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S* «• C- •?!P^lrr j>4 • \."9^ : .^V-. •• THE Mdffl^RY FLAIlfDEAIiKR, BfeHENXtY. ILl| ^ «•--••,., < A G£KJM/r o3J£xmr/a* sAJUoav gv/AG UP PASSING OF A HERO w - / |\ JxvY ,v : F • „ ' ' *- • • '&C v' x ' , / ; ^-:'~C.".' * '•- . l-L Arizona, not to say Colorado. New Mexico, Utah, Nevada and Southern California--it would be safer to Include Wyoming, Montana and Idaho also--is feeling a certain sort of jCTim satisfaction these day®. For Frank Luke, Sr., of Phoenix has got the Congressional Medal of Honor posthumously awarded to Lieut. Frank Luke, Jr. Oh, yes. It was presented with fltoper ceremonies at the Arizona state capitol In Phoenix by Brig. Gen. H. R. Hickek, Governor OBmpbell and other dignitaries. But the main tiling is that the medal was awarded and is now where Is belongs. And the fighting men of ihla western country are mixed In their feelings--divided between grief that they can no longer wish their pet flyer "Happy Landings" and pride that he so well represented them that he was the first ffylng officer to get the Congressional Medal of Bonoi. Moreover, the mystery of Luke's fate that for iny months kept all the fighting men of this western country on the lookout for news of him Is now solved. And these western fighting men are now doubly proud that their air hero "died with his boots on"--that his grand finale was fltt% igly glorious and «s heroic as was his whole Meteoric career. Eighteen Hun planes and balloons in seventeen days is part of Luke's official record. "And balloons!" Yes, balloons. Don't make the mistake of thinking lightly of an aviator destroying a balloon. Regulars, marines, national guards, tlonal army, doughboys, artillerists, engineers--all have their heroes. But don't overlook the airmen When apportioning honors. And If there Is any war business more dangerous than combating enemy airplanes it Is destroying enemy observation balloons. The quality of the job is indicated by the German practice of crediting with two victories every pilot who strafed u balloon. And maybe this is why strafing balloons was the chosen business and specialty of Frank Luke. Here's a glimpse of what Lieut. Frank Luke's ""jCGmrades think of his work: The other day J. Ioy Maloney returned to the Chicago Tribune staff. He had a pair of R. M. A. wings ffnd three gold overseas service chevrons, and his pilot book shows 350 hours In the air, 150 of which were over the lines. He was with the famed 94th aero squadron--Eddie Stickenbacker's own. He was pressed for "news" of his exploits. -"Well, I didn't do a darn thing, but I can tell Jttu a story about a hero--a real hero, the bravest in the war," said Maloney. "His name was Frank Luke, Jr., he lived In Phoenix, Ariz., before the war and he was probably the most brilliant flyer we had. "He would fly over our balloon officers drop a note telling them he would knock down D|bllnip at a certain time--and at that time down Hftpuld come the bag. ' "On Luke's last trip up he made the most sensational flight In history. He had dropped a note saying two German balloons would be crashed. They were, and then his air went bad and he had to pump by hand, which means handling the stick, the gas and all the guns with one hand. Me saw two Fokkers knock down an American . scout, so he went up and knocked down the bodies. On his way back he saw seven Frenchmen trying to get a huge German triplane. Luke fot the ship, but shrapnel stopped his motor. "Down he went. Below was Germany and German troops. That 20 year old kid dove the ship over the marching columns of boche troops „ptQd turned his machine gun loose on them, knowhe would be a prisoner. "But he killed eight men. then set his ship ddwn on the ground and whippet! out his aatp- •atic. He hit three boches when they came up to capture him--and they bumped him off. "When he died he had eighteen victories to ; «*» credit and was keeping Rick humping." This is the Judgment of a trained newspaper •Man. used to getting facts, appreciating their Tilue, and sizing up men. ^Perhaps nobody Is better able to tell the truth about Luke than the man who commanded his squadron In the fighting in which he took so brilliant a part. That man, Harold E. Hartney, now • lieutenant colonel and chief of punnery In the Sir service, describes his first Impression of him m» that of "a youth keen and aquiline, blue-eyed «nd fair, with a strong jaw and hair brushed back fpom a broad, high forehead." Luke was 20 years old when he entered the aprvlce. He was trained at the University of JLI//CJE AT )\/prej< Texas, at Rockwell Field, at Issoudun and at Cazeaux, in France; joined the 27th aero squadron near Chateau-Thierry late In July. 1918; had an insatiable appetite for flying, defied all rules of formation and safety in the air. "If any layman or landsman reading the his* tory of Luke's career is Inclined to fancy that balloon strafing is an easy trick, no experienced pilot shares that Illusion," says Colonel Hartney. "In reality It Is the most dangerous exploit any man in any branch of the service can undertake. The concentration of anti-aircraft fire from the ground makes It much more hazardous than other fighting. On every occasion of such attempts Luke's machine was literally riddled with bullet* Snd twice he was compelled to abandon his airplane and break In a new one. ~ "Here is a sample of the work Luke did: September 15, 1918, the enemy succeeded in getting another balloon up at Boinville, and a second at Bo is d'Hlngry. Luke had been watching like a hawk this area, and the moment a balloon ascended he spotted it and returned to his own aerodrome" with data and an appeal to be allowed to destroy It. "Before Luke went out on that afternoon, theMF* fore, new tactics were decided upon. Three friendly escorting patrols Of five machines were to dart to Luke's rescue, timed to arrive at the objective 00 seconds after Luke. Our balloons were advised by courier that at 5:05 that afternoon Luke would shoot down the Boinville balloon and asked to be on the lookout. Almost to the second Luke was perceived diving homeward, with a formation of five enemy Fokkers sitting on his tall and a burning balloon falling in the background. He managed to dodge the fire of the enemy and landed oa his own side of the line and not far from the most advanced American troops. Those on the ground thought that he was lost. He had. in fact, landed to get his own bearings and those of the second balloon, which he had seen at a distance. "Without getting out of his machine, without even -stopping his motor, carefqj only of hiddeq shell holes which might smash his undercarriage, he took off skillfully from ground which was never intended as a taking-off place for airplanes and made straight for the balloon at Bois d'Hlngry. ' "Without escort and with no companion, at exactly 20 minutes after shooting down his first balloon, the second fell actually under the nose* of the enemy formations near by. "Later observing north of Verdun and east of , the Meuse an attempt to send up another balloon^ Jmmwmrr S, till. Grave* IcgUtntlM OBm, HntekatM* AM No. t. Toi Chief Air Service, A. E. F". Subject; liravr, I nknown Americas Aviator. 1. l'iM« of thU aervlce have located the gian ei unknown aviator, killed on Sunday, SeptmkW K, 1S1M, In the village of Munaai 2. From the Innpectioa of the crave aad lat«t* View held vilth Inhabitants of the town the foltow- In IE Information wan learned In regard to the her*- lana of thla aviator. Any annlatnnce you cam faralah •n that will enable ua to properly Identify thla body will be icrcatly appreciated. The following might aaalat you In icalnlnft for ua thla Information i Reported a* having llfcht hair, young, of medlnaa fcelRht and heavy alatnrr. Deported by the Inhabitants that prevlou* to being killed thla man brought down three t.erraan batloona, two tjeratnn planea, and dropped hand bomba, killed eleven Ger- •tan aoldlera and tvonaded a number of othera. Be n» wounded himself In the ahonlder, and evidently hod to make a forced landing, and upon boding opened fire with hta automatic and fought Vntll he waa killed. It la alao reported that Uho Germans took hla ahoea, leggrlna, and money, »--T fng hla grave unmarked. CHESTER E. STATE!*, Ctft of Infantry, G. m. S. Oikta AFFIDAVIT. _ - Tic nndcnlg ned, living la the t«rw» of department of the Meuae, certify to have aeen, oa the 29th day of September, 1018. toward evening, an American avlntor, followed by an eaeadriUe of Germans, In the direction of I.Iny, near Dm <Meuae). deacend suddenly and vertically toward the earth, then atralghtea out close to the ground, and lew In the direction of the Briers Farm, near Don Icon, where he found a t.ermnn captive balloon, which he burned. Following this he Sew toward Kflty (Meuse), where be fonnd another ballooai Which he alao burned. In aplte «f an Incessant are directed agnlnst hla machine. There he wns apparently wounded by a shot fired from rapld-dra cannon From there he came back over Murvaux, and Mill with his machine gun killed alz Germaa aoldlern and wounded mnny more. Following this he landed and got out of his machine. undoubtedly to qnench bin thirst at a nearby atreain. He had gone aome flfty yards, when. neel|( the tieriuana come toward blm, still had the strength to draw his retolter to defend himself, and a moment after fell dead, followlag a serious wannd received In the cheat. Certify equally to have aeen the Germaa commandant of the village refuse to have straw placed In the cart carrying the dead aviator to the village cemetery. Thla same officer drove away somo women bringing a sheet to serve ns n shroud for the hero, and said, kicking the body) "Get that oat •f my way as quick as possible.M The next day the Germanx took away the alf» •lane, and the Inhabitants also saw another American aviator fly very low o»er the town, apparently -looking for the disappeared aviator. Signature* of the following Inhabitants) 1'ertoa, Rene Colin, Auguste Cuny, Henry G«atave, Eugene Collne, Odlle Pntoche, Richard Victor, Valentin Garra, Gnatave Garra. LeM Henry. Cortlae Delbart, Gabriel Dldler, Camilla Phillip. The undersigned themselves placed the body of the aviator oa the wngoa aad conducted It to tbo cemetery. CORTLAE DELBART. VOI.INKR NICHOLAS. Seen for legalisation of signatures placed abOTCl Marvaui, January 18, 1010. THE MAYOR, (Heal of Mar van*. > Auguste Gnrre. Traditions Differ, but the Beverage Has Been Appreciated for Many £ - 4 Hundreds, of Years. . There Is a tradition tor the effect that coffee was found growing wild In Arabia some tWO years ago t»y Had}! Omar, a dervish. Hadji Omar was dying of hunger In the desert, when he found some small, round berries and tried to eat them. They were, however, too bitter. After roasting them he finally steeped them In water --and found tlie decoction as refreshing as if he had partaken of solid food. Upon his return to Mohka, he brought his discovery to the attention of "the wise man," who were so well pleased therewith that they pro-, claimed Hadji Omar a saint. In the Bibliotheque Natlonale at Paris there Is a manuscript written In Arabic by one Abdelcader, who avers that coffee was drunk for the first time in Arabia In the fifteenth century. Other authorities have It that coffee was used in Persia as early as the ninth century, but there Is little evidence to bear out their contention. Abdelcader's story of the discovery of coffee is as follows: A certain Arab, Gemalledln, a judge tn Aden, while traveling to Persia--or, as the historians correct the manuscript, to Abyssinia--observed people using coffee rs medicine. Gemalledih so employed It, and was cured of an Illness. «Later. on becoming a monk, he taught his brethren In Aden the use of the berry. No opposition to the use of coffee appears to have been offered until the middle of the sixteenth century, when the Egyptian sultan sent a new governor, Chair Bey, to Mecca. The governor knew nothing of the beverage and became greatly enraged at the sight of the dervishes drinking coffee In the mosques. Upon consulting with !two Persian physicians he decided -(that coffee was a substitute for wine, which was prohibited by the Koran, and that, therefore, coffee drinklug was a violation of Mohammed's law. The result was a decree forWdding the use of coffee. All berries that could be found were gathered and burned In the market place. When Chair Bey reported his action to the sultan. It Is said that he received this written reply: "Your physicians Are asses. Onr lawyers and physicians In Cairo are better Informed. They recommend the use of coffee, and I declare that no faithful will lose heaven bocauaa he drinks coffee." he hurried back to his squadron and begged to bo ordered to go out in the dusk of the evening, surprise and destroy It. "It was found that his machine was not in condition for this flight. Luke got another airplane, and, though he was unfamiliar with this machine ~'*nd uncertain of the reliability of its motor, he determined to risk It for night flying. "With express instructions npt to attempt to go down on the balloon until 7:50, Luke left his home field at Bembercourt, accompanied by Wehner. As before, and precisely at 7:50 In the dusk of the evening, his comrades on the aerodrome watched the balloon fall In flames, giving Luke his third official victory of the day. ^'1 have all the details of his meteoric career. Por his glorious work on September 29, 1918, the day of his death, he was awarded the medal. He started out to destroy three Hun observation balloons. When nearly overhead he was attacked by ten enemy machines. He engaged all of them single-handed and crashed two of the ten. Then he dropped--out of control, as It seemed, but most likely only pretending to be so. When he reached the ievel of the balloons he shot them down one after another in flames--all three of them. The anti-aircraft guns were very busy about the second balloon. After that he disappeared." The Americans made every effort to solve the mystery of Luke'^ disappearance. The report of Captain Staten and the affidavit of citizens of Murvaux given herewith, show the situation of one stage of the proceedings. The remains of the lntr^ild air fighter were burled close by In a grave marked as that of an "Unknown American aviator." It was stripped, as the Germans thought, of everything that would Identify It, but they overlooked a wrist watch, which was found later add sent to the Identification bureau at Paris. 1 - Then Captain F. W. Zlnn of the air service Went to Murvaux and made an Investigation which seemed to prove conclusively that the body was that of Lieutenant Luka. ' " sr.- * MISAPPREHENSION. i • *• " r« r Germans are so relieved that (tog*" Idea of the American flag was incorrect." "What was their first idea?" "They thought that when It came to be planted oyer German territory they would see stars ami ffeel stripes." WHERE FRANCE LEADS WORLD. In architecture France Is supreme. It well be said that without France there would hav« been no Gothic architecture. The cathedrals of France are absolutely unrivaled, says Cass Gilbert in World's Work. One. has only to mention the names of Notre Dame de Paris, Bourges, Reims, Chartres, Rouen, Amiens, Beauvais and Coutances to bring up memories of miracles of creative design which no words can fittingly characterize or describe. Wonders of constructive Ingenuity as they are| they have as a yet more supreme significance ntt evidence of the refinement and taste of a peoplof instinct with emotion and ennobled by Idealising in its most exalted phase. These great building*, give expression to the spiritual aspirations of a great people. They are constructions of superb scale a&4 * --1 : ' ^ w ? r• fascinating beauty, embellished by tracery and arabesque, carving and inlay, stained glass, tapestry, bronze and Iron of marvelous craftsmanship and exquisite design. They are the product of a thousand years of faultless taste, the contribution of innumerable thousands of craftsmen devoted Iq the glory of God and the love of France. Brfgg»--What made you so silent at our gathering the other evening? iGriggs--Why, confound It all! i had a par* tlcularly funny story, had forgotten the end; point, and was trying to remember It. Brlggs--Why didn't you ask us?--Llf* EARLY HISTORY OF COFFEE EFFECTIVE MEASURES FOR PREVENTIN6 A. Link With Rousseau. A well-known, writer in Paris, M. Remesy, can, If he chooses, step Into Jean Jacques Rousseau's shoes--shoes, moreover, that the great genius made himself. The Paris correspondent of the London Evening Standard tells their interesting story: i In the little village of Erfcenonvtlle, where Rousseau is burled, there was an inn where he often went. Giard, the Innkeeper, was an Intimate friend of Rousseau, and he kept on the top of a cupboard a pair of wooden shoes that Rousseau had made. Jean Jacques, after wearing them himself, had given them to the Innkeeper. In the early days of the nineteenth century the poet Fabre d'Kglantine visited the little Inn, saw the shoes with a paper label on them, and offered to buy one for £200 or to give £500 for the pair. The offer was refused. When the tnnkeeper died he left the sabots to his granddaughter, and she at her death left them to her nephew, M. Paul Bleuze, who sold them or gave then to M. Remezy. The Auto Court. County Judge Smith established a precedent in Mineola when he held a term of the county court In his automobile. Dunn Steele, an aviator, was charged with culpable carelessness In having run down an officer with his airplane at Belmont park and was held by Justice of the Pence New for the grand jury. Judge Smith was just leaving when the defendant, accompanied by A. L. Garr of a bonding company stopped hi<n. He obligingly opened court from his automobile, arraigned the defendant, held him in $2,- 000 bail, signed the bond, adjourned court and sped away for Oyster Bay. --New York Sun. Once for Terre Hautf. Three-year-old Mary Ellen McKee of Terre Haute believes that "nice and clean" are inseparable expressions, because they apply to objects to which she Is most accustomed--namely, hands, dresses, toys, etc. The other day she was taken to her first vaudeville. She was impressed by the performance, and when she arrived home tried to describe it for mother's bene fit. "Oh, It was the prettiest show." she began, and then enthusiastically, "It was so nice and clean." Then she couldn't understand why (he family ..laughed.--{pdianapolla News. Jap Industry Stimulated. The war lias greatly stimulated the Japanese to undertake the manufacture of leather, and several large factories have been established in Tokyo and other districts. Owing to the undeveloped condition of the live stock industry in Japan, practically all the leather used id the manufacture of boots and shoes bad heretofore been Imported. Dreaming of Cats. ; Vn dream of cats is said not to-be tucky. If you dreamt of a black cat. ^your enemies are active; to be bltteo by one Indicates misfortune; burglars are about when a cat follows you in a dream; whUe to dream you are stroking one k^ans, beware jaf false frlenda. ' .' Testing Tea. If you wish to teet the purity of tea take a tible knife and a sheet of white paper, upon which rub the tea with the knife. When the leaves are powdered the paper is dusted clean and Its surface examined. If the tea la artificially colored, streaks of vlftd Prussian blue will appear. EROSION OF MUCH .VALUABLE FARM LAND* S .ft- , ., -A* Gullying Which Causes a Los* of Land and a Lowering of the Water Table. (Prepar«d by the United Sta4.es Department of Agriculture.) Soil erosion, or the washing away of earth by water, costs the farmers of the United, States $1°,000,000 every year. Soil looses from this cause occur in every state of the Union and in almost every county of every state. Nine years ago the National Conservation congress reported that 4,000,000 acres of farm land had been practically ruined by soil erosion. So serious is the condition that Dr. N. S. Shaler, formerly dean of the Lawrence Scientific school, was on^e moved to remark that "If mankind cannot devise and enforce ways of dealing with the earth which will preserve this source of life, we must look forward to the time--remote It may be, yet dearly discernible--when our kind, having wasted its greatest Inheritance, will fade from the earth because of the ruin It has accomplished." Ruins Fertile Land. Broslon injures or practically ruins fertile lands in a number of ways. The upper and most fertile parts of the soli are washed away until the land becomes barren and unproductive. Deep gullies are formed which result in an actual loss of land for cultivation, a lowering of the water table and a deficient supply of moisture. Drainage ditches are often filled up with sand, which frequently results In the flooding of the adjoining bottom land and the destruction of crops. Rich bottom lands are often covered with deposits of sand washed from the hill lands. Hence the direct losses of the upland farmer are the land occupied by gullies, smaller crop yields each year, and a continued decrease in the value of the land. Some of the losses of the bottom farmer are the land covered to a great depth with sand, crops damaged by overflows or deposits of sand, a continued decrease in the value of the land, and the money Invested in the construction of drainage ditches that have been filled or partly filled with sand. Thus It Is apparent that both the bottom and the upland farmer should be concerned in the adoption of effective «*««es ft# y stopping erosion. ' , ' . Methods of Preventing Erosion. Since erosion is due largely to th* rapid movement of the rain water over the surface of the ground, methods of preventing erosion must cause the water either t^ sink into the soil or flow away slowly over the surface to » drainage channel. If the rain water were absorbed by the aoll as fast a* It falls, there would be very" lltfie erosion. In order to drink up surface water" rapidly a soli must be very permeable^ which means that It must contain fairly large open spaces through which th» ralii water can pass easily, or where it can be stored temporarily. Somo soils are naturally very permeable. • number of ways of Increasing the permeability of a soil are deep plowing, plowing under organic matter such as manure, stubble, stalks an& cov?r crops; the practice of tile drainage, and. in certain soils, the use mt . explosives. Protection of Vegetation. Vegetation covering the aorfacev<|f<: the ground protects the soli from the direct action of the rain and checks the flow of the water over the surface, giving the soil a better opportunity to absorb the water. It Is therefore Important that some kind of cover crap, such as vetch, clover, oats, wheat or rye, be grown on the land during the winter or at any time that the land is not used for other crops. ^ Contour plowing, which consists of , breaking the ground along level lines across the slopes, reduces the flow of water directly down the slope. AttO In planting and cultivating the crops the same level lines are followed so that a shallow trough Is made above each row. Most of the rain water la caught and held in this trough until it either evaporates or is absorbed by the soil. Contour plowing should Invariably be practiced on all hill lands* The beginning of a great many gulllon Is due to the practice of plowing and cultivating directly up and down the slopea. . , ^ ••• . View Showing Erosion Between Cotton Rows Where Rows Are Run Directly Up and Down the Slope, a Practice Which la Reaponalble for* Large * Percentage of Badly Eroded Lands. BOLL WEEVIL LOSES GROUND BEEF CATTLE IMPROVEMENT t Second Year in History of Insect That There Has Been Reduction in Infested Territory. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Due to the hard winter of 1917-18, the boll weevil lost ground in his conquest of the cotton belt last year. This is exceptional in the history of the weevil, In that It is the second yenr since the establishment of this insect In the United States that there has been a net reduction in territory Infested by this pest. This does not mean that the movement of the boll weevil has been permanently stopped. In fact, the net loss of territory for the year was bdl a fraction of the loss at the beginning of 1918. Much of the lost territory was regained by the weevil later In the year. The losses In territory occurred In Texas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Alabama. The weevil gained territory In Florida, South Carolina, Georgia, and New Mexico. This is the first report of the boll weevil on cotton In New Mexico, where it was found in the Pecoe valley. The weevil has reached the southernmost limits of cotton production lq Florida. It Is steadily gaining new territory in South Carolina. Almost the entire sea-island cotton belt is now infested. Altogether the weevil Invaded only 16,100 square miles of new territory during 1918. It lost 46.600 square miles of formerly infested territory, making a net loss of 30,500 square miles. About 150,000 square miles of cotton territory still remain unlnfested. Work All Year Reund. On a well-managed farm there Is work to do twelve months every year. While there arc many days when hands cannot work out in the fields, the skillful manager always has something worth while to do under shelter. Roof for Poultry House. There are many advantages to a' single-pitch roof on the poultry house. This type Is most easily built. It gives the highest vertical front exposed to the sun'a rays and throws ll) of the rale water to the rear. • Take Care to Develop to Greatest Ex. tMtvIHoae Portions Fr^m WHth • > Cuta Are Taken. '. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) In the Improvement of beef cattle care has been taken to develop to the greatest extent those portions of the body from which are secured the highpriced cuts of beef. These points should be kept In mind when selecting breeding animals. SYSTEM OF SHEEP FARMING Farmer Cannot Be Successful and p nore Wool and Mutton -- Both Worthy of Consideration. » • (Prepared by the United States Depart1. ment of Agriculture.) % A system of sheep farming that tsto be continuously successful cannot ignore either wool or mutton. In many cases the two products will be worthy of equal consideration. In othera either one may be emphasised according to the peculiarities of conditioM» management and marketing. PRODUCE LARGE MILK YIELDS Animal la Necessarily of Dlffer^|j| I;; * Type for Production of Beef £*#-.• Breed Not Found. ^ I (Prepared by the United Staten Tl«Wj|- ment of Agriculture.) * •^2§ As the type of animal necessary fo« the production of large yields of milk is entirely different from that of the beef animals. It has been Impossible to produce a breed which would oiuntil ne these functions and be of sn^ rkir merit for both purpose®. <, Fattening Hoga. Fatten hogs on self-feedet* as flat as possible. Hogs fed In this way save labor, save feed in proportion te the gain hi weight made, and are ready for the market sooner than them which are hand-fed. Less feed It actually required to fatten when hap are self-fed. The system la therefore economical in every respect. : Keep Male Birds A»*£ We can save much money by keep tag the male birds away from the after the hatching season is over. # "i&Mi •.X W.V ^ y; m