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MONDAY-THURSDAY 11:30 AM-2:30PM (Offtr Good thru 12/31/14) Not Valid with Othtf Offfrt LlmlTOfw Per Person Special measures needed for work in bitter cold ByRobbFulcher Untied Prat* International JUNEAU, Alaska - From oilfield workers at Prudhoe Bay in the north end of the state to U.S. Coast Guard rescue workers on Kodiak Island in the south, Alaskans must take special measures to work in their often bitterly cold environment. At Prudhoe Bay, well above the Arctic Circle, workers perform their tasks atop drilling platforms in a surreal world that can plum­ met to 60 degrees below zero with day-long darkness. The workers, who haul down large paychecks fof their stints in a part of northern Alaska that resembles a desolate moonscape, wear special arctic clothing, but they must still keep a watchful eye on each other. "The workers on the drilling platforms at Prudhoe Bay have to work in teams, so they can observe each other for signs of hypothermia or frostbite," said John Van Houten of the state Department of Labor's research and analysis division. "They have to watch for signs of blueness or frosting." Alaskans working in less exotic locales must also find ways to get around problems caused by cold weather. In Fairbanks, Alaska's second largest city located near the center of the state, florists carefully plan each delivery of flowers so that temperatures that can dip to around 50 degrees below zero will not turn red roses black before they arrive. "First the flowers have to be in­ sulated. They are double and tri­ ple wrapped before they go from the building to the vehicle," said Jim Holm, owner of Flowers Etc. "They are placed in a bag, then wrapped in paper, then in wax paper." "We constantly call to make sure the party is there, and the vehicle is warmed up before the flowers are brought outside. Then when we get there, we get out and knock on the door to make sure the person is there, then we go back to the vehicle to get the flowers," Holm said. "We do lose a few, rarely, and when we do it's right away," he said. "They freeze and turn black, and there's not much appeal there." The industry which is hampered most by cold weather is construc­ tion, labor officials said. "In the construction trade everything winds down and there are seasonal layoffs when winter comes," said Jackie Warne- Bower of the Labor Department's Fairbanks Job Service. "They go day and night during the brief summer." Trades that traditionally rely on construction are not idled throughout winter months because many of the occupations, such as electrical work and plum­ bing, are done primarily indoors, Warne-Bower said. For other Alaskans, such as Eskimo whalers working off the arctic northwest coast, cold weather has always been tin- separable from the job at hand and the workers adapt themselves in time-honored fashion. Frederick Milan, a "human ecologist" at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks who has studied Eskimo whalers exten­ sively, said Eskimos wear protec­ tive clothing prescribed by 4,000 years of tradition against temperatures of 40 degrees below. The whalers wear "native clothing" such as caribou skin parkas, pants, mukluks and mit­ tens, Milan said. Even the Eskimos' physiology has adapted to the cold, as the skin temperatures of hands and faces' have gotten steadily warmer from generation to generation, Milan said. The harsh conditions are ap­ parently seen as facts of life by the Eskimos, Milan said. "They certainly know it is cold. They have a term for cold, but they can perform adequately in the cold and they are accustomed to it -- but I don't know if they like it," he said. Other traditional Eskimo adap­ tions to their surroundings include the use of dog sleds to travel over frozen tundra and the use of snow houses, Milan said. Many other Alaskans in the work force have not grown up making matter-of-fact adaptions to the cold, but must take special training. At the Coast Guard's Kodiak Air Station on rain- and wind-raked Kodiak Island off the south coast, newly transferred workers attend a two-day crash course in sur­ vival, held on a tiny island sur­ rounded by icy waters. Although rescue workers in the region normally wear special neoprene survival suits, they wear only the Alaskan version of "street clothes" for their in­ doctrination to weather conditions along the Aleutian Island chain. "They are dropped onto the island with just what they are wearing, and they must survive in the field for two days," Senior Chief David Watkins said. The rescue workers get their food in the traditional ways of the Aleuts of the area, by foraging shellfish from tidal pools among the rocks and contriving snares for rabbits, squirrels and small birds, he said. They find shelter in heavy undergrowth, and fashion little structures of driftwood and "sod blocks," Watkins said. "It's a real eye opener," he said. "To be out' there huddled in the cold with no lantern, no sleeping bag, sometimes you have meat but you have to eat it raw because you can't get a fire going -- it's really something to wake up in the morn­ ing and realize you're still alive." Every new transfer who has gone through the program has had the good fortune to come to just that realization at the ordeal's end, Watkins said. By United Press International Politicians struggling to finance their election campaigns this year might well envy the solution devis­ ed by their counterparts abroad -- let the government pay for it. But even though those govern­ ments pay much of the cost of election campaigns, the money in­ volved is considerably less than the millions of dollars a candidate can spend running for office on even the city and state level in the United States. A presidential candidate in Kenya, for example, is prohibited by law from spending more than $2,700. In South Korea, a can­ didate for parliament can spend $9,350. In a recent national elec­ tion in Belgium, all political par­ ties combined spent a total of $7.3 million. Public financing of political par­ ties and their election campaigns is an old tradition outside the United States. In most cases, the parties are subsidized by public funds in pro­ portion to their percentage of the vote in the last national elections. The system has triggered con­ troversy in West Germany, where the parties get half of their money from government tax revenues and the other half from members' dues and tax deductible political contributions. Under the Gerrtft^ system, any party that polled more than 2 per­ cent of the vote in the previous election is eligible for subsidies prorated on the party's share-of the vote. Each party then gets 5 Deutschemarks -- about $1.70 -- for every vote it would have received if 100 percent of the eligi­ ble voters had cast ballots. But the public financing law re­ quires West German parties {o match the government subsidies with with private donations. A party must return any part of its public subsidy that is not matched by private gifts. In practice, this opens the way for massive donations -- and in­ fluence -- from corporations that deduct political contributions from their business taxes. Israeli law prohibits corporate political contributions, but says nothing about politicians raising money outside the country. Israeli leaders such as'former defense ministers Ariel Sharon and Ezer Weizman have raised a lot of their campaign contributions in ap­ pearances before "Jewish groups in the United States. Though Israeli parties get public subsidies according to their strength in parliament, they use their extensive private donations to finance expensive television commercials. The Labor Party paid a reported $500,000 for the services of a comedy team that acted in its commercials. Australia converted its electoral system to public financing this year. A party must have received at least 4 percent of the vote in the last election to be eligible for public subsidies. U n d e r t h e n e w s y s t e m , Australia's 1986 national elections are expected to cost about $8.5 million in public funds -- or bet­ ween $20,000 and $50,000 for each parliamentary candidate. Sweden has had public financ­ ing of political parties for years. 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