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. fy . ri ' V 1'Ji. "- v-.<• *^»#r . *•#** % 4' w* OOT.tj ' *?-.' j ' ' T , . .A**'. ,£>« ^ ^ Wj»SWs*W%'-.. .„. I" Tn*""-/ -I & t'.' r> .-,< "V TRIED LEADERS IN TIME OF STRESS NEED OF NATION •.,/<? *v #£?• K tk' - ?- Have Faith in President Hoover fhe following Is the address delivered by Secretary of the Treasury Ogden Mills at St. Louis. M*, FHday evening. Mr. Mills Said In as difficult a period as ever con fronted a distracted world, in the Widst of an unparalleled depression, at the very moment when there is ground for belief that we have mastered the forces of destruction and that the peak of the crisis is passed, we are to make the fateful decision M to whether we will change our leadens. This is the most important election since that of 1864: We should be guided' by the most thoughtful consideration, free from discontefaj, bias, prejudice--yes, even partisanship-- and act solely with the best interests? of the country in mind. This form of patriotism is, simply enlightened self-interest Who is likely to do thebest job, under all the circumstances--the seasoned Hoover, who has lived with all phases of this depression, has mastered every detail of an immense prob- . lem. and has developed the machin&rv tor dealing with it, or a new and untried man. who for four years ha? been administering the comparatively simple routine business of State government? The question almost answers itself. But the stake of every individual man and woman is so sreat that they must consider all aspects 0? the problem. . Yet I hear men state that they will •filitt for the Democratic candidate for Ho better reason than that things could not be worse. They are mistaken. They could have been infinlteworse had not prompt and efficacious measures been taken in time to avert a complete collapse. They can become much worse. It is true that we have lost jnuch, but we have much more still to lose; and much that we have lost can and will be regained with steady and experienced leadership, and steadfast and constructive efforts by the people themselves. Others say, "I am going to vote just for the sake of a change." This is foolishness. There is no conceivable benefit from a change in government, any more than there is in any change unless it be a change for the better. How many men, lust from restlessness, have altered their • course in life, only to live to regret -No, as' a plain matter of self-interest,- before replacing our old leaders with new ones, we must weigh carefully the qualifications of the candidates--the records of the men attd of their parties, their positions toward the issues of the day, and the pHrcipks and philosophy of go verawent which they profess to follow. JE Teats Change, Principles Endure Actions are enormously importart ia enabling Us to gauge the capacity, resourcefulness and character of men *ad of parties; bat in a world as chaotic and plastic as ours is toriaV, and with a tomorrow so full of the orforeseeable, pa>t actions need to be supplemented with something more to obtain a rounded picture. We neei to know by what principles and beliefs men and parties set their course; for, while events change and new situations arise, principles endure. Here we have something definite to embrace and, if we so desire, to tie to. I am not, of course, talking of mere lip-service to principle, or quotations from the Fathers, which ar>a solemnly dragged forth and propounded every four years and then flagrantly and consistently violated in practice. My own party" is not blameless, but our opponents are chronic offenders. . On the occasion of every Presidential Election, we hear much of Jtffersonian and. Jacksonian principles, of individual liberty, of State sovereignty, of the encroachments of the Federal Government, of centralized bureaucracy. Yet, no uooner is Election Day past than, with few exceptions, such as the Grand Old Man from Virginia, Senator Glass', our opponents proceed to ignore and to flout all of the principles and teachings of their patroh saints. It is they who are eternally seeking to create ritw Federal agencies and to expand old ones. It is they who have furnished impetus to the whole Feder?l- . State-aid movement that is actually wiping out State lines and undermining State sovereignty. It is they that are continually urging Federal grants for all manner of purposes Wfclch are destructive of all local responsibility. The truth is there is nothing of Jefferson and Jackson left in the Democratic party of today but the names of two dinners. I am reminded of the old story of an Intelligence Test given a Freshman, in which he wes asked, "What would Jefferson think of the Democratic party if he were alive today?" The yoiing man answered with much wisdom, "He Would be too old to care." And if he Were alive today it is just as well that #is should be so. between the prices of the product which the farmer has to sell and the general commodity level, for only on the basis of a soundly adjusted ^ricelevel can that exchange of goods take place which is essential to a healthy economic life. • To make thg tariff effective on those agricultural products which have an export surplus, is the problem we have been wrestling with these many years. No one questions the desirability of the goal. What we need to know is, how to attain it? And as to that, Governor Roosevelt doesn't enlighten us. The plan doesn't look to the Federal Treasury for assistance, which excludes subsidies from taxes. It must not involve dumping. It-must be voluntary in the sense that all producers must accept it without coercion. It doesn't call for the establishment of a bureaucracy, or complicated administration, for its success. While giving the farmer the full benefit of a tariff protection, it must not stimulate production. What is it? I don't know. But f do know that Governor Roosevelt has left himself pienty of avenues of escape should he be challenged to make good in the event of his election. The Governor's Six Point Program reminds me of the colloque between Hamlet and Polonious: "Ham. Do you see yonder cloud, that's almost 1# shape of a camel? *<Pol. By the mass, and 'tis a camel, indeed. "Ham: Methinks it is like a weasel. "Pol. It is backed like a weasel. "Ham. Or, like a whale? "Pol. Very like a whale. "Ham. * * * * They fool me to the top of my bent." Governor Roosevelt's speeches furnish a confused picture of where he stands on the tariff question. He accepts the Democratic platform's declaration in favor of a competitive , tariff for revenue, and hu been sharp in his criticism of both the Tariff Act of 1922 and that of 1930. Yet, in his Topeka speech, he definitely promises the farmer a, fall measure of tariff protection. Uncertain On Tariff He says "he will attempt to broaden our export market by sacrificing park, of the home market to foreign goods, though he has failed to specify whether the increased purchasing power abroad will be adequate to replace the loss of the home market to American producers. He Would accomplish this result by a series of bargaining tariffs with foreign countries. Which .A' The record of the Democratic House, under Speaker Garner, who has been pictured as a second Jackson, illustrates to perfection what I have in mind. What would Jefferson aild Jackson have thought, I wonder, Of putting the Federal Government ftnto the banking business, of guaranteeing State Bank deposits, of instructing the Secretary of the Treasury and a board of Government officials to manipulate price levels, of putting the Federal Government into the field of private xharity, of a meascontalning 50/closely printed pagnot needed/ to be constructed at a terrific cost from an empty Treasury? f cite this program of legislation. Which included, incidentally, the lmm^ diat^ payment of the"cash bonus. to be financed by means of fiat currency, not solely for the purpose of showing that the party of Jefferson and Jackson is indeed dead, but to emphasize how the actions of these Democrats, who are the real leaders of the party and the dominant element that will control it in the event of success, illustrate tb what lengths men go in periods of panic, when they have cut looqe from their old moorings and have not as yet found new ones. Putting the Reconstruction Finance Corporation into the business of making direct loans to individuals would liave involved providing immense capital, the establishment of branch banks in practically every commun-* ity throughout the United States, the creation of a huge bureaucracy, and undermining the entire banking structiae of the nation at the very moment when it was being subjected to the greatest possible strain. The, printing of fiat Currency would have imperiled our monetary system, and all confidence in our government, cut under the foundations of the road t.o recovery, and brought TB the end universal disaster. It is the history of all such experiments tftat the printing presses, once started, can never be arrested in time. ^ The instructions to the Secretary of the Treasury and the Federal Re-. serve Board to manipulate prices were not only unsound in theory and impossible of execution, but presupposed the existence of a power in a small group of men altogether too great to be trusted to the fallible judgment of a few humam beings. The pork barrel bill would have threatened the credit of the Federal Government, unbalanced the budget by a huge margin, and compelled heavy ' borrowings at> a time when tfcey had to be reduced rather than increased. Direct assistance by the Federal Government to individuals, disregarding State ^nd municipal governments and all local and private agencies, would have dried up the springs of private charity, destroyed local responsibility, and placed upon the Federal Government an obligation which it is ill-suited to administer, and which, once undertaken, could never be relinquished. Underlying this program, you can find no semblance of principle, "of coherence, or of sense of directiort. Not all of the glittering generalities | countres? What American goods, produce<Lby American labor, are to be sacrificed in the hope of obtaining a foreign market for other American goods? Whfit section of the country is to be sacrificed? Which one is to gain? These are facts that we ought to know. Governor Roosevelt should name the articles on which he would remove or lower the tariff in return for foreign concessions. If that is not practical, he should name such numbers as will illustrate his point in a substantial way; say, twenty commodities in uge in the United States, now protected by tariffs; if not twenty, then ten, if not ten, then five Surely he hasn't suggested a remedy without studying in advance Its value ; and, if so, he should be able to name the imports, as well, which will give us substantial new » markets abroad. I wonder whether Governor Roosevelt has taken into consideration the fact that we have foregone a policy of bargaining with separate countries, and relief on uniform treatment to all, because unlike some countries which have only one or two industries of national importance, which can be benefited* by such trade agreements, our country is So great, its resources are so diversified and ample, and its Industries so varied and complete, that bargaining tariffs must in our case inevitably result in favoring some industries at the expense of others in favoring one section of the country to the disadvantage of other sections, probably resulting in a net loss to all. W6 know that Governor Roosevelt favors the independence of the Philippines, that he is opposed to the technical cancellation of foreign debts, though his solution of the foreign debt problem involves their actual payment by our own people; but we have yet to hear a word as to his views oh foreign relations and world problems, which is strange when we consider that the last time he ran for a nation-wide office he based his entire campaign on a plea to the Amercan people to join the League of Nations. In fairness to him, it must be stated that what was then to him a sacred cause has recently been "dropped as a lost one. No Foreign Policy Governor Roosevelt simply ignores the Issue, unless we are to assume that he accepts the the Administration program and policies. Except for his railroad speech, he has delivered a series of lectures, which are almost academic in their relation to the realities of the situation. He has shown no evdence of having come to grips with the real economic profc> lems, or of having developed any program for dealing with the depression. This, indeed, is a strangp campaign. There is an entire absence of that debate of issues and questions of policy which is so. necessary in enabling the people to reach a decision, and in giving those entrusted with power a clear mandate after the decision Is e. For this situation, neither our candidate nor our party Is to blame. Compare Governor Roosevelt's position with that of president Hoover, as outlined in the latter's Speech of Acceptance. It will repay every man and woman to obtain a copy. of that address, for in It he will find set out in concise and definite form the position of the Leader of the Republican Party in respect to all major problems, foreign and domestic. Back of those words is of a party platform or the haiy and ambiguous promises of the candidate can obscure its profound significance. Democrats Ignore Records ° It is true that in this Campaign the Democrats are seeking to ignore, rather than to defend, this record, but there it stands as a warning to all; and if we turn to the speeches of the candidate for the Presidency, we are left completely in the dark as to where he stands with relation to the pressing problems of the day. These i.'iclude legislative measures actually pending which were vigorously pressed for enactment at the last session of Congress, and will be' as vigorously pressed at the next Except for the fact that he has endorsed the President's railroad program, tad finally approved the Reconstruction Finance Corporation loans to the railroads as proper emergency measures, and except that he bas outlined his . views on power, and taken issue with the President's declaration in opposition to the Federal j Government's undertaking the operation of the power business, which would mean the creation of an -, other huge and wasteful bureaucracy, we have nQ knowledge as to his attitude toward the gigantic reconstruction program that has been set in motion, though such words as he has let drop indicate anything but a sympathetic consideration. We do not know his position in respect to the immediate payment In of the Adjusted Service Certificates, at an additional cost t0 the Federal Government of $2,250,000,000. But here I venture to prophesy that, however reluctant he may be to take a position, publitf opinion will before long compel him to do so. Nor hav? we learned what he would do with the Patman Bill, which passed the House and which provides for the payment of Adjusted Service Certificates by means of the printing press. We do not know whether he endorses or opposes the guaranteeing of bank deposits, as provided in the Steagall Bill, which likewise passed the House but which was opposed in •he Senate by members of his own I arty. We do not know whether he believes that the Secretary of the Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board should attempt to manipulate prices, as provided for in the Goldsborough Bill, which passed the House of Representatives. We do not know whether he accepts or rejects his running-mate, Mr. Garner's proposal to put the Federal Government into the commercial ing business. Roosevelt Is Evasive We do not know whether he approves of Mr. Hearst's live million dollar public building program, or the more moderate, if still excessive, one driven through the House of Representatives as a Democratic party measure, under the leadership of hla running-mate, Mr. Garner. Since his Topeka speech, we are more in the dark than ever as to what relief he hsfl^to offer for the distressed situalftm of American agriculture. It isn't too much to say that his Six Point Program is the great mystery story of the present campaign. He adopts the classical method, well-known to all politicians, of stating the objectives as if they constituted the program, while failing to explain the methods by which those objectives are to be reached. We all know that the. economic proplem of the day to to establish a iui dona reoortf of aosompllahmeat. Than is a gigantic program of reconstruction, set in motion under his leadership, which has not only averted ^national disaster but has preserved and strengthened the foundations upon which recovery will be built. That story, too, you will find set out In the account of his stewardship given to the American® people. Governor Roosevelt doesn't even discuss economic remedies. President Hoover bas marshalled and brought them into action on a broad front. I discussed the program of reconstruction in Detroit last night. There is no time to cover the same ground again, much *ks I would like to. But I wbuld like to wspend a few minutes in calling your attention to the philosophy of government and to the underlying principles which give coherence, unity and direction to the President's actions and policies. He says; 'The function of the Federal Government in these times is to use its reserve powers and its strength for the protection of citizens and local fjOvernmeuts by support to our institutions against forces beyond their Control. It is not the'function of the Government to relieve individuals of tneir responsibilities to their neighbors, or to relieve private institutions of their responsibilities to the public, or of local government to the States, or of State governments to the Federal Government. In giving that protection and that aid the Federal Government must insist that all of' them exert their responsibilities in full. It is vital that the programs of the Government shall hot compete with or replace any of them but shall add to their initiative and their strength, i * • 'The solution of our many problems which arise from the shifting scene of national life is not to be found in haphazard experimentation or by revolution. It must be through or ganic development of our national life under these ideals. It must secure that cooperative action which builds initiative and strength outside of government. It does not follow, because our difficulties are stupendous, because there are some souls timproun enough to doubt the validity and effectiveness of our ideals and our system, that we must turn to a state controlled or state directed social- or economic system in order to cure our troubles. That is not liberalism; it is tyranny. It^is the regimentation of men under autocratic bureaucracy with all its extinction of liberty, of hope, and of opportunity. Of course, no man of understanding says that our system works perfectly, It does not. The human race is not perfect. Nevertheless, the movement of a true civilization is toward freedom rather than regimentation." Human Race Not Perfect Throughout his corfception of the j art government has to play In thes<J" critical times, you will find three thoughts: Fir^t, that though the gbvernment must furnish the leadership and assure the co-ordination and cooperation of existing agencies, institutions and groups, yet success must ultimately depend on the initiative, fhe courage and the fortitude of the people themselves; secondly, that when it becomes necessary, because of the . magnitude of an emergency for the government itself directly to enter the field through the creation of e m e r g e n c y i n s t r u m e n t a l i t i e s , t h e y should be of such character" as to supplement rather than to supplant or weaken existing institutions and organizations, and should be set up in such form that, once the emergency is passed, they can be demobilized, leaving our economic and governmental structure unweakened and unimpaired; and, third, as he himself said: "We have resolutely rejected the temptation, under pressure of immediate events, to resort to those panaceas and sho^t cuts which even if temporarily successful, would ultimately undermine and weaken what has slowly been built and molded by experience and effort throughout these hundred and fifty years." Let me give a few illustrations: It was in accordance with these principles that, in the earlier stages of the depression, the President called the leaders of business and labor together, and induced them by .voluntary action to take those steps which would cushion the initial effects of the collapse. It was In accordance with these principles that he assumed the leadership in mobilizing all of the local lelief organizations and agencies throughout the country to assist destitution. It was in accordance with these principles that the Reconstruction Finance Corporation came into being, not to supplant existing institutions and functions, but to uphold the credit structure of the United States and to raise the shield of government credit t<r> protect our great credit and other agencies, and, acting through them, to reach and save the millions of families whose life savings were threatened, and whose means of obtaining credit were cut off. It was in accordance with these principles that when it became advisable to appropriate Federal funds for relief, the President insisted that the Federal fcofernment should deal directly with the State governments rather than to ignore State sovereignty and Invade the field of State, local and private responsibility. It was in accordance with these principles that the Banking and Industrial Committees came into being voluntary organizations composed of business men, to cooperate and, assist in the working of reconstruction. The work of these Committees has more recently been coordinated through a Central Committee. They aie today actively engaged throughout the country seeking to make available credit affirmatively useful to business, to stimulate industry in business through the expansion of capital expenditures, developing the "sharing work" movement on a tion-wide scale, endeavoring to a home owners and others with maiar-r ing mortgagee, giving active cothe Rm nance Corporaaittioonn in connection With its program of loans for public and semi-public construction projects, advising it in the matter of livestock loans, assisting in the establishment of agricultural credit corporations, and facilitating the adequate functioning of the new Home Loan Banks. These organisations are a splendid example of voluntary eo-operation on the part of citizens acting through their own organizations in supplementing and making more effective the work ot government. It is a fine example of the very essence of Democracy, which Is cooperation. This country doesn't look for its salvation to the decrees of a dictator or to the direction and control of a centralized bcreaucracy. Indtvidv|al initiative and responsibility have made our nation what it ns. They will see us through. But, in times such as these, the organization and coordination of voluntary activities into a truly national purpose and effort can only be assured through wise and inspiring leadership at the top. I haven't attempted to present the ccmplete picture this evening, bat I have attempted by illustration td present the sharp contrast which exists between those who are urging you to entrust them with the conduct of government in this grave emergency and our President. On the one hand, you have inexperience; on the other, a tried and seasoned veteran. On the one hand, you have' a record which even the opposition party isn't attempting to defend, and a lack of principles, coherence and sense of direction; on the other, yoil have well-defined principles and a definite philosophy of government. And, finally, on the one hand, you have mere vague promises and pronouncements and an utter failure to come to grips with the real problems of the. hour; and, on the other, you have a magnificent record of accomplishment and a program of constructive efforts that have already amply justified themselves, and that, day by day. stone by stone, are laying the foundation for economic recovery and the salyatioxi qf the nation. s ashington --By-- Nation) Editorial Associativa Stop th« Leajkt Water leaking from k faucet in a stream the size of a common pin wastes about 150 gallons a day, engineers of the United States Depart" ment of Agriculture found. Even ft leak of only one drop a second make* about four gallons a day. This mean* a lot of water is often wasfed in hot weather when the well .or spring^oa the farm may be low. "• Tribute to Handel's Geaiua Handel's "Messiah" created a sensa? Hon at its first performance la London, and when the chorus struck, up "For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth," the audience stood and r& mained standing till the chorus ended, this rising to the feet whenever thalt part of the music is performed become ing thereafter an English custom.--Detroit News. Lack and Taint * r Depend ilpon it, a lucky 'guess la never merely luck--there is always some talent in it.--Austen. • Good for ehitty comer* • • Good for frosty bedroomk»\ r * - Goodfo* tUm bathroom +:m- ' J jr . . . . 5 ' ' * • ' « * ^ * o - •" s » * ' ""iV.V', /*, X. .' NL":-"' V' -A-;,... JA P»««f i! «om». cheerfully «o 7°" ;|eicu« whenever the Veather turns cool. Pings *. t A into any electric outlet. % di»pUy«ttawatyc«r PUBLIC SERVICE "y STORE 'h4 other local stores Washington, October &--Threads in the political web became more tangled as the crisis approaches. The forecasting in both partisan camps is con. fused fend misleading. Every officeholder is displaying marked symptons of unrest as the uncertainty of the elections is accentuated by various straw polls. The small artrty of government * employees dependent wholly' on patronage are frankly puzzled and worried. With a Democratic trend reported there has been a sudden stoppage of campaign ballyhoo in government offices. Civil service protects only to a small degree when pressure comes from high commands. Hence, the curbing1 of comment on the elections as a means of remaining on the safe side in event of a change of administration. Not waiting until their teirms expire next March, many "lame ducks" legislators defeated at the primaries, are bidding for appointive places before the elections. The ranks will be swelled after the second Tuesday in November. Representative Crisp, a Democratic leader, has been named to the Tariff Board immediately following his failure to win a Senate seat in Georgia. The pressure on the President persists with- judicial jobs favored in the demands for patronage. House is always a refuge -for partisans whose constituents turn thumbs down on their Return to elective office. With the baseball championship struggle out of the papers the propaganda bureaus of the Republican and Democratic parties are pouring their broadsides on the public. They have found that the electorate is not easily taken into camp with mudslinging as of yore. Scouts report that the average vote is inclined to " >31 show eynlcism or aiqpsiag indiffwwjca at Swrtfbaatic utterances. The ' oH gamer of the pot calling the kstUe black is not effective- On® nn]^ problem is to arous® their interest iji candidates and party platforms to it degree which will prompt men an| women to vote. Both camps claiming the uncertain element--thi new vote--or those who reached tlyi voting age during the last four yearfc The Department of Agriculture ha* estimated that 37 per cent of th§ mortgaged farms were indebted fop more than half their value last Jail* uary. It is significant that farm*: operated by owners showed a greatc* proportion of high debts with ovcife , Per cent of the mortgaged owneti, operated farms being indebted for more than their full value. In 192i the Census showed that 63 per cei* of the owner-operated farms wer^ free from debt but 10 years lat«i| those without financial obligation^ had been reduced to 58 per cent. This problem continues to harass thjl money-lenders and government offi» cials. It has even been projected af| a political issue without much hope cf;" help from partisan sources. Bankers of the country have becft iirged to lossen up on their purs# " V: strings as a means of stimulating . " prosperity. Secretary of the Trea^; ^ ury Mills in an address this week fore the American Bankers Assocta^ " ^ tion called on the financial leader* t® ^ "resume their normal attitude nf " > s symfpathetic (cooperation with -thei# * c u s t o m e r s " . O p t i m i s m i s n e e d e d - i t ; ' * all quarters. The Cabinet official; uncovered an important point when hi V: insisted that a study of previous business depressions showed that ig "the latter phases there was a ten*- > d<»ncy for funds to pile up in thir money centers, and this piling up at funds was followed by higher bond ' - prices and then by a resumption ait business activity". The America® . Federation of Labor claims that thil improvement in employment in majcp^ , industries is not enough to show ^ . definite upturn as yet. They regard . the restoration of the normal fall irt». • crease in working time, as suggestinj|„i v returning confidence. • ^ Ss Plaindealers at Bonger*!. Wi 7 "Short on Information t>o you know within 40c a hundred-weight what your hogs ,/are worth on the market today? Many farmers do not, the Chicago Daily Drovers Journal recently stated. In SOme cases the resultant loss has been $40 to $80 on hogs tld. Among the reasons for this expensive shortage of inrmation was the lack of * telephone with which to follow fhe trend of the market. To quote the Journal: "It is visually expensive in any business to find yourself short on •" Information." And it costs so little to have a telephone ... 'v'i'-i~7.r»*7.»*• •: *' » M (£> MAIL A CLASSIFIED AD TO THE 4 McHenry Plaindealer , -v "THE BUYERS' GUIDE" RllTES^Nro cents (2c) per word for each ms&rtiAJi. 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