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'*1 nS' &:> Ji •-•»•'V, .1,:: '• ••-1 „ x*->t mi$ f // • >e Craok In Filled Ground Caused by Earthquake in Japait Oi'ipiMOa by the Watlowal <Hx>cr«phlo Society. Washington, D. C-) (WNU Service.) f-r i' occurrence of a destructive earthquake such as that which recently practically destroyed the city of Napier, New Zealand, eets the world to thinking of and per haps to fearing these devastating tremors. It is wrongly assumed by many people that an earthquake is likely to occur at any place. Up to 1903, it is computed by an eminent scientist, Compte de Ballore, there had been 159,782 recorded earthquakes. In later years, when mors accurate records have been kept, they 'have averaged about 60 a year. There Is comfort to the dwellers in most of the world to know that 94 per cent of recorded shocks have occurred in two .Barrow, well-defined belts--one called the Mediterranean, with 53 per cent to Its credit, and the other the Circam- Paciflc, with 41 per cent-r-while tile remainder of the world has only 0 per cent, widely distributed. The United States has been singularly free from recorded seismic disturbance, perhaps the most disastrous being in 1811, when a very severe shock occurred in the Mississippi valley south of the Ohio, which was felt In* New York in one direction and in the West Indies in another. This earthquake changed the face of the earth. A vast extent of land was eunk,lakes were formed, and even the course of the Mississippi river was obstructed for a time. , Most of the earthquakes occurring -t»T late years can hardly be classed Kith the great ones of history. Nearly all of the destruction from recent * quakes has been caused by uncontrollable fires. In the more stable •ones long periods may elapse between •hocks, as for Instance, in Kingston, , Jamaica, 213 years intervened. Exactly what is an earthquake and what causes it? Superficially the name itself tells the story. It is no more nor less than a quaking of the earth or a part of it; and theoretically any vibration at all fills the bill, from the tremor caused by a heavy truck passing along the street or a blast in a near-by quarry to the most violent convulsion that Slides hills from their bases and opens • yawning chasms in the earth. Waves in the Earth. Bat going beyond the superficial, there is more that needs to be said even by way of a bare definition of an earthquake. The quake in so far as man experiences it is the coming to the surface of waves Mn the earth. These waves cannot be aompared simply to the up-and-down waves of rippled water nor to the back-and-forth waves in the air that make sound. Rven the simplest wave motion Is none too easy to understand; and the waves ID the varying earth materials that make themselves known to man as earthquakes are probably the most complex waves £hat exist. They are st once motions "up-and-down" like sea waves; crosswise like the waves In a flapping flag; back-and-forth like sound waves or the motion in a long coiled spring suspended with a weight bobbing at its end; and in addition may have <twigts about imaginary pivot lines in all of the three dlmenglons. IThe earth waves originate in some Mglon down in the earth and start . out in every direction. The waves from a pebble dropped into a pond form growing circles on the Burface of the water. But the waves in the earth being in a solid, attempt to form ftpheres that constantly grow outward. Soon, however, because of the difference in the rigidity of different rock • ,'materials, the form is not a sphere at «11 but a very Irregular curved solid , "Instead, more nearly that of a potato, "^ferhaps. ^ The two principal types of earth graves, those that travel like the pulsations In a bobbing spring, straight out; And those that travel like ripples and the waves in a flag, with a sldewlse Jnotion, move at different speeds. The U>u1sinfT waves are the swifter, and of ~$ourse the place where they make hemselves felt first and most strongly the surface area straight above elr starting point. This Is technlcaly the "epicenter" or "epicentrum.'* j?The pulsing waves around the epleenslternately push up the surface of CAPONS USUALLY SfKGHER PRICED the earth and everything on It; and let them fall back. When the Waves Combine. The "sldewlse" waves follow aim# Immediately after the first pulsing waves, and the two, with perhaps "twisting waves" as well, then operate together. The ground in the epicentral area, therefore, gets Innumerable thrusts and falls and at the same time is jerked sidewise and back for tiny distances In every direction. At points some distance from the epicenter the pulsing watfes strike the surface at a slant and so accentuate the effects of the "sldewlse" waves and create new surface undulations. The shaking at the epicenter, too, throws the earth's surface there into modulatory waves like ripples on a pond, and these also travel outward In widening circles. These surface waves are those of greatest motion but least speed. They register the heaviest vibrations on the slesmographs of the world. The second important question. In regard to an earthquake is: What starts the waves? No one has ever seen an earthquake wave start outward from Its center, and it is safe enough to say that no one ever will. But science has built, certain hypotheses about the matter that seem to account satisfactorily for the happenings, and which are accepted pretty generally. Hold s dry stick as big as your thumb In your hands and bend it until it breaks. At the snay, waves will travel to your hands and usually give you a quite a painful sensation. Hold an iron bar by one end and strike the other sharply with a ham' mer. Again the vibrations carried to your hand may be violent enough to produce a stinging pain. And if you should strike a small explosive cap with the end of a long rod grasped by the other end, the explosion would probably bring the same painful tingle to your fingers. Breaks Start Most of Them. It Is generally believed that earthquake waves flow from a point where one jof the three forces illustrated is suddenly released--a break, a blow or an explosion. Breaks are credited with the responsibility for most earthquakes. It is believed that because of slow contraction or shrinking which may result from the cooling of the outer portion of the earth or because of pressure from deposited silt, strains are set up below the surface like those In the bending stick. Eventually the strain reaches the breaking point and there is a snapping of the rocks which send violent waves Is the surface, .causing earthquakes. The blow type of earthquiake Is probably less important. Such a blow might result from the falling In of a great cavern, but probably would cause only a local shiver. A more important cause of a blow might be a Blipplng of one mass of rock over another with a collision at the end of the slide. Such a blow often follows a break, the two acting together. Earthquakes In active volcanic regions may often result from explosions of gases far beneath the ..surface; though many times there seems to be an intimate connection between earthquakes and volcanoes, the law regarding them has not been established. Some remarkable coincidences have been observed in late years, howover. The terrible cataclysm of Mount i'elee, which, on Hay 8, 1902, aliaosl Instantly killed 30,000 inhabitants, was preceded by the earthquake which In January and April of the same year wrecked a number of cities In Mexico and Guatemala. The distance between these points Is at least 2,000 miles, showing how deep-seated must have been the disturbances, if, as has been suggested, there was communcatlon between them. The great Sau Francisco earthquake was preceded only two days by one of the most violent eruptions of Vesuvius recorded in many years. It is also a significant fact that the fuming idlaud off the coast of Alaska, called Bogoslof No. S, appeared at almost the same time. A revenue cutter, visiting this island, was astonished to see thst the mountain, or hill, some 400 feet high, on the island, had disappeared. Operation Is Favored When Cockerels Cannot Be Sold. The production of capons is a food practice for poultry flock owners, according to Oliver N. Summers, extension poultryman of the University of Wyoming, as capons usually bring higher prices than other classes of poultry. Surplus cockerels should be caponlzed (1) when cockerels cannot be sold to good advantage as broilers, (2) when a supply of fresh killed chicken is desired later, <3) cockerels are sometimes eaponlzed when natural means are used for brooding because most capons (Leghorns and such excepted) will brood thickens as well as a hen. The unsexlng of cockerels Is simple and easy and losses In slips and birds that may be killed should be very small, 2 to 5 per cent, though, of "course, this depends upon conditions such as light, age, whether or not the cockerels have been starved before the operation, the experience of the operator, etc. Though the Increases In "else or weight of a capon over a cockerel Is considerable,It Is not as great as '> sometimes claimed and considered, tt being about one-fifth. However, this increased weight Is made on less feed ns the disposition of a capon is quiet and docile while that of a cockerel Is aggressive and quarrelsome. Because the market prefers largeV capons and top prices are paid for capons weighing 1 pounds or more, the larger breeds and varieties are most desirable. However, because the Asiatics and Giants are slow growing and late developing, birds belongiHg to the medium classes as the Plymouth Rocks, Rhode Island Reds and Wyandottes make the best capons. Because of their smaller size It usttally does not pay to caponize Leghorns or cockerels of the lighter breeds. Because the best market and demand for capons comes between Christmas and Easter and because it takes about 10 months to grow and finish a capon properly, cockerels should be eaponlzed In June, July and August. Ofter Information as to the time to caponize cockerels is given according to age or size, but it is more desirable that the stage of development be taken Into consideration because some cockerels develop much faster than others of the same lot. Because of the limited time and space they cannot be given here, but details as to Instruments, the operation, care and feeding of capons, etc., may be obtained from Farmer's Bulletin 849, "Capons and Caponlzlng," which may be ob talned from the County Agricultural Agent or the Extension Service of the College of Agriculture of the University of Wyoming. Washington -<'4 •Vi Letter*'::^ _By-- Nation*! Editorial Association Dowell were Ancestors Ffifc Pullets' Worth in Laying Flock A baby chick is born with a certain capacity to lay eggs, reminds Prof. L. M. Hurd of the New York State College of Agriculture, tn advising chick- buyers to buy chicks only from heavy laying flocks. It is doubtful, he says, if any practice In flock management Is as effective as breeding in increasing or maintaining flock profits. He cites the records of two flocks at the Cornell university experiment station. One flock comes from hens whose ancestors for many generations have laid a small number of eggs, which last year laid 136 eggs worth $3.90. The other flock comes from bens whose ancestors were selected for generations because they, were the best layers; this flock laid, on the average, 219 eggs worth $6.94. Both flocks were of the Bame age and were grown and handled the same way but the difference due to breeding was $3.04 worth of eggs for each hen. One recommendation of the college Is to buy chicks from disease-free and hlgh-egg-laylng strains. Other recommendations and suggestions for growing better pullets are vailable from your county agricultural agent or from the poultry department at the College Agriculture at Ithaca. Confine Male Bird* What kind of eggs are you going to take to market this summer? You ean do a lot to keep up the summer demand for eggs by the care you give them on the farm. Be sure the hens hnve plenty of clean, airy nests, wellfllled with litter. One nest for every five or six hens is sufficient. Gather the eggs twice a day. Shut up the broody hens every night. Shut up or sell male birds. Infertile eggs cannot spoil. Store the eggs la ft cool cellar If possible. Swift Caatli The Bestiarln camels are the fastthings in the desert and are the valuable of the camel tribe. Despolice always use these «-- they can outrun a horse. ohn Scott Harrison, who was bom 1804 at Vincennes, Ind., was the of William Henry Harrison, ninth dent of the United States, and of Mut Be Deserved A man thinks better of his children than they deserve, but there is an Impulse of tenderness, and there must be some esteem for the setting of that Inbred affection at work.--L'Estrange. Truth may be stretched, but cannot be broken, and always gets above falsehood, as oil does above Mites Cut Output Get after the red mites In the henhouse before they cause a drop In egg production. Before the poultry mites become too numerous Is the time to treat the roosts and other parts of the house. Hot weather Is most favorable to the reproduction of the mites and they multiply very rapidly, Boon causing a falling off in egg production. These mites are much more harmful than the lice which live on the body of the ben all the time. There Is unmistakably evidence that the defljt holiday negotiations have relieved unemployment in at least one sector--the statisticians. The depression in stocks and business generally struck a cruel blow at their craft. The average business, man lost faith in charts, graphs and other statistical presentations. Even the government figure-jugglers were in a rut until the moratorium proposition revived interest in speculation. As a consequence the busiest men in official Washington are the experts who rightly resent the caustic comments of legislators and hard-boiled industrials. "Give a statistician a set of figures and he will prove anything you want." Just now they are attempting to show how the debt settlement will bring hidden money into circulation, how world markets will take on a sew lease of life and prosperity will return in a more modest garb. Blunders in politics are magnified in the limelight quicker than real achievements. The Old Guard in the Republican party are not, nor never have been, known as pro-Hoover. They are playjng along somewhat reluctantly because it is to their advantage at this time. Hence, they chuckled long and loud when James West, director of publicity for the Republican National Committee, turned his back on the "gyatlemen's agreement" or partisan truce dealing with the international debt affair to claim it as a Hoover triumph. It annoyed the Democrats who consented to support the plan at the President's request and brought a clash between the Old Guard and the newer pro- Hoover group in control of the na tional committee. Every effort is made to heal the breach and softpedal the bold claims of the Fess- Lucas publicity man. Senator Fess is still in the saddle as chairman, but it is as freely predicted that a few more stunts of excessive deal may bring his scalp into the basket with those of his harassed predecessors. The Federal Farm Board is stand ing pat against political pressure from high-powered legislators in the wheat-growing states and risking its future. The bumper wheat crop with world markets in a poor receptive mood will present new and pressing problems to this government agency. They have refused to allow the legia lators to pledge them to a fixed price for selling the wheat under their control. The matter has important political features for the next Presl dential campaign and is watched ac cordingly. Considerable amusement is derived from the commentary now going th§ rounds in official and social Wash ington. It deals with the American exhibit at Paris, of which C. Bascom Slemp is the director-general. It Is reported that the exposition, which was designed to promote good will between France and the United States and to bring back memories of the French association with General Washington in Revolutionary days was not the success that was anticipated. According to the tea table discussions the flop was due to lingual difficulties. The current conversations are to the effect that neither Mr. Slemp nor his hand picked associates could speak French, a faet which militated against the development of better relations. The back stairs gossips insist, enviously perhaps, that the American staff in Paris was picked more for their family trees than for their own ability. The fund which was available has been exhausted so that the much needed clerical help which was sent abroad has now been ordered back to this country. In diplomatic circles* they are laughing and saying that one or two of the French speaking attaches saved Commlsslon-General Slemp from no end of trduble. It will be recalled that Mr. Slemp was formerly a congressman and secretary to President Coolldge. His political training has been far superior to the new good-will activity requiring the fine art of diplomacy. A sidelight on the financial difficulties of ocean-going steamship companies may be gleaned from the eleven months report of the Bureau of Immigration issued this week. The figures reveal a falling off in visitors to this country due in the majority of cases to the rigid restrictive laws which force a sorting of the human ingredients going into the "world's melting pot"--the American population. Eurdpe furnished about 85 per cent of the aliens, with the neighboring countries of Mexico and Canada ranking second. The total number of aliens admitted during the last eleven months amounted to 264,336, of which 125,679 did not come within the quota limitations. The majority of these incomers dents. Mr. and .lirs. Ra; colters at McHenry $£r. and Mrs. Earl Converse and daughter, Prances, attends d the carnival at Crystal Lake Saturday. Mr. and Mrs. Jack Geary were callers at McHenry last Thursday. Mr. and Mrs. Ray Dowell and daughters, Dorothy and Delores, were callers at McHenry Wednesday. Mr. tad Mrs. John Bioragren attended the Crystal Lake carnival Friday evening. Miss Helen Bernter of Chicago spent the week-end with her sister, Mrs. Jack Geary. Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Foss and son. Billy and Pearl Foss called on Mrs. W. Foss at the Libertyville hospital Friday evening. Mrs. John R. Knox of McHenry spent Saturday at the home of her father lierei Mr. and Mrs. Harry Matthews and son, Robert, called on relatives at Crystal Lake Saturday. Misses Mary Dan and Helen Urban and Ed McCabe of Norwpod Park spent Saturday evening at the Henry Geary home. Mr. and Mrs. John Blomgren and guest, G. Lagerlund, were 'Sunday dinner guests at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Lusk near Round Lake. Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Williams and son, James Howard, of Crystal Lake spent Sunday at tile home of Mrs Clara Smith. . ? of even- Geary. Mrs. Elder of Lake called on Mrs. Harry Ma«aHi|p« Friday evening. " Mr. and Mrs. Harry Barbor and daughter, Nora, of Waukegaa spent test Wed*wp4»r.«t the home of Mr. end Mr*. Dan *Hlis. WiHard Derrell called on William Fink at the EUaabeth Condell hospital at Libertyville Monday. Mr. and Mrs. Jos. Haas of Wauconda called on Mrs. Clara Smith last Friday evening. Mrs. H. L. Brooks returned home last Friday from visiting at the home of her daughter at Plymouth, Mich. Mr. and Mrs- Dan Nellis called on their daughter, Mrs. Blanch Mead, at Crystal Lake Saturday evening. W. E. Brooks was a caller at McHenry Wednesday. . Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Foss and daughter, Pearl, and Bill Berg attended the carniyal at Crystal Lake Saturday. Leo Zimmer and daughter, Joan, t>f Barrington spent' Sunday evening at tj»e Henry Geary home. Chesney Brooks attended the carnival at Crystal Lake Saturday. Mr. and Mrs. Harry Matthews and sons were callers at Crystal Lake Tuesday. ' PieaMr High School •" ' . 1W first high school In- the United Bt&tee was founded la Boston1 in May. 1821. • Mb ebiect 4 which his deochi of Inter years. family nut* eif Bowes-Lyon of earls of Strafibmore, and In former days had to be emptied to (fee «*&§>*• iieaith. erefTfe tfce CtytSfatt etttfe for Tl* iMf is ss»St»*rifo> oi the Planting and Reaping The best armor of old age Is a well-epent life preceding It; a life employed in the pursuit of useful knowledge, honorable action and the practice of virtue In which he wfeo labors to improve himself from his youth will reap the happiest fruits.--Cicero. li iMf knit itoi ion* wWlM bit s4er*~ ~ the mtfe^i IS ' -t«x) today, under the - lareBtee. Must avrickiy ijrwoire r*stfuf u«l energy, or money baciu _ BOIiGEB'S DOUG STOKE ^ Mi Car Owners Bought More Tires During April, May and June than fn any like period in History wi •> '•"J'S s.y;. HER1£ are reasons for this---Firestone is w building the Greatest Values in history, frith the result that Firefttone factories are oper- |ting 24 hours a day, 6 iflays a week, to meet pub- ^|ic preference. This is the year wwry> Jbody is scrutinising his |>nrchases. This is partictilarly true in tire baying "Imany confusing and misleading state* liientfl made about tires. MS i? |* To give car owners the facts, Fire-, jitone published comparisons showing^ Ijuality, construction and prices. Then; jjthe public came in---made their own comparisons with cross-sections cut " jfrom Firestone tires--and from special |brand mail order tires and others. of the ^ When they saw the facts, they bougfrt •tore Firestone tires daring April, May and June than in any like period in firestone historf^,^ C Drive in today and let i ,ow' you ^' "• ^ihese Firestone Extra Values and have your car equipped for Safe, Trouble- Free Summer Motoring. We can qtwe : v' you money tmd terve you bettmr, •:viC O MP A R E P R I C E S •AKseroaa OLDFIELD TYPE nS Ford. Chevroi]l et} Chevrolet Ford Fordla » Alrphuie's The average airplane feet long and tapered In plane The maximum width Is approximately 6% inches. The propeller is also tapered in profile < approximate width Is 1% CuMda'i Beginning Canada was founded originally by ftar traders and at one time supplied virtually the entire civilised jperld with furs. ( ' Making Life Better Ah, how happy would many lives be If Individuals troubled themselves as little 8 bout other people's affairs as about their own.-- S. H. Freond & Son CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS Phone 127-R McHenry Our experience is at Your Service in building Your Wants Ckevrolet. Wldppet Erslrfne ... Plymouth J Chandler DeSoto Dodge-- Dnrant Graham-P. 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