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THE McHEXRY fr\INt>EAT-lER, ]it<-HENRV, v>" ' ' <*4J ; "*' •• ^"*>T ^^'>.1 R,""'. '•?•' V - f -9. '^1 rfc it * ; •' Mr '.', THERE'S ALWAYS OPPORTUNITY TTHIS YOUNG MAN HAS dJ INVENTED A NEW FORM O F A E R O P L A N E T H A T M A K E S F L Y I N G S A F E R . WEALTH IN SIGHT FOR. HIM AFTER LONG STRUGGLE AGAINST ODDS. r. CHARLES RU3SCU. By JERLE DAVIS. F a young fellow has the right stuff in him there is no limit to his soaring-- especially if he invents an aeroplane that is as "safe as a rocking chair." And this is the situation which Mr. T. Charles Russell, a Chicago inventor, faces. After five years of hard work and fighting big odds he stands on the threshold of wealth and fame. Seven or eight years ago, Russell was a freshman in the academic course at Northwestern university, Evanston, 111. He had an uncanny knack for un­ derstanding the why and wherefore of electricity and mechanics, and was able to earn his way through college by doing odd jobs for a light and power concern. During the four years he put in at literature, rlanguages, mathematics and other subjects con­ tained in a college arts course he was tinkering along on the side with toy aeroplanes of hfs own devising. Russell was slowly working out the details of a dream--one of the kind of dreams that have made Edison, the Wrights, Hammond, Bell and Marconi scientific conjurers. After he had received his bachelor of arts de­ gree, this young man--he was born at Midland, S. D., twenty-seven years ago--went into the en­ gineering school and specialized in physics and engineering. Then he began to experiment with his aeroplane for all he was worth. Because it wasn't a part of the regular course, Russell had trouble getting shop space in which to do this worlr Thp Hrhnol puthnritipfl hp anva hart mannari out a prescribed course and they considered that a deviation from it would mean confusion in the ranks. He even went before the trustees and made a plea for special concessions, but without success. Sympathetic members of the faculty came to the rescue, however, and Russell found room in Dear­ born observatory to make experiments at night. Dozens of models were made, tried out and broken. The experiments had gone forward with fair steadiness for three years and longer, when the young man felt that he had discovered and worked out satisfactorily the principles of aero­ dynamics he had sought. That was three years ago. Then he vfrent gun­ ning for patent rights. It was easy enough to get simple patents, but the inventor wanted basic patents. Simple patents cover processes and methods, while basic patents cover principles. So after another long wait, voluminous correspond­ ence and endless dealing with lawyers, Russell was notified a few weeks ago that the basic patent rights were his. He carried the glad news to a fraternity friend. The friend carried it home to his father. The father went East on a business trip and told some Boston capitalists. And the Boston capitalists sent an aviator expert to Chicago to talk to young Russell and see what he had. What he had was "the goods" evidently, for a short time afterward a company was organized, foreign agents--sui»- posed to be representatives of the Anglo-Frencb- Russian allies--signed contracts, a big factory was leased and the Inventor went on to the plant to supervise the manufacture of the machines. Just before Russell went East the Chicago newt- papers printed brief accounts about the patent grants and the company's formation. Very little was said about the inventor. When he was ap­ proached for the "inside story" of his labors Mr. Russell wasn't easy to "get at." He was found in a little chicken-coop office which occupies a corner in the machine shop which he calls his own. His sleeves were rolled high and his hands were grimy. The clatter and whang of machinery made conversation difficult, but not so difficult as the young inventor himself made it--for he is a shy and reticent person, who would make a poor Belf- advertiser. But once he began to talk about his machine he was a whirlwind of impulsive speech, making quick, draftsmanlike sketches to illustrate his points. His aeroplane differs in shape from all other known makes. It is a biplane. That is, it has two sets of wings, one set several feet above the other. In other machines the planes spread straight across, and with the body and tail form a big capital T. In the Russell machine the wings form a double V. like this: VV. The tail is at­ tached to the place where the letters Join and extends to the rear. The narrow points of the letters form the front of the machine, and the pilot, passengers and engine company occupy a Bort of canoe which rests where the wings and tail Join. The lower wings extend forward of the upper ones--like a man with an undershot Jaw. The two propellers twirl on either side of the tail Just back of the wings. Mr. Russell didn't have war in mind when he was working on his invention. His idea centered in commercial possibilities. So long as the aero­ plane remained unstable--so long as a driver had to keep his hands on the controls to prevent the machine's capsizing--it would remain a sporting proposition. Btit when the time came that, by im­ provements in the aeroplane, the driver need only crank up and guide, simply as he would guide an automobile, the flier would be very useAil in busi­ ness and pleasure. In the double-V machine the young inventor be­ lieves he has discovered the great secret of in- twos or fM/rx WW** t: (Copyright Western S~rmpapet Union) T/i£ //Ytfrtro/? IS WO/?HMG ON AN ELECFRO -mGMr/C /ZA&D F//?£ MACHINE cm 1 Decidedly Encouraging From Ev­ ery Standpoint. Speaking of conditions generally In Canada, the most encouraging feature of the year, from a trade and financial standpoint, has been the bountiful harvest of the Northwest, where a greatly increased area under cultiva­ tion has given the highest average yield in the history of the country. It is .estimated that the grain crop of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta has a market value to the producers of approximately four hundred million dollars, in the use of which we may anticipate not only the liquidation of much indebtedness, but the stimula­ tion of current trade. The annual reports of the various banks throughout Canada are now be­ ing published. They savor of opti mi8m all the way through, and, con­ trary to what might be generally ex­ pected in war times, business is good everywhere. The General Manager of the Bank of Montreal at the'"Vecent annual meet ing said: "The position of Canada is a highly favored one, with an assured future of growth, development and general prosperity." In the same report it is said that the Canadian West "has recovered to a marked extent from the economic dis­ location of a year ago." The season's wheat and other cereal crops have exceeded all previous rec­ ords in quantity and quality, and, de­ spite the enormous yield, prices have been uncommonly well maintained. It would be difficult to exaggerate the importance of these results to the Prairie Provinces--and the Dominion at large. The prosperity of those engaged In mixed farming and "ranching is most encouraging. The flour mills in Manitoba. Sas­ katchewan and Alberta are busy and are doing well. Their combined dally capacity is about 27,000 barrels The large advances of the Dominion Government to farmers in certain dis­ tricts, principally in the form of seed, were made very opportunely and have been amply justified by the very large crop yield in those districts. Business in many important lines is good and should continue to improve as returns from grain yet to be map herent stability. Placed In the positions de­ scribed, the wings present a broad surface to air currents on all sides "The dangerous air pockets are no longer death gaps in the atmosphere." Rus­ sell declares. All present types of fliers--that is, all the new ones both in this country and abroad--use a gyroscope control. This is a sort of governor, like the governor on a stationary steam or gas en­ gine, that automatically warps the aeroplane wings to meet constantly varying air surfaces when the machine is in flight. These devices are just emerging from the experimental stage. With the gyroscopic stabilizer doing the work, what Is the advantage of the Russell machine? bet Russell tell: "The stabilizing devices are all artificial con­ trollers. If the stabilizer gets out of fix when the machine is 3,000 feet above ground it means dan­ ger and possible death for the passengers. The safe machine is one that needs no such control­ ler. It is a machine whose very shape is an au­ tomatic controller--a real automatic controller that cannot be tinkered with if the machine is to leave the ground at all." This new aeroplane can be made in any size. It is understood that the fliers being constructed in Boston will have a wing sp'read of a hundred feet or more and will carry two independent en­ gines, each developing 160 horse power. Machines of this size and power are capable of carrying half a dozen passengers, one or two rapid-fire guns, fifty to a hundred large explosive bombs, fuel for a 500-mile flight and scientific Instruments for navigation. They can travel rapidly, too--fifty to ninety miles an hour. It is easy to imagine the value of such machines In peace as well as in war. Already the govern­ ment Is experimenting with aeroplane mall routes, and Postmaster General Burleson has recommended the establishment of regular aero- mail service. The possibilities are without limit, it seems. And for war--well, we know a little of what they are doing with aeroplanes In Europe. All the chief belligerents are building huge planes, triple-winged and engined, that in a pinch can fly close to a thousand miles and carry half a dozen men with small cannon, ammunition and deadly bombs of large size. In a report which he has submitted to President Wilson, and which will be made public soon, Secretary of the Navy Dan­ iels tells of some remarkable developments in aeroplane construction byvAmerican designers and inventors. He mentions specifically "an aeroplane that practically sails itself. About all the aviator has to do Is to crank up and sit at the steering wheel.* Mr. Russell's explanation of the principle in­ volved in his aeroplane 1B Greek to the layman. "The problem is to maintain the center of up­ ward pressure to coincide with the center of area at all times, no matter whether the machine is in direct forward flight or is falling. This problem I have solved, if the success of all my experiments proves anything." There's a young Inventor either at work or dreaming over work to be done wherever you go in this broad land of ours. In the towns and cities you see amateur wireless receiving stations strung from barn gables to attic windows. In the country the youngsters are tinkering over the tool benches--working away at some idea that may revolutionize an industry. The history of young Mr. Russell should be an inspiration to every youth born without a silver *3AT7r//ar T/fLf /?L/3S£/LL MACS/////?--^ spoon in his mouth. This inventor saw the light of day first in a South Dakota village. He. spent some of his childhood at Evanston, another small town. He received his common school and high school education at Paw Paw, Mich., which is no metropolis. He has had to paddle his own finan­ cial canoe and "help the folks" besides. He has been denied opportunity and has forced his own pathway. Does he expect riches to come immediately? This is his point of view: "I expect to get royalties later. My invention has to prove its worth first. If wealth comes, it will be the reward for toil and discouragement. 1 certaintly don't expect to sit arouisU and wait for money to be dropped into my hat. "Let me pay a tribute to two men who have stood by me and helped to jnake this aeroplane In­ vention possible. One is Prof. Philip Fox of Dear­ born observatory. The other is Prof. Henry Crew of the physics department at Northwestern. Mr. Fox helped me with my experiments as much as one man could help another. As for Mr. Crew-- the training I got under him in learning to analyze things is priceless. "This analytic training has taught me to sit down with a vagrant idea and pursue it to ^first principles--to get to the heart of every proposi­ tion." Mr. Russell's first money-making invention was an electric blanket. This device looks like an ordinary bed comforter. Its stuffing, however, is interwoven with fine wires incased in asbestos. Connected with an ordinary light socket the blan­ ket develops considerable heat--enough, say, to keep an outdoor sleeper comfortable when the mercury is ihlddled at the bottom of the tube. Other inventions are an aero-fan, said to be an Improvement on ordinary cool-breeze makers; an electric heating pad. similar in principle of con­ struction to the blanket, and a thermostat for controlling electric heat. What promises to be another important inven­ tion, however, is an electro-magnetic rapid-fire gun. Mr. Russell has been working at odd times on this idea for several months. The principle is the expulsion of missiles from a gun without the use of explosive material, he says, and experi­ ments with workshop models have been highly gratifying. "It may be years, though, before I perfect it." the young man smiles. "I have the idea fixed In mind and it is a matter of developing the idea. "Someone else may produce a successful gun of this type before I do. I have a gun that will shoot all right, but it isn't ready for the war market by a long shot." And just to show you that a rising young inven­ tor is an ordinary hiupan being like the rest of us, here's one on Mr. Russell: He didn't want the photographer to take Ws picture as he stood with his sleeves rolled up before a work bench be­ cause he thought that the dense growth of black hair on his arms would show when the picture appeared In the paper. Furthermore, he was very careful to fix the knot of his four-in-hand tie "just so" before he said, "All ready!" VULGAR DI8PLAY OF WEALTH. "My face Is my fortune," said the conscious beauty. "Well, It Isn't necessary for you to be con stantly flashing your roll," remarked the male cynic.--Judge. COSTLY CLOSING OF CANALS How Freight Rates Have Been In­ creased by Interruption of World Traffic. Trade is suffering severely from the closing of the canal, and the shippers who made use of it during the months it was in operation now realize vividly what the interoceanic waterway means to them. One western firm is sending two freight boats from the Pacific to the Atlantic, where char­ ters are highly profitable, and finds that it will cost $15,000 more for the trip around the Horn than R would through the canal. Freight rates fiom the eastern to the western sea­ board have about trebled. The effect of the stoppage of the canal Is re­ flected in the greatly increased earn­ ings of the transcontinental railroads. Just now there is a great deal of ap­ prehension in shipping circles lest the Suez canal be temporarily destroyed by an act of war, says Leslie's. This would mean that the shipping from the Atlantic ports of the United States and Europe to the East Indies would have to double the Cape of Good Hope. With shipping as scarce as It Is now this would be a heavy blow to a com­ mercial world already badly upset. TECHNICALITIES OF THE INDICTMENT. The average man will never realize what an extremely technical paper the indictment is, and how the rules iu it must be observed against all com­ mon sense. It is one of these rules that the venue--the place where the crime is said to have been committed--must be stated in the indictment and must be proven at the trial. In Campbell county, Virginia, a prisoner named Anderson was put on trial for murder. The evidence showed that the murder took place at Anderson's store, about one-quarter of a mile from Lynches Station. The indictment did not say the murder was committed at Lynches Station and that Lynches Station was in Campbell county. It was so well known to everybody that Lynches Station was in Campbell county that it never occurred to anyone formally to Introduce evidence In proof of that fact. Nevertheless this was a violation of the rules, and the supreme court reversed the verdict, holding that it would not take judicial notice that I Lynches Station was in Campbell county, and sent the case back for a new trial.--Melville Davisson Post in the Saturday Evening Post MANLIKE TEETH OF ANCIENT APE. Prof. A. G. Thacher, an eminent British geologist, in an article in Science Progress, mentions the recent discovery of the Jaw of an ape which has teeth more closely resembling human teeth than do those of the chimpanzee and orang-utan, man's nearest relatives in the animal world. In these animals, and In all of the living species of the ape, the cuspldr are much large sutd longer than in man. But in this ancient ape. which l<7dd, arroijiMHE^K geologists, hundreds of thousands of years ago, the cua- pids wert jpHQKe those of man. This is regarded as an Indication that the dev.ioffMH the cuspid teeth of apes resulted from the necessity for their uue inJMMLoff husks of nuts and for like purposes. Her Bad Break. Maggie was a maid in the employ of a Gotham family. One afternoon two woman visitors rang the bell, and, telling them to be seated. Maggie went into another part of the house to sea if her mistress were in. "I am very sorry," said the maid, returning a minute later, "but Mrs. Brown went out and won't bp back till dinner time." "That is too bad," exclaimed one of the women, as the callers started for the door. "And to think, too, that I have forgotten my cards. I will have to--" "Never mind the cards, ma'am," In­ terjected Maggie, with a kindly dis­ posed smile. "I told the mistress your names when 1 went upstairs." These Three Women Tell How They Escaped the Dreadful Ordeal or Surgical Operations. ' *3$ Hospitals are great and necessary institutions, but they should be the last resort for women who suffer with ills peculiar to their sex. Many letters on file in the Pinkhara Laboratory at Lynn, Mass., prove that a great number of women after they have been recommended to submit to an operation have been made well by Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, Here are three such letters. AU sick women should read them. Marinette, "Wis.---"I "went to the doctor and he told me I must have an operation for a female trouble, and I hated to have it done as I had been married only a short time. I would have terrible pains and my hands and feet were cold all the time. I took Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com­ pound and was cured, and I feel better in every way. I give you permission to publish my name' because I am so thankful that I feel well again.*' --Mrs. FBED BEHNKE, Marinette, Wis. DetroityMieh.--"When I first took Lydia HL Pinkham's Vegetable Compound I was so run down with female troubles that I could not do anything, and our doctor said I would have to undergo an operation. I could hardly walk, without help so when I read about the Vegetable Compound and what it had done for others I thought I would try it I got a bottle of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound and a package of Lydia E. Pinkham's Sanative Wash and used them according to directions. They helped me and today I am able to do all my work and I am welL* --Mrs. THOS. DWTER, 989 Milwaukee Ave., East, Detroit, Mich. Bellevue, Pa.--w I suffered more than tongue can tell with terrible bearing down pains and inflammation. I tried several doctors and they all told me the same story; that I never could get well without an operation and I just dreaded the thought of that. I also tried & good many other medicines that were recommended to me and none of them helped me until a friend advised me to give Lydia E. Pink­ ham's Vegetable Compound a trial. The first bottle helped, I kept taking it and now I don't; know what it is to be sick any more and I am picking up in weight I am 20 years old and weigh 145 pounds. It will be the greatest pleasure to me if I can have the oppor­ tunity to recommend it to any other suffering woman."--Miss IKKHS FBOELICHER, 1923 Manhattan St., North Side, Bellevue, Pa. If yon would like special advice write to Lydia E. Pinkham Med. Co. (confidential ),L.ynn, Mass. Your letter will be opened* lead and answered by a woman and held in strict confidence. r# ivj • ̂ W- •: " -S -"I.'« A. ! £,; | The general business outlook has been transformed by the large crop. The returns of the gross earnings of Canadian railroads for November show those of the Canadian Pacific In creased $1,796,000 or 78 per cent for the last nine days of the month. Com­ pared with same month year ago. In­ crease no less than $5,291,000 or €7.6 per cent against a 45 per cent gain In October, and a decrease of 4V4 per cent in September. H. V. Meredith, of the Bank of Mont­ real, in a recent address delivered at Montreal, declared that the most en­ couraging feature from a trade and finance standpoint had been the boun­ tiful harvest of the Northwest, where the greatly Increased area under culti­ vation had given the highest average in hiBtory of the country. He esti­ mated the grain crop of the three provinces at a value of over $400,000,- 000, and said that such remarkable re­ sults would have the effect of attract­ ing the tide of immigration to our shores, when the world is again at peace. The restoration of a favorable balance in our foreign trade is a fac­ tor of supreme importance at the pres­ ent time. It is the general opinion In the [Cast that the 1915 grain crop in the Prai­ rie Provinces not only put the whole Dominion in a sounder trade and finan­ cial standing, but that it will also re­ sult in a big increase in immigration to the West of agricultural settlers, who will Include capitalized farmers from Europe and the United States as well as homesteaders.--Advertisement. A Winter Campaign. you set rid of th.** "Well, we are preparing for a drive against her." STOP EATING MEAT IF KIDNEYS OR BACK HURT Take a Glass of 8alts to Clean Kld> neys If Bladder Bothers Yon- Meat Forms Urio Acid. Eating meat regularly eventually produces kidney trouble in some form or other, says a well-known authority, because the uric acid In meat excites the kidneys, they become overworked; get sluggish; clog up and cause ail sorts of distress, particularly backache and misery in the kidney region; rheu­ matic twinges, severe headaches, acid stomach, constipation, torpid liver, sleeplessness, bladder and uninary ir­ ritation. The moment yonr back hurts or kid- heys aren't acting right, or if bladder bothers you, get about four ounces of Jad Salts from any good pharmacy; take a tablespoonful in a glass of water before breakfast for a few days and your kidneys will then act fine. This famous salts is made from the acid of grapes and lemon Juice, com­ bined with lithia, and has been used for generations to fluoh clogged kid­ neys and stimulate them to normal activity; also to neutralize the acids in the urine so It no longer Irritates, thus ending bladder disorders. Jad Salts cannot injure anyone; makes a delightful effervescent llthia- water drink which millions of men and women take now and then to keep the kidneys and urinary organs clean, thus avoiding serious kidney disease.--Adv. Combination "What are you knitting, dear?" "4 shawl tJ send to Mr. rnd Mrs. Jones with our united love." Important to Mothers Examine carefully every bottle o! CASTORIA, a safe and sure remedy for infants and children, and see that it Bears the Signature In Use For Over 30 Years. Children Cry for Fletcher's Caatoria Cold in the Head?--Look Out-- Its Dangerous-- C4SCAKA QUININE i k Tfre oW standard * form--No unpleasant alter affects--1 opiates -- Cures colds in 24 boon--1 Grippe in 3days--Money back if It! Mr. Hill's picture eo lt~ Insist on genuine--Box wfek ltd ( V. & RlCaapaagr, ! Constipation s 'fe Vanishes Forever f Prompt Relief--Permanent CoMfe CARTER'S LITTLE ^ LIVER PILLS never faiL Purely vegeta­ ble " set surely but gently on the liver. Stop after dinner dis­ tress--cure indigestion, . _ improve the c omplexion, brighten the eyefc SMALL PlLL, SMALL DOSE. SMALL PRICE. Genuine must bear Signature CARTERS ITTLE PILLS. BLACK LOSSES SURELY PREVENTED br Ctttir'i Slssttef nil*. Low. T T T W r i t e f c r b o c k i e t a n d t « ? s t . ! m o n S a i | _ • I « 10-dota pkga. Blackleg Pi]Is Jl.00 S0-doM pk)«. Blaeklca Pill* 4.0* lTse *r.y lnj<vtor. hut Cutter's buL The superiority of CutU-r products Is due tn f>7?r IS le.i rs of £f>ecla!lz!;i£ lit vaccines and scrums only. Insist «II Cutter's. If unobtainable, onter direct. Tk« Cuttir Labortiwx Bvkiity, Cal., «r Ckica**. Uh PARKER'S HAIR BALSAM A toilet prvp«tration of merit* fielp» to irate dandruff. For Restoring Color ati\l Beauty to Gray or Faded Hair. 60a. and $Ltf0*c i»ra^:su. "MM The patches that decorate the trousers of a calamity howler are not on the knees. SALESMAN HAVING The Quinine That Does Not Affect Head Because of its tonie and laxative effect. LAXA­ TIVE BROMO QUININE is better tliaa ordinary quinine and can be taken by anyone, tso. The things that usually happen are those that seem impossible. When all others fail to pleaM Try Denison's Coffee. Adversity lifts up many a man whom prosperity has knocked out. Put tho 8i Altr*'ORD on yonr car. 'rest It tbotl$ oughly Ore Jajs. Show others. The STA KTFOKIS will tell you whether It's the best Starter ever paS on sl 1"ordi also whether It will S£ll. h^ent with ,ln%. structions C. O. O. 111.50, allowing live duy.-> iri&te BipreMcompany returns year deposit If yo$ return STARTKORD. Liberal commission to $*leat» man. We are looking for a liTe wire in your towi% SYMONS BROTHERS. Winaetka. lllinoa£ Ford Owners--$3.SS will (tart jour car lly in eoldeat weather. Save fta»o!ln*. gl more power, reduce carbon dtlH'sH. rtduc# Wear, give untform mixture and smooth run* nlng. A»k ua how l.lve agents wanted, Hrnm Sales Corp., 463 Dewing PI., Chit-ago. PATENTS. W at sea K. lngtoo.D.CX Books frse. HI W. N. U.. CHICAGO. NO. &-191S. Most Eminent Medical Authorities Endorse It A New Remedy for Kidney, Bladder mnd all Uric AcM Tremble* Dr. Eberle and Dr. Braithwaite as well as Dr. Simon--all distinguished Authors--agree that whatever may be the disease, the urine seldom fails in furnishing us with a clue to the princi­ ples upon which it is to be treated, and accurate knowledge concerning the nature of disease can thus be ob­ tained. If backache, scalding urine or frequent urination bother or distress you, or If uric acid in the blood has caused rheumatism, gout or sciatica or you suspect kidney or bladder trouble Just write Dr. Pierce at the Surgical Institute, BufTalo, N. Y.; send a sample of urine and describe symp­ toms. You will receive free medical advice after Dr. Pierce's chemist has examined the urine--this will be care­ fully done without charge, and you will he under no obUfatiao. Er. Flare* during many years of experimentation has discovered a new remedy which*., is thirty-seven times more powerful,.! than lithia in removing uric aciti from,, the system. If you are suffering from' backache or the pains of rheumatism."* go to your best druggist and ask for a 50 cent box of "J.nKrtc" put up by Doctor Pierce, or send 10c for a large trial pek'g. Dr. Pierce's Favorit«J.Pre»« scription for weak women and Dr. - Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery, for the blood have been favorably known for the past forty years and . " ; ruore. They are standard remedies^, to-day--as well as Doctor Pierce siV 1*,^' Pleasant Pellets for the liver an<t:^..> 4 bowels. You can have a sample of one of these remedies by writing DrJ\ ;r?j Pierce, and sending 10c for trial - m- " ' ' i >1 ̂ M