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'X' "?.r ~ "i.'. • •{• ' " *• j*< >-** *&. v x:̂ v*#?"•->• *,/.1 * i 4 '" * -. * < y v, *-<• ^ *. **a PLAIN POULTRY HOUSES Successful Poultrymen Haf ̂ Humble Beginnings « • V•'iV,-^' ON THE TR AMERICAN AIL OF THE MISSIONARY By WILLIAM T. ELLIS Tfcfc DbtittluMwd American Journalist U Trareihw Around the WotW for th« Purp-- «f lawatintiav Ifct Aaukan foreign Miwontrr from a Purely Disinterested, SecuUr and Non-Sectanan Standpoint. Illustrated with Drawing* and from Photographs. Craze for the Western Learning Sweeping China \m ' •------ d> DOES IT PAY? Shanghai. China.--The man with a gun, representing China's modern army of T5.000 men, is not the most significant figure in the empire to-day ; that place must be accorded to an­ other man in uniform, the student of the western learning. How great and portenrious is the change which has come over this hoary kingdom may be seen in this new educational ferment. China is now committed, irrevocably, to the occidental type of education. After niiUeniums of proud self-suf- ficiency, and an appalling Ignorance of what the v'est considers learning, the old system of education.* consisting of the memorization of the Confucian classics; lifts fallen with a crash, knowledge of these classics was urftil recently t.h' only road to political place and social power: men devoted their lives to an endeavor to pass these examinations, year after year, until the number of candidates be­ yond eighty years of age was very large. All tMs has now become one with China's past; the classical ex­ amination system has been abolished and the famous old examination halls have been razed. To-day all who rise in China must pass through the gate of the western learning. China's Craze for the New Education. The ancient contempt for foreigners and things foreign gave way in 1900; to-day China is almost as zealous for western ways as ever was Japan. There is now existent in this great mass of humanity something ap­ proaching a national consciousness, which perceives that if the nation is to be preserved from extinction it must be by the adoption and adapta have informed me, to send no more students to Japan. Shall America Educate China? There is a strong feeling on the part of most Americans here and of many Chinese, that special effort should be put forth to secure these young men for American colleges. There is a well-defined movement, being pushed both in China and in America, looking toward this end. Many persons favor setting aside the $20,900,000 Boxer in­ demnity for the education of Chinese students. Certainly the nation which trains these young men will be the dominant influence in China a few years hence. As rapidly as possible, China's Jap­ anese teachers are being dispensed with, and the nation is in no mood to put other foreigners in their places. At this point arises the most serious difficulty confronting New China; she has not men competent to manage the schools. Everybody realizes that the new schoolg, which have everywhere sprung up like mushrooms, are inade­ quately manned, and that much of the education is of the most superficial character. Still the demand on every side is for education; high and low have come to regard education as the magic remedy for all of the nation's ills. So every foreign-trained student is immediately placed in a position of responsibility and authority. Newspapers, Cartoons, Lectures, Rev­ olutions. Nor is the new education carried on only by schools; public reading rooms and lecture halls have been opened, by the government, by private citi­ zens, and by missions, and here the Pupils on their way to school headed by a drum corps. A seen* typical of the Military and Educational awakening in China* tion of occidental education. In a word, New China must stand on the foundation of the new education. people gather to hear the news of the day--the whole world's news--read and explained. The number of news- Therefore, with the passing of the 1 papers has increased immensely, and old examination system, there has come into existence a national board of education. Provincial governors are required to foster education of all grades in their territory. An imperial decree has ordered that temples may be taken and used for schools; so that in many placeB the venerable build­ ings which for centuries reechoed with the chants of the priests now are vocal with the voices of young stu­ dents. Universities, colleges, high schools, have sprung into existence, almost over night, in air parts of the nation. The best informed observers of Chinese affairs can scarcely keep track of the rise and progress of the schools. A Young Men's Christian as­ sociation secretary says that he is fre­ quently receiving invitations to ath­ letic competitions from schools which be did not know existed. Wherever one goes in China, he finds the mili­ tary uniform of the students of the higher schools. Japan as China's Teacher. Japan thought to dominate the edu­ cation of the new China; and appar in Peking there is one devoted exclus ively to courageous cartoons on cur­ rent events, which has a high educa­ tional value, even though it at times manifests a somewhat revolutionary tendency. One of the difficulties which the government finds in this new edu­ cational movement is the use which revolutionists make of it; a large per­ centage of the students are revolution­ ists; the number of anti-dynastic soci­ eties is greatly on the increase, as is the revolutionary and reform spirit generally. One of the sturdiest champions of education and progress is the "Wo­ man's Daily," of Peking, which wields a tremendous influence. It is edited by a woman, herself not a college bred who has thrown her entire influence on the side of the modern education of women. As everybody knows, it was the mis sionaries who first introduced into China what civilization calls educa­ tion. The missionaries are the trans­ lators of the books of western learning into Chinese. Thfey made possible ently she was in just the position to the systematic study of Chinese by do so. She had recently neated for herself the educational ?.ppliances needed by a nation trying to encom­ pass western learning in tmlk; her books and charts were in the Chinese text. She had a valuable store of ex­ perience. Thus the educational mu­ seum in Tien-Tsin, which has dis­ placed an old temple, contains chief­ ly Japanese charts, pictures and models to show physical science, ' geography, botany, zoology, history, j biography, manufacture and the man­ ner of life, work and recreation of the •west. For it must be remembered that China knew as little of universal his­ tory as she knew of electricity; much that an occidental child absorbs un­ consciously has to be taught to the adult Chinese student. " China harf few foreign teachers in her government schools, but most of these are Japanese. (And the west­ erner should remember that, far from being one race, the Japanese is as truly a "foreigner" in China as is the Britisher or the American). Now, however, the complaint is going up foreigners and. of English by Chinese. Realizing that education must underlie or accompany Christianity, they have from the first steadily engaged in teaching China's Debt to America. As the reader of these articles may have noti«§d, I lftng ago abandoned my intention of describing the work of individual missions, for the simple reason that it would require a full newspaper page a week to do BO. Travelers to the east may say that they see no evidences of mission work; my trouble is that I have seen too many. The very magnitude of the missionary enterprise has made it necessary for me merely to summarize and give conclusions. Thus I must now dismiss in a few sentences great educational institutions in China, any one of which is worthy of an article in itself, as illustrative of the im­ mense service rendered to this nation by American altruism, American capi­ tal and American brains. Take, as the most conspicuous ex- John's college may be said, substan­ tially, of Boone college and Boone Medical school, Wuchang, likewise of the Protestant Episcopal mission. The Soochow .> university kof the' Southern Methodist church. Rev. Dr. D. L. Anderson, president, is another institution which would elicit praise of discriminating educational experts, the enthusiastic pride of Americans and the admiration of everybody. From the college annual, full of the same sort of thing that goes into such vol­ umes at home, to the splendidly equipped building, ifo, is a thorough­ going, progressive, effective institu­ tion of learning. Elsewhere I have spoken of the imposing North China Union college, built, by the American board, at Tung Chow, and the Union college for women, at Peking, and the big Peking university of the Methodist Episcopal church, north, and the Union Medical college, Peking. All of these are enterprises great beyond the imagination of the average American, who thinks of missions as a man preaching on the corner to a lot of gaping heathen. There are American educators in China--I need cite only the veteran, Dr. W. A. P. Martin, of Peking--who would be famous men at home; association with them is the best part of the education which these nimble-witted Chinese youth receive. In Nanking, a union is projected of the educational work of the Methodist Episcopal church, north, Disciples of Christ, Friends and Presbyterians, north and south. Already the separ­ ate schools make Nanking a great educational center. The International Institute, Shanghai, headed fey Dr. Gil­ bert Reid, has nearly 100 students and is especially ambitious to foster inter­ national good fellowship. But it is impossible even to mention scores of great srhools up and down the length and breadth of China, whose aim and spirit are Christian, and the majority of whose graduates become members of Christian churches and a leaven of sane progress in the Chinese life. It may not be generally known tljat the president of the United States holds office in a missionary society. As an alumnus of Harvard university he is chairman of the advisory com­ mittee of th^ Harvard mission, which is one of the remarkable develop­ ments of the missionary spirit in American institutions of higher learn­ ing. This Harvard mission aims to unite all Harvard men (of whom there are now no Jess than 28) who are in foreign mission work anywhere, the sending out of men who will bear the spirit of their university into the for­ eign field, and, more definitely, the support of E. E. Carter, International Young Men's Christian association secretary for India. Harvard, by the way, maintains a weekly study class in foreign missions. Yale is even more ambitious, pro­ jecting nothing less than "a new Yale in the far east." China has been chosen as the most strategic point. In the center of the progressive, though long anti-foreign, province of Hunan, at Changsha, a beginning has been made in the creation of a Christian university. One man, John Laurence Thurston, *98, a member of the fa­ mous "Yale band," died before the work was fully started, but his widow, a college graduate, is on the teaching staff. Rev. Brownell Gage, '98, an­ other member of the "Yale band" is one of the professors, and the others are Dr. Edward Hicks Hume, '97, Rev. Warren B. Seabury, 1900, and Dr. Or- ville H. Schell, 1900. This enterprise is maintained entirely by Yale alumni and undergraduates, President Hadley being a member of the council of con­ trol. Princeton university has undertak­ en to man and maintain a new Young Men's Christian association at Peking, John Wanamaker having given the money for the building. The famous big football center, "Bob" Gailey, is in charge of this. The University of Pennsylvania has sent one of its football stars, "Joe" McCracken, to China, to found a hos­ pital and medical work, at Canton; other graduates will be associated with him later. Graduates of several American col­ leges comprise the teaching force of an enterprise more ambitious than any of the foregoing. "Canton Chris­ tian college," which has extensive grounds, and buildings in course of erection, on the outskirts of Canton. It has an endowment of $100,000 with an energetic committee in New York raising more. It teaches western sub­ jects in English, and Chinese subjects in Chinese. (Copyright, by Joseph B. Bowles.) Wisdom of Extracting Sections from Hive Called Into Question. As a rule, this question will have to be answered in the negative. It is too much fussing for the little gain derived from the operation. However, there are exceptional cases when it is not only desirable but In a small way profitable. During the many years of .my bee­ keeping conditions have occasionally been such that I felt the desire to ex­ tract sections, writes G. C. Greiner in Bee Culture; but as I thought it could not be done without running too much risk of breaking the combs from the wood, and, besides, not liaving any convenient rig to do the job in a satis­ factory way, I have never, until lately, X ft .A no. J' Fig. 2--Comb-Basket Rack for Holding Sections in the Extractor. made the attempt. I have always let my bees do the extracting--that is, any unfinished sections which I reserved for next season's bait-combs I set out for the bees to help themselves. This is an easy way to get these sections cleaned out; but it has the disadvan- i tage that the colonies that don't need any feeding get it all, or nearly all, while those that are sorely in need of stores get very little if any. We may take it for granted that no bee-keeper would even think of ex­ tracting finished sections, or even such unfinished sections as could be profit­ ably disposed of as chunk honey, or used otherwise to advantage. But It seems characteristic of many of our successful poultry plants' thaf their beginnings were not attended witl# magnificence. The original build­ ings were not fine examples of poultry architecture. The owners did not deem them fit to illustrate their first annual catalogues. But these plants have developed into our now success­ ful poultry farms. In the yards of many a fancier with a national repu­ tation one can find houses of a type that have never been portrayed in our journals as admirable. They are fre­ quently "made overs" from some un­ used building or some old pieces of scrap lumber thrown together and made habitable by the use of tar paper and rags. Yet these houses sufficed to shelter the fowls placed therein, and what the breeder lacked In comfortable quarters he made up in painstaking care. As time passed and 'profit, was made many of these houses have been abandoned or re­ constructed, but some are left and on almost every poultry farm are still in use, standing as a proof that ex­ pensive houses and fixtures are not requisites of a good beginning in poultry culture. Nowhere do we find as up-to-date, well constructed, even elegant poultry houses as on the abandoned plant, where money was apparently not lacking when the original buildings were erected. Poultry houses are so frequently portrayed with elaborate descriptions of the roosts, nesting boxes, feed troughs, grit and beef scrap recept­ acles, that one may forget that a house is only so" much room enclosed within tight walls, merely so much space, protected from the elements, says the Northwestern Agriculturist. Economy is usually associated in our minds with inconvenience. The per­ son desiring to build cheap poultry houses must expect to do without poultry house luxuries. Our best styles of houses consider the comfort of both the fowls and attendants, but our cheap houses consider only that of the fowls, and leave that of the at­ tendant to take care of itself. All this is not intended to argue that poor houses are superior to good ones, but is offered io show that be­ ginnings need not be elegant or even apparently auspicious. Special Correspondent Writes of Thing* qi Interest at the State Capital. ' MICRO-ORGANISMS. The Part They Play In Rendering the Soil Available for Crops. Organic matter (that is, animal and vegetable matter) in its various pro­ cesses of decomposition in the soil is , . . _ j called humus. The products of this de- some seasons produce a certain kindg composition are ammonia, carbonic of unfinished sections that seemed to be made for the extractor. According to the peculiarities of different sea­ sons' honey-flows, we have two distinct types of unfinished sections. One kind is partly built out,. some not larger than the inside of a hand, but all drawn out, filled with honey, and every cell capped over, while the other is all built and drawn out, filled more or less with honey, but little, if any, capped. The past season produced in this locality, with the exception of very little finished honey (where bait- combs had been supplied) the latter kind. During the five days of white-clover honey-flow, lasting from the 26th until the 30th of June, honey was gathered in such quantities that the comb- builders had all they could do to fur­ nish storage for the incoming nectar; and when the combs were built and drawn out they were also filled with honey, and about ready to be capped. Just then the honey-flow ceased; and so complete was the following failure that not the least progress was made in sections for the remainder of the season, although enough was gathered most of the time for bees to live on and to store a little in the brood-cham­ ber. This explains why the largest share of our crop cortslsted of just such unfinished sections as could be extracted with very little trouble; and as extracted honey was so very scarce, the little that those sections contained looked big in my eyes, which induced me to try the extractor. As I said before, I had no conveni­ ent way to extract sections; but being anxious to try the experiment, a few minutes' work solved the problem The accompanying drawing, Fig. 1, represents a little adjustable shelf that is suspended by wire hooks into the upper part of the extractor-basket, as shown at Fig. 2. It is made of half- inch lumber and fits loosely into the comb-basket. The dotted lines show the position of the wires on the under side of the shelf, where they are fastened by two little staples clinched above. The shelf should not be hung too low. If the sections project above the basket enough for a hold, it will make it all the more convenient. If we use the precaution of reversing the basket twice, or, in other words, if we reverse the basket after part of the contents is thrown out from one side by moderate speed, before trying to make a clean sweep, it is almost im­ possible to detach the combs from the wood or even bend them out of shape, if they are reasonably fastened to the sides. acid and water. The agencies in this work are micro-organisms in the soil. The ammonia is converted by other micro-organisms into nitrous and nitric acid. The carbonic acid acts on the mineral elements of >the soil and aids In rendering them more soluble and available to the plant. The work of these lower organisms is important. German and French investigators have found from 500,000 to 900,000 germs in a gram of soil (less than half a cubic inch). These micio-organisms can only exist where organic matter is present, and will be many or few as organic matter is abundant or scarce They are dormant when the tempera­ ture of the soil is below 39 degrees F., or above 115 degrees F.; dormant when the moisture content of the soil falls below eight to ten per cent., or about one inch in depths, of water to one foot in depth of soil; dormant when the soil is fully saturated with water, and dormant when air is exclud­ ed either by too much water in the soil or by soil compaction. They are most active when the soil is about half saturated; that is, from 20 to 30 per cent, of the bulk of the soil, or say 16 to 20 pounds of water to each cubic foot of soil, and when the temperature of the soil is 75 to 90 degrees F., and the air has free access to supply oxy­ gen.--R. H. Hilton. 1907. 92,445,673 7,852,520 2,539,940 10,608,100 391,904,08ft Springfield.---A net increase of $125,- 401,947 in the assessed value of tax­ able property In Illinois for 1907 as compared with 1906 was shown in the report of the state board. of equaliza­ tion. The total assessed value of all such property, according to the report, is $1,252,068,631. As the assessment is based on one-fifth the total value of all taxable property the report shows the aggregate value of taxable prop­ erty In Illinois Is $6,260,343,155. The computations for the state rate of 1908 will be based on a total as­ sessed value of $1,352,068,631. The' following table shows the equalized assessment of all classes of property for 1907, together with a comparative statement showing; the assessment a year ago:. 1906. Btftam railroads...I 88,368,095. f Electric railroads. 6,763,321 Capital stock of railroads ........ 3,216,958 Capital stock of other corpora­ tions 12,665,601 Lands ... 343,585,542 Town and city lots 442,275,998 499,898,662 Personal property 229,792,122 246,819,650 Total $1,126,656,657 *1,252,068,631 Decreased assessments are shown on the capital stock of railroads and other corporations. These are ac­ counted for by the decided increase in the assessment on tangible property of such corporations, the increased assessment on which necessitates a corresponding reduction in the tax on the capital stock. In the case of the capital stock of railroads the de­ crease amounts to $676,038, and in that of other corporations $2,057,501. In each of the other items increases are shown. That on personal prop­ erty amounts to $17,027,528, lands $48,- 318,544, town and city lots $57,672,664, steam railroads $4,077,578, and elec­ tric railroads $1,089,199. The largest assessment on the capital stock of franchises and corporations other than railroads is made in the case of the People's Gas Light & Coke company, of Chicago, which totals $5,150,000, or net practically one-half the total as­ sessment of the state for such items. This assessment, however, is a de­ crease of over $100,000 from that of 1906 in the case of this company. A decrease of $310,000 also is noted in the assessment of the Pullman com­ pany, the net assessment on its stocks and franchises totaling $2,000,000. Loses Suit for Hero Fund. The first attempt of a law^!*to> collect for services in connection with the award of the Carnegie hero medal was overthrown here when a jury in the circuit court found a ver­ dict for Theodore Boettcher, a hero miner who was sued for $350 by At­ torney Thomas R. Mouid on thp ground that Mould secured for him a medal 'and $850. The verdict was ren­ dered on the testimony of Frank M. Wilmot, of Pittsburg, Pa., secretary,; and manager of the Carnegie hero . fund commission, who said the $850 was paid Boettcher to liquidate a mortgage on his home, and who told Mould when the attorney went before the commission that paid attorneys were not recognized as such by the ̂ commissioners, and was assured by Mould that he'was acting as a frien'd. Postal Banks Are Favored. ^ On account of the absence of Sec­ ond Assistant McCleary, who could not attend the session, the postmas­ ters' association adjourned after their morning meeting Wednesday to •, con­ vene in Springfield next year. W. R. Jewell, of Danville, was chairman of the committee which prepared resolu­ tions thanking the citizens of the two cities and the university officials, and especially W. B. McKinley, for their entertainment here. The sav­ ings bank and parcels post plans were recommended by the same commit­ tee for earnest consideration by the post offices and post roads committee in congress. National Guard's New Head. Brig. Gen. Edward Clinton Young, who has been appointed by Gov. De- neen as major general of the Illinois national guard and the commanding officer of the entire state militia, was born at St. Joseph, Mo., in 1862. For AN EGG CARRYING BOX. Convenient Device for Use When Gath­ ering Eggs from Trap-Nests. Bulletin 248 on "New Poultry Appli­ ances," lately issued by the agrieul- tural experiment station of Cornell university, describes a box for carrying (New Commander of the State Militia.) four years he was a cadet at West Point and became a ^econd lieutenant in the regular army. Subsequently he became captain in the First Illinois infantry, and then major and colonel in the First cavalry. He served in the Spanish-American war. Maj. Gen. Young taught school before entering West Point. He is a member of the Union League and Midlothian clubs and is prominent in business as well as in military circles. Saloons Must Pay Damages. That the bond of the Reisch In­ demnity company of Springfield is­ sued throughout the state to insure sa­ loon keepers and other liquor dealers from damages obtained by persons whose relatives are killed or injured as the result of being intoxicated, is not far reaching enough, in that it has a clause that the liquor must have been drunk only on the premises of the saloon keeper to whom the policy was issued, was the decision of Judge Creighton in the Sangamon circuit court. The court holds that the sa­ loon keeper is liable no matter where the liquor is drunk. Can Use the Name Doctor. Attorney General Stead, in an opin­ ion rendered to Dr. J. A. Egan, sec­ retary of the state board of health, holds that an osteopath is not guilty of unprofessional conduct within the meaning of the statutes by styling himself a "doctor," and that, there­ fore, the state board of health cannot revoke his license to practice. The statute provides that only physicians who practice medicine and surgery in all its branches may style them­ selves "doctors," but there is no pen­ alty for adopting the term by persons who do not so practice. Tillman Says It's Cannon. In an interview at Danville Senator Benjamin Tillman, of South Carolina, declared that President Roosevelt will not accept a third term and that Uncle Joe Cannon, speaker of the house of representatives will be the Republican nominee. "Bryan," Mr. Tillman said, "will be the Democratic nominee without a doubt. He is the greatest living Democrat and the proper man to intrust with the affairs of the government." that the Japanese teachers, while j ample, St. John's college. Shanghai, of cheaper and more accessible than men American Protectant . Episcopal from the west, are themselves but pu­ pils, with only superficial learning. Thirteen thousand Chinese students have been studying in Tokio during the past year; but in addition to be­ ing a hotbed of revolutionary senti­ ment and of gross immorality, this Chinese student body in Japan is not receiving a thorough education. At the government examinations last fall, out of nearly 100 men examined, most < ot whom had been educated in Japan, not one of the latter passed, while the five who stood at the head had been educated in America. It is now the mission. This is the greatest educa­ tional institution In the empire. Its students, numbering between 200 and 300, come from all parts of China, and from families of wealth and official life. St. John's certificates alone among mission colleges, I believe, are accepted by the government for offi­ cial positions. Its buildings, on th» outskirts of Shanghai, and its corpB of instructors, headed by Rev. F. L. H Pott, would do honor to any American college. The *.vork of this one institu­ tion is alone sufficient answer to the criticism that mission work In China fbyemment's intention, high officials is futile. What I have said of St. Changes that Strike One. "After all," said the Southerner on a visi|t to New York, "it's on the per­ sonal side that the impression of New York's bigness is registered. The oc­ casional visitor sees skyscrapers go­ ing up, notes a bit more bustle and confusion about the streets, and, if his journoyings lead him that way, ob­ serves whole new sections being de­ veloped. Rut these things only pro­ duce a vague idea of immensity. It is when he goes into the hotel he us­ ually patronizes or into the place of business where he Is accustomed to have dealings and sees new faces among the employes, missing, at the same time, many familiar ones, that he* is sensible of the constant changes which are more or less a necessary accompaniment to immensity. There are" so many units here and so many forces operating On them that rear­ rangement is the natural ordei. And, it's the multiplicity of these little, con­ crete instances of changes in person­ nel that makes a man appreciate the forces at work." THE POULTRY YARD- In your efforts to improve the flock, don't overlook the fact that a poorly- bred thoroughbred is as bad as a scrub. As the weather becomes cooler, along In the fall more corn can be fed the young stock without danger of over-fattening. if eggs are wanted next fall and winter, get the hens through their moult as soon as possible. The sea­ son is now at hand. Aoout the best remedy for scaly legs, which is the work of parasites, Is an application, of melted lard and sulphur once a week. During the warm season is the time to repair old poultry houses and build new ones. They will then "be in readineps lor use when winter comes. If those crevices and seams in the poultry h"'ise are closed during the summer season sickness and to$s of fowls later on will be prevented The Egg Carrying Box. eggs which will be found verv useful for those using trap-nests with * large number of pens. The wells in the bottom of the box hold the egs ih an upright position on the little end, where the numbers can easily be read. The eggs are gath­ ered into the boxes and at night are assembled in the egg room and re­ corded. Stick to One Breed. Better stick to one breed next sea­ son, or, at least, keep the breeds sep­ arate if more than one is key*. There is never anything but regw for In­ troducing the- blood of another breed among a flock of pure breds or a flock of all one breed, if not pure breds. We have seen it tried a num­ ber of times, and the result was looked upon with interest at first, be­ cause every bird, as it feathered out, might be ready with a surprise In markings or color. But, after the nov­ elty wore off, there always remained a longing for one straight breed, birds that were all alike. Petition for Primary Act. Petitions to the legislature asking for the passage of a direct primary law, including the basic features of the Oglesby bill, are being circulated by William H. Harper, aad have been signed by men at the head of many financial and commercial institutions in Chicago and by their employes. 199 Saloons Are Wiped Out. Ernest A. Scrogin, attorney for the Anti-Saloon league, gave the follow­ ing resume of the result of the vote in Illinois on the question of licens­ ing saloons under the new local op­ tion law: "Out of 160 precinct* which voted on the question," said Mr. Scrogin, "140 voted against license, while but 20 voted for license." There were 260 saloons existing in these precincts, of which 199 were voted out of business. 1 Whisky Shipments Stopped. No internal revenue tax was col­ lected in the Fifth internal revenue district Thursday for the manufac­ ture of spirits owing to the refusal by New York banks to honor drafts from the Peoria banks. The demand for cash has had the effect of temporarily stopping shipment of whisky froih Pe­ oria. The distilleries are running as usual, but no good's ape taken out of the bonded warehouses. Apple Crop Reported Short. The apple crop in southern Illinois has been picked, and in many or­ chards the harvesting has been a loss to the orchardists. The fruit was so badly scattered, and many trees were without any apples. In Wayne, White and Clay counties, where the crop Is usually large, not enough fruit was gathered for home consumption. The Ben Davis and winesap varieties were almost completely stripped of fruit, and in many localities trees have been cut down. The quality of the fruit gathered is not up to standard. Primary Ballot Nine Feet Long. A streamer nine feet and seven inches long floated out behind Repre­ sentative David Shanahan, of Chicago, when he arrived in Springfield to at­ tend the first meeting of th<? senate and house conference comm ttee On the Oglesby direct primary bill. It was a sample copy of a ballot for a primary election as would be required under the measure If it became a law. Mr. Shanahan'- fellow conferees near­ ly fainted at the first look at it. Mr. Shanahan is agataat the bill aad don't mind saying so. i , • • Says Parents Help Break Law. State Factory Inspector Edgar T. Davies condemned the practice of pa­ rents assisting the violators of the fac­ tory law by misrepresenting their children's ages. Mr. Davies urged that children should be kept out of the workshops as long as it was possible for the parents to exist without their help. "When a factory inspector ea­ ters a certain street, for instance," he said, "runners are sent to acquaint all that an officer is coming. We are try­ ing to enforce the sanitary laws and to keep children under age from working." Violates Federal Plans. Chief Engineer Isham Randolph, of the sanitary district, reported to the sanitary district trustees that the dam now being built by the Economy Light & Power company at Dresden Heights is not being constructed in accordance with the plans of the federal authori­ ties. Originally, he claimed, it waa the intention pf the company to work in harmony with the war department in carrying out plans for the future" utilization of the Desplalnes river as a part of the deep waterway project.