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«%* w. Ji-, „ tt -<t-s ©ft# 9 New State Executive Delivery His inaugural Address* pm¥: W-t'-i HE URGES VARIOUS REFORMS P**: s&iV: F fidget System and Consolidation of Administrative Agencies - Among •-if|be Changes Advocated Need * j of a New Constitution. Springfield, Jan. 8.--Increased effl- ciency in the state government was the keynote of the inaugural address of - /. **• i ^Jov- Frank O. Lowden, delivered be- fore the Fiftieth general assembly to- da?* After touching on the pledges in the*Republican state platform, the gov- ernor took upth4 pressing needs of the • state as he sees them, speaking in part *>, \-l\ ' as follows: ^•V Our present method of approprla- • „ tions j8 a vicious one. The head of « ; "rK- < each office, board, or commission pre- • ' I • pares his own estimate of appropria- tions. His responsibility "It limited * an<3 his outlook is narrow. He is not ^ $ required to see beyond his own depart- 'hXf •«i- ment, which he is ambitious to ex- tend.' He is not likely.to be sparing In his requests. He very often asks for more than enough and he usually gets it His estimate Is made with­ out reference to the necessities of other departments and without reference to the Income of the state. > estimate is referred "'to; the ap^ propriatlons committee, which grants ."s?: ' a hearing. That committee is without -r the time, means, or opportunity for >f^ y • , * adequate Investigation. It exercises .t,C ^ Its best Judgment, but it must, of ne­ cessity, usually take the estimate of the officer, and generally passes his ap- . proprlatlon, which may be too much . as compared with the necessities of other departments or with the Income of the state. I am in favor of a budget system. The system means Intelligent state­ wide planning. It calls for the crea­ tion of a finance department of the state government. The head of this department should have the power to establish a uniform system .of book- ~ keeping and to inquire into the neces­ sary expenses of every agency of the state. He should be required to elim­ inate waste and extravagance and du­ plication of expense. Then a budget could be prepared and the governor i'w could submit to the general assembly tr%t; ^ , ' m jgjjT ^ not merely the estimates of the dlffer- ent departments, but those estimates after they had been reduced to the irre­ ducible minimum. He would thus be able, for the first time since the adop- jgp Hon of our present constitution, to comply with the constitutional man­ date that he shall "at the commence- & .fe, -* •? , ^ ment of each regular session, present estimates of the amount of money re­ quired to be raised by taxation for all purposes." . t,: Consolidation of Agencies. :j0tie of our gravest problems is the constantly increasing cost of govern­ ment. This fact is causing thoughtful citizens to pause and reflect They Are beginning to ask themselves the reason for this rapid increase. Administrative agencies have been ixnultiplied in bewildering confusion. They have been created without refer- v. ence to their ability, economically and effectively, to administer the laws. Separate boards govern the peniten- J*j tiarie8, the reformatories, and the edu­ cational Institutions. Several boards and commissions have charge of mat­ ters affecting the agricultural interests. Administration of laws affecting labor is parceled out among numerous agencies, including several boards hav­ ing jurisdiction of mining problems and several free employment agencies, each independent of the other. Out; finance administration Is chaotic, illogical and oonfused. The administration of the health laws is divided between board3 and commissions, with no effective means of co-ordination. Our eduea tlonal agencies are not harmonious. One of the imperative needs of the •state Is the consolidation of its mul­ tiplied agencies into a few principal departments. The governor is held responsible for the conduct of the state government His executive functions should he discharged through a limited number of agencies over which he may , \ exercise actual control. Under the present system of confusing perplex- V- Ity, the governor cannot exercise the ,v* supervision and control which the peo- P'e have a right to demand, r ; Efficiency in administration is de- ̂ pendent not only upon the res pon Sibil- •p? ~-wr-~ ^ yt 1, ! >*V,, ^ ; r < '^r jl^*', ' yr •i <--:v .c * Ity of public officials, but upon a hlgh- ly trained and capable force <£ em- ployees in harmony with the princi- : Ples of efficiency. It Is essential, there- fore, thut the civil service law should be atrengthened and extended. Constitutional Convention. The time has come for a new state constitution. The constitutions framed since the Civil war, including our own, have not been limited to those things p which properly constitute the funda- '*: mental law of the state, but have con­ tained many matters which are prop­ erly the subject of legislation. Their framers sought to take power from the legislatures and to legislate, them­ selves, through the constitutions. They labored under the delusion that they could shackle the legislator's power for evil and still give his virtue full play. In this they were wrong, as we ndw plainly see. To withhold neces­ sary power from a public official be­ cause lie may abuse It Is to confess m our form of government tJon always depends upon ex- conditkms, and-wmditlons cfmnge. A constitution which se^ks to legislate will inevitably be outgrown. This Is our situation today. There are many changes needed In our organic law, but I shall not take time to enumerate them. There is, how­ ever, one subject to which I want particularly to call your attention. Stu­ dents of our government have grad­ ually come to the view that we must have fewer elective offices, if democracy is to be made workable and efficiency attained. Diffusion of power does not safeguard against official abuse, as was once thought but only disguises it Responsibility must be concentrated so that the peoplfe may know who it Is to blame if that responsibility is #ot met but, the short ballot Is Im­ possible under our present constitu­ tion. Conservation of Resource*. One of the great movements of our time is the movement for the conservation of our natural re­ sources. A young nation, with the virility of yotith, we have lived until recently as jtvas natural, In the pres­ ent. We have gone on as If the world Were coming t% an epd when we were dead. Now we are getting a better perspective. * " The conservation movement, as was natural, was at first most conspicu­ ously identified with the conservation of our forests and our water power. But It must extend beyond the for­ ests and water power. It must more immediately concern itself with the conservation oi the soil, for even our brief history tolls us that fertile fields may become abandoned farms through other causes than lack of rainfall. The Mississippi valley has been called the granary of the world, but If our agriculture in the future shall be jio better than during the past it Is but a question of tyne when the Missis­ sippi valley will be dotted with aban­ doned farms. The raising of live stock seems nec­ essary If we are to preserve the fertility qt the soil. We should fos­ ter this Industry in every way we can. We should encourage co-ODeratlve Gov. Frank O. Lowden. farming. Wherever you find agricul­ ture in its highest state, you find that co-operation has made Its greatest advance. I have spoken before *of the group­ ing of the agencies of the state Into departments. A department of agri­ culture thus created, with a compe­ tent and practical man at its head, would be of incalculable benefit to the tillers of the jsoll. It could keep in vital touch with the farms ef the state and in every way would make for a better agriculture. Welfare of Industrial WorKers. One of the subjects which must en­ gage our constant attention is the well- being of those men and women em­ ployed in industrial pursuits. The true test of a country's greatness Is the lot in life of the average men and women--the men and women of the shop, of the factory, and of the farm. These are they who carry on the work of civilization, and a nation is strong in proportion to their weil:belng. Whatever permanently improves their lot in life is best for all and best for the state. In industrial occupations the loss of life or limb, or Other personal injury of the'employed should be regarded as a factor In the cost of production. Compensation for such loss or injury should be borne by the industry and not by the individual. Workingmen's compensation laws are therefore based upon sound principle. Even more im­ portant is it that the workingman should work under such conditions as to reduce the danger of Injury to the minimum. And the likelihood of such injury will be greatly lessened by a rigid and efficient administration of our factory and Inspection laws. Such an administration will be greatly strengthened by the establishment of a department of labor, with a trained and competent man at its head." .The legal limitation of the hours of labor for women engaged in industrial pursuits is for the best interests of society as a whole. No state is worthy of respect if its chief care Is not the quality of succeeding generations. What the men and women of the next generation will be depends upon what the mothers of this generation are. The state, therefore, is vitally Interest­ ed in requiring that our women shall not work under such conditions, or during such part of the day, as to Im­ pair their vitality or prevent them from becoming the mothers of a hardy race. The defectives of society found in ILPHIN IS PET OF SAILORS Believed to Be Only Specimen of Flf*> , Ity Tribe Under Special Protec- ; * tlon of a Legialature. . , n i • .v , - f r 1, Steamship officers who have been \ years engaged In the New Zealand ^ trade and voyaging constantly through * what Is known as French pass, be­ tween Wellington and Nelson, are Just now bringing home regretful storie* of the expected pe*sing of a giant Ailnhln Irnnnm fm r anH | • - Wi k\, -4, : V - seafaring men as "Pelorus Jack." Old Jack is perhaps the only member of the finny tribe ever to be protected by a special act For a period ,of 30 years the veteran of the deep. 14 feet In length and bluish white In color, has made It his particular business to pilot steamers through the pass, keeping al­ ways just ahead of the vessel's prow. His back is still marked with the scar made by a bullet fired at him from a steam yacht in 1004. The act was looked upon as an outrage and the gov- our state institutions--the* tna*M, the feeble-minded, the epileptie, the moral­ ly defective, the habitual criminal, are entitled to humane treatment. But this is not all. Society should also concern itself with the means for the prevention of further defectives^ laboratories and clinics have been founded in Germany and in other* states for the study of the causes of these various afflictions. The munici­ pal court of Chicago has done exceed­ ingly valuable work along the same lines. We should pursue these Inves­ tigations further. Such Investigations should be considered a vital part of any scheme for handling our defec­ tives. From these investigations we can deduce the most advantageous methods both for caring for our defec­ tives and for diminishing their .num­ ber for the future. Their number Is now constantly increasing In propor­ tion to our entire population. t If this Increase Is permitted to continue in­ definitely, i| will be only a question of time when the effectives of society will be no longer able to bear the bur­ dens of caring for the defectives, and civilization will lapse. Social justice does not consider alone the defectives and incompetents of so­ ciety. It recognizes that after all, the business of civilization is carried for­ ward by the great mass of independ­ ent, self-respecting citizens who ask no direct aid from the government A paternalism which considers only the weaker members of society, to such an extent as to impair the rugged inde­ pendence of these men and women, would ultimately defeat its own ends. Reduce Number of Elections. The number and frequency of our elections should be reduced. Elections have been multiplied and our election machinery is cumbersome and compli­ cated. The burden of expense which elections impose is becoming unbear­ able. But this Is not the most import tant consideration. The lengthening of the ballot and the Increasing fre­ quency of elections are tending to de­ feat the very purpose of democracy, They have caused interest in public affairs to flag. The stay-at-home vote is becoming ominous. The ballot has been cheapened. Decrease the number of elections, and public Interest will be quickened. Enfranchisement of Absent Voter*. . In the revision of otkr election laws, one subject should not be overlooked. Under our present laws, the etector must be present in person on registra­ tion and election days. Vast armies of commercial travelers, railway men, and business men are required by the necessities of their business, on regis­ tration and election days to be absent from their homes. Virtually, this large number of Intelligent and progressive citizens is disfranchised. Some means should be divised, if practicable, to remedy this condition. It has been done In other states. In framing this legislation, care must, be exercised to prevent fraud. Equal Suffrage. Under the decision of our courts, the legislature may extend snffrage to women only for offices created by statute. The present law upon the subject does not embrace all of th€ elective statutory offices. It should be extended to all such offices. It is an anomaly In our state that women should have the right to vote for presidential electors and not have the right to vote for offices created by our state constitution. This anomaly, however, can be removed only by * change in the constitution.. v Good Roads,i ' Good roads are a good Investment but a comprehensive system of good roads must wait for a generation, un­ less bonds are issued to defray the cost Motor vehicles are rapidly sup­ planting horse-drawn vehicles. When good roads have become the rule, and not the exception as now, auto truckf will likely take the place of horses and wagpns In the transportation of the products of the farm. With good roads, the upkeep and maintenance of motot vehicles would be largely reduced. The license fees now paid are only a trifling percentage of the cost of operation. If good roads were assured, the owners of motor vehicles could pay a much larg­ er license fee and still be the gainers. I believe It Is possible to work out some plan by which the principal and interest of a bond issue sufficient for this purpose could be largely paid from the receipts of such license fees. Supervision of Private Banks. There is an urgent demand for the supervision of private banks. Indeed, it is difficult to understand why this demand should have been denied so long. The right to conduct a bank has always been regarded as a privilege; It imposes a high duty upon him who ex­ ercises the privilege. All other kinds of business In which the element of trust Is so large a factor were long since brought under state supervision. There is no reason why corporations exercising this privilege should be sub­ ject to supervision by the state, and not the individual. It is time that this exception to all the sound rules of gov­ ernment supervision should be wiped out We have declared for the control by Chicago of Its own local public utili­ ties. Just how this control should be worked out is a problem peculiarly resting upon the people of Chicago. The great metropolises of the world become In. a large measure political units. The public utilities of such cities relate themselves to the business of the people, to their well-being at home, to their recreation, and, In fact are closely interwoven with their dally life. The question, therefore, of the control of the public utilities of Chi­ cago principally affects the people of Chicago, and they should have the right of control of such utilities. The form that such control shall take will uot answer the need unless It shall be satisfactory to the people of Chicago. a special order-ln-councll for the dol­ phin's permanent protection. Advanc­ ing years are said to be weighing heav­ ily on the finny pilot and he has trou­ ble In keeping ahead of the bow wave. So that now he spends much of his leisure In "dry dock" along the bank at the entrance to French pass, re­ spected and protected, as all fisher­ men know him personally: a ICS PEACE POU 8ENATC INDORSE8 PRESIOENT WILSON'S REQUEST FOR . TERMS. VOTE ON RESOLUTION 48 T017 la some quarters It is held that Rus­ sia 1* the greatest single field Hi the Senator Lewis, Speaking In Support of Wilson, Declared the United States Will Enter the War If the Conflict Continues. Washington, Jan. 8.--Senator Jones' substitute for the Hitchcock resolution indorsing President Wilson's peace note, which approves the request for peace terms without indorsing the note itself, was passed on Friday by the senate. The vote was 48 to 17. Progressive Republican senators voted solidly with the Democrats for the substitute. Speaking in the senate in support of the Hitchcock resolution to indorse President Wilson's peace note. Senator Lewts <Dem.) of Illinois asserted that the European war could not continue without the United States becoming Involved In it Senator Lewis said that the temper of the American people would brook no apology or excuse for further de­ struction of American life, but "would resent and punish to the full extent of America's power." "The very debate in opposition to this resolution," Senator Lewis said, "has done more injury to the cause of peace to which President Wilson has sought to give Impulse and force than any other form of opposition that has arisen from any other source in all the United States. "The opposition to this resolution also will be construed abroad as an Indication on the part of this body as an expression of such partiality for one belligerent against the others that we are content to continue the war merely for the object that it would beat down to destruction one of those belligerents and exalt the other to ex­ ultant victory. NEWS OF ILLINOIS NAME TUMULTY IN 'LEAK' CASE Congressman Wood Also . involves President's BrotheMn-Law-r-Secro- tary and Others Deny Charge. Washington, Jan. 8.--Smoldering ru­ mors that somebody made money In the stock market with "leak" Informa­ tion about the sending of President Wilson's peace note blazed up at a sensational session of the house rules committee on Friday, when its first hearing on Representative Wood's res­ olution for investigation was held. Specifically declaring he made charges against no one and was presenting ^only Information that had come to him. Wood brought in the names of Sec­ retary Tumulty, "Mr, Boiling," a broth­ er of President Wilson's wife; Ber­ nard Baruch, a New York stock opera­ tor; Otto H. Kahn of Kuhn, Loeb 4 Co.; Thomson & McKlnnon, Chicago brokers; Lamson Brothers ft Co., Chi­ cago brokKs; W. El F. Hutton & Co., New York brokers; F. A. Connolly & Co., a Washington brokerage house in which Wood said "Mr. Boiling" was a partner. Wood disclaimed intending to give the Impression that he believed Mr. Tumulty or anyone else, for that mat­ ter, profited from the so-called leak. All the persons named at the hear­ ing denied knowledge of the presi­ dent's peace note until it was pub­ lished. HURLEY QUITS TRADE BOARD Chairman of- Federal Commission Un­ expectedly Resigns, to Resume Business ki Chicago. ̂ Washington, Jan. 6.--Edward M. Hurley of Chicago, chairman of the federal trade commission, unexpected ly resigned to resume business in Chi cago. He had a personal conference on Thursday with President Wilson, and his resignation was accepted. Mr. Hurley's resignation wttl take effect February 1. ASKS RECALL OF MINISTER Qertnany Asks U. 8. to Remove C. 4. Vopicka. Arrwrican Representa­ tive at Bucharest. Washington. Jan. 6.--Germany has asked the United States to remove Charles J. Vopicka, American minis­ ter to Roumanla, stationed at Buca- resL Stone, Peoria Postmaster. Washington, Jan. 5.--Congressman Claudius U. Stone, Democrat, who was defeated for re-election last Novem­ ber In the Sixteenth Illinois district la to be appointed by President Wilson as postmaster of Peoria, 111. The ap­ pointment and confirmation will not come. It Is said, until Just before the death of the present house of repre­ sentatives on March 8. Big Flood Loss in Kentucky. Louisville, Ky.. Jan. 9.--Thousands of doltirs* damage has already result­ ed from floods in several Kentucky streams and in parts of southeastern Kentucky railroad traffic has been sus­ pended. Woman Killed by Blast Stamford, N. Y., Jan. 9--Mrs. J. F: Bolton was killed and three other per­ sons were Injured when a gas explo­ sion wrecked the beautiful country home of the Boltons here on Saturday afternoon. One Dead, Two Injured at Dm Chippeva Falls, Wis., Jan. 8.--One workman was killed and two others fatally Injured at Walssota dam when a 225-foot trestle, 20 feet above the river, collapsed and precipitated an engine aqj* nine pars Into the rivet; 4 f c i r . . " sk* S-tk 2... ,4,4c,. 18s •*. J'.?,?' Purity Convention Called. La Crosse. Wis., Jan. 8.--1 Steadwell. president *of the World's Purity federation, hns issued a call for the tenth International purity con­ gress, to be held in Louisville, Ky, l | ^ r « a B h « c • . a . - ' . n •'» % i Illinois Regiments First Springfield.--The fifth and Sixth Il­ linois inf-.ntry regiments, the two or­ ganizations which remained at home when troops were called to the bor­ der, will be the first Illinois regiments accorded federal recognition as Na­ tional Guard troops, war department officials say. In response to orders of ^he war department at Washington tO all National Guard organizations not on the border requiring individual Guardsmen to take the dual oath pre­ scribed by the national defense act and sign the new six-year enlistment contract, the commai ling officers of the Fifth and Sixth regiments have re­ ported that their organizations have practically completed their transfor­ mation from organized militia, into; National Guard. Decatur.--Mrs. d S. catur, was informed by a letter from an aunt, Mrs. ML J. Wright Indianapolis, that she is to share in an estate worth $75,000,000 and ac­ crued interest and rental of $78,000,- 000. The estate was left In trust for years by Mrs. Needhain's great- grandfather, Mlchener Tucker. It con­ sists of Pennsylvania oil and anthra­ cite lands. How many children Mlchener Tucker had Is not known. If Michener Tucker, Jr., Mrs. Need- ham's grandfather, was an only child, Mrs. Needham will receive one twenty- fifth of the sumf, or about $6,000,000. Mrs. Wright will receive one-fifth and Mrs. Sarah fjottshall, Chicago, sister, will receive another fifth. Melvln Castle and Mrs. J. M. Elliott Logans- poijt Ind.; brother and sister of Mrs. Needham, will receive like shares. Two other brothers are dead and their shares will go to children. Mrs. Neol- ham is the wife of a hardware mer­ chant here. Chicago.--Among others who may be elated at the results of a 1916 Invoice Is Dan Cupid, more than 84,000 mar­ riage licenses last year. This informa­ tion was given out by Louis Legner, chief marriage license clerk. The largest number of licenses ever issued in one year in Cook county was made out in 1913, when more than 35,- 000 were written. The smallest num­ ber was In 1902, when only 20,011 cou­ ples got permits to wed. The year's licenses will put ntyre than $51,000 in the county treasury, the fee for a li­ cense being $1.50. No effect was made by the inarrihge license clerk to learn how many women bad taken advan­ tage of leap year and "popped the question" In 1916. Chicago.--A peculiar little knob on the end of his nose that earned for him the name "Pickles," sent James KH- roy, gentleman burglar, back to the Joliet penitentiary. "Pickles" broke his parole several years ago and, accord­ ing to the police, Is wanted at Han Quentin prison, California. Detective Sergeant O'Brien remembered that funny knob and arrested Kllroy here. Kockford.---The first baby born here In 1917 will be a lucky Infant. A local newspaper will give the parents $5, two banks have agreed to start savings ac­ counts with $1 each, Jewelers, shoe dealers, dry goods stores and bakeries all have promised contributions, and a motion picture company has agreed to make a film of the child as soon as the parents desire it Shelbyville.--The First National and Citizens' National banks got behind the dairy cow product Jnst being launched by the Shelby County Soil a%d Live Stock Improvement asso­ ciation, by which dairy stock Is to be shipped In from Wisconsin and sold to farmers or sons of farmers who desire to get a start In the dairying business. Springfield.--Mary Barnett of Mc­ Lean county started the new year by filing a voluntary petition in bank­ ruptcy. Liabilities listed Include $18,- 074.26, of which the greater amount consists of notes in banks. The as­ sets are listed at $210. She gave her occupation as housewife, the first pe­ tition of this kind filed here. Springfield.--A deal that may mean several new coal mines for central Illi­ nois was consummated when all hold­ ings of the Capital Coal Mining com­ pany were transferred to the Spring­ field District Coal company for a con­ sideration of $235,283. The transfer Includes the Capital mine, one of the largest In the state. Galesburg.--Miss Inez Cederoth won a silver medal by attending the Swedish Baptist Sunday school 572 times without a singfe absence. Paris.--Seventeen thousand dollars willed to J. B. Wallage by his mother remains unclaimed. He left here elev­ en years ago. Belvldere.--The South Baptist hBB called Rev. H. W. Reed of Rock Island tb become its pastor. It is believed be will accept Kewanee.--The State bank of Galva has been purchased by L. M. Yocum & Co., a long-establlsiu$ banking con­ cern of Galva. Danville.--The program of the Illi­ nois State Dairymen's association meeting which will be held January 30 to February t. was Issued. Governor- elect Lowden will speak. Vandalla--Miss Virginia Farmer, eldest daughter of Justice W. M. Farmer of the supreme court and Charles R. Schulte, an attorney of St Maries, Idaho, were married here. East St. Louis.--James M. Arties, captain of fire engine company No. 4, has issued a gOlde to East St Louis, containing all the things of interest which any visitor might desire to know concerning the city. Springfield.--The sentence of Dr. Haldane' Ciemenson of Chicago, con­ victed of murdering his wife in No­ vember, 1909, and given a life sen­ tence, was commuted by Governor Dunne to 25 years' imprisonment. The commutation will give Doctor Clemen- sun his release under the good-time htw In February, 1923. Bloomlngton.---Charged with failure to deliver mail, Isaac W. Ives, veteran rural free delivery farrier, was arrest­ ed. A postal Inspector found a large quantity of mall hidden In a bam. some of which had befen on hand thany years. TEUTONS HAIL 6ERARD AS PMCP JKIVE AT BANQUET HEM} IN BERLIN.' 1 n Physicians Are Beginning to Bfijevf Mors and More in the Good Effoets of Sweet Strains. PRAISrjNLSON ANB KAISER ' - V MUSIC WILL HELP INVALID American Ambasasdor Eulogized by Vice Chancellor Helfferich for His Lao re in Maintaining Friendly, Re­ lations of the Two Countries. Berlin (by wireless), Jan. 9.--The dinner given on Saturday night by the American Association of Commerce and Trade of Berlin in honor of James W. Gerard, the Ambasasdor to Ger­ many, who has just returned to the German capital from a visit to the United States, developed, and appar­ ent with intention, into a demonstra­ tion of the good feeling entertained in the higher government circles and banking and business spheres toward the United States. The guests Included three ministers, two former ministers, the vice presi­ dent of the re-lchstag, the heads of Germany's big financial institutions and other leaders in German public life. David Wolf, president of the Ameri­ can association, who presided* was flanked on the right by Ambassador Gerard and on the left by Reinhold Sydow, Prussian minister of com­ merce. In all, 1?5 guests, about equal­ ly divided between Americans and Germans, were present The toasts to Emperor William and President Wilson were drunk stands Ing. President Wolf introduced the principal speakers of the evening. Vice Chancellor Helfferich, Director von Gwlnner and Mr. Gerard. The ambassador's speech was infor­ mal and avottled touching contentious topics, but he mentioned the large con­ tributions now being received from America for the relief of German widows and orphans and for other nonpartisan works of mercy. Arthur von dwlnner, director of the Deutsch .bank, too, did not speak from manuscript, but Doctor Helfferich, speaking as the representative of Chancellor von Betlmiann-Hollweg, de­ livered a set address, which was fol­ lowed with the closest attention.by the guests. In all the speeches the cordial rela­ tionships existing between tye gov­ ernments of the United States and Germany were emphasized, says the Overseas News agency. Ambassador Gerard, who was lik­ ened by Director von Gwinner to the peace dove of Noah's ark," Is quoted by the Overseas News agency as say­ ing that "never since the beginning of the war have relations between Ger- mony and the United States been so cordial," and that he had "brought back an olive branch" from President Wilson.' Vice Chancellor Helfferich said he was pleased to know that Ambassador Gerard has visited the United States, "where he had opportunity of de­ scribing the real state of affairs in Germany," and Foreign Minister Zim­ merman declar«|l he "felt sure the frlnedly and trustful relation be­ tween both countries as enunciated by Mr. Gerard will continue." A telegram expressing the "slncerest wishes" of the association 'in this crucial tiine" was sent to President Wllsou, and another message for­ warded to Bmperor William. ;^ SUBMARINE MAKES BIG RAID German U-Boat Sinks 11 Ships in Bay of Biscay--Enemy Transport Tor- pedoed in Mediterranean. Berlin, Jan. 9, by wireless.--An ad­ miralty statement published on Sun­ day In connection with the annpunce- ment of the safe return of the German submarine U-46, which had been re­ ported san In the Bay of Biscay,, says that a German submarine, number not given, has sunk 11 entente steamers In 11 days. Of this number five vessels, totaling 15,000 tons, were laden with coal and bound for France and Italy. "One of our submarines," says a sec­ ond official statement Issued by the German admiralty, "torpedoed and sank December 23 in the eastern Medi­ terranean an enemy transport of more than 5,000 tons. The vessel was ac­ companied by warships." ASKS RECALL OF U. S. TROOPS Carranca Declares It Impossible for mm to Ratify Protocol UagU •, $ j,' Question Settled. Queretaro, Jan. 9.--General Carran- za has sent a message to the Mexican commissioners attending the Mexican American conference informing them it was impossible for him to ratify the proposed protocol, as It limited the conditions regarding the withdrawal of American troops from Mexico. Otub Names Hughes as Head. Ke'tir York, Jan. 9.--The nominating committee of the Union League club hus posted the name of Charles E. Hughes as Its choice for the presiden­ cy of the organisation, to succeed Elihu Root Marquette, Mich., Hit Big Fir*. Marquette, Mich., Jan. --Fire threatened the business district and caused a loss estimated at more than $200,000. The blase destroyed seven stores and an office building. The Frel block was burned. Dufijjp the thirteenth eehtury, whetj the Aratys dominated a large portion of Europe and were "carrying the torch of learning" through that period, they established great hospitals for the treatment of all kinds of ailments. • striking feature of «ome of these hospitals was a miwic room, where musicians played continuously through-' out the 24 hours for the benefit of the patients. The Arab physiciang of that day believed that music had a very positive therapeutic effect Recently an analysis of the effects of various types of music has beea made by Dr. Thomas J. Mays, which may be epitomized as follows: Ma­ jor music is a tonic to the emotion** which may be compared to a stimulant dose of strychnine or quinine, while minor music depresses emotional ac­ tivity in a manner comparable to bro­ mide or a sleeping potion. The ap- «; parent objections to this theory are easily met; and Doctor Maya believe# that music as an agent in the treat­ ment of consumption has probably a stronger claim on the scientific atten­ tion of the medical profession than.* many of the remedies thai are in ns«" at the present time. Keeping in mind the undercurrent of tribulation and oppression that is nearly always pres­ ent in the minds of those suffering from consumption. It would seem prob­ able that by far the larger number of cases would receive benefit from vari­ ous forms of major music. And the same would be true of any form of chronic disease. For stages of high mental oi* nerv­ ous tension, minor music Is Indicated. And In this connection it is significant that music has been one of the thera­ peutic measures used In all our great Insane asylums for more than a gener­ ation. $ontesta Gardner Election. Jelrerson City, Mo., Jan. 8.--A peti­ tion contesting the election of Freder* Ick D. Gardner. Democrat, as governor of Missouri was presented 4o the joint session of the legislature by Senator A. K* L. Gardner, Republican. / • Fire at-Joilet Prison. ' / Chtcago, Jan. 8.--Fire which' iirted In a chair factory of the Illinois state penitentiary threatened to destroy the entire prison. Convicts and officers succeeded in confining the ire to one ^qildlnf. Mohammedan Law Barred. a 1/ Mohammedan law does not ran la . England was decided by the lord chief ;J| justice recently. Doctor Mir-Auwa- ^ ruddln, a Mohammedan, and a member of the English bar, married in 1913, an ' '% English lady named Ruby Hood. Jfter ' = some time they separated, and the Tady lived apart from her husband. The latter then began proceedings and ob- i tained an order lor restitution or con­ jugal rights, but this was not complied. % with, and proceedings for divorce were then begun by the wife, but were dia- ( ^ s missed. Now, according to Mohamme- ;Vv' dan law, if the husband gives his wife a "writing of divorcement" or as it ia : called "Talak," this constitutes a dl- vorce. Mlr-Auwarudding did this and then applied for a marriage license to * J| enable him to marry again. This was ' refused, and the lord chief Justice alt- ||| ting with Justices Darling and Bray,, < upheld the refusal o»» the ground} that ^ as the applicant was married in land under the English law, to an 11 sh lady, the original marriage held good, and must be dissolved In an Eng­ lish court of law. The religious law of the applicant was not recognised. Effect of Auto on Agriculture. Every time an automobile displace! a horse five acres of land are added to the agricultural area of the country. Among the economic Influences of tbo motor car, this Is one phase that !• commonly overlooked. There about 26,000,000 horses In the tfhltaA States and each horse consumes six to seven tons of food a year. It Is easlljr figured that an average of five acre* la required to furnish food for each horse. This means a total of latMWOi- 000 acres of laud devoted to paatUMO and raising hay--over 200,000 Sqnaro miles. This means land nearly live tflea as big as Ohio, or an area larger than Ohio, Indiana, nilnois and Iowa. dfr' vm voted to feeding horses instead pie. Of course, the "releasing this area from pasture uses and lng it available for the support of ulation will be a tremendous •3 - IjhLM The Real HardaW|k Some men were excaVating for lar In Columbus and the ground wa» hard where they were working. They had a team of mules hitched to a plow and one man handled the reins while another swung on the plow handles and tried to guide. The afternoon wis hot, the mules were lazy, the grovftA. 8eemed to get harder and harder, and the men tolled away, Inwardly boil- lug. • - .. "That ground'a pretty hard." *•*>• gested a passer. . The man at the plow handles glanced at the driver. The latter seemed about to explode because of too much pentup emotion. He nodded |p the driver's direction. •That ain't the worse part of it" ho explained. "You see there are so many women sitting on these porches around here that he can't ctMS:. hto< mules."--Indianapolis News. vjj Keeping Sheep Warns. Through the ingenuity of certain ranchers In the state of Washington •* their sheep were kept warm dSMMB ^ the Intensely cold weather of last year by a most unusual device. A. supply of natural gaS on the landl where the sheep grazed had been pipe* and the gas issued from it at high* \ pressure. The ranchmeu In the vi- ^ cinity devised a metal hood which they : fastened over the upper end of the pipe. When the gas was lighted and r " allowed to flow freely it made a cir­ cular canopy of flame which heated the» air for a considerable area. In this warmed region the sheep gathered and were kept warm In weather that would otherwise have proved : ~ : -- Prehistoric Germs. y Tn these days, when disease iaK crobes are so# much discussed, it is hard to realise that disease gems have been on thla eaith for mllltoss of years. The fact of their lo»f » latence isn't mere theory, for cettsftft minute forms discovered In "" stone formation prove eonciaMiVjft? that bacteria lived and thwritM prehistoric times. These bacteria show many of the latics common ts ov frreotlstb<*a* j I tnry germ. ** • 5~- ** ' jV*.