CURRENT TOPICS, Within the last two or tree years a umber of interesting studies of the size ‘and style of type in its éffect on the eyesnd especially on the eyes of School children, have been made in Germany, France and England. In Ger- Many, where ‘myopia is very common - among children, it is now generally at- tributed to the use of Gothic type badly rinted, which injures thé children’s eyes very. “greatly; even though »the Schoolrooms are for the most part care- fully and intelligently lighted. An inves- Wigalor in England Se great ae ae the ol one » printed to injurious, and Eptancumant Bieak oe Susie vile in the year a most thorough scientific study of the wboie subject. ‘ — As la tho size of type used in school books, the rule of the German, Cohn. Seems {o be agreed fo as a minimum requirement. He held that not move er’ words, where three lines of type og the size used for tho editorial matter on this page are found, he would have only two. Besides the’ sizo of type it has been Poirited out that in its style there should He especial pains to have the upper halves of the tetters clearly for since these serve belfer to identify ths The lines: spacing of the letters is, of course, of importance, and so also is the length ‘of the lines. The eye takes in groups ‘of about ten Ieilers at a time, and aes 100 nygtimeters (about four inches) long. One generai conclusion of tho inves: tigations. is that no book should be giv- en a child which he will have to holl lose to his cyes in order to read wits €ase, since hat will tend toward giv- 4 which causes a child to hold his book close to him be set down at 4 reason for making a change. th A notable characteristtc of the pre- sent year is the destruction to life ani property which has been/caused by the Gonzano, Italy, ond a tidal wave on the Colombian coast swept away 2,500, In: February a hurricane visited the Society island#=a favorite resort for hurricanes, and 1600 perished. In March a cyclone “swept through Mississippi and twenty: one were Killed, and an earthquake in Spmosie Westroved 2,009, In April the fuvius eruption killed 2,000, a second #thquake at Formosa 109, the San rancisco earthquake 448, and a cyclone in Texas 26, In July there were two smaller disasters, a cloud-burst o! pel Mexico, which killed ten per- 8 and a waterspout at Lyons, pes which killed thirty-one, The furies broke loose in August and $.000 were Victims of an earthquake at | Valparaiso and 12,000 of floods at Hun- lit mis and Mobile 140, and ‘a eyclone in southern Spain 60. In Oc. tober a hitrricane off the coast of Florida which starled from Venzuela, skirting “Honduras, Nicaragua, ry and ‘Cuba, left 986 dead in ‘its path. During the present month nature has taken a h thirty-two sailors perished, being the’ he! principal disaster. Tocluding the tosses of life by lesser sane of this kind the record shows ‘ady that more than 50,000 persons pexished this year by earthquake, 6 a md the religious zealots are rain tat the destruction of the world CHANGED ‘HIS TUNE. Western States of 2 e problem was happily ae Bapnence that. the tance cal tens quaerelivig, and, wl t the judge: in = fu it. a eae in front. of x tof jon exclaimed in his tae ‘In the ait of he inv a) Sonny out ee i uae the Pe : Ti moment the. ie up- a lok aoe judge “was sitting gave way A ae him on ets other side f the “As cnet ‘fogaining his feet, he shout- is. s( oecive - a fi. hot, Jim! T'm out of es not elles that ae sre help: re in-| they ita step with on: has recently found | eyes chor Any quality of type} ¢ In September’ there was | 4a} lands! r| simplicity of construc | of, Galilee) rested according to the tas Men still are thinking about the ee tiat ane and ae hoping for a-civ an ie a ayer thinking they Hs Oy their ey on the golden lly and oh tates are fiotc ln keep au mn the green fields and the pearly giles of the Celestial City, but to be pre- paring in this world. for the heaven to try to answer our wn prayer: “Thy Kingdon come: thy will bo done, i earth as it is in is iifiadom: of God in the ae mAvhal we pray for and ought to look for is a state of society in which tegrity in business affairs; peace good will; riddan of restless discon- tent, and in place of v ¢ with joy and heaithf ing in contormtty to the laws ct nature that are tho laws of God. mean a n shall live squarely, have good wil NeseE One aninan en vara! w THERE IS PROGRESS. glance back in history shows that ali through the nineteen centuries since rist was mn the world has been moving along toward e. Slavery, af long reign, has been abolished in a great ae and to-day wi 4 court for the settlement of IgfeoHaon al disputes, and it is no e: an international Partltnent, advice, determining laws for tte nations. ‘The world has been moving along, not aia | vis the church and ry, bu y_& thousand influences, co.ing fron Futher, toward’ a unvirsal wel- is an organization and fhe beginning is the aa one Bhcustwtic ce thing, fo. make Mighleousness. et appiness in -our hom An Home at our neighbor; ta teach: our chit- dren. square, honest.” upright conduct; 10 tdspite- our’ children wit the spirit esl, and_ there there are square and ho ives, ad- | mi lusting themselves to a standard <t righteousn; We mean the domina ere oe ae shall share in the uni- | w nj and us WHAT THE KINGDOM IS Dr. Lyman Abbott Speaks on a Pop= ular [lisconception. i ot petice Ia place af the spirit of rest 3o"to minister in our home {hem pure ‘and sweet and and sweet and 0: What. does. the It means, first in business. It cation, whatever it is. kingdom of God mean? of all, square dealin; DOGS OF CONSTANTINOPLE. Turks Treat Them Kindly, Refusing to Kill Even the Maimed. ‘he dogs are a great fen ture of Con- stantinople, ae indeed, of ‘all Turkish towns. “They lie about in amiable heaps imc the ‘eunsiiine-ane are most c ally. “see 0 slumbering group, over asser'sby carefully oa monopollzing the very centre of a bus crowded street. | Each roud has its , Which. protests vehement egalnat hospiléble chorus ‘barks around him. and undignified, the dogs ere handsome, end nearly all haves tnost. coully- manners, but the great majority are cither crip- upon the scene the nearest Turk provides * basket and sing his “work ite misans-equare Ss a enérally. to. theltcwels right, honest dealing of a man with bis | tare,’ and wvo9 valde this: Ghamer wha fel an. This is religion. It is the Wes to kill etree io ie : lo talk Shot it For a carpenter re joint is more religious lo. tell Hin to-o I! i eace and good It moans the a straggle to see how much ve can gel but to see how much we achieve. GO INTO POLITIC _E gall you to go into polities. T hear then men saying, “Our ho interest in poli- eats An ols WhAY Griete t Huuseia Se doing and suffering in order that. they may get the citizenship God give you the ation the te. of righteousness and of peace and goo will, You can make the kingdom: " God come on this. continent of Ame: ing more interest in the kingdom of God tt ney do not call it 9) had ey: ate. vn the victory. of party politics. When mane aoe tae Waker be by ne vole at the ballot box of the lature, he is doing rel what. Christ called him 5 for the coming of the ki on the carth, ‘ THE S. S. LESSON INTERNATIONAL LESSON, DEC, 16. Lesson XI. Jesus Risen From the Dead. Matt, 28. 6. Goiden. Text: he text of the Revised Vers! is used as a basis for these Word The ‘Tioly Sepulchre.—In point of loca- tion the natralive of John makes it plain that the tomb of Jesus must be Hdentified wl the place of his crucifixio ho pide, where he. was’ crucified there was a garden; and in the garden ww tomb wherei Ss neyer man yet iid There then because of the Jews! e tomb ‘was ‘nigh a Beyer 19 41, 42), pointed Preparation. (for = a ‘dan's anes spa feseal autho! there is a cave called Weniane Grotic ‘The traditional. site. however, which’ for fifteen centuries was not ques. Mane, sels Uae Chute of the Hay near. the very heart of the of eed jem. of kind, the | © of Jesus was pyyord, quien the more common rock- i low, soft in which Palestine abounds, - Sometimi mes advantage was natural caves sence of architectural ornament, and in both these respects stood In n contrast with Egyplian sepulchral. mon individuals chose lar stone which could be rolled to and from its. place. closed the low openin, the fact that aia the Sabbath day ey (the women who had come with him mandment.” ‘Toward: the Ast day. of. the week unday, “al e watt “Tewish day did, Bee @ now reckon, at nid ht, it ae Eon ihe first day of the week”: (Mark, Luke, John) that the two Marys, with Salome, came to the es Mary jalene—Mentioned in Luke place in a allie Seman Matt. 15. 39). “The other Mary—Mary the mother of James, and aeons ‘or 16. 1). These ving constientiously men, waited saat "he § Sabbath should ou Lise spices (Mark 16. a and Spee the thew here aes tl e night in preparing ointments with which lay intended to anoint the body of Jesus. Perhaps they were not aware of the mith of Joseph of Arimathwa and Nis odemus, who had taken “the body of SUS us linen clothes was removed from its place at the apa ing of the an ees { the Lord—Luke and John oth: mention two angels: “Two men st them in shining garments" (Luke); “Two Sees Te one silting” Mark (16. 5) 5) man. sittin dis- crepaneies may he ee by the agitation of witnesses of this ee Os a ne. {chers—The Roman guard arte by Pilate to prevent the removal J ai * Rot ye The original: clearly mphasis on. the, pronoun “Theychad: notte sano ceaae for 5. Fea places the yo," 80 Jesus refers to the fact of his res urection pata Tell his: disciples—Mark adds “and nana Galilee—“But’ after i an rais Ga Mat wal fo before you in ie nad them—Not, However, un. rig ate he the (en. yon cae the report cr the in al 11. The important testimony retating ‘9 the bribing of the Roman guards con- tained in the remaining verses of our lesson narrative are peculiar to. Mat- thew. 13. While we sleptThe penalty for at his post, inflicted upon a Roman soldier, was death. The incident contained several amine chambers | teveals the desperate straits to which the iti notches or shelyes in or on which | Jewish authorities were driven in,their bodic re placed. A large circu- | attempt to conceal facts sbi to all who cared to know the 1. We will oeaate: him—They ‘hat b level places | been s Seatac persuading Pilate to graves were sun] @ surface of the} Pronounce the death sentence upon ai rock and covered with a closely fitling | innocent prisoner whom they hated, and slab. reas that it would be no more diffi- cut i emerge persuade him to 1. Late on on the Saoball day—tIn | let men pS guilty go free. ath day, which} 4 sayin nitinueth. until oe a a inlay evening, | this day—Matthew wis writin, ing for Jews familiar with the “tact which he calls to their attention. ag CHOIR OF BIRDS. At the Chapel of St. Peter in Florence here is a choir of birds, the on one - its kind in existence. a separate canes; ich arranged ws on both sides fle the altar. me "Teatter is a girl, e@ birds under her own persona training for over. two e movement of their instructor's hand. — Seads—*You say he left no money?” s—“No,, You see, he Xk his wealth ales to g a health getting ae ae then lost t healthy.” orking |, ym of God e body by friends or disciples of oe ivan: me mee down a street ¢t avsk, bull stopped to make the acquaint noe: of 3 puppy. liken, “all of worsted, U hed. establig ery satisfactory esis toe nature trend ip and was go- ing on my way when I Theard the rat- Ne of wheels 4 fou big T ‘ered iat spay put tho puppy. out its pain, a work I did not relish. He was ready to tako it roughly from my hands, but not to kill ite “That's dite ferent,” he said; “to take ite is wick: oe There are many repellant sights in Constantinople, and it is hard. to con- ceive a picture which more realistically represents a scene from the Inferno than S fans ction that Dogs are the seaven- Des reuitiiople: anil every night tic eae or holals unit houses tat Uingert t into man exists which lives by g picking and diligently “invest the contents of these heaps, While the dogs snarl and bay around him savagely nting his intrusion into their per- quisites. a e a ee GERMANY A BIG BULLY! MAKES WAR ON THE CHILDREN OF POLAI The Novelist iewier German Emperor Some Things. ‘An oben letter trom Henry Sienikiewiez e Po , to Emperor William, Gacnnive testa the school question. lion it at the same time laid upon you ecling the nation, spirit, working for its welfare, and protecting its faith, traditions, and toclings and if since, their iorporation with eras 20, nly have their complaints not | § met with sympathy, ae “hatred, vindictive- Oe kiewiez, are not ihe After referring to the great wars the Kaiser's ancestor: se side ar ds and prison, and on ie allie side, eay 2 een Bieaiean. COLD WEATHER PROP TS. Reavers, Squirrels and Chipmonks are i All Very Well. The wild anininls of Brifish Colun- t the winter is go- trappers, miner: governing (hen selves accordingly. Robe o tldctimertn tha Kootenay hills} who-has spent the season around Grand. Forks, saya for a very severe winter in lhe Beuliasty country, with lots of snow. 1 base ty opinion on the fact thal the mountains are: literally. infest. ec with chipmunks, — ‘They hare nat n So plentiful for fifteen years. remember that in 891 the. thipmunks were as numerous as they are now, and i! was the most severe winter ‘I ever experienced in the Kettle valley. The | general indications now are identical ie wos of that memorable year.” rd, a trapper well known i “the Pact Northwest, has formed same idea from watching the ani- He oe yS— fs take sharp beaver a weather forec: notice of the is. ‘They e dam, building i higher and: inalang 1" stronger, we. who avatar ‘that will come in the gain, when we si ole beaver colony out gathering their bee ‘of, pro- visions during Seplember and October, as was the case this on, you can de- ee ee it they look for an carly El uirrel also knows, oie to overt lowin, ‘he common y gopher, too, is burrowing nese gre} he expects a hard winter and will: go | mi; ee the frost line.” the Tells the ~j with less THE SPORTING CRIMINAL GREAT THIEVES WHO PLAY THE GAME JOYOUSLY. Sir Robert Anderson Gives Some Mlus- trations of the Methods of Some of the “Profession.” Sir Robert Anderson, late head of the Brilta ming Investigation Depart. Yard, has been writ ing. ie the andon Graphic concerning the criminal of sporting tendencies. holds the theory that “just as the sports- man enjoys the anticipation of sport, and delights in talking over ais successes and even a wes so is S with the criminal of s tendencies Indeed our nalional love a sport largely influences Bo character of _ English iS generally free from the iy tod marks the crimes cf Taces. ee minal y Vv rich Witt hoard will serie his victim and brea! hammer. open his safe with. a-sledge ant thts is aenly unworthy the “Dick Tur- day cannot take: to ype. He my memory will supply as with illustrations. HELPED TO ROB HIMSELF. he hero of rst story rented a bedroom pneee: the railw > on 3 28 well-groomed, suine compartment, attracting notice 0 his apparent desire to remain ale noticed while he dealt with the papers ho carried: jn a stylis moraing after’ a few roe he eee vent { nnoyance at having forgot ter y teanger sitting in ‘Oppaciieeaorner politely offered hth his bunch in the hope that he would fin ita key to open the bag. nger (who, of course, his bunch of jee and a few s crime was discov E Pesucoaes OF GOLD. This trick has been often played. bul weight of go! houses, confidence, oilers Tih: fa his se Sula a ae zat r { pinalienok be worth aie aonttecia cen) than 100. merchants had no risks, fo \d nice adequate, precautions against pilfer- ing or fraud. ‘The fellow stipulate that no one iit himself should enter the zS ostentatiously (o a rigid search after each is ‘One Monday mocn- ing tte failed ta put In. an sppearanee, and when after an interval the labora: lary was opened; the tanks In are the ereigns had been sited pias (oud 1D How the: gold Was 2 1 not the sporting snstinels of the thief sormpelled a to boast of his success. A leller posted. in. territory o-exipeallton treaty ‘Drought closure of the plot sort of letter ify Hie wold maintain absolute se- in the bus r if the were ‘mown they ) outa Heeanai a Aad ork pital of Europe. 1 say that they {ook the hint. a secret to the ico am jicers. who had knowledge of ib aro dead oud aah Bul how was ihe gold mbsiracted® The thief explained tha’ % ever use” manu’ actured, and ry time he visit ed the laboratory he Titled it with coins, A HAUL OF eee ill more elaborate p by one of the aronteal marinas ateouk lune achieved his greatest coup. 1 refer to Raymond, who gained’ 1 nety by nee Tet of Mr. “Due pid a fe Rimborly di chee die seed or ea Alloa, ai the mines, accompanied at diamonds to: the coast, and investigated the whole problem on aug ihe methods of us menting f to-day are differ ui aecipat ¥, the diamonds A the port always timed to catch the mai i Ey & = company, and he had not much aie is in obtaining tupressions of the aster, font fore Ne sailed for fone VERY SIMPLE WITH THE KEY, Some months later he returned 10 | £90,000 worth of 01 | deposited in the postoflice Ges room, and when those diamonds reached Eng- land it was Raymond who brought them e. He al ards 1 ved in luxury and idien¢ eds of the crime, driving his stylish mail-phaeton about London, and sail- ing ne peau rank in the Areatterran it not that his sporting inst dane ingly incited. enim is ill-gotten weal -} sent by thei e | needn't move.” Hastily THE MUTINY IN THE NAVY CAUSED THE REVOCATION OF THE ON-THE:. RE ORDER. What Caused the Open Insubordination at the Portsmouth Navy Yard. No longer will Lieutenant Collard, other. the British to kneel before him. ‘The 200. order of o1 e recent mutiny o ‘S| stokers at the naval barracks at Ports- mouth, The details of the mutiny, of course, are familiar to our readers, but the se-| been cret history nong sev yf th cers and nota- bly Lieutenant Collard. Ab tt ww year the officers at the ahhow were chi Commodore ford, son of the admiral, was pl Road a CORNWELL serene and JEUTENANT COLLARD. The se @ gunnery officer, came into loser touch on his duties with the men x than the other officers, Lieutenant Collard is very unpopular with the men. Four sourt-marlialled for. bru sloker and lost six months seniority as ago, he again got into the sfokers on parade In consequence he One of was slightly deaf. di |. | their Hanan "eS. jucl SOME FREAKS OF NATURE PEOPLE WHO KEEP WELL UNDER PECULIAR CONDITIONS. Herr Schwarz, the Armor-Plated Man- Capt. Vetrio Can Make a Meal Off Poisons, When she is in a treanlali'mood Ni ture seems to rev: tines beings who defy all het “mnogt ehetished traditions and are a constant mystery to mat as, hwarz, the “armor-plated ir who is me a puzzle to the pRShs vat Europe, Herr Schwarz has for some years” lon to mov ‘Ss, compelled to take food in a liquid. fori through a tube, some of his teeth havin by ved for the purpose. Ant yet, su ‘osseous man 0 Was ming young Berlin (Germany) lady. In curious contrast to this indurated gentleman is Herr Stahl, whose bones me so brittle that he can scarcely move without fd luring one of them, By ae ply. slepping off a pavement he broken a leg more than once A HEARTY HAND-SHAKE id not obey a trivial order quickly ed enough. teen Caters ordered the| has broken his arm n the man as @ punishment to yefore | back not long ago laid him up for weeks him on ‘Weutenent Wilh a fractured shoulder, Herr Stahl shouted, “Down! on’ your dies: you} has only numbered twenty-four years, dirty dog,” and compelled the man to} Yet he counts two fractures for every kneel. Next day the stoker, not being yeat he has lived; in fai humor- a sworn man as are seamen, employed ously says, the only safo place for him awyer King of Portsmouth to bring a] ' ® glass case. civil tain against lieutenant Collard Captain Velrio, an American, is “freak” other order, for he can for damages charging “assault, insult and degradation.” ‘Tho stoker won and secured” damages of $1,000 and costs, Soon afterward the man was dismissed from the service, ostensib! ot his deafness, ‘This-man was in Port mah at the time of the rioting. GOROUS COURT OF INQUIRY has been held on the insubordination at Portsmouth. It was secret. Many 0 they complained of Lieutenant Calland The. newspapers generaily have hiljor tn-thelr quacks on {nig-omeer, A result, perhaps of a hint from the na Lieutenant Collar in his papers, but action may unlil-the mutinous clouds have blown away, when his sxsigaalion he may be sent to : or at the Teed Seay the wor most unpleasant and profilless appéintments in the ni Yel ho has Deon instru ——+—_— HORRIBLE SUFFERINGS, Thirty-two ‘Thousand Political Exiles Sent to Siberia. Siberian journals are full of the horri- ble suffe ering eh, the political exiles undergo in as 3 hough 1 prolong their miserable ex: The Russian rgnett ines allows them exactly 234 on them, being “thlgreepled by 0 oMcials. In summer they’ keep “body ‘and soul together with Ash cave in 8 rivers and coarse rye br er fish is worth ils sete in god aid brea, unheard. of, hen they eat the grass from the frozen. marshes. Little wonder that scurvy, cholera. ad typhus rage amon; This is as worst, for they are obliged to live the mud huts of the native Ostiaks, | re tae with that am scourge, leprosy. is not surp: that these exiles, most of them delicately reared men and wo 25 their political opinions and have escaped this. cer known as_ per ettal “exile ‘They no hope for anything better and cannot even find a solace for their sufferings in work—for there is none to be done in vildern the hy alh-rate, their are steadily increasing, for 'y week. brings out fresh vic ims. in fact, the numbers of political e: increased to such an extent that, the Russian Govern i iy special ily from St. Peters: ty ee tents {rains carry onl, political w we herded to: gether like cali in unwarmed wagons by houses in NES St. Peters tow lever be- Siberian nso crowded with political "| prisoners as at the present time. Seay tea IN TWO SCENES. 2 pin. ‘Train stop- ping at a big Junetia é ‘Ticket Collector let me see your ticket, aes ” Examines ie “Sor- r ied ied by M! mie a a to be you. ~My el ae might heres my éard.. You have your Tekst Collestor—"_only wanted to a, oe Se ie talk to me. You're sa station. amaStee if anya mating ‘at Collec! tOe-ALl ae os = continues et collecting, train gue ates fa senger triumphantly relates tee of his various victories over railway officials. . Time, man only. wante¢ e assen, night still be living in the ‘enjoyment Ith. tell him o r polsik, Irkutsk, and other (i uring] f, 35 NO} a stom! n ona cee £ g nt, to the amazement of the Government ollicials who looked on, and who, to a man, de- ia his repast “wine H. Mack is perhaps the only who can defy the laws of but ing gravitation: Jest, & dozen strong men cannot raise him an inch from the ground, and. ai alire: football bata MAST EAI 18 pus ey Fe ih ie y palms hands. He did few seconds later he can make ae aig half a toi jagyini, of San Francisco, ap- pears eal enaye life just as well without as ever she did with one. sue ago it was found {3 remove yuk jady's stomach, and thie: is the acc “phe alien six years of age a! at the time. She rallied sro the operation, on th ing ate solid fo oa in quantity without cimseatoat weeks after the operation left the ost for her home, where she has sinee. remains She Keops house for herself and her daugh- ter, and, apparently, enjoys life much detler than MANY PEOPLE WITH STOMACHS, An examination of her blood last Jan~ present L14tb. | In ironical contrast to this case is that of Henry Stratton, a gas inspector of, Chicago, who was reported some time ago to be in danger of starvation, though he had two stomachs, mong many remarkable cases in which people have lived and kept well under seemingly Happesibls conditions, the late G jo tell of a man “id £3) a cualte in. his an macontone tay headache; 5 aes rk, * lived for 8 “ih na neck completely taken: = tondon it-Bils, than opal ek Sp FOUND AT LAST, certain home which was hardly} ofa ep description the husband and) rs. | the ets recently had a serious quarrel, one result of which was that not a word | passed betw the two for more than a month, ai indispensable -inter- communication was de indirectly, gh the lium of se Had it not been hold stroke on the part this stubborn contest would have end: other Sunday. evening the hus. vio he found house in a ‘bookcase, contenls, which lay about on tho floors. “What on earth is the rdw here, ore like to. -know?” salle the hus- to his Wife, as she proceeded to! turn out the linen: cupboard, he wife now had her anticipated op- ortuaity, and. quickly availed _herselt “Oh,” said she, wih ‘apparent exul- tation, “I avas looking for aoa tongue, Be S ae lost for nearly fi Sy an I have found itt” The ans ane Se sa Pas able on 30 me T was in, the wrong train?” the conn fe aa clined the captains invitation to join him >