, especially after she becomes a mother-in-law, is a crushed and down-trodden sister, he should hear her in action for five minutes. No man is better able to look out for himself than this same small-footed creature. The absence of anything approach ing the home life known to America or Great Britain is a conspicuous fact about China. The cities are noisy, not with traffic, for they have none, of our ear-splitting' western . sort, but with the perpetual and everywhere- present sounds of squabbling and strife. Here it is "Every man for him self, and the devil take the hinder- most' Only yesterday as I ^ rode along the street in a rickshaw, I saw a grown man trying to steal a bundle of old straw fuel from a group of tots whose ages must have ranged from four to eight. And the furious fashion in which they were assailing him showed ho"w early young China learns to look out for itself. China is a synonym for selfishness. In all these observations I have not had out of mind the virtues of the Chinese--their patience, their indus try, their frugality, the obedienco to authority and their respect for the established order. All these: have been magnified In their place. The present design is simply to point out certain deficiencies which Christian ity, ideally, at least, would remedy. Missionaries would not be wanted in China, but they are needed. Are the Christians Better? A study of the facts compels the statement that in the case of many na tive converts these objectionable Chi nese characteristics have been elim inated, showing that Christianity really has the power to make over the people. From one viewpoint this is the crux of the missionary, question. Are these converts genuine? Do they display the virtues which are com monly supposed to accompany ihe Christian religion? While it is true, as the oldest liv ing missionary to the Chinese said to me recently, that "There are more heathen in China to-day than there- were when Robert Morrison began work 100 years ago," owing to the in crease in population, yet there is also a body of native Christians whose faith is ineradicable. The Boxer movement convinced China that Christianity among her people is here to stay, and cannot be stanjped out. These native Christians are for the most part sincere and steadfast Sub tracting all those who may in any way be called "rice Christians" and who, so far as I can ascertain, ane a de cided minority, there remains a body of men and women who have been made over by Christianity. The light in their faces alone is enough to mark them. Repeatedly, in various parts of the empire, I have seen hundreds such; some I have come to know per sonally. The unpleasant traits of their fellow countrymen which have just been enumerated have been cast off by them; they bear the marks by which sincere disciples of the Naza- rene have been distinguished in all ages. Slow, hard and discouraging are the labors of the missionary, but a handful of such converts are his re ward. Despite the dead weight of inertia which continually confront* him, and the more or less active op position and hostility of the people as well, he is steadily winning his way, undercutting the foundations of th« oli creeds, disseminating a new spir it of understanding, tolerance and sympathy among the people, and pre paring for the advent of that day, whose dawning he confidentjy ex pects, when the century of Gospel seed-sowing In China will bear fruit in a great harvest of conversions. (Copyright, by Joseph B. Bowles.) ERICAS HOME "A.RADF0RD' EDITOR Mr. William A. Radford will answer questions and give advice FREE OP COST on all subjects pertaining to the subject of building for the readers of this paper. On account of his wide expe rience as Editor, Author and Manufac turer, he is, without doubt, the highest authority on all these subjects. Address all inquiries to William A. Radford, No. 194 Fifth Ave., Chicago, 111., and only enclose two-cent stamp for reply. A medium-sized, square-built house 24x30 feet on the ground, Is given in this plan. For economy in space and careful planning of the rooms to uti lize the l^st Inch to advantage this plan Is exceptionally good. Twenty-four by thirty feet is not a very large plan to work into seven rooms, besides a good bathroom, plenty of closets and a good lower hall with an open stairway. Yet these rooms are as large as the average rooms in new houses, as houses go at the present time, and they are a good deal larger than some. Years ago rooms were larger, but that was when building materials and labor were very much cheaper than they are now. A builder can almost tell the age of a house by the size of the rooms. But there are other contributing causes; one is that we understand building better, and it Is not necessary to build so large to get the same amount of comfort. As one lady expressed it, "I have learned to like my small kitchen. There are places for everything and I don't have to walk so much." We have learned how to ventilate houses so that the air in small rooms in new houses is better than the air in large rooms in houses built 20 or 30 years ago. One reason for better ven tilation is that houses now are set up well from the ground. It Is a rare thing to see a new house less than three feet above grade and many of them are more than four feet up. There was a time when cellars were confined to one corner of the house and they were often dark, damp, dingy affairs, but modern houses practically all have cellars the full size of the house, divided into compartments; one for the furnace, one for coal and one for the storage of fruit and vegetables. A furnace in the cellar is in itself a splendid ventilator; it keeps the cellar Of. Fancy balconies and odd-shaped roofs look well when they sire new, but such things seldom ^rear well. For steady diet there is •Rhing so satis factory as plain bread and butter, meat and potatoes. "A little cake and a few candles may be all right by way of variety, but you can't live on such things. You build a good, solid, plain, square house that is light, airy, well ventilated and easily heated and you have something to be satisfied With as Jong as you live. But you let some architect coax you into building some fancy gothic arrangement or add a lot of gewgaws to an otherwise sensible 1--- i jj ii i ii I ICL.f I ©2ro Kw 8 dRFC)'KM. I //-<£>- I"* ,<9>r 9-G' 1 ] , fo cz.O.5 IO.O*) sen T^ooai asc JROOA7 /ao~x.//-<s Second Floor Pi|n plan and you will have a job of alter ations on your hands before many years. A study of these rooms will convince any one that this plan offers a good deal of comfort for the amount of money the house will cost. Com mencing with the front hall, there is a good-looking open stair that is light ed both from the top and from the bottom, a feature that you do not al ways meet with. Then there is a closet for coats and room behind this and under the main stair for an en trance to the cellar from the kitchen. It is a good hall, big enough without * I _ */ ft S&S '-r*:; #•*}>< -*w S t e w *•' • * V R ; 1 ' ' Yf M < • i telili S <1 MOTOR FIRE ENGINE ;,;v •&-/ • 4. 8UPPLANTIWS TH* ft&ITHFUL HORSE |N THE lAfitie CITIES. Boston Has Two of the Machines, and Other Cities Are Experimenting Witt Them at the ' Time. , In Hamburg, Germany, the fire en- Sines are all horseless, and while doubtless it will be many long years before the buzz wagon has entirely supplanted the horse in the fire serv ice of the large cities of this country, the innovation has begun. Boston al ready has two such motor fire engines, and other cities are experimenting with them. Conditions In Hamburg are ideal for an automobile fire service, as Its streets are well-paved and level, and most of the buildings are compara tively modern, and a large number are of the "slow burning" type. These are conditions which are not found in many of the American cities, and hence render, the use of the horseless fire engine at present impracticable. In Hamburg labor, fuel and alcohol are cheap, and it is not at all surpris ing that horseless engines and appa ratus bave succeeded there, and that the balance in favor of the automobile fire engine service for one year, as compared with the horse apparatus was $14,399. Boston is a different problem. The opinion of department head3 on the efficacy of the automobile apparatus for Boston Is based on experience with these. These two 'great engines do effi ciently the work they are called upon to do. When there is a conflagration in the heart of the city, where build ings are huge and a great volume of water is needed, then the cry goes up for the horseless engines. They make an ordinary engine look almost like a toy when they settle into the serious business of putting out a fire. But the trouble is they cost more; they present great difficulties in getting about in certain quarters and in cer tain weather, and only experts can handle them. The average horse engine of the Boston fire department throws from 950 to'1,100 gallons of water a minute. The horseless engine throws from 1,350 to 1,550 gallons. In serious fires--the horseless en gines go only to the two-alarm fires or worse--these huge fire engines are in- loort, "oxOfL dispensable. Wat they can never t* used for the average building in th|(l suburbs or the residential' sections. They are too strong. If they started to play a stream of water on an ordJ* nary structure they would do almost,; as much damage as the flre, for door Windows and partitions of wood be smashed in. At the present time there Is one oi| Jection to the horseless engine whlcft; overshadows all the others. Its radjk us of action is very, very limited, b£ ing dependent upon the water and fuel it can carry. A great number would be required of all sizes and of varying power in order to make an ef- B One of the Horseless Fire Engines. ficient fire protection service. This is the explanation of it. Each horseless engine can carry only a limited quantity of water on ft run. In the case of the Mason stre^ : engine, 120 gallons would tax its ci- > pacity to the utmost. Now, 120 gafc; -v.. Ions would never carry the engine •• beyond two miles at the outside. '• When ^that is gone, the engine mutt put in a hydrant convenient, the ap- - paratus would be stranded. Each time it stops to take water valuable min utes are lost. The horseless engines are what are ̂ known as Amoskeag engines. One ̂ was bought in 1897 and the other i& 1898. Their capacity as tested by th#i ; underwriters, is 1,350 gallons of watejv a minute each, but they have actually beaten this by 200 gallons. Each has 5% pumps, 8-inch stroke and 9% incir cylinder. The cost of such an engine is 16.500. The ordinary horse engine costs about $5,200. BELL TETRAHEDRALS ARE THEY TH^E KEY TO SOLUTION OF AIR NAVIGATION? The Great Inventor Believes That With Them the Heavier-Than- Air Ship Can Be Built. I dry and' warm, and the heat from it will force ventilation. Then the cir- ' culation of air in the pipes and through ! the registers carries the warm circu- I lating medium to every corner In the i building. Nine out of ten of the small- | er houses probably are heated by i means of a hot air furnace, and there I is no better heating apparatus for a house of this size. Another improvement in the modern house is in making larger chimneys and putting more flues in them. There is a constant current of air golug up Reviving a Tired Honey Bee. The honey bee is proverbially Indus trious. When everything goes well with it no form of animal life has more vigor, works more zealously, nor defends its home more bravely. But the bee soon loses its activity when separated from its home so that it cannot return, as, for example, when it gets into a room and fails to find Its way out. Cold rain or lack of food also soon puts it into a feeble or ex hausted condition, making it appear as if it were discouraged. But nearly all of its usual activity may be re stored by a little sugar or honey.-- St Nicholas Magazine. The Lesson of Life. There is nothing so absolutely crushing in sorrow as to feel one's ?elf drifting at the mercy of some chance wave, sweeping forward to an un known shore. But a great calm set ties down upon us when we realize that life is a school-house in which we are being taught by our Father Himself, who sets our lessons as He sees we require them.--Rev. F. B Meyer. Mark Twain. A. child of the land of the biggest things on earth, bestriding the Atlan tic like a colossus, while the two hem ispheres roll about him shaking with laughter, Mark Twain is the entente cordiale of the Anglo-Saxon people.-- New Age K/7C/-/F/S 9-& >//-<:' /IOCW I //ALl using up a whole lot of unnecessary space. The living room and dining room are supposed to occupy the south or weist side of the house, which is the sunny side, as these rooms are used the most. When it comes to the kitch en and pantry, with a back porch en trance, the arrangement is good and very handy. I do not advocate "putting the kitchen on the north side of the house, because I think a kitchen should be as bright and cheerful a# any other room, but on the other hand a northern or eastern room Is coolel than one facing the south or west, ani you have too much heat in the kitchetf anyway. It is impossible to have everythinf Just exactly right, but take this housf- on the whole the plan is a good one and it is not very expensive. Witt careful management it may be buill in most towns for about $2,000, com plete with piping for gas and electric wiring. An exceptionally good man ager might get the furnace put in and still keep the price within $2,000. -- First Floor Plan through the chimney. If a fine is built right it works night and day, purify ing the air in the house. It don't make any noise and we are liable to forget that it is there, but the work goes on whether we know It and appreciate the fact or not. Thousands of people owe their lives unknowingly to just such protection. I know families who habitually sleep with the windows all down, tight. You may pass their houses at any time of day or night and never see a window open. They trust in Providence to suprply fresh air, and they never know whether the order Is properly filled or not. It is a great thing td have con fidence in somebody or something. You can even enjoy eating sausage and mince pies if you have sufficient confidence in the maker. The general appearance of this house is inclined to plainness, but it is relieved by a good versnda across the front, and that especially fits the gen eral design. Eut it is better to build plain and neat than to attach too many ornament^. There is something about, a plain, neat house, that is well proportioned, that you never get tired Bible Recovered from Sea. A remarkable find was made by a Shields (Eng.) trawler while fishing 50 miles from the Tyne. When the net was hauled on deck a Bible was re covered from the load o£ fish. Inside the book was a ticket of membership tof the Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners Royal Benevolent society, bearing the name of Martin Jensen, 85 Maxwell street, South Shields, and dated January 29, 1907. The Bible, and shipwrecked mari ner's ticket were taken to the address indicated, when Mrs. Jensen at once claimed the Bible and ticket as the property of her husband, who was drowned nearly seven months ago by the foundering of the Tyne collier S£ag. The Bible and ticket were In an excellent state of preservation. Back to Nature. Queer things result from this recent day craze of city folks to get Into the country to live. Volney T. Malott and family are among those who are think ing of the delights of getting back to nature, and they have spent some time looking over the northern end of Marlon county. Not long ago they drove up Millersville way. Coming back they passed a very pretty farm.. "Now, there's a place I should like," suggested Mrs. Malott "That knoll would make an ideal site for the house, and the place could be made quite attractive." "Huh," said Mr. Malott. "tow like th-t, do you ?" • "Yes, Indeed." "That's odd. We've owned thai place 30 years."--Indianapolis News. \ -vet'. ' Is Dr. Alexander Bell's tetrahedral unit to prove the key which will un lock the secret of building the suc cessful heavier-than-air airship? The great inventor believes it will, and Is conducting experiments at Benin Breagh, his magnificent country seat in Nova Scotia. He is confident that a long stride has been taken toward the solution of the problem of aerial navigation In the construction of a three-legged iron tower 75 feet high, which was intended to stand as a practical demonstration of certain novel theories of Dr. Bell in the science of structural strains and stresses. The connection between this tower, with its three skeleton legs of rigid ironwork shouldering into the air, and the hoped-for airship in the peculiar construction of these legs. They are apparantly ordinary truss frame pil lars, such as one may see supporting any great structure qf height. But they are something more; for they are built up of tetrahedral cells or units-- quite formidable in phrase, but quite simple in fact. The tetrahedral unit, as Dr. Bell has termed it, Is a pyramid of triangles. Just as one may form a cube by joining the edgjss of sijc squares, so a tetrahedral unit may be formed by joining the edges of four equal triangles. It is a triangular pyra mid with four similar faces. The pe culiar advantage of this form of con struction lies in the fact that metal bars,, when assembled in this form, can resist a strain or pressure that would cause the same amount of ma terial in any other form to collapse. In its remarkable rigidity it is anal ogous to the diamond frame of the bicycle, in which form the material shows such power of resistance to strain. The tetrahedral units that go to make up the legs of Dr, Bell's unique tower are constructed of four-foot lengths of ordinary gaspipe, about an inch in diameter. Thesf are first firm ly joined into triangles, and four of them bolted rigidly together form one unit, or cell. It is clear that frotti the simplicity of form they can readily be fitted to one another lilse the cells of a honeycomb. The construction of the tower was marvelously simple; so simple that it was not necessary to employ other than unskilled labor. High-priced joiners and fitters were needless. The method was this: A number of the units were assembled and firmly bolt ed together until there stretched along the ground a frame-work about 85 feet long and 8 feet across, made up, to the view, of a multitude of four-foot triangles of gaspipe." The whole formed a rigid truss frame. This was the first leg of the tower. Another leg was then built fa like manner and joined at an acute angle, end to end, with the first leg, making, as they lay upon the ground, a gi gantic V. Beneath the angle formed by the joined ends were placed jack- screws, and the point of the V was lifted to a height sufficient to allow the assembling beneath it of a number of tetrahedral units. These consti tuted the beginning of the third leg. The jackscrews, placed now under these last assembled units, lifted the mass high enough to allow the bull*' ing of another set of units beneath. As group after group of the pyramidal units were built and raised in this simple manner the structure rose In air, until at last the apex stood with its three legs complete, much as the top of a photographer's tripod. But wherein does all this aid ia solving the airship problem? In this: Scientists are agreed that the gas bal- loqn is a neglible quantity in practical aerial navigation. The solution lies In the aeroplane. But in this form of airship a hitherto insurmountable dif ficulty has been found In the neces sity of great rigidity in the framework of the supporting planes or wings and in the Inexorable law of physics that compels an increase of the weight o{ the framework and motive power in a ratio hopelessly disproportionate to the increase in the area " of the sup porting wings. China's Export of Fans. The fan exports of China amount to 11,000,000 a year. SUCH AWFUL RISKS. As the young ftnd beautiful wife stood at the dooi to bid her husband good-by she put her arms around his neck, while a look of painful anxiety came over her face. "Darling," she said, tenderly, be ware of motor cors. Do not cross any street, or you will surely toe run over." "All right, dear." "And remember, darling, not to eat oysters. Every oyster contains 8,000,- 000 horrid germs, and they may all be typhoid." "Very well, dear." "And oh, darling, have you got on your new sanitary underwear, the kind recommende<Lby our family phy sician the day before yesterday?" •'I have;" "And while I think of it, dearest, please dont' use the telephone. I heard yesterday there isn't an anti septic instrument in town." The brave young husband -tarned and faced his thoughtful wife. "Darling," he said, "do you think I bad better go to town at all to-day, in view of all the dangers that threat en me? It Is pay-day, I know; but is it worth while to run such awful risks for the few paltry dollars that I efcill bring home with me?" - * But his wife never faltered. ; ; ! "Yes, dearest," she said. "Go--go. and earn our daily bread. But oh! please don't bring the money home with you until it has been thoroughly sterilized." . He Didn't Care. A boy was slouching along tlis street with his fatherV breakfast in a tin can, when another boy came up to him and gave the can a vigorous kicks "Do you care about ne kicking that can?" said the newcomor. "No, I don't," replied the other boy. "Do you now?" giving the can an other kfek. "No, I don'V'answered the latten. "Do you now?" cried the infuriated young lad. giving the can such a kick that it knocked the bottom cit. "No I don't,' again replied he with the can. "My mother borrowed it yours this moraine"