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W: ;-, Kj ^ \ * - ' *» «. .s< t. < *< \ "t. r* , »" Tttl? MCHENRT FTAWftEALEtt, MeHEKWr, *tTX .. s-aj-ap^gwiii ©sjsgfgpi ***» ̂̂ ' \ A ? U - * f * 7 ; ' # * • * * ^ \ \ - » , ' * , • • • . . * , . • - <. u-- „• ' - t - ' W:,.- • v , ' - V ^ ••'.<••„••••' • i *-3:.^y. •-i.-S-' ft •», ~ jw ^ Mi ' ;• >"'r'." PRESIDENT TELLS (HN6RESS ABOUT HIS ULTIMATUM Joint Session Hears of Action i% T Wat May Result in Broken Relations. GERMANY SHARPLY INDICTED i: V , "i •? . ? K $£ ;V:. . Kr'J Wilson Sets Forth Progress of Kaiser's Submarine Warfare, His Futile Promises and the Final Ex­ haustion of America's Patience. tlona which tt had issued to Its subma­ rine commanders, and assured the gov­ ernment of the United States that tt would take every possible precaution, both to respect the rights of neutrals and to safeguard the lives of noncom­ batants. "What has actually happened In the year which has since elapsed has shown that those hopes were not justi­ fied, those assurances insusceptible of being fulfilled. In pursuance of the policy of submarine warfare against the commerce of Its adversaries, thus announced and entered upon by the imperial German government In despite of the solemn protest of this government, the commanders of Her­ man undersea vessels have attacked merchant ships with greater and great­ er activity, not only upon the high seas surrounding Great Britain and Ireland, but wherever they encounter them, in a way that has grown more and more ruthless, more and more indiscriminate as the months have gone by, less and less observant of re­ straints of any kind; and bavlr-deliv- ered their attacks without compunc­ tion against vessels of every nationality and bound upon every sort of er­ rand. Vessels of neutral ownership, •I'M: us House of Representatives, the Cap- ; ttol, Washington, April 20.--Sharply "rr*4* '""Indicting Germany for Its use of sub- ^ ^narines against merchant vessels, resident^ Wilson yesterday, before a j even vessels of neutral ownership bound from neutral port to neutral port, have been destroyed along with vessels of belligerent ownership. In constantly increasing numbers. Some­ times the merchantman attacked has been warned and summoned to sur­ render before being fired on or tor­ pedoed; sometimes passengers or crews have been vouchsafed the poor security of being allowed to take to the ship's boats before she was sent to the bottom. But again and again no warning has been given, no escape even to the ship's boats allowed to those on board. What this government foresaw must happen has happened. Tragedy ..has followed tragedy on the seas in such fashion, with such at­ tendant circumstances, as to make It grossly evident that warfare of such a sota; If warfare it be, cahnot be car­ ried on without the most palpable violation of the dictates alike of right and of humanity. Whatever the dispo­ sition and intention of the imperial German government. It has manifestly proved Impossible for it to keep such methods of attack upon the commerce of Its enemies within bounds se^ by either the reason or the heart of man­ kind. As to Armed Merchantmen. "In February of the present year the imperial Germaa yovernment informed this government and the other neutral governments of the world that it bad reason to believe that the government of Great Britain had armed all mer­ chant vessels of British ownership and bad given them secret orders to attack any submarine of the enemy they might encounter upon the oeas, and that the imperial German government felt justified in the circumstances in treating all armed . merchantmen of belligerent ownership as auxiliary ves­ sels of war, which It would have the right to destroy without warning. "The law of nations has long rec­ ognized the right of merchantmen to carry arms for protection and to use them to repel attack, though to use them, in such circumstances, at their own risks; but the Imperial German government claimed the right to set these understandings aside in circum­ stances which it deemed 'extraordi­ nary. Even the terms in which it an­ nounced its purpose thus still furth­ er to relax the restraints it had pre­ viously professed its willingness and desire to put upon the operations .of Its submarines carried the plain Impli­ cation that at least vessels which were not armed would still be exempt from destruction without warning and that personal safety would be accord­ ed their passengers and crews; but even that limitation, if it was ever practicable to observe it, has in fact constituted no check at all upon the destruction of ships of every sort "Again and again the Imperial Ger­ man government has given this gov- eminent its solemn assurances that at least passenger ships would not be thus dealt with, and yet tt has again and again permitted its undersea com­ manders to disregard these assur­ ances with entire impunity. Great liners like the Lusitanla and the Ar­ abic and mere ferry boats like the Sussex have been attacked without a moment's warning, sometimes be­ fore they had even become aware that they were in the presence of an armed vessel i>f the enemy, and the lives of noncombatants. passengers and crew, have been sacrificed wholesale. In a manner which the government of the United States cannot regard as wanton and without the slightest col­ or of justification. No limit of any kind has in fact been set to the Indis­ criminate pursuit and destruction of merchantmen of all kinds and nation­ alities within the waters, constantly extending in area, where these oper­ ations have been carried on, and the roll of Americans who have lost their lives on shipB thus attacked and de­ stroyed has grown month by month until the ominous toll has mounted in­ to the hundreds, 8ussex a Late Example. "One of the latest and most shock­ ing instances of, this method of war- joint. session of congress, issued pub- ..ivSio notice to the world that unless that »> t / < jgovarnment changes its methods the , V V" tinited States will have no choice UAj' i" \ • *t>ut to sever diplomatic relations. V * "The history in the making," was #f**" Witnessed by one of the largest gath- llT - |i *rings that has ever been Jammed Into " M' the historic chamber of the house of j"? ' representatives. Every single Inch |$7 °* available space was occupied, while *%** fx-,"-literally thousands were turned away. m* ' * There was no questioning the seri- ; .ousneaa of the president's position. §^f^:«l. voice, somewhat husky, penetrated /" \ -every corner of the room, and the 'ifi Ifs^V message was emphasized with an ex- Jpression that showed its author was fearful of the outcome. . That serious- ' * 1 ness was shared by the audience, the J 1 usual applause given the president's lift ;;>l|$f^tiutterances being absent. 1 ' The message in every sense was. an ,, ,' ultimatum. True, it contained no time ^ . !$ - "limit within which reply must be made. ^ It flatly insisted that the German .submarine warfare has reached the is? let' ®tage w^en this government will no '.. longer tolerate It. > The German explanations, previous- ly made, have been accepted in good V ^ -itfaith, the president said, in the hope ftf'j'- -that that government would finally fv Sr* ^ aWe 80 order and control the acts fc , <of its naval commanders as to square t Its policy with the position of human- as embodied -in -the "law of na- .-«* i * Hons." The United States had been willing ^ , to wait, the president said, "until the ' ^isnificance of the facts became abso- 'lutely unmistakable and susceptible " < of but one interpretation." That point, ' he Bald, has "now unhappily been ' r reached." . .4^ fir Text of President's Address. •V' ' following Is the complete text of * ' the president's address: "Gentlemen of the Congress: A sftu- •*i°n ^as arisen In the foreign rela- tions of the country of which It Is my plain duty to inform you very frankly. S&2 ^,^11 j "It will be recalled that in Febru- 18^, «ry, 1915, the imperial German govern-' ?> » . n «nent announced its Intention to treat 1# *l»e waters surrounding Great Britain and Ireland as embraced within the ;,i ' •• ""aeat of war and to destroy all mer- chant Bhips owned by its enemies that be found within any part of ' ,rX ,, <that Portion of the high seas, and that f'.'it warned all vessels, of neutral as p,4 "well as of belligerent ownership, to 'j " Jkeep out of the waters it bad thus i prescribed, or else enter them at their peril. The government of the United States earnestly protested. It took ^ ' the position that such a policy could jnot be pursued without the practical eertaiuty of gross and palpable violar | -y tions of the law of nations, particular- • jf ^1y If submarine craft were to be em- ** L ployed as its instruments, inasmuch as j the rules prescribed by that law. rules 5 founded upon principles of humanity and established for the protection of the lives of noncombatants at sea - I ceuld not in the nature of the case be ' £v-' observed by such vessels. It baaed Its protest on the ground that persons of neutral nationality and vessels of ; neutral ownership would be exposed $$ extreme and intolerable risks, and « that no right to close any part of the 1 };? :f. high seas against their use or to ex- rf"; , t1' poee them to such risks could lawfully |V J; «.r be asserted by any belligerent govern- 1^" " ment The law of nations in these jpf ^ matters, upon which the government ' >t X # * of th® United States based Its protest ' >'t'\ is not of recent origin or founded upon f'f J merely arbitrary principles set up by jjkv? | , convention. It le based, on the con- trary, upon manifest and imperative f?< ^ 4 * principles of humanity and has long iy » %" •*'*• 'been established with the approval ^ and by the express assent of all dvi- <S nf i mt Used nations. Protest Was Disregarded. "Notwithstanding the earnest pro­ test of our government, the imperial German government at once proceeded to carry out the policy It has an­ nounced. It expressed the hope that the dangers Involved, at any rate the •dangers to neutral vessels, would be reduced to a minimum by the instruo- MEN AND MATTERS Lord Kitchener reads ail his •p eches. - • „ ' Philadelphia baa over 1,000 whole­ sale houses. The average height of a new-horn infant Is 18 inches. Robert W. Chambers, the novelist, was once an illustrator. France has over 800,000 employees In the government service. ; |Uenry A. Dupont is conceded to be the richest man in theUnlted States. O. L. Wilder, who is totally blind, operates a grist mill at^WiUiamsport, Pa. Out of every dollar paid by the pub­ lic for railroad transportation the em­ ployees receive '45 cents. Theodore Roosevelt was the young­ est man who ever assumed the presi­ dency of the United States. Fifty-one years as an employee of the United States treasury depart­ ment is the record held by Maj. Al­ fred R. Quaiffe. who for the past 31 years has been custodian of the huge deposits of gold and silver which the •nturr"""* Ifantifi In gnnlta Cruel. Patience---It is said . the musical acuteness of horses is shown by the rapidity with which cavalry horses learn the significance of trumpet calls. Patrice--I'll bet if you sang while riding one he'd fun away. Those Loving Girls. Hazel--He actually followed me with his eyes for more than a block. Almee--And if you bad only worn a veil he probably would have fol­ lowed you with his feet. ' Barefoot. "Ihlnk of this poor people who hare to go barefoot!" exclaimed the sym­ pathetic girl. "You can't always tell about the pov­ erty of people who go barefoot." re­ plied her unimaginative father. "8ome of them may be ballet dancers." The Real, Flattery. "Do you think it's a good idea to tell a man funny stories when you're try­ ing to Jolly bim?" "No," replied the veteran "1M hlm tft^ ,a» |o you.,* > v far* was that of the destruction of the French cross-channel steamer Sussex. It must stand forth, as the sinking of the steamer Lusitanla did, as so singularly tragical and unjusti­ fiable as to constitute a truly terrible example of the inhumanity of subma­ rine warfare as the commanders of German vessels have for the past twelve months been conducting It If this Instance stood alone, some explanation, some disavowal by the German government, some evidence of criminal mistake or willful disobe­ dience on the^part of the commander of the vessel that Bred the torpedo might be sought or entertained; but unhappily It does not stand alone. Recent events make the conclusion inevitable that it is only one instance, even though it be one of the most ex­ treme and distressing instances, of the spirit and method of warfare which the Imperial German govern­ ment has mistakenly adopted, and which from the first exposed that gov­ ernment to the reproach of thrusting all neutral rights aside in pursuit 6f its immediate objects. "The government of the United States has been very patient. At ev­ ery stage of this distressing experi­ ence of tragedy after tragedy in which its own citizens were involved It had sought to be restrained from any ex­ treme course of action or of protest by a thoughtful consideration of the extraordinary circumstances of this unprecedented war and actuated in all it said or did by the sentiments of genuine friendship which the peiople of the United States have always en­ tertained and continue to entertain to­ ward the German nation. It has. of course,-' accepted the successive expla­ nations and assurances of the impe­ rial German government as given In entire sincerity and good faith, and has hoped, even against hope, that It would prove to be possible for the German government so to order and control the acts of its naval comman­ ders as to square its policy with the principles of humanity as embodied in the Jaw of nations. It has been willing to wait until the significance of the facts became absolutely unmis­ takable and susceptible of but one In­ terpretation. - "That point has now'unhappily been reached. The facts are susceptible of but one Interpretation. The Impe­ rial German government has been un­ able to put any limit or restraints upon Its warfare against either freight or passenger ships, it has therefore become painfully evident that the po­ sition which this government took at the very outset is inevitable, namely, that the use of submarines for the de­ struction of an enemy's commerce is of necessity, because of the very char­ acter of the vessels employed and the very methods of attack which their employment of course involves. In­ compatible With the principles of hu­ manity. the long-established and incon­ trovertible rights of neutrals, and the sacred Immunities of non-combatanta. Virtual Ultimatum 8ent. • "I have deemed ft my duty, there­ fore, to Bay to the Imperial German government that If it is still its pur­ pose to prosecute ruthless and indis­ criminate warfare against vessels of commerce by the use of submarines, notwithstanding the now demon­ strated Impossibility of conducting that warfare In accordance with what the government of the United States must consider th^ sacred and indis­ putable rules of International law and the universally recognized dictates of humanity, the government of the United States is at last forced to the conclusion that there is ibut ^^ene course It can pursue; and thaf unless the Imperial German government should now Immediately declare and effect an abandonment of its present methods bf warfare against passenger and freight carrying vessels this gov­ ernment can have no choice but to sever diplomatic relations with the government of the German empire al­ together. "This decision I hare arrived at with the keenest regret; the possibil­ ity of the action contemplated I am sure all thoughtful Americans will look forward to with unaffected reluc­ tance. But we cannot forget that we are in some sort and by the force of circumstances the responsible spokes­ man of the rights of humanity, and that we cannot remain silent while those rights seem in process of being utterly swept away In the maelstrom of this terrible war. We owe it to a due regard for our own rights as a nation, to our sense of duty as a pre­ ventative of the rights of neutrals the world over, and to a joint concep­ tion of the rights of mankind to take this stand now with the utmost solem* nity and firmness. 'I have taken it, and taken it In the confidence that it will meet with your approval and support All sober- minded men must unite In hoping that the imperial German govern­ ment. which has In other circum­ stances stood as the champion of all that we are now contending for In the interest of humanity, may recognize the justice of our demands and meet them in the spirit in which they are made." WORTH KNOWING Philippine cigars now are exported to 39 countries besides the United States. One thousand cases of American beer have been ordered by a firm In Karachi, India. Two of Denmark's young princes are handicapped by the names of "Vlggo" and "Aaga." The United States used one-fifth of the 40,000,000 pounda of sugar pro­ duced In the world last year. J^arge deposits of platinum have been discovered in the south of Spain. They will be worked by the govern­ ment. G, A Montana hospital claims the larg-; est electric range. It has eight ovens, and will prepare meals for 1,500 per­ sons dally. An iron ship weighs 17 per less than a wooden one of the aame dimension!, and will carry tf per cent more cargo. Exports of Scotch whisky to the United 8tates amounted to $396 80? last year, a falling off of more than aa compared wit* 1114. • i WAR MUSI STOP t Note Foreshadows Break Teutons Cease U-Boat , ^.-.CAttack*,' , * •V- • ; DEMANDS IMMEDIATE ACTION President Notifies Berlin Government That Diplomatic Relations Will Be 8evered If Present Methods of „ Submarine Commanders Are Not Abandoned at OirGt, Washington.--The note to Germany demanding, immediate cessation of il­ legal attacks by submarines on pas­ senger and freight steamers carrying neutrals was given out by the state department simultaneously with its receipt by Ambassador Gerard for de­ livery to the German foreign office. The note is regarded as essentially an ultimatum, although not given that technical designation by the state de­ partment. The note follows: "To Ambassador Gerard: You are Instructed to deliver to the secretary of foreign wCfairs a com­ munication reading as follows: • "I did not fail to transmit imimedi; ately by telegraph to my government your excellency's note of the 10th in­ stant in regard to certain attacks by German submarines, and particularly In regard to the disastrous explosion which pn March 24 last wrecked the French steamship Sussex In the Eng­ lish channel. "I have now the honor to deliver, un­ der instructions from my government, the following reply to your excellency: "Information now in the possession of the government of the United States fully establishes the facts in the case of the Sussex, and the inferences which my government has drawn from that information it regards as con­ firmed by the circumstances set forth in your excellency's note of the 10th Instant. "On the 24th of March, 1916, at about 2:50 o'clock in the afternoon,^ the unarmed steamer Sussex, with S25 or mqre passengers on board, among wM^ were a number of Amer­ ican citizens, was torpedoed while crossing from FollystQne to Dieppe. "The Sussex had^never been armed; was a vessel known to be habitually used only for the conveyance of pas­ sengers across the English channel, and was not following the route taken by troop ships or supply ships. "About eighty of her passengers, noncombatants of all ages* and sexes, Including citizens of ihe United States, were killed or injured. German Submarine Blamed. "A careful, detailed and scrupulous­ ly Impartial Investigation by naval and military officers of the United Staies has conclusively established the fact that the Sussex was torpedoed without warning or summons to surrender and that the torpedo by which she was struck waa^of German manufacture. In view of the government of the United States, these facts from the first made the conclusion that the torpedo was fired by a German submarine unavoid­ able. "It now consider? that conclusion substantiated by the statements of your excellency's note. A full state­ ment of the facts upon which the gov­ ernment of the United States has based its conclusion Is inclosed. "The government of the United States, after Jiaving given careful con­ sideration to the note of the imperial government of the 10th of April, re­ grets to state that the impression made upon it by the statements and proposals contained in that note Is that the imperial government has failed to appreciate the gravity of the situation whtoh has resulted, not alone from the attack on the Sussex, but from the whole method and character of submarine warfare as disclosed by the unrestrained practice of the com­ manders of German undersea craft dur­ ing the past twelve months and more in the indiscriminate destruction of merchant vessels of all sorts, nation­ alities and destinations. "If the sinking of the SusBex had been an isolated case, the government of the United States might find it pos­ sible to hope that the officer who was responsible for that act had wilfully violated his orders or had been crim­ inally negligent in taking none of the precautions they prescribed and to hope that the ends of Just) je might be satisfied by imposing upon him an ade­ quate punishment, coupled with a for­ mal disavowal of the act and payment of a suitable indemnity by the im­ perial government. "But, though the attack upon the MAN WAS EVER UNGRATEFUL Sh Aa Witness His Treatment of Faithful Friend Whose Only Idea Is to Do Him a 8ervice. The truest and most devoted friend that man ever had is the little inani­ mate bundle of nerves that stands guard by his bedside through the dead hours of the night, its palpitating lit­ tle heart spreading cheer and confi­ dence over the surrounding gloom. Tet man often forgets the depths of Sussex was manifestly indefensible and caused a loss of life so tragical as to make it stand forth as one of the most terrible examples of the inhu­ manity of submarine warfare as the commanders of German vessels are conducting it, ft unhappily does not stand alone. . ' "On the contrary, the government of the United States Is forced by recent events to conclude that It is only one im/tance, even though one of the most extreme and most distressing in­ stances, of the deliberate method and spirit of indiscriminate destruction of merchant vessels, of all sorts, nation­ alities and destinations, which have become more ani more unmistakable as the activity of German undersea vessels of war has In recent months been quickened and extended. "The imperial government will re­ call that when, In February, 1915, it announced its intention of treating the waters surrounding Great Britain and Ireland as embraced within the seat of war and of destroying all merchant ships owned by Its enemies that might be found within that zone of danger, and warned all vessels', neu­ tral as well as belligerent, to keep out of the waters thus proscribed or to enter them at their peri}, the gov­ ernment of the United States earnest­ ly protested. Peril Was Shown. "The government of the United States took the position that £uch a policy could not be pursued without constant gross and palpable violation of the accepted law of nations, partic­ ularly if submarine craft were to be employed as its instruments, inasmuch as the rules prescribed by that law, rules founded on the principles of hu­ manity and established for the protec­ tion of the lives of noncombatants at sea, could not in the nature of " the case be observed by such vessels. "It bssed its protest on the ground that persons of neutral nationality and vessels of neutral ownership would be exposed to extreme and intolerable risks; and that no right to close any part of the high seas could lawfully be asserted by the imperial govern­ ment in the circumstances then exist­ ing. "The law of nations in these mat­ ters, upon which the government of the United States based that protest, is not of recent origin or founded upon merely arbitrary principles set up by convention. It is based, on the con­ trary, upon manifest principles of hu­ manity, and has long been established with the approval and by the express assent of all civilized nations. Persists In Policy. "The imperial government, notwith­ standing, persisted in carrying out the policy announced, expressing the hope that the dangers involved, at any rate to neutral vessels, would be re­ duced to a minimum by the instruc­ tions which it issued to the command­ ers of its submarines, and assuring the government of the United States that it would take every possible pre­ caution both to respect the rights of neutrals and to safeguard the lives of noncombatants. "In pursuance of this policy of sub­ marine warfare against the commerce of its adversaries, thus announced and thus entered upon in despite of the solemn protest of the government of the United States, the commanders of the imperial government's undersea vessels have carried on practices of such ruthless destruction which have made it more and more evident as the months have gone by that the im­ perial government has found It im­ practicable to put any such restraint upon them as It had hoped and prom­ ised to put. "Again and again the imperial gov­ ernment has given its solemn assure ances to the government of the United States that at least passenger ships would not be thus dealt with, and yet it has repeatedly permitted its under­ sea commanders to disregard those as­ surances with entire impunity. "As recently as February last it gave notice that It would regard all armed merchantmen owned by its enemies as part of the armed forces of its adver­ saries and deal with them: as men of war, thus, at least by implication, pledging itself to give warning to ves­ sels which were not armed and to af­ ford security of life to their passen­ gers and crews; but even this limita­ tion their submarine commanders have recklessly Ignored. Neutral Vessels Sunk. "Vessels of neutral ownership, even vessels of neutral ownership bound from neutral port to neutral port, have been destroyed along with vessels of belligerent ownership in constantly in­ creasing number. Sometimes the mer­ chantmen attacked have been warned and summoned to surrender before be­ ing fired on or torpedoed; sometimes their passengers and crews have been vouchsafed the poor security of being allowed to take to the ship's boats be­ fore the ship was sent to the bottom. "But again and again no warning has been given, no escape even to the ship's boats allowed to those on board. "Great liners like the Lusitanla and Arabic and mere passenger boats like the Sussex have been attacked with- gratitude -he owes this faithful and tireless little friend for the sleepless, watchful hours it subjects Itself to in order that he may slumber in security t»nd conifort, and when it sings its merry morning lay I have seen him, instead of bestowing fond caresses, reach from his ^arm quilts, grasp It ruthlessly and slam It into the farth­ est and darkest corner of the room, crushing the dainty hands that seemed uplifted in an attitude of horror and protection, scornfully muttering such uncouth and unworthy reproaches as out a mofinenfs wammg, often before they have even become aware that they were in the presence of an armed fehip of the enemy, and the lives of noncombatants, passengers and crew have been destroyed wholesale, and in a manner which the government of the United States cannot but regard as wanton and without the slightest color of justification. "No limit of any kind has In fact been set to their indiscriminate pur­ suit and destruction of merchantmen of all kinds and nationalities within the waters which the imperial govern­ ment has chosen to designate as ly- lng within the Beat of war. American Toll Grows. "The roll of Americans who have lost their lives upon ships thus at­ tacked and destroyed has grown month by month until the ominous toll has mounted into the hundreds. "The government of the ̂ United States haB been very patient At every stage of this distressing experi­ ence of tragedy after tragedy it has sought to be governed by the most thoughtful consideration of the ex­ traordinary circumstances ef an un- precendented war and to be guided by sentiments of very genuine friendship for the people and government of Ger­ many.' 4 7 "It has accepted the successive ex­ planations and assurances of the im­ perial government as of course given in entire sincerity and good faith, and has hoped, even against hope, that it would prove to be possible for the im­ perial government so to order and con­ trol the acts of its naval command­ ers as to square its policy with the Recognized principles of humanity aa embodied in the law of nations. "It has made every allowance for unprecedented conditions and has been willing to wait until the facts became unmistakable and were sus­ ceptible of only one interpretation. "It now owes it to a just regard for its own rights to say to the imperial government that that time has come. It has become painfully evident to it that the position which it took at the very outset is inevitable, namely, the use of submarines for the destruction of an enemy's commerce, is, of neces­ sity, because of the character of the vessels employed and the very meth­ ods of attack which their employment of course involves, utterly incompat­ ible with the principles of humanity, 4|be long-established and incontrovert­ ible rights of neutrals and the saCred immunities of noncombatants, , But One Course Open. "If it is still the purpose of the Imperial government to prosecute re­ lentless and indiscriminate warfare against vessels of commerce by |h.e use of submarines without regard to what the government of the United States must consider the sacred and indisputable rules of international law and the universally recognized dictates of humanity, the government of the United States is at last forced to the conclusion that there is but one pourse it can pursue. J "Unless the imperial government should now Immediately declare and effect an abandonment of its present methods of submarine warfare against passenger and freight-carrying vessels, the government of the United States can have no choice but to sever dip­ lomatic .relations with the German em­ pire altogether. This action the gov­ ernment of the United States con­ templates with the greatest reluctance, but feels constrained to take in behalf of humanity and the rights of neutral nations. (Signed), "LANSING." Social 8tatus of Natives of Ceylon Can Jle Told by the Height o# Their Hair Ornament. Ceylon Is perhaps the only country III the world where men wear combs. It is the delight of the native males of the low country to wear their hair twisted into a roll at the back of the head, with a horseshoe-shaped tortoise- shell comb at tfce top. The women, .««cteiMly enoapb, do not affect this or- 8tevenson's Letters 3old. Admirers of Robert Louis Steven­ son noted today with Interest the pric«s paid for autograph letters of StevenBon in the Sale here of the col­ lection of letters owned by Mrs. Salis­ bury Field of Santa Barbara, Cal. Mrs. Field inherited the collection on the death of her mother, who was the author's wife. The top price of yes­ terday's sale was $250, which was paid for an unpublished letter to Ste­ venson's mother in 1881, in which he mentions that he was paid only $100 for his "Virginlbus Puerisque." The letter brought $150 more than the price paid for the original work. A letter to Stevenson's father, In which the author asserted that he was going to rewrite "Treasure Island," brought $225. The sum of $167.50 was paid for a letter to Stevenson's parents. In which the author wrote that he had been offered "a hundred pounds--a hundred jingling, tingling, golden- minted quid"--for "Treasure Island." --Pittsburgh Dispatch. "Smoke" From Mount Hood. The "smoke," so-called, that has been reported rising from the crater of Mount Hood, the extinct volcano of Oregon, is not smoke at all, according to F. D. Young of the United States weather bureau. Sometimes it is merely snow, blown iGrbm the cliffs in­ side the crater by a strong wind; sometimes it is clouds, drifting into the crater and transformed into an almost perpendicular column of va­ por by the rising air currents where the cliffs converge these, "D- that fclinkety-blank alarm clock, anyhow!" then return to his snoring.--Zim, in Cartoon Maga- •• />v ^.,7,:.. . !SP -*fc. WTse Suggestion. "Asphodelia Twobble says her tem­ perament is going to be the death of her yet" "She ought to take something for "What would yon suggest?" "A husband who won't stand for any foolishness." TAKE PRIDE IN THEIR COMBS. nament. It appears that one of the ' great ambitions of the Cingalese man of humble position is to possess and wear a huge comb of the finest luster and most perfect manufacture, and many indicate their higher social status by means of an additional comb, rising to a considerable height above their glossy coll. The artist in tortoise shell who makes these combs obtains his raw materials from the hawkbill turtle. The turtle Is killed and its carcass im­ mediately immersed in boiling water. Look and Feel Clean, Sweet andk*"i Fresh Every Day DHnk a flats of real hot watar jjKfofa breakfast to waah out poisons. . -y&A Ufa Is not merely to lire, but U> % live well, eat well, digest well, work well, sleep well, look well. What glorious condition to attain, and yefc how very easy it is if one will only adopt the morning inside bath. ' Folks who are accustomed to fest",' dull and heavy when they arise, split/. : ting headache, stuffy from a cold, fou| ,, , « tongue, nasty breath, acid stomach, can, instead, feel as fresh as a daisy by opening the sluices of the systen4;-' each morning and flushing out th%, iv,;) whole of the Internal poisonous stag** nant matter. Everyone, whether ailing, fiick o^ ^ well, should, each morning, befori I'Z breakfast, drink a glass of real hot water with a teaspoonful of limestona phosphate in it to wash from th#« , stomach/ liver, kidneys and bowels tha" previous day's indigestible waste, soup | bile and poisonous toxins; thus clean*' lng, sweetening and purifying the en?. tire alimentary tract before putting more food into the stomach. The ac> 'V tion of hot water and limestone phosiS^*^ phate on an empty stomach is wonden»v- » i fully Invigorating. It cleans out all thf ; s • sour fermentations, gases, Waste an^.Jf acidity and gives one a splendid apv*^ v? petite for breakfast. While you ar* enjoying your breakfast the water ancf phosphate Is quietly extracting a larg* volume of water from the blood and getting ready for a thorough flushing of all the inside organs. ** The millions of people who are both­ ered with constipation, bilious spells, stomach trouble, rheumatism; othert who have sallow skins, blood disort»^ ders and sickly complexions are urge# A to get a quarter pound of limeston# phosphate from any store that handle# * drugs which will cost very little, but is sufficient to make anyone a pro­ nounced crank on the subject of liv ternal sanitation.--Adv. Strong of Mustard, "What is this thing you're giving me?" asked the man at the railroa$ restaurant, making a wry face. "A sandwich, of course. What did you think it was?" asked the cross- looking blonde. "I thought it was a mustard plas­ ter." •J3V:V^ .v> ' • - • . - ft 5*- i.ilivi-. "i&rfiuL.1.. *.L. The plates, when separated from the bony part of the animal, are Very ir­ regular in form. Being brittle, thej require caret J! manipulation, especial­ ly as a high temperature, which would soften them, tends to darken and cloui the shell. They are therefore treated at as low a heat as Is possible for thf work. Thickness is obtained by soft, ening several plates and then applying pressure, when a union ot thm surfaces takes place. Under heat tha thell also is molded into variola sftifloiaJ forma ^ Important to Mothara . Examine carefully every bottle O& ? CASTORIA, a safe and sure remedy foi^ infants and children, Mid see that i| Bears the Signature of In Use for Over 30 Years. Children Cry for Fletcher's Gaatoriti -- - So He Geta Around. "Why do you lace so tight when Clinton comes around?" "Oh! the poor fellow's arm ift. short" SPEAKS UP FOB EANUH And No Wonder--Renting Land He Made $8.50 Per Acre. Hff So many Americans now have pel* aonal knowledge of Canada that falsa reports concerning this country ara being continually corrected by Amer­ icans themselves who know the facts*' and who are too fair-minded to let a false statement go unchallenged. • case in point arises out of a statement supposed to be made by a resident of Alberta, and published recently in tba Spokesman-Review, of Spokane, in which the condition of settlers in this country was painted in a very bad way indeed. Th© writer of this at­ tack on Canada refused to let hia name be known, so it can be taken for what it is worth, but Mr. S. L. Wallace, of N 4723 Crestline, Spokane, who lived for some years in Western Canada, came to the defense of tha' country in the following letter which was published in the Spokesman-Re­ view of February 11, 1916;-- "To the Editor of the Spo"kesman-Ra> , view: "In Sunday's Spokesman-Review vu a letter from a man in Alberta to tha chamber of commerce, asking that something be done to keep Americana from going to Canada, and saying that that government was run by the rail­ roads, banks and manufacturers; that once a man got th$re he never could get' away. Had this man published that letter over his own signature there is no doubt but he eould get out of Canada. No country will do as much to help a man to get on his feet, if he tries to help himself, as Canada. I know of the government helping people to pro* visions, feed, seed grain and fuel, and charging only cqst of delivery to the nearest town and 6 per cent. What more could a man ask? I lived five years in Southern Sas­ katchewan and earned a patent to 320 acres of as good land as I ever saw. I Ifc&vc raised oyer £0 bushels of oat#" on sod, 40 bushels of wheat, and 2(f of flax to the acre. Until I lost mj*^ health I never was better satisfied any­ where. I had my land rented this last year for one-third. - It brought me al­ most $8.50 per acre, or $l,l43.fl for 139 acrea. , This man says he loves the land his fathers died for. So do I, and I lova the land that gave me my home. "S. L. WAIXACE.' N4723 Crestline, Spokane.--Advc •'•*#'"'1).' ; The Trouble.; "Those soidiera don't look It's' a fake film." "No, it is not. The soldle soldiers. Not being versed of course they don't took nal It's a poor brand of rel doesnt cause a man to try Balghbors decently. <