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K * \ c: r i r H ir rffi nfi mi f, ••}>. -*y: AKDD99 ft MOIJII MAILED FREE §» REQUEST Of MUNYON'S PAW- ©&jnev^\>FVsKiorVs $te«pf «* , «•'<v 7.,vr*.. WO of the greatest industries In the world are railway building; and Uie preparation of hides and skins (nto leather. For the former the sleep­ ers on which the. rails are laid are essential and costly factors; for the latter nothing can take the place f some vegetable extract which is he tanning snbstatace of the trade, eepers can be made of glass and metal, but these do not give the satisfaction of those made of wood crime to thrust a pin through so fine . a piece of weaving, even at a Single PANAMA FOR WOMEN km, wtM: w»WS place MOST DESIRABLE OF ALL HATS FOR WARM WEAfUER SCARFS OF PRINTED CHIFFON W rw-f i** igjsf Good Ones NoW Within the Reach All--How They Should Be Trimmed and Fast •nest, 'k \.7/\ tVATI^ -i The oak and the hemlock have for ages Supplied tannin by v^ilch leather is cured; in fact, the very word taan implies bv its derivation its relation to the oak, by which nan'.1 the tree was called in old Breton language. Railway peepers hav been made from the oak, but «# •- x;)tttxse grows uiguci therefore, that the earth is scoured for trees to fur­ nish either the one or the other or both ot; the sub­ stances, and no wonder also that manufacturers a»d baild<*rs hailed with delight the announcement a few years flgo o' the availability for both -purposes of the South American tree called "Quebracho." Quebracho is a contraction of the colloquial Span­ ish and Portuguese term qulebra-hacha, orlgdnally applied to many trees in Latin America. It means 'ax breaker," and the character is implied in this meaning. The wood is hard, fine grained, and tough and had been used by the natives for ages in their primitive construction work. Of recent years, how- quebracho is restricted in the arts and indus­ tries to a particular tree found only iu South Amer­ ica, and even here only within broad limts of the drainage basin of the River Parana. In Cuba there is a "quebracho," so-called locally, which is a mem­ ber of the Copaiba family. In Chile a quebracho is rather of the Cassia- family, and probably in other paj-ts of Latin America the name is indiscriminately given to any hard wood that has tested the metal of the native's ax. No such indefinite use of the word, however, can be permitted today, because the tree of ixgm&n-f&szjsmfw 1SHJT WTCmOFt OF A £'X7y?&CT Factory « • * Most beautiful of hats, the panama has grown to be, the desire of all, masculine and feminine alike, for wear in the hottest of weather. Good Panamas are not so expensive as to be out of reach of people who are in moderate circumstances. The in­ itial expense may be twice that of an ordinary straw bat, but the length of Whites* Mp&y-r f ] M3M <'̂ M< /4 AND CJV/JJZAT/ON the South American Chaco has become so comma*- cial'v important that it must be understood to signi­ fy only that one tree and nothing else. The genuine fjuGbracho tree ia found in Brazil, Paraguay, and the Argentine Republic. There are twb important varieties and a third has been dis­ tinguished, although it has no great significance fjotanieally or value commercially. Locally and in the trade the names given are Quebracho Colorado (red), and Quebracho bianco (white). Quebracho Colorado has the scientific designation of Lox- opterygium lorentzil, and belongs to tlw order of Aaacardiaciae. This is the particular \jee from which both the sleepers and the better quality of tanning extract are derived. The other, Quebra­ cho bianco, is neither so straight nor 60 service­ able as the red variety, but is nevertheless of definite commercial value, as it furnishes some tanning extract and the logs can be used for fence posts and axles. Prom it is taken also a drug extensively used for bronchial diseases; in fact, as a plant It was studied for this purpose long before its other advantages were exploited. The scientific name is Aspidoeperma quebracho. Railways must have sleepers on which to lay their ra?ta. In some instances wooden ones are imi»orted at great expense, or substitutes there­ for are used if climatic conditions are favorable. As a rule, however, it is preferred to take sup­ plies from native timber whenever procurable. This was the case in the Argentine Republic vhen railway building away from the coast had begun, and no more fitting wood could be discovered than that recommended by the natives, both by the name and by 'be experience of those who had used it. The quebracho wood proved by far the most serviceable for sleepers on South American railways, ana its reputation grew so steadily that today many miles of European rails are supported by sleepers brought from the River Plate. In one respect quebracho resembles rather ma­ hogany than oal: or pine. The trees do not grow in clumps or groves, but are dispersed through the forests and tb» les3 dense woods, singly or in groups seldom more than four or five to the acre. The tree itself is .tall, about two or three feet in diameter, and is crowned by a rather thin, oval, . or V-shaped, "tnass of branches and leaves. The whit.® quebracho is somewhat smaller than the red, and begins to branch iower to the ground, so that it is not hard to distinguish them from each other. The leaves are oval, or lance shaped, smooth, somewhat shining and leathery; they do not fall completely in the winter, but cling to the branches in company with the fruit. The trite seeme to thrive best on a sandy soil, where the at­ mospheric moisture is not very great, but where abundant water is provided for the roots, either by dews or sufficient rain. It Is neither a moun­ tain nor a river growth, but live* best in the sub­ tropical stretches between water courses. Al­ though the age of the tree has been given as measured by hundreds of years, It is well enough established that at ten years from planting the first small shrubs are big enough to use for posts. The future -promises, therefore, an opportunity . for the actual cultivation of quebracho, because, although savage inroads have beeu made into the aupposedly inexhaustible forests of the Chaco, it is not too late to restrict the cutting of the tree, or even to adopt modern forestry methods of planting and conservation for the supply of com­ ing generations. In fact, the Argentine Republic has already passed suitable laws in this direction L and it is more than probable that under the wise administration of that government there will be •«? THS SAW or T/f£ QUEBfiACHO TRFr: developed an arboricultural industry to proceed hand in hand with the preparation of quebracho posts for fences and construction work, sleepers for railways, and of tanning extract, the three Industries for which this unique tree is at present utilized. "Roilizos" is the Spanish word commonly em­ ployed in the trade for the rough and untrimmed logs (which the word means), from which only the bark has been removed.' They are still sup­ plied by smaller camps from dwarfed under­ growth not great enough for other purposes than posts, beams, cabin pillars, or cart axles. When the forest was first invaded these logs were the only product brought out of it^ and the stoiies told of the primitive method sue'opted by the natives for transport carry one back before the days of steam and machinery. A pcpular way of loading the logs was to lay them on the ground on ropes; then the animals were unharnessed and the cart was tilted bodily upside down over the logs; these were then made fast to the tody of the cart, after which maneuver it was brought back to its norroal position. Of course only two-wheeled carta were used. As soon as modern methods were in­ troduced, and better carts or wagon3 became known, these primitive and cumbersome habits disappeared, although in the far interior even to» day rolllzos are still brought to market in this manner. "Durmlentes," according to the Spanish, or slsepers, in the English idiom, are probably the most Important product of the quebracho of the Argentine Republic. The industry of making sleepers has assumed huge proportions. The cUffleulties of former days have been largely overcome by the Introduction of modern machinery, especially saws, and some of the mills many miles distant from any main railway are equipped and organized in a manner which would reflect credit on any similar plant in the United States. Special Baws are needed to penetrate the wood, but they are furnished from the factories of England, France, and America. This mill business is carried on by many vcom- panies, although the tendency is to concentrate the management into fewer but larger organiza­ tions. One company owns a tract of land of about 4,000,000 acres, and is prepared to cut timber, fashion it ipto logs and sleepers, prepare tanning extract, and utilize every other resource which the land provides. Another company can turn out 20,000 to 30,000 sleepers a week. This number, how­ ever, can by no means meet the steady demand for railway building which is characteristic of this portion of South America. Sleepers are laid at about an Interval of two feet from center to cen­ ter. Assuming, therefore, only 2,000 sleepers for every mile, it will be seen that 30,000 «iro enough ,for only 15 miles. A year's supply at fullest capac­ ity will consequently build only 750 miles of rail­ way. But the Argentine Republic, Uruguay, Chile and Bolivia, ail contiguous to the Chaco, are con­ structing more than this mileage, so that it is easy to see that every sleeper turned out from • modern mills can at once find a local market. These sleepers are now finished at the mill, and the mill is situated at the spot In the forest itself most convenient for carrying on the process. Quebracho extract prepared for tanning skins and hides into leather is, however, the most serviceable product of the tree. All the timber com­ panies are adjusting their plants so as to utilize the wood, either in Its entire output, or in that portion not reserved for posts and sleepers, for this extract. In Paraguay and areas in the Chaco remote from good roads, so that the cost of Sup­ plying timber is excessive, every particle of the wood is tiirned into extract, because the demand is usually in advance of the supply, and it is there­ fore more profitable to manufacture the more concentrated article, which can be easlwr and mere economically carried to market. One feature of quebracho, in whl>:h it is su­ perior to other sources of supply, is that the bark, the sapwood, and the whole of the central part of the tree produce the extract In considerable quantities. The bark contains 6 to 8 per cent, of tannin, the sap 3 to 5 per cent., and the heart 20 to 25 per cent. As the heart represents two-thirds and often three-fourths of the total quantity of wood, the amount of tannin in the Quobracho Colo­ rado is seen to be considerable. It is merely* a chemical question whether this tanrittg material is equal or inferior to that from the oj*-k, but later methods of preparation point to a full justification of the claim that the leather from 'jiiebfacho ex­ tract grades up to that resulting fp>rn any other tanning substance. So serviceable i* It, however, that since its discovery, the tanning Industry of the Argentine Republic has made noticeable ad­ vance, because, with both hides and extract as great natural products of the country, the govern­ ment is making every effort to foster the leather industry within its own border. "Quebracho extract," as It i3 called in the trade Is easily manufactured when the machinery is once Installed. All the wood Is passed through a machine that cuts It Into shavings, or the small­ est possible chips. It Is then collected Into im­ mense kettles, in which it is treated by chemical processes until all the tannin Is removed; after this the fluid preparation is reduced by evapora- tion to a thick, jelly-like mass, which Is poured into sacks, where it is finally dried into the sub­ stance sold in commerce. The difficulty of gathering the raw material far outweighs the preparation of the finished article, especially as the extract is no longer to .be con­ sidered a by-product, but is coming to have more Importance and value than posts and sleepers. In Paraguay particularly, where all the wood Is util­ ized for extract, the hardest part of the business lies in gathering wood for the factory. The trdes are cut in the heart of the virgin forest and hauled by ox teams to tVie nearest clearing. Only native Indians have proven themselves suitable for the work, as they are thoroughly acclimated, understand the wilderness, and can withstand the plague of insects which make life at night mis­ erable for the foreigner; and exposure for eights as well as dayB is unavoidable, because the cut* ting stations are usually remote from any settle ment. In 1695 the first real exportation of quebracho extract from the River Plate was recorded. The increase has been rapid--from 400 tons In the first year to 9,000 tons in 1902, 120,594 tons in the next five years, and 28,195 tons in 1907. Of this quan­ tity the United States received 17,783 tons, or ala­ mos t 65 per cent. life of a Panama makes tremely good Investment. For many generations this hat was woven in one shape by those natives of L&tin America who have brought their handicraft to such perfection that all the world admires it. Then enterprising Americans who were heavy purchasers began asking for modifications of the shape and for haxs woven for women especially. But the natives did not like to make a change. Their success has been built up on the old original shapes made by their fathers and they could see no good reason for changing or making new ones. Perhaps they were right, but finally they were persuaded to weave hats designed for women and we now have the Panama in sailor shapes with softly rolling or droopy brims and crowns of various forms. To trim the Panama seems like painting the lily and adorning the rose. A band or scarf is quite enough to add to these exquisite hats. It is all they carry when quite new. But, after two or three seasons' wear, trim­ ming helps out in concealing defects or in modifying or even concealing a crown which may look out of date. The advantage of the Panama of the MATERIAL® FOR A BOOMERANG eary to give the boomerang its force and direction. I Celluloid Is Excellent Because of *td®htne#s, Hard to Break and Can Be Properly Curved. The material of which the boomerang v , .1» nsade Is a* feature which must be C ^considered. It can be fashioned of •w,r 3ash cr Silcko**, but can also be cut ior stamped out of celluloid and hard >yinibb^. : Tkk)mrtan«s are nowr being retold in tfio or three American cities, writes Day Allen Willey, in St. Nich­ olas. Several expert throwers In this country, however, have fashioned their own boomerangs not only of celluloid but of heavy cardboard. If the card­ board does not get wet, it makes a serviceable missile. Strange to say, celluloid is excellent for the purpose, because It is light, very hard to break and can be worked Into the peculiar curve and twist which are to neoea- Mountain of Oeath. An exploration party recently as­ cended Mount Talbu, one of the lofti­ est in Formosa, 12,009 feet above the sea level. j party proceeded and reached the stun- When the party reached an aborig- i mit at last, feeing this, the abo- lnal village (the Puma tribe) half-way rlglnes were quite surprised at the Is believed by the aborigines to be & mountain of doavh, and nobody has dared to ascend it before. The abo­ rigines, being in great fear, warned the party not to break branches of trees nor make loud noises nor throw stones, and finally they refused to pro­ ceed further. In spite of this the up the mountain, they employed 21 aborigines to accompany them and continued the ascent. This mountain j trees. bravery of the Japanese. The moun­ tain is reported to abound in valuable original type is that it does cot get out of date. The brims of the Panama hats are so flexible that tbey may be turned up or down at any point When turned down all around, the hat is improved by a full scarf or other trimming as shown in the pictures. The owner of a Panama may be sure it will stand a lot of wear, but not abuse. Hat pins should not be used with them. Hat. fasteners, sewed to the head band inside, fasten them more securely and save the fibersf from being broken by the pin point. The new pins with guide for the point may be used, but it seems almost a Linen Tailor-Mades. The newest linen tailor-mades are admirably chic. Cut, for the most part, with a tailored severity, they are perfect in line and finish, showing the touch of an artist. Skirts for street wear are very nar­ row, as a rule, and are faced on tho outside and trimmod In some way at tbe bottom. Many of them have a single box plait at the bask, a narrow gore in front and a shijpfd flounce at the bottom--the sides being circular. Walking skirts clear the ground, often by three inches. Some of these are slightly gathered at the waist line, with narrow gores in front. Often they are faced to the knee with some contrasting shade--a blue linen, for instance, being faced with black, and a chestnut linen faced with royal blue. Exquisite Tea Trays. If one has a piece of rich old em­ broidery, too fragile to handle. It' Is just tbe thing to make up into a hand­ some tea tray. The embroidery should be mounted bn a piece <5f lftteu, so ihat there will be no undue strain on the handwork In making up the tray. Take Wide Material 8hould Be Shirred Across and the Whole Llped " With Soft, Thin Silk. Charming scarfs that will be a real protection can be made from wide printed chiffon, and from three to four yards are necessary. In making the material should be shirred across tbe width in gro'ups of pin tucks until the goods is only half it§ width. These groups are set in at Intervals, leaving flowing ends. Then the whole Is lined with a soft, thin silk, the latter frilled to underlie the ends o? the scar?. The edges should be finished with marabou. Though of fragile materials, the construction of them results in a really practical and fairly substantial accessory. A new and attractive idea in many instances is the addition of braid or a fqld to all edges of a coat that forms part of a suit fashioned from white serge displaying a colored' pin stripe. Often a suit of such material is apt to lack character, and this the coat edging supplies. The color of the braid or fold Is, of course, chosen to match the stripe In the serge. In the qaae of the suit being worn by a short or stout woman. It will be better to omit the trimming, using something definite in color for deep collar and cuffs instead for relief. The best Stomaclf and Liver Pills know» and a positive an# speedy cure for Con­ stipation, Indigestion, Jaundice, Biliousness, Sour Stomach, Head' ache, and all ailments arising troml a disor­ dered stomach or slug­ gish liver. They con­ tain in concentrated form all the virtues and values of Mun- yon's Paw-Paw Tonic, and are made from the Juice of the Paw-Paw fruit. I unhesitatingly recommend these pills being the best laxative and cathartic ever compounded. Send us a postal or letter requesting a free package of Munyon's Celebrated Paw-Paw Laxa­ tive Pills, and we will mail same free of charge. MUNYON'S HOMOEO­ PATHIC HOME REMEDY CO., 53d and Jefferson Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa. TOUGH LUCK. GOOD THING FOR WORK-BOX Useful Tray That Will Hold the Things Often Needed and Always Seeming to Be Oat of Sight. The useful tray shown in our sketch can be made to fit any work-box or basket, ajid it is for holding those things which, when placcd loose in a work-basket, always seem to disap­ pear at the moment they are required. A piece of stout cardboard should be cut to fit Just inside the top of the basket, and this is covered on both sides with silk and finished off at tbe edge with a fine silk cord. A strap is sewn across the center under which scissors, bodkin, knitting- needles, etc., may be slipped and held in their places, and on the left-hand side there is a small loop of elastic for the thimble. On either side of the tray a loop of ribbon Is sewn so that the tray may be easily lifted from the basket wpen those things wtyich may be underneath it are re­ quired. Sheer Linings. Linings, when they are used at all, as beneath the soft, sheer afternoon and evening gowns, are still the thin­ nest possible mousseline--that crisp silk muslin, which is not cbiffon, but equally sheer. The lining is closely fitted, but with an ample allowance for all those places where the wear is heaviest. In other words. It is a fit, but not a tight one, and it is completed before tho outer materials are draped upon it, or else the underarm seam alone is left basted until the outer material Is draped and sewed with it ' • "Why, what's the matter, my lad?" "Boo hoo! Ma sez I got to presi­ dent when I grows up, an' I'd sfet my heart on bein' a prize fighter. Boo hoo!" fx. ROUTT COUNTY, COLORADO, LAND BOOM PREDICTED. Keen observers predict a big b<!om In property in Wantland, Colorado, the new town which is being built in the center of the Little Snake River Val­ ley in Routt County, Colorado. A big irrigation aystem is being built to irri­ gate 60,000 acres of very fine land sur­ rounding Wantland. The land is be­ ing sold by the State of Colorado for 50 cents per acre, under the Carey Act, and water rights cost $35.00 an acre, in ten year payments. Sugar fac­ tories, flour mills, canneries, etc., are among the possible industries to be lo cated at Wantland. Full information can be obtained from the Routt County Colonization Company, 1734 Welton St., Denver, Cola Alms and tho Man. "Sure Father Flaherty was a good man," Mr. Murphy said of the deceased parish priest. "He hate<^ sin but he loved th' sinner, an' he was all com­ passion an' patience an' wisdom. There never was another loike "Im f'r holdin' up hope to th' poor batthered man that had anny desire fr good. " 'Faith,' said he to Con Meehan, th' toime th' bh'y was down an' out, faith, this sQlde av paradise 'tlst all beginning again, over an' o^er, an' tin toimes over!' "An' that keen," continued Mr. Murphy, " 'twas niver worth whoile to keep back part av th* price av th' land! Wid a twinkle in bis eye he'd see clean through anny Ananias that iver walked. "An" gin'rous!" Mr. Murphy's voice dropped to a lower key and his eyes were wet as he added, "His hand was always in his pockut, an' whin they prepared him f'r burial they found his right arm longer than his left wld stretchin' it out to th' poor."--Youth's Companion. Keep Laces Dry. Wonderful'ecclesiastical laces have been ruined by being kept in damp places, and to their sacrifice is due the effort to handle elegant laces with greater care. A dry closet or drawer or chest and a padded pasteboard roll with tis­ sue paper between the layer* are the valuable suggestions from a French laco restorer. It to a dealer who understands ;be art of framing pictures. A pair of handles must be selected for tbe tray. These may be In either glass or ebony, if the frame itself is in that wood. Lor>k carefully to the piece of glass which Is placed over the embroidery and there may be no imperfections to mar the beauty of the embroidery. The broidery used in thi* vsy will delight to many. FW» Bow Matches Madame'* Hat All the smart little black Pom- meranians who are seen out driving these bright days have neckbow3 ol cerise or old blue or tllleul ribbon, precisely in the shade of miladi's hat Indeed, the very selfsame ribbon is sometimes used, a bit being coaxed from the milliner for this purpose, oi miladi's maid being at some pains tc procure exactly the right shade In the shops. The graceful Pommeraniana are very attractive thus bedecked, and there Is something so lovable and ap pgalJflfc hbmit these- sad-faced ittH* beasties that one does not wonder at their popularity as lap dogs. Didn't Care for Expenses! They were seated at the breakfast table. "John, dear," said the young wife, "this is my birthday." "I'm glad you mentioned it. darling," rejoined her husband. "I'll buy you a present the first thing when 1 get downtown." "Well," she said. "I hope ydu wont' get any cheap 98-cent affair." "Of course I wont," he replied. "Why, I would be ashamed to present you with anything that cost less than a dollar." Back to the Tall Timber. Alfred--Are you going to pass your vacation at the seashore? Gilbert--No. thank you. It's the woods for mine this year. Alfred--Don't like the shore, eh? Gilbert---Qh, I like It well enough, but it's too risky. I passed my vaca­ tion there last year and had several narrow escapes. Alfred--From drowning? Gilbert--No; summer girls. Seven of them proposed to me. A Dream ol Ease-- NO COOKING! An economical hot weather luxury -- food that pleases and satisfies at any meal. So good you'll want more. Served right fro>M the package with cream or milk. Especially pleasing with fresh berries, "The Memory Lingers" figs. Itc aad 15c MkytncM gk>&Uim Cenal 6e. ,\l.lsalt»d^ r Battle Creek, Mich.