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, V^ T^(\y^frg^;f^ft'<V^ - f f f i f f * W(1 )• - <1 --' V X * "'• ' ? ; "?,,>r»# 4' • 'A "'•'^ - ' - • ' ! ------. --.:_ I.:.. wmmmm t/.-L t/.-L ft fM iWm*- •M ft a- f;;". *•- "•• •' •• I*. V -/':C FAULTY RAIL ALWAYS PERIL _ jz xcmr&tR si az ezuuzr '*' 4 m • m 7 - ifc-c".- • / "i^ -.4 m^: J0KOWJ&R 30Z GHAUT • • • IMF &dlZM~2N2fHZ QT CW7T By HORACE MARKLEY. IT is surely an amazing fact that the corn crop of the states should av­erage year after year only about 30 bushels to the acre. The acreage planted is Increased by millions from year to t year. Vast areas of virgin Xitoiy, are constantly being brought nnder cultivation. It i8 a matte^ of record that many farmers raise 100, SCO, gome as high as 300 bushels to fbe acre, yet the average for the en­ tire /crop is never Increased. hi it likely that there is anything irrong with the government figures? 1 do not think so. There is as much O&re given as is possible to insure ac­ curacy, and I daresay that many farmers, even if they raise more than .$0 bushels to the acre, will feel satia­ ted that the figures are correct from *is knowledge of what the average yield is in his district. The farms are tilled -by a pretty Mood type of farmer, on the whole, Sard working, and fairly intelligent. * • The best that we have been able to U,V, Broduce of the true American, and for &% • ' .y 'lhe most part the best of the sturdy _ \ v. tons of the soil from many foreign ^ , i , lands. We have a national depart- &Pv : Bient of agriculture that has been the LC \ %" • •nv3r an<^ copy of the world, which in a sense, a farmer's university, '* #n(* the sole aim and purpose of jfe£ - -i*hich has been and is, to make bet- eanners- For at generation or ^ ,v* .f " Inore, it has striven by study, expert­ ly • fnent and printer's ink lavishly dls- ; ' „ • ' geminated, to educate the farmer and mr, ll .; t |>ring him to a higher level aB an effl- itei; ^I'-yjfeient tiller of tfie soil. Through the j$| £ | V'ork of its many professors it has presumably told the farmer much M*" •, ^,^t"tbout seeds, and soils, and methods ^ , , /r <Of cultivation, and of protection from I"' reinsert pests, an infinite variety of de- •«>.' tails about the vital facts concerning M ^ business, yet the result remains the same, so far as corn is concerned, >ear after year--thirty bushels to'the Here. In almost every «tate in the Union "there is now, and has long been, an > agricultural experiment station, work- • *ng in co-operation with the federal de- • ^c'i*jpartment of agriculture and hand and i v;;|iand with the farmers of the state to I* " j/* educate him. The stations are K"; t ^ k. '^Quipped with professors, and ex- W'-" •pert8, "any of them of the highest ^authority in the land, vast tracts are under experimental cultivation,, they ^ ^ have been planning, working, testing p '• :, vj*>ils and seeds, and fertilizers, to aid ^ 'If" H 'armer in the exercise of economy * . and the growing of better crops. The ^ |^^." -det results of their labors they are constantly disseminating by means j&- o' lectures, and correspondence, and ̂ rt bulletins, free, for all who would avail • °' wck--yet the net result after all these years is an average of 30 bush- ?"r«ls to the-acre for corn <- •' The agriculturale colleges have - 'If > *°ne ©v©n further than this. They bave in many instances not been con- ^en' to wor^ and lecture and print ^ the results of their labors for the Jj benefit of progressive farmers, they ^ : have been militant in their work, :'A have instituted campaigns of educa­ tion by sending out some of the pro- 'fessors on special trains, right in the heart of farming districts, and giving • the farmer heart-to-heart talks, and f object lessons in better* farming ^ v ' . ; m e t h o d s ; t e l l i n g h i m a b o u t s o i l s , | ̂ methods of cultivation, seed seleo- tlon, inviting them freely to ask - questions, to the end that he may be- f come a more enthusiastic worker and raise better crops. Although this has f {. been going on for years and beyond ^ • question many have profited by it, C; ^ yet 11,8 average yield for corn the past year was Just the same--30 bushels. m m Is it possible that the present type of farmer has reached the limit of hie capacity to improve? It may be sol At any rate, besides all this there is an agricultural press, of vast pro­ portions throughout the states, work­ ing to educate the farmers and keep him posted on everything that may be of help to him in his business. Many farmers take several such pub­ lications. TEen again, the tools that are available to the farmer for his work are far superior to what they have been in the past, and are im­ proved every year. Is it possible that the former is not as a class taking ad­ vantage of the best tools for his work? What is the first thing to be done in the growing of better corn crops? I think, in seed selection. There is nothing startling or original In this, I admit; it is the doctrine that has long been preached, but I would sim­ ply add my testimony from the re­ sults of my experiments with the hope that it may lead others to try along the same lines. There is noth­ ing difficult about it, there Is certain­ ly nothing coetly; it amounts to sim­ ply a little more thorough and intelli­ gent heart interest in one's labor. To secure a corn that will yield ten­ fold what he has been accustomed to getting the farmer must breed for results. He has got to Improve the corn in the same way that he would raise the standard of his stock or his flocks. And once he has secured a type of corn that shows increased productiveness, he must try to keep it pure, avoid inbreeding and main­ tain its stamina, with the same watchfulness and care that all breed­ ing demands. It does not require a scientific edu­ cation to grow more and better corn, or better crops of any kind. It does require brains. One of the first things to be done is to get out of the slip-shod ways of working. Corn, es­ pecially, is' one of the most abused crops of the farm. Because it win grow and give some returns with a lot of neglect--it gets it. In no one respect Is the average farmer more careless than in his choice of seed, and this-may be said to be the prime essential. The farm­ er is plowing, manuring, performing all the operations from planting time to harvest, year after year, and with some of these he takes considerable pride; for instance, I know farmers who are perfect plowmen; they knew it and are proud of their skill, but these same farmers are hide-bound in an old custom of throwing their corn iQ their crib Just as it is husked, aad when they want seed In the spring­ time, they go to the crib and pick out sufficient likely ears from what are left to meet their needs, and let it go at that. It is an enigma how a man can be so skilled as a workman in many re­ spects, and yet absolutely inert to one of the most vital phases of secur­ ing perfection in that work. It needs no argument for it has been demon­ strated over and over again that the breeding of plants can be followed with as much certainty as to results, as the breeding of animals. Then why not do it? The only added equip­ ment which nine out of ten require is the exercise of more intelligent care and precision In some of the details. It seems strange, but It is never- theless a fact, that most farmers are aware of what may be done In plant breeding, and know the general prin­ ciples, but they will not wake up to a practice of them in their own in­ terests. If we are to increase the corn yield we have got to get it in the breed. Probably Wont Danger Known te & ; JUtllroading, and Constant Watch­ fulness Only Minimizes It. 'f Only, a few days ago a broken rail caused, a railroad accident which might easily have resulted In serious loss to life. A JJaBsenger train wa» derailed and by a miracle the cars came to a standstill just before piling over the edge of bank into a swollen river. This is an illustration of the jferil of the unsound rail. During the three months ended Jan­ uary 1 of the current year 2,96? per­ sons were killed and 51,323 were in­ jured on steam railroads in the United States: There were 1,859 collisions and 2,135 derailments. Passenger trains were concerned in 229 fcf the collisions and 194 of the derailments. The property losses reached the to« tal of $3,408,953, and this sum cov­ ered only the damage to the rolling stock, etc., belonging to the railroads. Calculated at this rate the railroads would suffer annually in thiB manner a loss of substantially $14,000,000, and the public has to pay for this in the end. The additional sums that would be Involved in lawsuits and the pay- meat of damage claims would run the aggregate yearly drain, due to negli­ gence or mechanical failures, into many millions of dollars mora. Brokep rails and fractured wheels were mainly responsible for the cas­ ualties, and 71 per cent, of all of the derailments were occasioned by de­ fective roadway or equipment, while nearly 24 per cent, of the derailments were, caused by hroken rails. Shat­ tered or fractured wheels were ac­ countable for 26.5 per cent, of the de­ railments. Collisions can mostly be avoided through proper alertness on the part of responsible employes, but there is something insidious about the peril of the faulty rail. To the casual eye of the track walker the rail may be seemingly sound, and yet within the substance of its head or the thinner material of the supporting web a catas­ trophe may be lurking. Unseen, the steel may be yielding and at the next blow the rail may be shattered and a speeding train hurled from Its course. fJU A BT7JH& BASKff It is not In the soil, or the fertilizer, or the weather, nor in any other fac­ tor, important though each may be. The first essential is to breed up corn for points with the same care given ;to anlmalr or fowls. Type, quality, Btamina, productiveness, etc., must be known, must be sought for and Improved with each season. It is not enough to pick out perfect ears or such as may be attractive at harv­ est time. It is necessary that one shall know the plant that produced the ear, and all the conditions of its growth and environment. There are many mysteries to be solved in this question of seed selec­ tion with the view to breeding up a more productive type of corn. My own experiments in this direction will indicate some of the difficulties to be met with. . In husking the cprn in the fall of 1908 I came across just -One stalk containing two ears. It was the first I had ever met with, though upon inquiry I find that farm­ ers do frequently come across such two-eared stalks, though they never pay any attention to them, but throw them In the crib with the others. It occurred to me, however, that It would be well to plant from those two ears and endeavor to raise a two- eared type. One ear was of good size and the other about two-thirds as big. Weighing them the large one weighed 14 ounces and the small 9V& ounces. The large ear was an average ear such as every stalk carried. Thus this particular plant gave 9V& ounces more than any other plant. This gain would mean almost a ton more to the acre If the corn could be bred to yield two ears. It would mean even more if the two ears could be made to attain a good size instead of one be­ ing large and one small as in this case. The corn was of a variety called yellow-flint, obtained originally of a near-by farmer. Prom these two ears I selected 630 kernels, discarding the butts and tips. The field in which this was planted was fall plowed and dressed during the winter with a liberal application of a high quality of stable manure, as I keep such in a cement-bottomed pit. The two-eared seed was planted at one end of the main corn field. It should, of course, have h?d a separate plot, and It may be that the tendency to revert to one ear was due in part to its contiguity to the ordinary corn. The 630 kernels made 210 hills. Fourteen failed to come up, probably being eaten by worms or mice. The germination showed very strong vital­ ity. However, of the 616 stalks, all from the two-eared seed, only 136 stalks produced a double ear. About one-fifth. Another Interesting point, showing clearly the tendency to reversion to remote ancestors, is found in the fact that while the two-seed ears were of 12 rows about 75 per cent, of the yield was of one eight-rowed cobs. Although this variety of fli^it corn will show frequent ears of li and 14 rows. It may be considered properly an eight-rowed type of corn. Thue we see that after throwing the sport of a two-eared stalk, there is sot GOOD ZAZ& airZACH *5TA£K jm sufficient stamina in all the seeds to reproduce like the parent. The corn reverted not only to the one-eared but to the eight-rowed type. This is one of the mysteries that will have to be solved, no doubt be­ fore a highly-productive two-eared type of corn can be raised with the qualities of the parent so fixed that it can be relied upon to maintain a big average yield. It may be due to a weakness of inbreeding. Some of the ears weighed over a pound each, making over two pounds to the btalk. If this could be aver° aged for an entire corn field it would yield over ten tons to the acre. Such may seem an exaggeration or an impossibility, but it so only in comparison with what we have been accustomed to. Even if by judicious selection of two-eared seed each year still the type could not be fixed so as to producq even yields of the maximum amount, yet if it gave an increase of 20 per cent, as it did In my experiment, the return would be a big one for what Js involved. It does not imply added cost, in the pro­ duction, but only a greater care and Interest in one's work. Another thing to be kept in mind in breeding up a type of corn for high­ er productiveness Is that the number of kernels to the ear and their size has an important bearing on the yield of g^ain. A corn expert once figured out that if the productiveness of corn could be increased by only one kernel to each ear, on the entire crop it woul.l mean a gain of 50 tons of grain! Even though the figures be not abso­ lute there Is no gainsaying that the increase of yield would be a very big amount in the aggregate. The point 1b made very clearly in the accom­ panying photographs which show eight, ten and twelve-rowed ears of corn. Each ear was exactly the same in weight, being 11 ounces each. The eight-rowed ear gave Seven ounces of grain, and had a cob weighing four ounces, the ten-rowed ear weighed up eight ounces of grain and had . a three ounce cob. The twelve-rowed ear gave 8% ounces of grain. A dif­ ference of an ounce and a half to the ear of actual grain Is an appreciable gain worth striving for. But that does not mean that such 1b the limit of the gain to be obtained. It would be quite within reason to obtaih ten­ fold that increase. The chief requisite to substantial progress in the growing of a more productive corn must be the skill and judgment of the worker. The first essential 1b no doubt seed selection, but this does hot merely mean the picking out of the best looking ears either at harvest time or in the husk­ ing. It Is necessary that the grower shall watch the corn from the first start of the seed and through the growing. Vigor, productiveness and early ripening should be noted, not merely in the mind, but in a book, and the stalks should be marked so that they can be identified at any time. My method is to snip out little bits of tin; punch a bole through them at one side and put a bit of thin wire through and twist this loosely about the stalk when marking it. On the tin I scratch a number with a sharp awl. There Is not likely to occur any accident that can destroy this tag or erase the figures. FOLLOW MARVEL BY MARVEL |cure and prevention of disease, it might have been thought that there M-v Modern Scientists Perform Astound­ ing Operations and Assert Surg­ ery 8tlll It In Its Infancy. ; If medical and surgical science i* ' • t keeps up its recent strides, seemingly v there will soon be little excuse for • C, ^ dytng except from old age or accident. After the marvels performed by Dr. . ^ Alexia Carrel in exchanging parts of aeaui. vine spine is one of the RnUnal8 for those of h«man beings, delicate portions of the human was little left for surgery and medi­ cine to accomplish, but the report comes from New York of an operation bkherto deemed Impossible, which bids fair to be successful and to pro- tong a life practically given over. The spine of Vito Tasaquika had been affected by dorsal tuberculosis, and he was in imminent danger of death. The spine is one of the most anat- splnaf column has been deemed well nigh hopeless. Yet surgeons have succeeded, in Tasaquika's case, in removing „& three- Inch segment of the diseased spinal column and substituting therefore healthy shin bone. The patient, it Is reported, Is on the road to recovery, and 1b likely to oompletely regain his health. It is truly marvelous. It Is the re- I making of man by the Burgeons, giv­ ing him almost the ability of crusta- would seem as if science should do little more for humankind, and yet the scientists gravely assure us that preventive medicine and constructive surgery are almost in their infancy. If this bo true--and we cannot dare doubt it--future generations will have cause to be profoundly grateful. gtandard Yardstick Has jBhrunk. Watch out for short measures. The imperial standard yardstick at London is found to have shrunk 215 millionth* -.'it. UNDER FIVE MILES IN LENGTH England Has No Fewer Than Ten Railroads With a Trackage That / Is Inslgnlfleant. Altogether there are ten ral^rbi&fc In various parts of the country which are under five miles In length. The short­ est line is that of the 'Felixstowe Dock and Railroad company, which runs from the Great Eastern line at Felix­ stowe Beach station, in Suffolk, down to Felixstowe dock. It 14 only 726 yards long, its entire rolling-stock consisting of 12 freight cars. The next shortest is the Milford Ha­ ven Dock company's railroad, which is only a mile and a quarter in length, and which was opened in 1882. It runs from. Milford Haven on the Oreat Western roalroad to Newton Noyea pier, and its rolling stock consists at one locomotive ^nd 21 freight cars. The Stockbridge railroad is one mile seven furlongs in length, and #as one locomotive, two passenger car­ riages and 68 freight cars. It runs from Deepcar, near Sheffield, on the Oreat Central, to Stockbridge. The Rye & Cambridge Steam tram­ way is two and a half miles long, and possesses two locomotives, two pas­ senger coaches and three freight cars, while the South Shields, Marsden & Whitburn railroad is a mile and three- quarters long, and runs from South Shields to Wltburn colliery, sfgrs the English Railway Magazine. In Cumberland there Is the Rowrah & Kelton Fell Mineral railroad, three miles long, which connects with the Furness railroad. The nearest of these tiny railroads to London is the Corringham Light railroad, which starts at Covlngham, about three miles from Stanford-le- Hope, in Essex, and runs to Kynoch- town. The rolling stock consists of two locomotives, two passenger vehi­ cles and ten freight cars. Cape £o Cairo Rival. Th® French project for a trans-Af­ rican railroad from Algiers to Cape Town, using the Belgian-English line from Stanleyville to Cape Town, has taken definite form. In January, says the Scientific and Mining Press, an expedition to make a preliminary survey from Colomb-Bechar the pres­ ent southern terminus of the Algerian railroad, to Lake Tchad, started out from the former .point. The engineers believe that the crossing of the Sa­ hara desert presents no unsurmount- able difficulties. From Lake Tchad the line will presumably follow the divide between the Sharo and Nile basins and will enter the Belgian Kongo at Semlo on the Bomu river, from there going to Stanleyville. Defects of Steel Ties. The use of steel ties on foreign railroads Is not universally success­ ful. Mr. Braet, engineer in chief of the Belgian State railways, informs Engineering News that the steel ties are unsatisfactory under high speed traffic. The Netherlands State Rail­ ways company has abandoned their use because of the expense. Engi­ neering authority in this country dis­ countenance them, stating that none of the foreign steel ties in ise are strong enough to bear the heavy trains and the driving axle loads of 50,000 and 60,000 pounds on the Amer­ ican trunk line railways Not His Fate te Die In Wreck. . Los Angeles has a mail clerk, P. D. Popenoe, who has survived fOyty railroad wrecks. ' Immense Expenditure Involved^... If plans for standardizing the gauge of the railways of Australia as recommended by the chief engi­ neers of the different lines be carried out it will mean ah expenditure of 1)80^00,000.' ,/ . ^ Electrical Hearting. Some railroads use electric power tor heating trains. Part of them use the current directly In the heaters, aa is done in trolley cars in some el ties. Others use an electrio boiler. FOR HIE IDLE HOURS NEQLIQEE GARMENT^ HAVE Cace in' Irefuiferi tie Distinguish- ins Msrk--cf All , fcwl* flowed in Apparei |pr . ; -:-^B6«doir. Wear. Lace plays as great a part in negli­ gee wear as It does in all other types of feminine dress. Usually the elab­ orate lace trimming )s what strikes the eye first in modern peignoir or room sack, and details of foundation material, ribbons, little silk and chif­ fon flowers and other trimming fallals make themselves evident afterward. Though crepe de chine and shadow lace, with suitable garnishment of rosebuds, form the most aristocrats type of sac^ue or full length negligee, there are pleasing models of much less expensive character for the aver­ age woman's midsummer wear, such Full Length Negligee, as Is shown in the illustration. Dotted swiss is combined with lace or with very fine machine embroidery in hand effects. Dotted batiste and plaited net, flowered crepe with net frills and similar summer combinations that one sees in the season's wear and as these lovely little affairs are surprisingly little-priced no woman need go away for a week-end v laity without a fresh and becoming garment in her suit­ case for idle' gossip. Full length negligees are almost In­ variably draped, for drapery just now seems to be ail obsession with femi­ ninity. Even the humble kimono of ordinary cotton crepe Is likely to be caught up at the knee under a rosette of ribbon to convey a suggestion of clinging drapery, and as for the expensive mod­ els of chiffon, crepe de chine and lace, elinging is surely the word for their exquisite lines of grace, produced by artful but seemingly artless drapery. Now French negligees of allover lace are hung over white chiffon founda­ tions having upper sections of flesh colored tulle so that the fashionable effect of semi-nude shoulders is achieved without any real immodesty whatever. French negligees also are of fine net embroidered with chenille flowers in pale mauve, rose or lilac. Kibbons have a larger^ place on negli­ gee wear than has been the case in several seasons, though In most in­ stances wide, soft bows are also made with this twisted-up ribbon. The sash Is of course a feature of negligee wear, just as it is of all costumes, this sea­ son, and many little sacques of soft fabric have weighted girdles which knot at the front or at one side of the front and hang below the edge of the sacque to the knee.' MARY DEAN. MAY BE CURLED AT H0M|^ Wot Necessary to Send Plumes to Pro. fa^Monal Cleaners When ' Become Bedraggled. The present fashionable ostrltilt feather, although it is not so tighter curled as the old fashioned plumi^ looks even more bedraggled and foe- lorn when it is out of curl than th»' old one did. Yet togs and miBts or rains are as frequent as ever, and os­ trich feathers are now worn at a]l times of the day and night, regardlesta of the weather. Plumetis feather**' were put forward to fill the role of »' feather which moisture would not change, but they do not take the plaofi of the regulation ostrich feather. ' " V There is only one thing to do you wear ostrich feathers, and that to learn how to curl them. - It Is ag< good as impossible to send a feather to the professional cleaner to b%.~- curled every time there is a summer, shower. When the moist hat with feather trimming is removed put it,, if po* slble, near a fire. Heat often restore*^ a good deal 6f the lost curl. When this is not possible let the feather < dry thoroughly and then recusl it with . a nail file, the blunt edge of a knife or some other steel or silver blade which is not sharp. Work with one or two of the fronds of the feather at a time. Catch the»< between the thumb and the blade near the stem of the feather and slowjgr and firmly draw the thumb and th% blade along the fronds to the edg& If necesr ary go over some of the feath­ ers twice. It is surprising how rapidly th|t curling can be done; and if it is care* fully done after a little practice the feather will look quite as well as tt it had been curled by a professional. FROM SCRAPS OF CRETONNE Many Pretty and Serviceable Article# May Be Made In the Odd Hfe., mentt of Leisure. | After hoarding up scraps of cre­ tonne left from window draperies and j furniture covers, a clever womalL' emptied her patch bag one day aod from the oddly shaped pieces of cre­ tonne made many pretty articles. A large roll of rose-sprigged French cretonne furnished material enough to cover a hat box. i To successfully accomplish this, cut a band long enough to encircle the box and wide enough to cover the sides, with allowance made for turn­ ing in at the top and bottom. With bookbinders' paste join th* ends at one corner. Slash the edges so that they will turn neatly and pasta in place. Cover the lid in the same manner, and to properly finish the baat line , with cretonne or plain material, pasting the sides, bottom and top emopthly to the pasteboard found** tlon. This makes a lovely box In which to keep your best bat and ie one which need not be concealed from view. AFTERNOON GOWN Bleach for Waist*. When perspiration has left a yellow mark cover the blemish with peroxide of hydrogen, leave until dry, then cover with ammoifla and wash. Am­ monia water can be used to wash wqolen waists on parts where per­ is pirn t ion has left marks. The am­ monia will clean the material without injury to the fabric, and also destroy all odor. Often a mark in fine mate­ rial may be removed in the following manner: In a saucer or pan place a lighted match and cover with sulphur. When it begins to burn cover with a funnel to hold ih the fumes. Hold the dampened material over the end of the funnel, and in most cases it will bleach the spot. Work by an open window where there is a strong draft, in order to avoid inhaling any of the fumes. LONDON FASHION TAKEN UP Sweaters That Copy Men's Styles Have Been Received With Favor In This Country. Every one will admit that the new­ est ideas In sporting costumes come from London. For example, there is Shown a knitted silk jacket fastening in the front and showing the ",V" neck and plain sleeves. The scarf 1b twist­ ed around the waist to serve as a belt, nnd a cap to match, on the Neapolitan order, is worn on the head. These silk sweaters did not meet with approval when they were shown here in. the shops last year, but »he English ver­ sion, built along different lines, is being take* up by girls who accept anything from London. These silk «ports coats are knit by hand, and ere therefore expensive. The oolors are combined In an effective fashion, black toning down gold, the popular magpie effect, the new green and gold combination, which is very fashion­ able at present, and lilac and white. As with the wool sweaters, some of these colorings *re cQmjtjine^ ln^ Model of white cluny lace oyer chif­ fon, with draped skirt. Trimming at black maline and sash jof same ma­ teriel. Silk Stocking Hint. You can prolong the wearing quail* ties of silk stockings to a much great­ er extent by sewing a piece of soft silk on the inside of both toe and heel. Japanese wash silk is good. Darn It in around the edge. Also sew a piece of the silk at the top where the gar­ ters fasten. stripes, others In the mottled, change­ able color effect, one tone glimmer­ ing through the other as sunlight fil­ ters through a curtain. There are lovely blue and white effects in these changeable color schemes, and a pr«- ty gray and olive green combination, with trimmings of emerald green. lli xwim* The Usefulness of Cheese Cbrtfe Whoever has a cellar, a stable, a gar. den or a chicken house should know the usefulness of cheesecloth. Frames covered first with chicken wire, then cheesecloth tacked tightly over them* let in air and light, yet keep out dust and insects. Stable windows, and those of cow bams should be filled with cloth-covered frames as soon as ihe weather becomes hot; thus flies, agreeable odors, and most of the are barred. Cellar windows have cheesecloth frames insid bars. j*-'**--- - Iftlddy Blouses. blouses of whit with striped collar and belt, worn "5?; r \