*# ' * *** " sPSBSSPli - * 1 >• fi*C\ FEDERAL PROTECTION J OF BIRDS By WILLIAM i. HCRNADA Y Director of the Ne*rv York Zoological Pdtrk \ |<The bird portraits with this article are | from tlie "American Natural History." topyrtg-ht, 1904, by William T Hornaday, 're reproduced here by the permission of Uto publishers, Charles Scribner's Sons.) HE United States de partment of agricul ture is responsible f o r t h e s t a r t - ling statement that, in the year 1904, in sect pests cost this country no less than $420,100,000 Here are the figures of government experts: Product. Cereals Hay Cotton Tobacco Truck crops Sugars Fruits Fartn forests Miscellaneous crops Total Percentage Amount of I.osa. of I.oss 1200.000,000 i8.«X>.0<>0 60.»U.'XK'i 5,300.'>00 63.0"<>.0fi0 5,00<'.0"0 27.iKiO.fiO"> 11.1*0". OO0 6.SOO.OO" >420,100.000 Keeping in m i n d t h i s enormous loss, consider also the following fads: (1) That insectivorous birds do more than all other agcncies com bined to ke< p dow n insect pests; ( 2 ) That such birds undoubtedly are rapidly decreasing in number; and that., therefore, (3) Destructive insects are, in all probability, increasing very rapidly. •ms?M The Robin. High ly Valuable as an Insect and Grub Destroyer, But Murdered by the Thousands for Pot-Pies in the South. with the result that the damage they do is mounting up, yea* by year It is perfectly apparent that here Is a situation which demands immedi ate action, and that this action should bring about the vigilant protection for all time, and in all parts of the coun try, of all insectivorous birds. Many of the most useful of these birds are already on the tobogganslide to ward extermination, as the result of stupid state legislation, or the lax en forcement of such laws as have been enacted. To be explicit: There are seven states in which the robin is being legally killed by the tens of thousands annually as "game"! These states are Louisiana, Mississip pi, Florida, South Carolina, North Car olina, Tennessee and Maryland. The black bird is legalized "game," and sufTers the same fate in four states--Louisiana, South Carolina, Tennessee and Pennsylvania--and the .District of Columbia besides. Doves are slaughtered by the whole sale in 26 states, much to the loss of the farmers," for this bird 4s a great eater of weed seeds. Cranes, which are also very useful birds, are much hunted for food and for "sport" in Color§9o, Nebraska, North Dakota and Oklahoma. Of the sixty-odd species of shore- birds (i. e., snipe, curlews, plover, sandpipers and the like), at least 30 feed on noxious insects; yet all of these birds are rapidly disappearing. According to Mr. W L. McAtee of the The Jacksnipe. I A Useful Bird Which Is Hapldly Becora- j lng Extinct. j exterminated, and other curlews great- : ly reduced. . . ^So adverse to the I shorebirds are present conditions that I the wonder is that any escape. In both fall and spring they are shot along the whole route of their migra tion north and south. The accompanying illustrations pre sent portraits of a group of birds, most of which the average person probably knows by sight, though 1 fear that only a small minority have a clear idea of their very great economic worth. The jacksnipe (or Wilson's snipe) is one of the shorebirds (referred to by Mr. McAtee), which, as a family, are being rapidly exterminated. It de stroys large numbers of worms and larvae, for which it probes with its long bill in the soft earth of corn and potato fields--thereby doing the farm er a great service--as well as along the shores of ponds, lakes and streams. It also feeds on grasshoppers and other injurious insects. It should be carefully protected, especially dur ing the breeding season. The kildeer plover is another valu able and beautiful shorebird wtlich is being hunted to death. It frequents meadows and pasture lands, as well as shores, and devours great quanti ties of mosquitoes, crane flies, grass hoppers, army worms, cut worms, caterpillars, cotton boll weevils, clover- leaf weevils, rice weevils, marine worms, wire worms and crayfish. Doubtless every body knows the rob in. perhaps the most democratic of our birds, beloved in the northern states for his cheerful song and his hand some appearance, glad everywhere to be the companion and the friend of man when he is well treated, and high ly valuable as a destroyer of harmful grubs, worms and InsectB. Yet this bird is murdered literally by the thou sands for pot-pies by negroes and poor whites in the southern states above mentioned, and is more or less hunted in other states. Mr. E. A. Mcllhenny, who lives on Avery Island, La., says that during the ten days or two weeks of the "robin season" (in January when the berries are ripe) at l«<ist 10,000 of these useful and beau tiful birds are slaughtered daily for the pot. "Every negro man and boy who can raise a gun is after them," says Mr. Mcllhenny. Although this bird causes some loss to small fruit growers, it certainly does vastly more good than harm. It Is constantly at work on lawns and fields hunting for destructive insects, which it is exceedingly difficult, to keep in control. It devours many caterpillars, including hairy species, which infest the orchard, woodland and shade trees. Forty per cent, of its food is insects, and 43 per cent, wild fruit. It would pay the farmer well to go some expense in order to keep the robins away from his fruit trees and berry bushes rather thar shoot these birds which are so useful to him in many ways. To mur der them for pot-pies is, of course, nothing short of barbarous1 The purple martin is also fond of MAN SHOOTS WIFE WHO SOUGHT DEATH the society of man, and' when not molested by the villainous English sparrows--and still more villainous men by whom it is shot for food, chiefly in the south--it is glad to breed in birdhouses near human habi tations It males a charming neigh- The Kildeer Plover. Another Valuable Shorebird Wh>ak De stroys Great Quantities of Worms and Insects. The Purple Martin. An industrious Hunter of Mosquitoes and Otlx i U.inKeroiis Insects, Which Itself Is Being Hunted to Death as Food. bor and a very useful one, for it is re markably swift and graceful on the wing, and is expert and persistent in catching rose beetles, May beetles, cucumber beetles, mosquitoes, hrase flies and flies that trouble horses and cattle. One observer records that 32 parent martins made 3,275 vis its to their young in. one Jay, each visit meaning, probably, anywhere from one to half a dozen insects. The nighthawk (also called "bull- bat"/ i" probably one of the most useful of birds. It feeds exclusively on insects, and ranks next to the golden-winged woodpecker (flicker) as a feathered destroyer of ants, which it takes when they are in the winged stage. Potato beetles, cucumber bee tles, leaf hoppers, bugs of various kinds and enormous quantities of gnats and mosquitoes are found in their stom achs. They are entirely harmless, for they never feed on fruit, grain, grass or vegetables. Yet they are being hunted for sport and are being exter minated. The loggerhead (or southern) shrike is a champion pest destroyer, a large The Nighthawk. One of the Most Useful of Insectlvoroua Birdd Which Is Being Hunted fori "Sport" and Exterminated. \ \ percentage of its food being harm ful rodents and destructive insects, the latter including grasshoppers, crickets and moths, which it frequent ly impales upon thorns or Bharp twigB. It sometimes catches young birds (though this is more characteristic of the northern shrike, or butcher bird,), but its diet is chiefly insects and small rodents. It is, therefore, very valu able to the farmer. The golden-winged woodpecker (also called "flicker," "hlghhole," etc.) is an industrious tree protector, and the most efficient of all feathered ant- eaters. It Is also feeds freely upon bee tles, grasshoppers, crickets, caterpil lars, and other harmful insects, as well as on weed seds. Yet it is rapidly growing rare because it is much hunted for food. It should be pro tected everywhere and at all times. In view of the decrease already ac complished in *he general volume of bird life in America, in view of the enormous losses annually inflicted up on the people of this country by the ravages of insects, and in view of the destruction of wild life which is now furiously proceeding throughout Amer ica, the McLean bill, which is now be fore congress, to provide for the fed eral protection of all migratory birds, becomes the most important wild life meapi'.re that ever came before that body. In view of the annual economic loss that will continue as long as a federal migratory bird bill fails to pass, it is impossible for anyone to put forth one good reason--unless it be on purely technical grAinds--against that measure The Weeks bill, before the | lower house of congress, is precisely | like the McLean bill, and it matters j not which one passes first. ' Unless the people of this country wish to shut their eyes to their own interests, and pay out millions of dol lars annually in the form of increased cost of living due to the losses caused by i nsect pests which would be destroyed by the birds, they should demand that a federal migratory bird bill be at once enacted into a law. It is Senate Bill No. 6497, and on the senate calendar It is No. 606. We can not afford to wait until 1914 or 1915, and congress has full power to act this winter. Paris Stirred by Piteous Story of Love and Suffering of Couple. Paris.--State and medical authori ties here are discussing the question whether a husband is Justified in end ing the sufferings of a wife afflicted with an incurable disease. Emile Breguery, formerly a magis trate, sixty years old, the other day fired three 'shpts from a revolver into the head of his wife, killing her in stantaneously. She was flfty-flve years old, and suffering from cancer of the liver. She had begged her hus band for days to put her out of her misery. For many years the couple had lived happily together in the village of Sannois in the Department of the Seine and Oise. A year ago, lin.uiiimi ALCOHOL--3 PER CENT AVegetabk Preparation for AS- r ifpr* M ^ firrTf f >»# • i , . T ' ,c , / hi r Prrimnfep ness and Rest Contain; neither Opium.Morphine nor Mineral NOT NAR C OTIC Arw you DrSAMELM&at f\myrln'n $«t*i - JlxStnnu » fotAelU » y4ntJ* StrJ « ftpptrmint. = hirm Send - Sneer- A perfect Remedy for Constipa tion . Sour Stomach, Diarrhoea, Worms .Convulsions .Feverish- ncss and LOSS OF SLEEP Facsimile S'gnalure of THE CENTAUR COMPANY. NEW YORK GASTORIA Pot fofanfg and Children. Tha Kind Yon Have Always Bought Bears the Signature of cm m DISGRACED: HAREMS OUT OF DATE IN TURKEY •#- Golden Winged Woodpecker. Great Tree-Protector, fin! i" mm pi Ant-Destroyer Wlilch Is 1.x- termlnied by Pot-Hu bureau of biological survey i United States department of agricultural "The black-bellied plover, or beetle- head. which occurred alopR^he Atlan- I -sultan," her whole title being "Kha- tic coaBt in great numbeijs^ Only the Sultan Adheres to the Old Style Oriental Institution--Mod ern Turk Resorts to Divorce. The domestic arrangements of the sultan are entirely different from those of his subjects. Most Turks have one wife; the sultan has no recognized sultana. Turks of high rank marry into their own class; the sultan forms unions with women of slave origin. The ordinary man may not look upon an unveiled woman ex cept she be his relation or servant; the sultan has the right to talk with any woman in the land face to face. Turks of position model their house holds more or less on the European plan; the sultan's household iB orien tal. That does not mean that in the im perial palace you would "find women Hipping sherbet or smoking narghilehs or clad in baggy trousers On the contrary, you would find them smok ing nothing more oriental than a cigarette, sitting on a European chair --and. ygs. wearing corsets! But the code of morals is entirely different, says the New York Sun. The imperial harem is, founded on the old court system of th^ Byzantine emperors and has an etiquette and law of its own The first fact one must grasp is that the wives or favorites of the sultan have no im portance at all They are nobodies The daughter of a Circassian peasant may be honored by the sultan's favor and even bear him a child, but yet be distinguished by no other title than the commonplace "Kadin Effen di." Only the mother of the eldest son receives the royal designation of a r s ago, is now seen only as a B t r f a g ' j r i e r T h e . o l d e n p l o v e r , o n c e e x c e e d i n g l y a b u n dant e;ist of the Great Plains, us now rare... The Eskimo curlew with in the last decade has probably been Epscooa l Cure for Rheumatism. Kev Jc&'fiua Kimber, in his interest ing remiiiihc<nces, which have been running through the Living church (Milwaukee), tells the following anec dote of the late Bishop Horatio Pot ter: He had been journeying up the easi b a n k o f t h e H u d s o n r i v e r , s t o p p i n g t o f confirmation each day at adjoining parishes. When he reached Pougta- keepsie he saw a woman at the rail waiting for confirmation whose face he was aura he recognized and was reki sultan." Her dignity only results from her being the mother of a possible heir to the throne; that Is, in the event that the Bultan has no brothers, for the brothers have the right of prece- somewhat familiar with. He was also certain that she had been con firmed within the week at another place. The bishop whispered to her to remain after service, and said. "My dear madam, what do you mean, by coming for confirmation? I am sure I confirmed you on Monday at Buch a place. Did I not?" She said, "You certainly did. I have been fol lowing you up the river and hare been confirmed every day this week." He, astonished, said, "Why did you do that?" Whereupon she replied, "Be- dence as the elder male descendants. And the royal favorite of the moment will have transitory importance on account of the influence which she may exercise over the sultan Royal princesses are considered in ferior to the mother of the sultan, who is the real queen of the little world of the harem, has absolute authority, a large staff of officials and the su preme title of "Valide sultan." Thus it happens that a woman of slave birth may, if she be the mother of an heir to the throne, eventually become the highest woman of the land. Every royal princess has her dalra, or separate apartments, slaves, ser vants and so on, the management of the household being given over to her kalfas. or ladies In "waiting--that Is to say, Turkish women of good birth who have remained unmarried. Royal princesses rarely take a hus band of their own rank. They are generally married by the sultan to the sons of men of wealth and posi tion, such as pashas, officers of state, high civil officials and the like, a policy which Is founded on a very practical reason, namely, that the ar rangement makes the existence of a heriditary aristocracy impossible. One of the paradoxes in Turkey is that the poorer a Turkish woman Is the greater her freedom. The rich woman canont move a step unaccom panied. She pees Constantinople only from the windows of her closed brougham or through a veil thick enough to act as a mask. She may dress as exqulsltetly as a mannequin In a Paris dressmaker's showroom, but she must not display so much as an inch of embroidery in public When her husband wants to take 4 Becond wife, or grows tired of her and wishes to divorce her, he has both the opportunity and the means If he is a rich man. It is not chic among Turks of any education to take a Becond wife; but divorce is re- The Loggerhead Shr ike . Fifty-nine Per Cent, of Its Food Is In- •ects, and Twenty-eight Per Cent. Ia Harmful Rodents. placing polygamy--a simple repudia tion by the husband of his wife, pro vided he is well enough off to pay the nekyah or marriage settlement, which he is legally btund to hand over to her. The woman of the poorest classes can go out alone. Custom does not oblige her to wear her veil down. Should her husband, in a fit of anger, wish to divorce her, he must first of all produce the Nekyah, the dowry, I in ready money, not an easy matter j for a poor man. The real danger to domestic happl- : ness in the great m^iss of Turkish i homes is the growing tendency of di- j vorce, and a divorce wholly favorable [ to the man as against the woman. I The payment of the modest nekyah arranged at the time of his marriage I is a simple affair, and it is seldon? [ enough to keep the divorced wife for j the rest of her days. She Is forced to take refuge with her parents or to find shelter with some of her friends. For Ho.urs He Sat Distracted. Madame Breguery had an attack of paralysis, followed by the develop ment of cancer of the liver. The doctors concealed the truth about the cancer from both the patient and her husband. Twic^ Madame Breguery tried to end her misery. The first time her husband snatched a revolver from her hand and the second time 6he tried death by gas. So great was her pain that after each rescue she begged her husband t» kill her. A few days ago there was a heart rending scene. Madame Breguery implored her sister, Madame Baron, to end her life. The sister refused. Frantic with pain -the sufTerer called her a coward. She called her hus band and then for fonr days follow ing begged him to help her take the only way out of pain. Driven well-nigh mad by the pray ers and suffering of his wife. Monsieur Breguery took a revolver and shot her three times. For two hours he sat distracted by the body of the dead wife, then went to a police sta tion and told what he had done. The wife's sister praised him for his action. There Is a strong sentiment here in favor of exonerating Monsieur Bre guery. TO KEEP HER BABIES YOUNG Day on Which Women Rule. Candlemas day Is not celebraied in Holland much more than in England, but its place is taken by a festival un- j known In this country. Slipper day in I the Netherlands Is the one day In the I year in which the Dutch woman | claims superiority over her husband. 1 On that day she rules him to her j heart s content, and he generally i obeys good humoredly enough. That I Is, unless she is one of those ladles i not unknown in Holland or in any other country who aspire to complete rule over their unhappy partners throughout the year -- Philadephia In quirer. cause I heard It was good for rheuma tism." Recipes for Longevity. The late John Bigelow, the patri arch of diplomats and authors, and the no less distinguished physician and author, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, were to gether several years ago at West Point. Dr. Bigelow was then ninety- two and Dr. Mitchell eighty. The conversation turned to the sub ject of age. "I attribute my many years," said Dr. Bigelow, "to the taot Jumped, Killed; Sta>ed, Safe. Ernest Woods, fireman, jumped and was killed, while Fred Lebush, en gineer, stayed at his post and escaped death when the train from St. Albans, which they were driving, collided with an engine In the Grand Trunk yards at Montreal Woods had barely leaped from the engine when the baggage car toppled over upon him. that I have been most abstemious I have eaten sparingly, and have not used tobacco, and have taken little exercise " "It is Just the reverse In my case," explained Dr. Mitchell. "I have eaten just as much as I wished, If I could get it: I have always iQed tobacco, immod erately at times; and I have always taken a great deal bf exercise." With that, Ninety-Two Years shool< his head at Eighty Years and said "Well, you will never live to be olc man!"--Llpplncott's. Cleveland Woman Trains Three Little Ones So They Will Stav at Cradle Age. ^ Cleveland, Ohio.--In a* little kitchen at her home, Mrs. Mood Thol' has bat tled with nature for years secretly in an effort to keep time from touching her babies. Around hor feet crept three children two, three and four years old. Vic tims of a st/ange code her ingenuity devised to prevent them advancing be yond the cradle, they laughed, kicked their feet and waved their hs&da as she crooned over them. The eldest boy did not creep faster or with greater ease than the younger on«s. He mumbled incoherently, tug ged at his mother's dress and slob bered over a little bib, when she tick led him beneath the chin. He is barely larger than a child of two years and apparently has not advanced in tellectually beyond the cradle. To further defeat their development, the mother has never fed them any thing except baby food. What lay beyond the door, through which a stranger never passed, they had no idea. Neighbors say the woman never took her children away from home. Occasionally in the hot summer, they say, she would wheel them away in the darkness, but always guarded them closely from the gaze of any persons. "She has a strange desire always to keep them babies," Deputy Sheriff Sobczak said. "The four-year-old boy can not talk or walk. He is not as large as an ordinary youngster eigh teen months old." Several days ago William Jones, clerk of the probate court, discovered the plight of the children and investi gated. He continued the invesgtiga- tlon until he made sure the children were not imbeciles. James and Sobczak went to the house, arrested the woman and took her to the city hospital. The children will be placed in an institution. Dog Routs Two Robbers. Kansas City -- Followed by bis bull dog, E. O. Moffat was taking a stroll near his residence in the southern part of this city when two men, with leveled pistols, stepped from behind a tree and demanded his money. Moffat's cries for help were answered by the dog, which made a vicious at tack on the highwaymen, who fled with the dog in pursuit. The dog re turned to its master a few minutes later. "Money could not buy that dog iow," Moffat said as he reported the incident to the police. I "We dined out last evening. Pa dis graced us, as usual." vHow so." "Got to the end of the dlnn.er with three forks and two spoons still unused." Both Vows Broken. Apropos of the anti-vivlsectionists' fight against the Nobel prize award to Dr. Alexis Carrel of the Rockefel ler institute, Prof: Herbert Satterley said the other day in Jacksonville: "These antis contradict themselves terribly when they try to prove that animal research is useless and futile. They Just put themselves in the posi tion of one of their number whom I met at my hotel the other day. "As this anti was dining I bent for ward and said to him: < " 'Pardon me, btit you arte, I believe, both an anti-vivlsectionist and a vege tarian ?' " 'Y es, sir, that is correct,' he an swered. " Then,' said I, 'you will probably be shocked to learn that you have Just eaten a live caterpillar with your lettuce salad.'" Her Ship Came In. The mother, a widow with six chil dren, had more energy than money. Little Dot asked frequently for things which her mother could not give. "Just wait till my Bhip comes in," she would say assuringly. One day the mother gave Dot a nickel. It was an unheard ot hap pening. "Has your ship come In?" the lit tle girl asked eagerly. -Keeping His Word. Josephine--Do you know to whom Stella is engaged? Margaret--Yes, but I promised I would not tell. "However, I don't think there'l be any harm in my writ ing his name on a piece of paper for you.--Satire. THE BEST TEACHER. Old Experience Still Holds the Palm. For real practical reliability and something to swear by, experience-- plain old experience--is able to carry a big load yet without getting sway- backed. A So. Dak. woman found some things about food from Old Experi ence a good, reliable teacher. She writes: "I think I have used almost every breakfast food manufactured, but none equal Grapfr-Nuts in my estimation. "I was greatly bothered with weak stomach and indigestion, with forma tion of c»s after eating, and tried many remedies for it but did not find relief. "Then I decided I must diot and see if I could overcome the difficulty that way. My choice of food was Grape- Nuts because the doctor tol4 nae I could not digest starchy food. "Grape-Nuts food has been a great benefit to me for I feel like a different peraon Bince I begun to eat it It 1b wonderful to me how strong my nerves have become. I advise every* one to try it, for experience Is the best teacher. "If you have any stomach trouble-- can't digest your food, use Grape- Nuts food for breakfast at least, and you won't be able to praise it enough when you see how different you feel." Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. Read the little book, •The Road to Wellville,M In pkga. "There's a Reason." ^ Ever ml the absr# letter? A *ew •ae appf-ara from time t« time. They •re Kciulnf, trve, hU (nil •! tomw latcrMt. Adv. Roses in Medicone. Roses at one time figured prom inently in the pharmacopoeia. Pliny gives 32 remedies compounded of rose leaves and petals. SufTerers from nervous complaints used to seek relief by sleeping on rose pillows and one is told that Heiogabalus used to Imbibe rose wine as a pick-me-up after his periodical gormandizing hours. The flower was also served at table, both as a garnish, in the way parsley is now used, and aB a salad, and rose water was largely used for flavoring dishes. Roses as food have gone out of favor among western na tions, but the Chinese still eat rose fritters. Distinction. "What have you ever done to claim distinction? In other words, what have you ever done that was original or out of the ordinary?" "I once had a part In the actual transfer of several shares of stock on the New York exchange " FOLEY KIDNEY FILLS Are Richest in Curative Qualities FOR BACKACHE, RHEUMATISM. KIDNEYS ANO BLADDER cured terrible humor on face PHILADELPHIA, D«C. e, wii. "In December 1908, my face be came sore. I tried everything that was recommended, and my face got worse instead of better. I spent over $100 and got no benefit. The face and noae were very red and the eruption had the appearance of small boils, which itched me terribly. I cannot tell you how terrible my face looked--all I can say is, it was dread ful, and I suffered beyond description. "I have not gone on ths street any time since 1908 without a veil, until now. Just four month's ago a friend persuaded me to give Resinol a trial. I have used three cakes of Resinol Soap and less than a jar of Resinol Ointment, and my face is perfectly free from any eruption, and my skin is as clear and clean as any child's. It is about four weeks since the last pimple disappeared." (Signed) Mrs. M. J. Bateman, 4256 Viola Street. For over eighteen years Resinol has been a doctor's prescription and house- bold remedy for skin troubles, pimples, burns, sores, piles, etc. Resinol Oint ment and Resinol Soap sold by all drug gists. For sample of each, write to Dept. BetW Chem. Co^ Baltimore, ltd. DON'T Cllt A VA^ICOSCVIIN A mild, safe, antisep tic, discutient, resol vent liniment, and a proven remedy for this and similar troubles. Mr. R. C. Kellogg, Becket, Mass., before using this remedy, suffered intensely with painful and inflam ed veins; they were swollen, knot ted and hard. He writes: "After using one and one-half bottles of ABSORBINE, JR., the veins were reduced, inflammation and pain gone, and I have had no recur rence of the trouble during the past six years." Also removes Goitre, Painful Swellings, Wens, Cysts, Callouses, Bruises, "Black and Blue" discolorations, etc., in a pleasant manner. Price £i.oo and $2 .oo a bottle at druggists or de livered. Book 5 G Free. Write forit. W.F.Young,P.O. F.,31 OT empleSL .Springfield, Mm. Tbe Man Who Put tike E E s I n F E E T IMmF*£Sl The Antiseptic i'oitder for Ten-v Tnui>-M*rfc. der, Aching Feet. Sold every, where, 25c. Sample FKRF. Address. ALLEN 8. OLMSTED. Lc Roy. N. Y. Look for This Trade-Mark P)» lure on the Label when buying ALLEN'S F00T=EASE 0