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t i o n "Washington, writes to Nature that he thinks this theory is hardly tenable. Zones of narrow rings, he says, are common In all of our trees, and lie sug­ gests this explanation: Let a tree, like the fir in question, grow up under fa­ vorable conditions for a hundred .years, and then let a hurricane break off a large part of its crown. Suddenly, at least within a year, the rings of growth will become narrow. Within about Thirty years the crown recuperates, but still the food-material descending from the leaves is scanty for the lower por­ tion of the trunk and narrow rings con­ tinue to form there. Higher up the tree, however, the rings will be found widen­ ing. Finally, and. rather suddenly, the supply becomes normal lower down and the rings resume their regular width. Thus various accidents occur­ ring to a tree record their effects in its l ings' of growth. By Steamer, Train or Boat? Which of these have you selected as a menus of travelV No matter. Whichever it Is. recollect tlift t for seasickness,'.disorders of the stomach, liver and bowels, engendered by rough locomotion and bad food or water, ait(l for malarial troubles. Hostetter'g Stom­ ach Bitters is the most useful specific you can take svlth you. It is invaluable also for rheumatism, kidney complaints and nervous trouble. A -- Tolstoi on French Writers. To a French interviewer Tolstoi late­ ly said: "Alphonse Daudet had a cer­ tain talent. Paul Bourget was a bril­ liant essayist, but a poor novelist, his head being too .crammed with facts. Marcel Prevost is worth more than his books, which are "ihqunlifiables.'... Guy tie Maupassant knew how to see and tell what lie had seen. His style was as pure as a precious metal. He was miles ahead of Flaubert, Zola and ev­ erybody. Zola is a diligent and plod­ ding writer. I like his 'Germinal, ' and 'La Torre' is a novel of pleasant human­ ity. As for 'Lourdes.' 1 stopped at the hundredth page, aiui 'Koine' 1 never opened," ' * , • , To Cleanse the.System : Effectually .Vet gently, when costive or bilking, or when the blood is impure or • sluggish, to permanently 'overcome hab­ itual constipation, to awaken the kidneys and liver to ,a healthy activity, without irritatiiig or weakening them, to dispel headaches, colds or fevertj use Syrup of Figs- V ' - .Talk In favor of Hood's Sarsaparilla as for no other medicine. It has the greatest record of lures of any medicine in the world. In fact, Joseph Hatton's next novel will be a historical romance laid in Venice and ih a village of Northern England. D. C. Heath & Co. promise to solve the puzzle of the tangled relations of the various British royal houses by means of a chart showing "The De­ scent of England's Sovereigns." Paul Bourget's dispute with his pub­ lisher has had the effect of stirring up one of the French Deputies |o propose a bill compelling publishers to place a one centime stamp on- each copy of ev­ ery book they print. The much-discussed Freytag monu­ ment is not to be erected at Wiesbaden after all, but probably at Leipsie. FreyKag's library is shortly to be sold for 20,000 -marks, and if is expected that some American institution will be the purchaser. Tlio ftrst volume of "Sochi 1 England." • edited hy II. JD. 'Traill, is about to.ap­ pear in London. It is the work of halt, ». dozen writers of note, including Saiutsbury and Protheto,. and covers , the period- from the accession of George I. to the battle of Waterloo, Godey's Magazine, begins the 13?,d volume >of the famous!, old periodical that interested the mothers of the pres­ ent generation tuulcr the title of God­ ey's Ladies' Book. It has lost none of its individuality as a "ladies' book," though it has. wisely or. unwisely, widened its field. The third annual report of the John Crerar legacy to the American Sunday School I'liion shows that in the three years l.V» new Sunday schools have been organized and iV.H) teachers and 5.228--pupils brought into them. About l(i per cent, of the schools have already p rod need eh u relies. One more volume of the "Journal of Eduiond ile Goncourt" is announced, covering the years from IS!>2 to 180ft. "Les Goncourt" have at least achieved theilistinctionof being the most persist­ ent and artistic gossips and chroniclers of small beer in tlie century. Though Jules died in 1ST0 it has always been "les Goncourt" wjtli the two brothers, and always will be. Gladstone has written to Kenyon West, the author of "The Laureates of England." thus: "1 appreciate the honor you do 'the country' in taking literary notice of tlie curious subject, pf the lauroateship. There is much history connected with it. It seems al­ ways to have been a difficulty. I dfe- •clined to advise tilling it up. Yet Lord Salisbury lias done otherwise." Dr. Stodart Walker has written an introduction to the new volume of se­ lected poems by his uncle. Prof. Bhtckic, In which he iclls an anecdote of a time when Blackie'visited an Ed- inburg editor and mentioned that he had lectured the previous night on Scottish home rule. "I am astonished," , said the publisher, "at your fondness for making an exhibition of yourself." Prof. Blarkie turned on his heel and slammed the door after him. Present­ ly he came hack, thrust liis head in. and said: "Do you know, that's, just what my wife tells me." Andrew W. Tuer has finally complet­ ed his exhaustive "History of thr> Horn Book," which appears in two splendid volumes. Mr. Tuers indefatigable re­ searches have succeeded in tracing 130 horn-books in place of the eight or ten previously supposed to remain in ex­ istence. The earliest record Mr. Tuer has found of a real horn-book faced with a sheet of iron is about 1450, though this torment of the British child was not generally used until the close of,the sixteenth century. Two or three years ago an imperfect specimen of this species of text-book was sold in Eng­ land for $325. And now come even the booksellers also and depose, saying: Cursed be the bicycle craze. As the book trade de­ pends upon sedentary ratlior than on perambulatory habits, the wailing is probably not altogether of the imagina­ tion. But it is just as well to look on the brijtfht side and to believe that when the present fad has passed its acute stage it will have built up such a gene il increase of vigor as to cause a ilein. nil for more books than ever be­ fore. But they will not be books of the George Egerton or Grant Allen brand. George Haven Putnam propounds a curious explanation for the poor qual­ ity of the paper used in recent Euro­ pean books. He says it is due to the decline of Moslem fanaticism on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. Myriads of pilgrims used to cross those dreary deserts on their way to Mecca, every one clothed in tine linen. Thou­ sands died by the wayside, and it was a profitable business to strip the bodies of their linen for the use of European paper mills. Now the Mos­ lem is losiug faith and the publishers are losing their supply of the best grade of paper. Is.theOne True Blood Purifier. $1 The Strength of Steel. x An experiment, with a view to ascer­ tain the relative resistance, under pres­ sure, of the hardest steel and the hard­ est stone, was recently made at Vien­ na. Small cubes, measuring. 1 cm. of corundum and of the finest steel, were subjected to the test. » The corundum broke under the weight of six tons, but t«e steel resisted up to forty-two tons.. The steel split up with a nWse like the report of a gun, breaking into a powder, and- sending sparks in every .direction which bored their way into: the ma­ chine, like. shot. • J. .E. Gore, writing, on "The Siae of the Solar System," says that "enor­ mously large as the solar system abso? lately 'is Compared with the^size of our own earth, it is. compared with the size of the. visible tiniverse, merely as a drop in, the ocean." Tumblintr Mustard, It is sjjid that the tumbling mustard, a weed introduceil from Europe about twenty years ago, has become very troublesome in Manitoba and other parts of Northwestern Canada. Prof. Fletcher, of Ottawa, estimates,that a single plant bears i j o less than 1,500,000 seeds! "Bark Liijjht." , Monsieur Le Bon, a French .experi­ menter,. reports that he lias Obtained outline photographs on a dry plate through a sheet.of iron, simply with the aid of an• ordinary kerosene lamp. He gets the best effects by Itackipg the iron with a sheet of lead, but,the rays do not, like the N^rays, penetrate black paper., He calls the radiation which produces the photographs "dark light." The Cradle of Mankind. The recent discovery in j Somaliland by Mr. Seton-Karr -is regarded as an important contribution to the evidence by means of which men of science hope, eventually, to be able to locate, the era-I dle of the hm^an race. The implements referred to are identical jji form with those found in Northwestern Europe and in India, fln^thLs fact is thought to bean indication that in tlie remote pre­ historic times called the Palaeolithic age the inhabitants of Asia, Africa and Europe belonged to a single race. Exterminating Butterflies. Collectors of butterflies , in England are somewhat alarmed at the prospect of the extinction of several localized species, mainly through the effects of overcollection. It a pea rs that three spe­ cies of butterflies have already been exterminated, at least from their known haunts, and that three other species are in imminent danger of ex­ tinction. and the Entomological Society has been requested to take some-action for the protection of "the insects. Some of the much-hunted species, it is said, will probably take final refuge in the irreclaimable fens of Norfolk. England's Food Supply. Strong as the English wareflect is, it is very far from being strong-^^H&mjb to successfully engage a possible comfehaai. lion of "fleets and at the sanie time pro­ tect our sea borne food supply, says the .Nineteenth Century. If the. United States and Russia'declared war With England there would practically be no food supply left to protect. They would keep the' immense supplies we now get from them at home; and.the fear of capture or destruction would effectually prevent Argentina and other neutrals from sending food to>us in any sufficient quantity? .What is "\vauted is that, instead of only a precarious weekjs supply, we should have.stored up in this country enough corn to last for at least twelve months. Experts in the corn trade agree that there would be no insupera­ ble difficulty in gradually accumulat­ ing this store of corn. It would be for experts to advise as to tlie best meth­ ods anil places of storage. Perhaps the best plan would he to dis­ tribute it over the country in magazines at the inilitafy depots, giving the mili­ tary authorities charge of it, but if it was in the country and safe it would not so much matter where it was. Al­ though most of our corn is made into flour at the great ports, it would not be wise/seeing that most of them are so defenseless, to store it there. The entire control ai>l management of this great natioiial store of corn shouldN*ti>i<ruer some permanent gov­ ernment department. Although its ex­ istence could not fail to have a steady­ ing effect on the corn market, it should be outside all speculative influences, tlie price at which it would be sold, when necessary to sell it, being fixed by law. It would be no sacrifice, in tlie long run. for tlio country to provide such a reserve of food, as it would al­ ways be worth its cost. Other nations accumulate gold for use in war time. Wo should have a war chest of corn. If we have it, what will it do? : It will give our navy time to devote Itself to the crushing of the navy or navies opposed to us. It will give us time. With out great resources, to aug­ ment our fighting fleet to almost any extent, and it will give our farmers time to grow three or four times as much corn and breed a much larger quantity of cattle and sheep than they now do. It's a Good Thing. Push it Along. Not Turned to the .wall. Over the windows in the dining-room of a hotel in New York are the por­ traits of A. J. Dam and his family. A sedate pair were dining there the other day, when the prim lady asked the waiter whose portraits they were. "Those portraits, madam." responded the attendant, with much dignity, "rep­ resent the whole Dam family." Of course the explanation appeased the irate husband, who was informed that Mr. Dam formerly ran the hotel, and the pictures woul 1 never be turned to the wail. "I want to tell you what Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound has done for me. For twenty years I had suffered with loss of appetite, nausea, constipation, palpi -jJK tafcion of the heart, head- ache and pains in nearly-all parts sicinrasaid it ^p^^^^^^^was only •Vegetable Compound. I have taken four bottles, and now those troubles are cured. "I cannot, praise it enough, and our druggist says the medicine is doing a world of good among his Customers." --B e l l e S. Th o m p s o n, New Bedford, Mass. _ Why buy a newspaper unless you $ can profit by the expense? For 5 Ij cents you can get almost as much h "BATTLE AX" as you can of jpj other high grade brands for 10 cents* fj Here's news that will repay you for J the cost of your newspaper to-day* |j iSviS] Is the Moon Hound. We never jfeee Inft one side of the 1110011. but, juNtfeiilg from the side pre­ sented to our view, it is the general opinion that the moon is at least spheri­ cal. Of late, however, a new theory is being advanced Astronomers who are carefully studying the question say that the lights and shadows of "our silver sister world" are incompatible with the old theory, of its spherical shape. Summer Homes Is tlio title of a publication just issued by the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Kailway, and oontnjng a list of p'.casaui places 011 this line situated in the lake re­ gion of1 northern Indiana, southern Michi­ gan and along, the south shore of Lake Erie, where one may pass tile heated term in camping out or boarding j\t the sum­ mer hotels or. pleasant farm houses. The region traversed by the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Kailway contains a TTt-fai--mrmbt'r of suitable locations for" passing the annual vacation, or indeed the entire summer^ at an expense which ;s but nominal. Copy of "Summer Homes" will he. sent to any address on application to C. 1\. Wilber. A. G. I'. A.. Chicago, or can be secured by calling at City Ticket Otlice. ISO Clark street. The Greatest fledical Discov^py of the Age. KENNEDY'S TO THE FARM LANDS AND PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE except tlie tip of the tail, and certain gray-white markings on the back, thighs anil head. Occasionally a com­ pletely black specimen is found, and there are also some which are com­ pletely gray. The animal was once comparatively abundant, but is now scarce, and about a year ago a single tine skin was sold in London for the surprising sum of $875. In 1804 many skins were sold for more than $500 apiece. The cheapest skins are the pale-colored ones, some of which do not command more than $25. DONALD KENNEDY, OF ROXBURY, MASS., Has discovered in one of our common pasture weeds a remedy that cures every kind of Humor, from the worst Scrofula down to a common Pimple. He has tried it in over eleven hundred cases, and never failed except- in two cases (both thunder humor). He has now in his possession over two hundred certificates of its value, all within twenty miles of Boston. Send postal card for book. A benefit is always experienced from the first bottle, and a perfect cure:is war­ ranted when the right quantity is taken. When the lungs are affected it causes shooting pains, like needles passing through them -, the. same with the Liver or Bowels. This is caused by the ducts being stopped, and always disappears in a week after taking it. Read the label. If the stomach is foul or bilious it will cause squeamish feelings at first. No change of diet ever necessary. Eat the best you. can get, and enough of it. Dose, one tablespoonful in water at bed­ time. Sold bv all Druggists. The Burlington Route and many Eastern Railroads will sell Excursion Tickets at VERY LOW ROUND-TRIP RATES -- o ixr ------- Angus! 4,18, Sept. 1,15,29, and October 6,20. Slot Machine Doctors. The nickel-in-tlie-kslot talking ma­ chines to be found in hotels, restau­ rants, saloons, and other public places ure rather delicate arrangements, and are constantly getting out of order, so that U keeps a mail pretty busily em­ ployed going from place to place and setting them right so as to keep the comic songs from getting mixed up like the babies in "Pinafore." H^r They Baftie Pass Fiends. Charles C. Black, assistant attorney of the Missouri Pacific, who for the last two years has resided in Athison, has resigned his position with the com­ pany. and will resume general practice of'law#at Kansas City, Mo. Sam Har- burger will succeed Mr. Black. Har- burger long has been Bailey Waggen- er's right-hand man. They have a code of signals, which are particularly helpful when the man who wants a pass drops in. "Sam," Waggener will say when a statesman who has no claim 011 railroads presents himself, "Has Doddridge sent those blanks?"' "No," Sam will promptly re­ ply, marking the Interrogation, "and I guess he has applied the Interstate com­ merce rule to us and we will not get any more." "Then," a troubled look stealing over his face, Mr. Waggener will suggest that Sam "try Rathburn." "It would do no good," the ready lieutenant will say. "You know we sent over to him yesterday with a request for transpor­ tation for Senator Ingalls, and he was out of blanks, too." "Then." Mr. Wag­ gener will say, wearily, to the appli­ cant: "I am afraid I can't help you. It 's got so now that I am little more than a clerk. Sometimes I am tempted to resign." The next applicant conies within the rule. "Sam." Mr. Waggener will say, imperatively, "write out a pass for Mr. Bill here." and the pass is written.-- Kansas City Star. Take this opportunity to go and see the splendid crops that NebraskaTj Northern Kansas and other Western sections have produced this year.i Ask your nearest Ticket Agent for particulars, and see that your ticket1 reads via the BURLINGTON ROUTE. Send to the undersigned for a pamphlet < no charge) about Western Farm Lands. P. S. EUSTI3, Cen'l Passenger Agt., CHICAGO, ILL. A Wnlking Fish. A queer flsli, called the "walking goby," or the "hopping fish," is found in the Indian Ocean as well as along the shores of West Africa. Crowds of these curious creatures, resembling tad­ poles in their outlines, bask in the sun on a muddy shore and scamper off on being disturbed. Many of them ke^p the ends of their long tails dipped in the water, while they lie 011 the sun- heateil mud. or sit on mangrove roots, and Prof. Haddon has suggested that there may be an organ of respiration !n the end of the tail, additional to the similar organs in the gills. A more re­ cent investigator. Dr. Forbes, of Liver­ pool. thinks the fish are able to store a sufficient quantity of water in their gills to maintain aquatic respiration during their prolonged absences 011 the shore. The South is destined to 1k>. and is rap­ idly becoming, flic garden of the 1'nited States. Here life is easier to live, the rig­ orous winters do not cat up the fruits of the toil of summer, nor are the summers so trying as many Northern people have supposed. "I used to live only half the year," said* a Northern farmer recently settled in the South, "and 1 used to work all the time then. Now I work half the time and live all the year through." Homeseekers' excursion tickets will he sold over the Motion Route to nearly all points in the South at the rate of one lirst-class fare (one way); tickets good re­ turning on any Tuesday or Friday within thirty-one days from date of sale. Liber­ al stop-overs are allowed. These excur­ sions stHr t (and tickets are sold) Aug. 17, 18 and 31: Sept. 1. 14. 15; .<>et. 5. 0. 11) and 'JO. Call 011 Frank .1. Reed, agent of the Monou Route, for further informa­ tion. -- your pocket-book and your wash-board. One tries I // \ | to keep your money--the I \ _____ y *1 other wastes it. You'd' y \ / \ better consult your pocket- / book, do your washing ^ X. with Pearline, and put the wash-board out of the house. There's no room or place for it with Pearline (nou"ap), nor for any of its wearing-out, tiresome rubbing. You'll be doing your pocket-book a good: turn, and help toward making it fatter and sleeker, if you'll do all your washing and cleaning with Pearline. coe « Great Tide Waves. Those who see the rise and fall of the tides in our Atlantic harbors seldom think of the wonderful career of the moon-raiseil ocean-waves which cause the tidal flux and reflux. Such billows not only cross the sea. but flow from ocean into ocean, and in this way com­ plicated movements are set going. Thus, as Mr. Yaughan Cornish has re­ cently reminded English readers, once in every twelve hours the moon raises a tide billow in the Southern Indian Ocean. When this billow passes the Cape of Good Hope, at noon, its suc­ cessor is already born, and by the time the lirst billow lias reached the Azores Islands, at midnight, the second Is rounding the Cape, and a third has come into exislfQ.ce in the southern ocean. By 4 o'clock in the morning fol­ lowing its passage of the Cape the tide billow reaches the English Channel and there the shallow water delays it so much that it does not arrive at the Straits of Dover until 10 a. 111. Here the narrowing Channel causes the tide to rise very .high and almost puts an end-to the wave. In the meantime an­ other branch of the billow runs around the western side of the British Islands, rounds the north point of Scotland, and moves slowly down the eastern coast of England, until it finally flows up the Thames, and laps the wharves of Lou­ don. Tree^Rinjis. On May 2S mention was made in this column of a curious theory concerning the history of a very old fir-tree from North America, a section of the lower pkrt of whose mink is preserved iu En­ gland. The growth rings in the trunk show that the tree lived for several hundred ?ears. and that when it was about a century old something hap­ pened which interfered with and de­ layed its growth. The effect was to pro­ duce a series of rings very narrow and close together, followed by rings of the usual width, Indicating that the tree had suddenly regained its vigor. Ac­ cording to the, theory mentioned the influence that retarded the. growth~o£- the tree was a series of atmospheric dis- turbau<ee8 in theTMif lie^.Jk^BS"which ca&sed^idespread: epidemics In Europe and" Asia, and presumably in North America also. Mr. B, E. Fernow, of Mrs. Chaffer--What, sixpence apkee for these small cabbages? That's a pretty high price. Grocer--Yes. ma'am; but cabbages are scarce and dear. Yon see, there are several large cigar fac­ tories near here.--Answers. TUTTLE0A!,t^ g E N G I N E Personal. ANY ONE who has beon benefited by the use of Dr. Williams' Pink Pills will receive information of much value and in­ terest by writing to "Pink Pills," P. O. Box 1.1'.)". Philadelphia. Economical, Safe, Cleanly. Relia­ ble, Simple. Available for Urala Elevators, Creameries, CUlerMills, Printing offices. Grinding Mills, Ventilating Fans. Dynamos,Laun­ dries. Small Factories, Foundries. Machine Shops, etc. Will runwitb natural gas, artitieial gas, gasolin*; or kerosene as fuel. Always ready< tiir work; requires no attention* send for descriptive circular, and state your wants. The tootli of a mastodon in nil almost complete state of preservation has been recently unearthed. It weighed four­ teen pounds twelve ounces, and meas­ ured feu inches by six, and. is pure ivory. Chicago Newspaper Union, 93 S. Jeifersoa Si.. CHICAGO. 76 Clinton St.; FORT WAYNE, INk 212 Pearl St.. S!0l!X CITY, tOWA. Hall's Catarrh Cure, Is taken internally. Price 75 cents. A lobster s skin when shedding splits down the back-and comes off in two equal parts. The tail slips out of the shell like a finger out of a glove. No more potent charm can be found at Beauty's Shrine than an exqifisitely lovely complexion such as follows t.he use of .Glenn's Sulphur Soap. Of druggists. It is said that the flesh on the fore- quarters of the beaver resembles that of land animals, while that on the hind­ quarters has a fishy taste. , eb- Baldness is either hereditary or caused by sickness, mental exhaustion, wearing tight-fitting hats, and by over-work and trouble. Hall's Renewer will prevent it. No reproof or denunciation is so potent as the silent influence of a good example. I believe my prompt use of Piso's Cure prevented quick consumption.--Mrs. Lu­ cy Wallace, Marquette, Kan., Dec. 12, '95. Many a boy has turneu out bad. be­ cause his father bore down too hard on the grindstone. --;---- • 7 Dobbins' Floating-Borax Soap coats more to make than any other floating (soap made, but co Burners have Hi pay Ufi Huiwr for it. it is firm r*utes- u w iK- i OsJ pt r cent. pure, and the only floating soap made of Borax. Wrapper* In red lnls. Mrs. Winnlow's Soothing 8*bup for Children teething; soitens the gums, reduces inflammation, 1 *U*ys pain, curet wind colic. 25 cents a bottle. 1 Address mr aermotor ||f COMPANY. Chicago; San Fran* W cisco, Cal.; Ft. Worth, 7 San Antonio, Tex.; Lin- f coin,Neb.;Kansas City, Saint Louis, Mo.; Sioux City, AjHjPn Dubuque, Daven- |0j port, Dcs Moines, 1 fa.; Minneapolis, JEmm L Minn.;Toledo,O.; WW ^Milwaukee, Wis.; ™ wtfooria,!!).; Detroit V ^Mich.; Buffalo,NY.; I New York City; Ml Boston.Mass.; •] Bale.mote, 1 Stf % B,A5 6̂ % VELVETEEN ^ BINDING It keeps them dry and whole and it never fades. If your dealer will not supply you we will. Samples showing tabeh{ and materials mailed free. ' '• Home Dressmaking Made Easv." a new 72 page book by Miss EmiriaM Hooper.of'the Ladies Home Journaf. giving valuable points, mailed for 2Sr. - « Se M. Co., P. O. Box 600. N. Y. CItv EAST, WEST, HOME IS BEST, IF KEPT CLEAN WITH GNIVERSITTo NOTRE DAME ' The 103d Session Will Open Tt'KSDAY, SKPTKMBKK 3d, 18»6. Full Courses in Classics. Letters, Scienca, Law. Civil and Mechanical Engineering. Thorough Preparatory and Commercial Courses. Ht. Edward's Hall for boys under 13 Is unique in the completeness of Us equipment. Catalogues sent free on application to 1{ev. AndkeV Mok- IUS5 ry. Notre i>atn e.-lnd. Will pay for a 5-tISE advertisement four weeks >n IOO hl*n itrade lllinoU newspapers--100.010 circulation per week guaranteed. Send for oatalogue. .St»n- dard-l'nlOD, 98 S. Jefferson St.Cbieai* In tlma Sold by dnigglata.