The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

•-•' "-- •--nfiyngiji.^ IURKEY is SAMFDVri mm HE turkey is truly an Ameri­ can bird. It existed on this continent with the Indians before Columbus landed Only a few years ago among the caves of Arizona the mum­ mified remains of a turkey were found. Practically every cave once occupied by the cliff dwellers of that region con­ tained the bones or feathers of tho turkey, but this speci­ men Is intact. Its age la a mAtter of speculation among the scientists of the National museum, where the specimen 1s on exhi­ bition. Another interesting^ fact In this same connec­ tion resulted from a scientific expedition which Dr. C. Hart Merriam made among the mountains of Arizona; he came across a living species of bird identical with the one found mummified and which Is now known to the scientific world by his name. Another recent discovery In connection with the turkey was a Maya hieroglyphic. This piece of parchment shows a grocer's account in which are mentioned, with other things, ten turkey hens and five turkey cocks. This is thought to be the first record of the turkey in this country and antedates the expedition of Cortes to Mexico in 1519. But the turkey goes back farther among the Indians than even the probable date at which thfc specimen found in the cave existed. Among the Zunis, for instance, there exist many legends, handed down from time Immemorial, which have for their subject the turkey. The turkey plays a more important part in the life of the Indian than in his legends alone. Not only is it regarded as a choice article of food, but in many tribes it Is held sacred. In the parts of the country where, the turkey^inas worshiped --with that curious devotion to anhnals which characterizes different stages in the development from savagery to civilization--it was never eaten except when other food was unobtainable. And even then separate portions were divided among various tribes, so that the religious custom would not be violated. Turkey feathers rank next in importance to those of the eagle with all tribes, while the Apaches, the Pamunkeys and Cheyennes chose the turkey's feathers for all ceremonial head­ dresses and ornaments; The Pamunkey tribe also used turkey feathers for ornamental pur­ poses on their clothing, as well as for their head­ gear. To this day, when they don their native costumes, the turkey feather is preferred as orna­ ment. If Benjamin Franklin's words had been heeded the turkey would have been the national bird of the United States. The eagle is a first cousin to the species known of old pi the eastern hemis­ phere. Furthermore, it has appeared upon the banners of many nations. It was a symbol of the Roman empire. It was known In China for ages, and today i| appears upon the banners of Russia, Germany and several other nations. The turkey, however, is indigenous to America. When the early European adventurers and set­ tlers arrived they beheld great flocks of turkeys, and it soon became known that they were a favorite food among the Indians. After a while turkeys were proudly sent home as trophies of the chase. In this way the turkey became prac- tically a world-favorite as a food. When Cortes, in 1519, ascended to the plateau of Mexico, he found a social life developed to a high degree of refinement. He was entertained with oriental magnificence. All the delicacies to be found within the empire were set before him; and though game was abundant, the turkey held the place of honor among the fowl. This was the first time that the Spaniards had eaten turkey, and the experience proved a most satis­ fying one. They also saw the great tame flocks of the birds. In fact, since prehistoric times the turkey \ > > \ zy&awpjk Go<2Z> anŝ has been domesticated and raised for market. Today, in Mexico, many of the quaint customs then in vogue are still kept alive. And so it is that the purchaser of today may select his choice of a fcwl in the village street. Or, If he prefers, the vender will bring it alive to his door for in­ spection, fresh from the farm. North of the Rio Grande the turkey was equally well known and treasured. The celebrated expe­ dition of Coronado, between 1527 and 1547, pene­ trated this unexplored region west of the Missis­ sippi. His explorations were chiefly in what is today Texas, Arizona and New Mexico, the home of the cliff-dwelling Indians of the Southwest. In all the Indian villages, according to those early explorers, turkeys were to be found, both wild and domesticated. From America the turkey has spread to be a world favorite. But the fact that today the tur­ key is considered" a delicacy in so many lands is due to - human agencies, and not to the turkey itself. Slow of movement and deliberate both in beginning flight and in the choice of its alight­ ing, the turkey unaided would never have becoiue known outside its native habitat. Cortes, in one of his famous letters written about 1518, mentions the turkey. He carried •specimens of the bird to Spain in 1520, where they came into immediate popularity, and tho breeding of turkeys soon became established. It was then that the turkey became knows as "pavos," on account of his relationship to the peacock, which was then called "pavo real"--the fowl of kings. It was a long time before the turkey reached France, as far as can be learned from history, for the first turkey eaten there was at the wed­ ding of Charles IX and Elizabeth of Austria, June 27, 1570, or 50 years after Spain had flr&t tasted the bird. The turkey supplied for the wedding came from "somewhere in the American wilderness." Its introduction Into England seems to have been in 1524. But, whenever it was, it soon came into popular favor and was given such local names as Black Norfolk and Large Cambridge. It is an interesting fact that these descendants of the parent stock were carried back again across the Atlantic ocean to New England, where, crossed with the original turkey already there, they began the breed that has spread from one end of the country to the other. As in this country, the turkey has come to be looked upon elsewhere as a holiday feast attrac­ tion. In the early colonial days turkeys were still abundant in Massachusetts, the rest of New Eng­ land, Maryland, Virginia, the Carollnas and Florida; while in the last named states the tur­ key is still found as a native wild fowl, although in greatly decreased numbers. But a short distance from Richmond Is a small island inhabited by a tribe of Indians, the Pamun­ keya. They are part of the Powhatans, and un­ der an old colonial treaty they pay no taxes and have their own government. They must, how­ ever, send to the governor of Virginia each year a gift of game or fowl; and very often this gift takes the form of several large, plump turkeys. Many have been the explanations made as to how the bird now so popular at Thanksgiving came to be called the turkey, most of which, to the true scientist, are nothing but fanciful. One auch is the explanation that it comes from tho East Indian word "toka," which, in Hebrew, takes the form "tukki," the peacock. As the Jews in South Europe were acquainted with this fowl, which is related, it is assumed that they naturally applied the word to the turkey wherever it was Introduced into Spain, and that thereafter it wan so called. Such a roundabout way explanation, say thoso who know, is entirely unnecessary. Tho bird was called turkey because it was supposed to come from Turkey, where it was known as an Egyptian hen. This, it is claimed, is merely in accordance with a habit very general in the six­ teenth century. Whenever new and strange things were presented to an ignorant public, knowledge spread slowly, but superstition was deep, and hearsay was taken for truth. The mar­ kets of North Europe received this fowl as com­ ing from South Europe, directly or indirectly from Turkey. In France, however, the bird was called "din don," or in the feminine "dinde," as though ft Were the fowl d'Inde--from India. The Mexican name for the bird is "huajolote," which scientists claim, indicates the old Aztec knowledge of the turkey. But whatever dispute has arisen a* to the name of the turkey, the fact yet remains that the turkey is indigenous to America. Although scientists believe it is possible that therd was a species, the original of the present turkey, in­ digenous to the West Indian islands, it is generally conceded that all turkeys have descended in some way or other from the three forms known today as the North American, the Mexican and the Honduras, the ocdllated varieties. The Mexican turkey is found wild throughout the republic. It 1b short in shank, with feather? oj* Its body of a metallic black shaded only Bllght- ly with bronze, while all its feathers are tipped with white. This appears to be the species first taken to Spain and other European countries. It is thought that the white markings of the variety of domestic turkey known today as the Narragansett come from this species. The Honduras turkey today is scattered all over most of Central America and is extremely wild. It has a freer flight than its cousins of the North. The head and neck of this bird are naked. The ground color of the plumage is a beautiful bronze green, banded with bold bronze, blue and red, with bands of brilliant black. This bird, however, cannot be bred successfully nor domes­ ticated away from its native habitat, while even there it can hardly be successfully domesticated. The bronze turkey, that variety which today holds the place of honor in the North American group of turkeys, is outdone by none when It comeB to beauty or size- In the United States there are six standard varieties recognized and grown. They are tht bronze. Narragansett. buff, slate, white and black The chief differences are in size and color ol plumage. The bronze and Narragansett are the largest, the buff and slate medium, while the white and black are the smallest. Within late years, however, the white variety has reached such a point of popularity that it has increased in size, until with some dealers it occupies third place. Whatever the turkey may have missed through failing to secure that place of honor suggested for it by Benjamin Franklin--as the national bird --It has nevertheless found a place in the regard o4 the American people which la held by no other (pwL POSTSCRIPTS Japan will build at Tokyo an astro­ nomical observatory tlie equal in Bize and completeness of anything in the United States or Europe. An attachment has V>ren invented to be snapped over Bkate runners to per­ mit a person to walk over the ground "without removing his skates. Electric locftmo^ves have been built for a German railroad having heavy grades that draw loads of 230 tons at a apeod of 42 miles an hoar For retail dealers tnere has been in­ vented a machine that will take coal from a pile and pour it into bags for handling at the rate of 25 tons an hour. Scarlet Fever and Milk. 8carlet fever is practically unknown in the tropics and doctors say this is because so little fresh milk is drunk there. The streptococcus, which oc­ curs in large quantities in most raw milk is always present in scarlet fever and experts see In that; * cause and effect. , * GATHERED-UP FACTS Under British rule alone there are more than 25,000,000 dwellers in the tropics. Experiments have shown that paper pulp can be economically made from the stalks of the millet that grows prolifically in Manchuria. Investigation in Germany has shown that the partridge eats the seeds of many noxious weeds and insects de­ structive to plant U(e. therefore de­ serves protection Vice-Consul Caspar L. Dreier o Singapore notes that cocoanut plant Ing is rapidly coming into prominence as a staple rather than a subsidiary industry throughout British North Borneo. To Clean Celling. When the ceiling above the gas Jet has become darkened from heat or smoke, apply a layer of starch and wa­ ter with a piece of flannel. Let it dry a-id then brush off lightly with Y brush. No mark will remain. DBflfifOR SYSTEMS CONSID­ ERED BY THE SCIENTISTS. Thought to Be Moat Effective Method «f Combating Thia Most Deadly of All Modern Naval Weapons of Warfare. The Ipritte advantage of the subma­ rine--its ability to escape detection through sight--has been overcome by the invention for use by the entente allies of a means of detecting its pres­ ence through hearing. The exact na­ ture of some of the most essential fea­ tures of thia invention lias, of course, been kept secret, but a general de­ scription of Its manner of working is given in the Scientific American. One of those who contributed to the de­ velopment of this detector system is William Dubilier, an American elec­ trical engineer with numerous wire­ less telephone and wireless telegraph inventions to his credit. He had gone to France on the mission of installing wireless telegraph apparatus on air c^aft, when he was called upon to aid in solving the submarine detector problem. Dubilier went to Cherbourg, an important French port on the Eng­ lish channel, where he found Profes­ sor Tissot of the French Academy of Science, hard at work on the detector system. For some time before this, devices had been contrived by which it was possible to detect the soun£ waves made by submarines, but these de­ vices also conveyed the noises made by the propellers of all kinds of craft, and they Were of little value, because it was practically impossible to dis­ tinguish the sounds made by a sub­ marine from those coming from other vessels. Fortunately for the inven­ tors, however, it was discovered in the course of the tests, that the un­ derwater craft were the sources of sound waves of exceedingly high fre­ quency, quite distinct from any other subaqueous sounds. While the cause of the high-pitched sound is known to the inventors, it cannot be divulged since it would, then, be possible for submarine constructors to eliminate the Bource of the telltale sound waves. It still remained to the inventors to eliminate all other sound waves from affecting the detector and also to de­ vise means by which the distance of the submarine and the direction of its travel could be determined. It re­ quired several months of careful ex­ perimenting to develop suitable res­ onance tubes for filtering out unde­ sirable sounds. At first the device finally developed, rrcrhed at - distance of a few miles and then its range was Increased to 55 miles, by use of the Audion amplifier, an American inven­ tion. This system is used all along the coasts of the British isles and France. It is not available for use on vessels because of its extreme sensi­ tivity. An illustration shows the form of the device as it lies in the water-- a cable reaching out from shore and ending in the sea in eight branches, each with a rounded object at the end, somewhat resembling a telephone re­ ceiver--a microphone. Each micro­ phone is placed in such a manner as to receive sound waves best In one direction. Accordingly, by listening to the sounds received by the different microphones, and slovfly moving a switch over the several contacts, the operator can determine in what direc­ tion the submarine is moving. How the distance of the submarine id de­ tected is kept more strictly secret. Means of communication are main­ tained between these detectors on shore and numerous vessels which are sent out to attack the submarines. Since the appearance of the Scien­ tific American articlo, the New York Times relates that Dr. Lee de Forest of New York, inventor of the Audion amplifier, lias received a hurry-up call from the British government and has Bailed for London. The use of his amplifier in the submarine detection device attracted the attention of the British to him, and his services are desired for contrivance of a system by which the approach of Zeppelins can be detected at a great distance. The Times says that the form of Audion UBed by the British in detecting sub­ marines is not so highly developed as the most recent of tM& De Forest in­ ventions. Doctor de Forest proposes to work out a system similar to that used for detecting submarines by which not only their sounds will be re­ corded, but their distance and the di­ rection in which they are traveling will be known. Flour Substitutes. The United States bureau of chem­ istry 1b now testing a number of so- called "flour substitutes." These are not intended to replace ^heat flour, but to be used in combination with it in making bread. The substitutes thus far examined include flours made of chestnuts, bananas, peanuts, soy beanb, peas, corn, barley, oats, rye, etc. Al­ together about thirty substitutes have been found to give satisfactory re suits when not more than 25 per cent of the substitute is used with 75 per cent of wheat flour in bread-making. Bread made of 12 parts of boiled po- tato to nine of ordinary flour is said to be satisfactory.--Scientific Ameri­ can. Training the Child. There is a common belief that a child, when left alone, or to its own resources, is resting mentally, if this were true, be would remain a total stranger to the rest of the world, whereas he is like a traveler in lite, who observes and comments upoii everything that is new to him. He not only makes spontaneous «ffort to understand, but to imitate.--Doctor Montessori. Children Cry for Fletcher's CASTORIA The Kind Yon Hare Always Bought, and which has beet In use for over 80 years, has borne the signature ol and has been made tmder his pea* eonal supervision since its Infancy* Allow no one to deceive youinthta* All Counterfeits. Imitations and " Just-as-good " are baft Experiments that trifle with and endanger the health oC Infants and Children--Experience against Experiments What Is CASTORIA Castoria is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pagg»» goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is pleasant. IB contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Jiarcotia pubstance. Its age is its guarantee. It destroys Worms and allays Feverishness. For more than thirty years ill has been in constant use for tho relief of Constipation* Flatulency, "Wind Colic, all Teething Troubles an2 Diarrhoea. It regulates the Stomach and Bowels, Assimilates the Food, giving healthy and natural sleepy * She Children's Panacea---The Mother's Friend* GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYS V'KWvf "-- w.r i\: V j r ~S;-\ * .r; Bears the Signature of •3u In Use For Over 30 Yeais The Kind You Have Always Bought TH* CCNTAUa COMPANY, NEW VORK CITT. Preparedness. "What is your position on prepared­ ness?" "1 am in favor of, it," replied Sena­ tor Sorghum. "Do you think It will operate to promote peace?" "That's my view of It. Anyway, a candidate out our way who isn't in favor of preparedness may as well expect to have a terrible fight On his hands." REAL SKIN COMFORT Fellow* Use of Cuticura 8oap and Ointment. Trial Free. w By bathing and anointing these fra­ grant supercreamy emollients impart to tender, sensitive or irritated, itch­ ing skins a feeling of intense skin comfort difficult for one to realize who has nevei used them for like purposes. Cultivate an acquaintance with them. Sample each free by mail with Book. Address postcard, Cuticura. Dept. XY, JJoston. Sold everywhere.--Adv. A young man ought to save some money before he getu married, for i>e 11 probably never get a chance aft­ erward. There is more or less graft In the construction of family trees. A. man soon gets used to the dis­ trust he has of himself. Safe Nervine helps allay pain and irritation produces restful sleep. It is particu* • larly valuable wherever it is desired*.- \ to diminish the excessive irritability of the nervous system - ^ and is highly serviceable in attacks of headaches, sleeplessness; neuralgia and listlessness. War­ ner's Safe Nervine is especially adapted to the use of people of nervous temperament and leaves no unpleasant after effects. Twn aiM 5ft fwtm aruj Sl-ftL Sold by alt druggists. Virui'i Safe Remedias Ck. Rochesler, N. Y. • BUCK LEG LOSSES SURELY PREVENTS b> Cutter** BlaeklsS Mil* L0 priced, fmh, reliable: pnftnsd Western ntookraen. Meatus ri'e for booklet and -dose pjt«t. BlMklag Pl|l» $1.1 SO-doM alias. BiMfcka PUK 4.S# Tso any Injector, but Cutter** To* ttfyennrltjf of Cutter products ta due to ortr it fsara of *pecia.llzJnfc in vaealne* and MTV IK* only. Cutter'*. XT unebtelcabl*. ordfr direct Im Cutier Laboratory, Berfcaley, CaJ.. sr (Uhh, PARKER HAIR A tolist preparation of aiertl Help* to sradicate daadroft For Restoring Color aaJ B*aaty toGray or FacM Hair, tOe.and>l.Q8atPmnlta. WHY "ANURIC" IS AN INSURANCE AGAINST SUDDEN DEATH! Ssff t rtrs frti Bukaclw, Rheomatism inl KUmj Tmllt Before an Insurance Company will take a risk on your life the examining phyBician will test the urine and re­ port whether you are a good risk. When your kidneys get sluggish and clog, you suffer from backache, sick- headache, dizzy spells, or the twinges and pains of lumbago, rheumatism and gout. The urine is often cloudy, full of sediment; channels often get sore and sleep is disturbed two or three times a night. This is the time you should consult some physician of wide experience--such as Dr. Pierce, of the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, Buffalo, N. Y. Send him 10 cents for •ample package of his new discovery-- "Anuric." Write him your symptoms and send a sample of urine for test. Experience has taught Dr. that "Anuric" is the most powerful agent;, in dissolving uric acid, as hot water," melts sugar, besides being absolutely^ harmless and is endowed with other properties, for it preserves the kid-|. neys in a healthy condition by thor"' oughly cleansing them. Checks the de-t generation of the blood-vessels, as well"? as regulating blood pressure. "Anuric"^? is a regular insurance and life-saver*^ for all big meat eaters and those who deposit lime-salts in their joints. Ask the druggist for "Anuric" put up hyDr. < Pierce, in 50-cent packages. Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription makes weak women strong, sick women well, no alcohol. Sold in tab* ~ lets or liquid. v . A Puzzle. "I say, old man, that dog of mine is a perfect wonder. I raised him from a puppy, and he's got almost hu­ man intelligence." "You don t say so! I wonder where he learned it?" TURN TO EASTERN COLORADO F (pert Agriculturists Find Almost Uncounted Acres of Most Fertile Land Awaiting Them. Several million acres of undevel oped land, ready for the plow, await the farmer in Eastern Colorado. Cli mate finest on earth; good water; enough rainfall to produce feed crops that will support live stock for beef and pork production and dairying. Un limited demand at high prices for ev erythiug that can be grown. Land prices $8 to $15 per acre. Rock Island Lines hare no lands for sale, but we have issued reliable, up to-date Information relative to farm­ ing opportunities in territory we serve and can give prospective settlerB im­ partial, trustworthy data as to agri­ cultural possibilities in F.ock Island States Southwest. Homeseekers' tick­ ets on sale first and third Tuesdays of each month. 'Write me for full particu­ lars at once. L. M. Allen, Passenger Traffic Manager, Rock Island Lines. 719 La Salle Station. Chicago.--Adv. Lucky Animate • . "The animals of tht woodland alHs preparing for cold weather. Tbeyai* ̂ growing extra thick coats of fur." »•' "They are lucky to be able to do so. ? Beats my system of buttoning under my vest an old newspaper."--*r""^ vilfe Courier-Journal. ' . j Used Whenever Quinine is Ne«M Does Not Affect the Head j Bec.mse of Its tonic and laxative effect LAX- • ATIVK BROMO QL'INJN'E will be fouud better than ordinary Quinine for any purpose J or which Quiuine is us«<l. IXws not cause ne«- Tousi'tss nor ringrinfr in bead. Bcmembertlier* 1* oul.v one "Brtnno (Quinine." Thnt is L-ajw tire Bromo Quinine. Look for Bi^uature el E. W. Uruve. i5e.--Adv. One Advantage. "Do you find living with alimony bst» ter than living with a husband?** "1 should say 1 do. That comes It regularly, at least." Mother Gray'* Sw®«t rowdurs fwCfelMna For KeTerisbnrM, Bad Stomach, ftrikfaif DiaorUeru, move and regulate the Boncels an4 are a pleaaaot remedy for Worms. U&eU by Mothers for 3-> years. They are ao pleaaant to take, children like theiu. TMrr ntvtr Mil. At all Dntreists, 16c. Sample FRKS. Addxa% A. 8. Olmsted, Le Roy, N. A dr. v.'lSS A man nev^r realizes how insignlft. cant be is utt'til he attends bis ova wedding. Dr. Pierce's Pellet* are bat te - tw; bowels and stomach- One little PeOet far a laxative--three for a cathartic,--Adv. A Generation. Webster merely dehnes a generation generally, as "the average life or man. or the ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father id succeeded by child." The Standard dictionary says: "'Commonly estimat ed at one-third of a century." Tlie Century dictionary states that "the hiatorical average is commonly reck­ oned at about thirty years." The average woman is willing to ad- An o^ery man s dog sticks to his mit that any man Is perfect who j master, but a good man s dog oftaa thinks she is perfect. I disappears, leaving no elue. Not Giay Hairs bat tired tyas Make look older tk>u we Old acs Md Dull lyes -- te>I-tal«. Iftrlo* Ky« Co*.p*«y. Chlc»t». Iu<li at ly» After th* Movies (' to bouts -, sad Mur in* your Two Drops "*•' will rest, rrtrssk and , cleanse. ,• -s - Have it h a i t d y . s ' ' s; ' • I «*•'***• . _ , • . . - > . 1 .. . W - ' "A-*' ' 1 ' • >.'-v > ' -r - ' . . .• '• * ' ' • ' f' V . 'l-VLf