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V.' C<J \£F >;*;. ' v?" •? Wi& V**:*"Y'• *•*, «*'%• <• „ p .X • )k ' " '""" •'•* > V •*•' '•«•*? f' •" -: •• - ^c: - : •; ^--v^;-,.. ev- v-- ./., ••„*• 7." : ; v .• <• . - •: •. v..-;"' • --••*•• i • - • • ' **• -" Tr'%' * >r - •• r. . • %. -a . .•% • *•••. ?-.,• ;r- r ^ r * > * » • < * * * . , 4 . y . m e * * * » v . . T T = ' • s • . ; ^ - > - « * < V •"'4Mfc^:" ^ •'•" ' •• ^ • •••»•" . '-V- p fe i -•$•' "Strife >•• "W'.-,«* »!*• .•*';&*W<*v£- ;-i •••»&.-,-1 ."vSf .ii;.. >'S^' -l. ̂ r ii toi r-KiB. i JljJT A BOOM, BUT DUE TO NAT­ URAL DEVELOPMENT. ..... sS® a »*S"' :S£*-&v MiAxc Of <&Mr¥fO 4 CHE question of ex­cavating Hercu­laneum has al­ways been a sub­ ject of intense in­ terest for savants. Herculaneum was a email provincial town which was not famed even for its com­ merce; but owing to its post tion in the middle of the Bay of Naples, with Vesuvius and Mount Somma in the back­ ground, the site was a favor­ ite one with wealthy Romans for their villas. It was de­ stroyed so rapidly by the eruption of Vesuvius in A. D. 79 that the excavations there are sure to bring to light an­ cient life just as it was lived. Pompeii was buried slowly beneath volcanic ashes and much was saved from ft by its inhabitants, or dug out and dispersed by Pliny's contemporaries and by the barbarians who followed them even In civilized times. On the contrary, Herculaneam was sealed In its tomb in a few hours by the mixture of mud, ashes and sooriae, and no one has even been able to reach it, so high is the mountain of debris and hardened stone by which it was covered. "The entombment of Hercu­ laneum," says Mr. Waldstein, was sudden, com­ plete and secure, and this was not the case with the other Campanian cities, nor with Pompeii." From the excavations under Reslna treasures have already been obtained. "All Europe." wrote a Qprreepondent of the Mercure de Prance in 1751, "Impatiently supports the suspense in which ft is held over the discoveries in ancient Hercu­ laneum, or Heraclea, as it is now termed in Na­ ples." But only at present has the Italian gov­ ernment been able to think of accomplishing the gigantic task of unearthing the entire city, and it is most probable that the new tone given to the national spirit by the war may make the charge appear light which must be imposed upon the budget in order to obtain a complete result In Roman official spheres there is absolutely no knowledge of the existence of and project of Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan for excavations at Hercu­ laneum. Mr. Morgan's name has been mixed up with this question owing to the fact that Mr. Charles Waldstein, the author of an international project for unearthing the buried city, delivered a lecture on January 3, 1905, In his house in New York with the object of collecting the money necessary for the work, which was then estimated at 1.000,000 lire annually, at least. Before lecturing in New York Mr. Waldstein had visited Rome and spoken on the matter with the king, Signor Glolitti and Signor Orlando, then minister of public instruction. He had even ob­ tained from Signor Orlando a letter warmly com­ mending the project, but in no way engaging his responsibility. As soon as the idea became known in Italy the press raised violent protests and Signor Orlando was obliged to withdraw his moral sut>port from Mr. Waldstein. Two years later an under secretary of state for education declared in the chamber of deputies that the Italian government reserved to itself the faculty of making the necessary excavations, and that a commission had been appointed with this object and funds supplied to the general di­ rection of fine arts and antiquities, the direction of which had just been placed under Signor Cor- rado Ricci, a world renowned writer on art. Mr Waldstein later published an account of his ill luck in Italy and America in a book upon Herculaneum which was much appreciated ("Her­ culaneum, Past, Present and Future," by Charles Waldstein; London; Macmlllan &. Co.. 1908). I saw Signor Giacomo Boni this morning at the excavations on Mount Palatino. where he has just made some lucky finds, which led him to ask humbly: "Am I worthy of It?" He declared to me that he knew nothing of any project of Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan in regard to the question of excavations at Herculaneum--a question, more­ over, that has been settled. Signor Corrado Rlcci, general director of fine arts and antiquities, repeated the same thing to me. He added. "Tl\p Italian government will never--I repeat never--give permission to any one whatever to search the soil of the fatherland. We are not Turkey! Even though foreign gov­ ernments should express the desire to excavate In- certain places to complete their studies, we should hasten to undertake the work ourselves, at^our own expense, and to place the material unearthed at the disposal of whoever wishes to study them. "This is what we have Just done for the Grand Dnchy of Baden, which desired to know what wu hidden under the soil of Loerla, in Crotona, in OF*JZ7?(?0 spends Prom two to three millions yearly in digging. The excavations at Pom­ peii alone co6t 200,000 lire a year. The government will also search the soil of Herculaneum, but thc.t Is not so simple an under­ taking as the uncovering of Pompeii, over which vineyards and olive groves hkve spread. Above Her- Magna Graecia. We ex­ pended 30.000 lire to satis­ fy the wish. That is what we did also for the Brit­ ish Archaeological school in Rome, which desired to complete special re­ searches in the Forum of Nerva. "The Italian govern­ ment," 8ignor Corrado Ricci continued, "already culaneum the city of Reslna is built and the ex­ propriation of the land there is not so eaBy as In the case of Pompeii. We have under considera­ tion a bill dealing with the proprietorship of archaeological subsoils, which will probably al­ low us to excavate Herculaneum by a series of underground galleries without demolishing the pretty little town which stands smilingly above It. A commission has been appointed with this object. There is no Immediate call for the under­ taking except that due to our praiseworthy curios­ ity. The world of science can wait; It has yet to study at least three-quarters of the objects found at Pompeii and in the vicinity, and the jewels of art which are hidden under the lava are not perishing. On the contrary, the frescoes uncov­ ered at Pompeii some fifty years ago are spoil­ ing and falling into ruin under the action pf the air and damp." It is little wonder that the entire world has been BO deeply interested in the excavations at Herculaneum and that archaeologists and his­ torians have treasured such an ardor for the completion1 of the unearthing of the ancient city for so many years, for the conditions of its tragic engulfment were such that it is generally believed these rulnB more than any others will present a complete picture of the life of the times before the sepulture of the city. The more suddenly the forces of nature did their work of destruction the mere perfect have been found to be all the details of the buildings and their fur­ nishings when the work of excavation has been completed. In the other cities where great exca­ vations have been made the destruction was more gradual and great havoc was wrought before the final sepulture took place. Thus, although some of the other points at which excavations have been made were of greater importance in the ancient world than was Herculaneum. it of­ fers the most perfect opportunities for beholding an ancient settlement as It existed, with few important details destroyed or disturbed. Another point which contributes to the grteater Importance of Herculaneum as a field for archaeo­ logical investigation is that the suddenness of the disaster from which it suffered made it impos­ sible for the inhabitants to make an effort to save any of the valuable articles of their homes by attempting to remove them to some distant place. In Pompeii, for Instance, there was ample time to remove many of the most precious be­ longings of the inhabitants. But in Herculaneum this seems to have been impossible, and the val­ uable objects of the rich households were buried beneath the mass of liquid mud which inundated the city as securely as if they had been locked in impregnable vaults. This mud 'was an extra­ ordinarily successful preserving fluid, to Judge from the finds which have been made, for instead of the surface of objects having been burned and charred by hot ashes, as was the case at Pompeii, at Herculaneum the objects discovered by the excavators were many of them in wonderfully perfect condition. Bronze, marble and glass ob­ jects were none of them severely damaged, and manuscripts were sufficiently preserved to raaKe possible their restoration to a degree which is high­ ly satisfactory to archaeologists and historians That the modern world will be able to obtain a better Illustration of Hellenic culture as it was represented in a Graeco-Roman town from the excavations at Herculaneum than from those at Pompeii is the belief of many who have made a comparative study of the ruined cities. They ad­ duce this belief from the fact that Herculaneum Is believed to have been less of a commercial settlement than was Pompeii, and that its in­ habitants were greatly more interested in the fine arts and in all that pertained to the most advanced thought and culture of the times. The lieved to have been an aggregation of merchants very largely, and a6 such they were not particularly representative of the life and thought of the most highly cultivated people of the times. Ore of the reasons; for this belief in the different character of the two cities is the dis­ covery of such a large number of manuscripts at Herculaneum, whereas at Pompeii no manuscripts have been discovered. Some students of the ex­ cavations attribute this fact to the greater de­ struction that took place at Pompeii or to the fact that so many of the valu­ ables were removed, but this point of view is dis­ puted by many persons, yho are of the belief that no manuscripts existed in this city of merchants. Herculaneum in the time of its prosperity oc­ cupied to Rome somewhat the position which a suburban town of wealth in the vicinity of a great city fills today. Well-to-do citizens of Rome resorted thither for the benefit of their health, as its air was believed to be particularly exhilarating. Rest and quiet from the disturbing influences of the great center were found in the luxurious villas which were situated in and around Herculaneum. There seems to have been no industry In the town except fishing, and the character of the ruins suggests that, like such a prosperous suburban retreat of today, the settle­ ment rejoiced In all that wealth and care could afford of beauty and convenience. Agrippina the elder, according to Seneca, was the owner of one of the most gorgeous of the villas In Herculaneum, which, It is believed, was destroyed by the Emperor Caligula because his mother had once been imprisoned therein. An­ other splendid villa was the Casa del PaplrL The Nonll of Nuceria were also among the aristocrats of the time who had villas in the charming little town. According to Profesor Hughes, "Herculaneum Is buried not under lava, rarely under natural cement, but generally under locally consolidated tuff (tuff is the word most commonly used when the ash Is so far consolidated as to break into lumps). Seeing that we have reason to believe that at least as much ash has fallen since the first century A. D. as fell In 79 A. D., the first thing to do is to endeavor to distinguish between the successive eruptions. If we could find at the bottom of a layer of ash Just enough pottery or other relics to enable us to identify them as be­ longing to the seventeenth century or earlier, that line should be traced with the greatest care. In this way we might feel our way back Into the remote past and perhaps somewhere make out upon satisfactory evidence how deep some part of Herculaneum was burled in the eruption of 79 A. D." On® Of the largest bankB in Holland has been doing a big business in Western Canada, and Mr. W. Wester- man, the President, on a recent visit Into the Provinces of Manitoba, Sas­ katchewan and Alberta, expressed himself as being much impressed with present conditions and prospects, and was convinced that the great pros­ perity of the Dominion was not a boom, but merely the outcome of nat­ ural developments. Not only has money been lnvesfed largely in Western Canada by the Holland Banks, but by those of Ger­ many, France, as well as Great Brit­ ain. Not only are these countries con­ tributing money, but they are also contributing people, hard headed, in­ dustrious farmers, who are helping to produce the two hundred million bus1\ els of wheat and the three hundred million bushels of the other small grains that the Provinces of the West have harvested this season. During the past fiscal year there came into Canada from the United States 133,730; from Austria Hungary 21,651; from Belgium 1,601; Holland 1,077; France 2,094; Germany 4,664; Sweden 2,394; Norway 1,692; and from all Countries the immigration to Canada in that year was 354,237 From the United States and foreign countries the figures will be increased during the present year. Most of these people have gone to the farms, and it is no far look to the time when the prophecy will be ful­ filled of half a billion bushel crop of wheat in Western Canada. Advertise ment. NOT NEW. il Fisherman'* Luclr for Duke's Mixture Smokers" Good tobacco and a good reel! That's surely a lucky combination for the angrier--and here's the wajr you » have them both. Daisy--By the way, Frank, that's a lovely waistcoat you have. New, isn't it? Frank--No. Daisy--Strange; I never saw It be­ fore. Frank--That's because my brother never called on you. At! smokni should know Duke's Mixture made bjr Liggett <$• Myers at Durham, N. C. Pay what you will, you cannot get better granulated tobacco for 5c than the big ounce and a half sack of Duke's Mixture. And with each of these big sacks yoa get a book of cigarette papers FREE. Get a Good Fishing Red Free br saving the Coupons now packed in Lxggttt £ JVmti Duke's Mixture. Or, if you don't want a reel--get any one of tne hundreds of other articles. In the list you will find something for every member of the family. Pipes, cigarette cases, catcher's gloves, cameras, watches, toilet articles, etc. These handsome presents cost you nothing--not one cent. They simply express our appreciation of your patronage. Remember--yon still get the same big one and a half ounce sack for 5c --enough to roil many cigarettes. During November andDecmm- be-t • ••'('•*, toe will send ofir new Uluttratmd catalogue of present* FREE,, Simply send us your name and address. Cotipats from Duie's may it assorted with tags frwm HORSE SHOE, J,T„TfMSLE1PS NATURAL LEA1 GRANGER TWIST,, ampom- from FOUR ROSES (Ilk-tin double pick: plug cut,, pied-. MONT CIGARETTES, CiiA Ci. GARETTES, and other tegs W tampons tssutdby ut. Premium Dept. SMALL STORES BOOMING. Certain Retailers Have Not Been Injured by Great Enterprises. "When, a while ago, the great stores had so Increased in size and In the multiplicity of things they dealt In that they could supply about every human requirement," said a city dweller, "some people thought that the day of the small store­ keeper was over, that the little storekeeper couldn't compete with the big one, but the small store is still doing business. I see now as many of them If not more than ever before; and at this, at first, I wondered; but I don't wonder so much now, since our baby came. "Of course I don't refer here to grocery stores and butcher shops and various smaller stores fur­ nishing food supplies, which must always re­ main everywhere; I am speaking of those other many smaller stores, supplying dry goods and fancy goods and hardware and housefurnishings. These are the little stores that were to be put out of business, but which do not seem to have gone. And what has the baby to do with all this? I'll tell you. "The mother with a young child, whether Bhe Is with or without servants, sticks pretty close to home, the better to look after the baby's wel­ fare. For her minor shopping, anyway, she doesn't go fan^ She finds that In her neighbor­ hood there are many little shops where they sell many things, and if she finds these places to be nice little shops, where they keep nice things, se­ lected with taste and Judgment, she keeps on buying there steadily. "There are thousands of such shoppers scat­ tered everywhere about the city, making business for the neighborhood shopkeeper. The great stores do a great business, whose vast volume an­ nually Increases, but there appears still to be room for the little storekeeper, too, If he will make his store and hiB goods attractive, and do business in a really businesslike way." Defined. "What would you call that expression of old Trifit'B faceT" "That depends. His enemies call It a ChessV cat grin, but his friends speak of it as an in- scrutible smile." inhabitants of Pompeii, on the other hand, are be- Doing Her Best. "Do you try to be all things to all men?" "I do what I can to cater to a preference," an­ swered the summer girl. "I've been both a blonde and a brunette this past month." GIVE WELCOME TO CRICKET Ancient Superstition Still Lives Many Parts of England and Scotland. In The cricket on the hearth is still a welcome guest in many English households, says a/writer In the Lon­ don Chronicle. For the cricket is be­ lieved to bring good luck to a house, while his departure is a certain har­ binger of evil tidings. It is unlucky to kill s cricket. There Is a local superstition in Lancashire "that crick­ ets are lucky about a house, and will do no harm to those who use them well; but that they will eat holes In worsted stockings of- such members of the family as kill them." The writer adds that he was assured of this "on the experience of a respect­ able farmer's family." The cricket superstition Is not con­ fined to England. Sir William Jar- dine noted Its existence in Scotland last century. More widespread, how­ ever, is the death watch superstition. I confess that the ticking of a death watch at night gives me an uncanny feeling. Sir Thomas Browne, in his "Vulgar Errors," was probably the first to give a true account of this death watch: " * • * the noise is made by a Utile sheath winged gray insect, found often in walnBcot bench­ es and woodwork in the summer. We have taken many thereof, and kept them in thin boxes; wherein I have heard and seen them work and knock with a little proboscis or trunk against the side of the box. like a plscus martius. or woodpecker, against a tree" But explanations, however clear, do not dispel superstitions, and the "sheath wing insect** still ticks terror into the hearts of watchers about a sick bed. THE RIGHT SOAP FOR BABY'S SKIN In the care of baby's skin and hair, Cutlcura Soap is the mother's fa­ vorite. Not only is it unrivaled in purity and refreshing fragrance, but its gentle emollient properties are usually sufficient to allay minor irri­ tations, remove redness, roughness and chafing, soothe sensitive condi­ tions, and promote skin and hair health generally. Assisted by Cutl­ cura Ointment, it is most valuable In the treatment of eczemas, rashes and other Itching, burning Infantile emp. lions. Cutlcura Soap wears to a wafer, often outlasting several cakes of ordi­ nary soap and making its use most economical. Cutlcura Soap and Ointment sold throughout the world. Sample of each free with 32-p. Skin Book Address post-card "Cutlcura, Dept. L, Boston." Adv. English 8tump 8peech. A correspondent, "Old Brtney," sends us the following specimen of frenzied stump oratory: "Feller blokes! Thanks ter th' guv'ment, yer got yer d'mlnishln' wage, and yer lit­ tle loaf, an' all that. Wotcher got ter do *now is ter go fer devil-ootion and local anatomy, an' go it blind!" (Loud cheers.)--London Globe. I P Important to Mothers Examine carefully every bottle of CASTORIA, a safe and sure remedy for infants and children, and see that It Bears the Signature o( In Use For Over 30 Years. Children Cry for Fletcher's Castoria Their Use. "Why do ships have needle guns?" "To thread their way with, stupid." Only a lawyer or a detective can mind his own business when he pries into other people's. The mild mellow quality of LEWIS' Single Binder cigar ia what the amokera want. Adv. Does a woman feel glad or sorry when she cries at a wedding? CURES BURNS AND CUTS. Cole's CarbolisaJva stops tha pain inntantfy. Lurea auick. No scar. All druggists. 25 and50c. Adv. of Irish potatoes in the neighborhood of Natchez, Mississippi, an average of 200 bushels to the acre. The same land planted immediately in corn yielded 60 bu to the acre. This is the experience of Waldo Henderson, Natchez. Miss, Go South and Prosper The land is cheap and terms are easy. Can you imagine getting 200 bnshsfr of potatoes and 60 bushels of corn per acre In one year in the North? 'Write for booklets giving you full information about the prices of land. J. C.CLAIR, (migration Commissioner, Room L600 III. Central Station,Cfaieago What a Question. "There is a use for everything." "Huh! Has anyone ever found sensible use for 4 l>Bonograph ?" To Rent Florida Winter Home k urniafeML Tttufcvllle, Indian Biver. Ktarf comfort, 6 moms, bath, ei&ctrto light, Browing cliy, tftxKi school^ charc) kit- ut S&U) {ter month! 1 taken l»» the year. T. G. Ifciiilitrr TITUSVtUJE, F10UM FOLEY KIDNEY RILLS Backacbe, Rheumatism,, Kidneys and Bladder tMIY ARl: HiOH£ST QUAMTteS CONTAIN H O HAilt fOKM iMG DHUGS MH*. SAFC. £»U ASig AINU SAVC YOU MONEY COLT DISTEMPER -v sick Bita aaci ' flnm Itt fctabUv no unat ter h-t>w kept from h&v toi? tbl <!!•• LIQUID" mSTEMPER CUKE. Gi*# oq . iMi,. b.t this toiitfuts of lot feed, AcuT cm tbo bis &U forma or d5ssu»rjap*-r. Steut OunimtUw 'u,- cam a ; ISi tl'-Miuteeis of druggijit^aiid harness de&iees,, or&eot express pa ad bf uuaiiafifcct.1 evm. <vt ehuws .how to i*>att3ee throate. Our from Itooktet Local weuiUKiL &elllag iuts&y iu: twelve iiij rtftr i M»OHK MEDIO At. CO.. Qostwit. 1*4, «.«.*• .L.DOUGLAS <3.00 *3.50 NO *5.01 FOR EYE Success cannot turn a man's head If he has a stiff neck. W k imi E. Ctleai lagUui, D C. Books! 1 eot rtierenuet. B<ai f uiw. M^Wiab. frW: Notwithstandlng ail tha arguments that have taken place, few disputed questions have been settled. Atan to make that strong--and digestion good--and you will keep weLI I No*chain is stronger than its weakest link. No man is stronger than his stomach. With stomach disordered a train of disotnrn follow. Golden Medical Discovery make* 4k« atom&ch be»Hhy, the liver active mnd the blood pure. fr«*» forest roots, and extracted without th« uh ot alcohol. Sold by tirujrsrj«t». to liquid form ILuO per bottle for or«r 40 yean, gftinf g«o«kl Mu^xacuoo. M tm prefer tablets u MdiM kyR. V. Pierce, Jf. D-. these eaa to ba< ef medlclee dealers or trlaJ boE by Heail en ree«i9t«fSOclBitenp» FOR MEN ANu WOMEN Bmg* mmmr Mr, Ju 0ZMOr $dc.HO Mt £3.GO Stshomi < Sliumm, bmammmm m wlif oirtircar (k fimlmm st mhtmm* smtsm si Om smmm'm atea W.L.DougIa* make* and sella more $3.00,$3.50 A. $4.00 ikofc tlmm amy other mtuiufactur61* In the ** .>rl«i THE STANDARD OF QUALITY FOR OVER 30 YEARS. The workmanship which haa made W. L. Dooglaa aboea famous the wosU over ia maintained in every pair. Aak your dealer to show you W. L. Douglas latest faahiona for fail and winter Wear, notice the ahort vamps which make the foot look smaller, point* in* shoe particularly desired by young men. Alao the conservative styles which hare made W. L. Douglas shoes a household word everywhere. If you could viait W. L. Douglas large factories at Brockton, Maia , aad see for yourself how carefully W. L. Douglas shoes are made, you would thea M* derstand why they are warranted to fit better, look better, hold their shape tad wear longer than any other make for the price. Fast Cotor ijeieii. CAUTION. --To protwt you sftiut inferior ikoet, W. L Dowlas (tamps Us mom <m> the b«S- torn. Look ftr tiie aUmp. Beware of sub$t)tute«. W. L Dougla* thorn* ia s S c-wgt •toret Buik<i shoe where., No matter where you live, they .are withiss If your de*ler cannot supply you» write diiect to factory for catalog «howi&n how to try mail. Shoe& sent every where. cbarge* preyaxL WJ--Dou«lat*, Brockt^^ Mas®* 'J wABSORflaOL'SSSr ~ ™ Painful, Knotted, SwoilsSl Veins, Milk Leg, Mam- mi tis, Old Sores, Ulcers* It is healing, soothing, strengthening and invig­ orating--allays pain and inflammation promptly. Germi- cide and antiseptic. Mrs. K. M. Kemler, R. D. No. Federal, Kan., had enlarged veins that finally broke, causing con­ siderable loss of blood. Used ABSORBINE, JR. and reported Nov. 5, 1910. veins entirely healed* swelling and discoloration gone and has had no trouble with them since July, 1909. ABSORBINE, JR^ 'is invaluable as a general house* hold liniment, for the cuts aad bruises that the children get, croups deep-seated colds, stift-neck, sore* throat. Removes fatty bunches* goitre, enlarged glands, wen$fcl cysts, weeping sinews, etc. #t.oo and #2.00 per bottle at druggists it delivered. Book 3 G fre^L. V.F.Y«ngAlM1QT«B;te$t • W. N. tJ., CHICAGO, NO. 46-1912.