" SPLEN DID EARTH ROADS. Sixteen Parts Clay, Twenty-Two Varts Sand and Siaty-Two Oravel. Greatly improved results in roae building or repairing may be u. tabnmectt by any device that will preveswt earta and water from mixing on the road- bed, and much may be done in tne way of Improvement. by a proper ac- mixture of suitabie earthly material. The requirements of the matertal, says Engineer Haupt, are thut it shall not be readily affected by moisture, tem- perature or preszsuré, which are the three principal destructive agencies. Clay is very sensitive to water and temperature and has' a high ratio of absorpilo Sand has Httle coherence and ylelds readily to pressure. Gravel has great mobility, due to its sphero!- dal form, but by mixing these in the prevortion of 16 parts of clay, 22 of sand and 62 of gravel, and impervious roo_ng may be Jaid, which, if uncer drained, will make an excellent earth road. macadam and telford roacs when correctly made are excellent, bur as built by most supervisors In this country they are pseudomorphs, un- worthy their names. When In the march of science the time comes for segregating the alum}- num contained In the clay road tnto a hare, smooth, resisting medium covering tte -urface, we will then have a road ~etal. hoth in fact and name, which will solve the problem of the clay pit and give vs a mediv™ of trans- portation which will surnass even the railway in cheapness and convenience. --Missour! Roads Improvement Jour- nal Steel-Tracked Roads, In the wreck of matter and the crush of worlds, coronations, convezn- tions, boat races and things, it is just as well not to forget that the furme: feeds us all, when the mud doesn't prevent his hauling stuff to marke'. Farmer O'Donnell of New York state, distinctly understood that he, and nor Farmer Judd of New Jersey, or any other person, is tne suggestor of the steel traceked roadway, per- haps the most promising of the new good roads ideas. Farmers O'Donnell, Budd and others propose, in brief, to lay wide, shallow steel rails in tne public highways, with turnouts at In- tervals. Wagon wheels would run éasily on flat rails eight or ten Incnes wide, with flanges on either side to prevent the wheels slipping off. Except upon main traveled roads the cost might be pretty heavy, but there would be almost no limit to the loacs Blieyclists could easily use it pearance might not quite equal that of well-crowned macacam road, but the idea is worth consider- ing, especially in regions where maca-~ fam e 's scarce One beauty of the steel track is that wagons with narrow tires could safe- acadam necessitates a How true it is that there's nothing w under the sun ! Here we are again at the old plank road tdea. Stee] plank running lengthwise instead & wooden one crosswise; that's all Khe difference. 'And in the week, the bee few years Gave seen the reapparance of the pe ad schooner and he fi re ieht wagon. n Langdon, in the Lamp. A Cheap and Practical Causewny. The usual method of building a wauseway Is to lay down two rows of pect TRE CAUSEWAY. gtone, to stretch flat rocks across from @me row to another, and to cover the whole with earth. The two rows of Btones soon work together, while brush end other rubbish will work in and clog fhe drain. A better plan is shown in fhe accompanying sketch. ew six- @mch drain tiles are laid down, both ends are covered with wire Ging. The whole is then covered with warth to make the roadway. Such a Grain cannot clog, nor can the sides Bettle together, while the labor of mak- poral it is not one-half that required re stones are used.--American Serowiier st. Better Koad Laws Needed, The road tax system of personal Service or commutation is unsound as @ principle, unjust in its operaiions, wasteful in its practices and unsatis- factory in its results. Some system should be devised, based spon pro- perty, and property owners should not be exempt on account of age. As the case now stands, some families escaps any road tax, year after year, al! of the members being either too young or too old, but they are abundantly able to do thelr share and use the roads quite as much or more than any- one. In the meantime their poorer neighbors, tenants it may be, or young men without land. must leave the erons in a critical condition, at tne rhim and convenience of the road- @eter, Often the worst plece of road 'ode untouched and a bit suiting the ? _resdmarter or'hir friends is worked efter & fashion.--Farm and Home. % ae "Road Building a Sclence. 'communities should awaken to the® fact that road construction {s a #efence; that good roads cannot be bulit on the haphazard guess of an inexper- _lenced individual that the mere plac- ang and compacting of broken stone on a roddway is only @ matter of labor und- workmanship; that workmanship will be of no avail, however thorough it may be, if the design has not been carefully adapted to the conditions to be met and to the ends sought; that an excess of strength can be readily secured by an unreasonable expendi- _ ture of money, but that the requisite strength and the best results at tne tiinimum of cost are to he tained snly by the application of well-definea rules.--New York Independent, , GOOD MILK TANK Device That Can be With or Without Lee. Someone asked for plans for a home- tiade milk tank or creamer for six or sight cows, to be used with or without ' I describe one that we have used with good satisfaction with water only, ter in Ohio Farmer, It is convenient, durable and cheap. Any kind of cans can be used. Com- mon cans, holding 14 quarts, can be hed of a tinner tor, uvout 75 cents, with cover. yHave them made io order, with &% flange all around the bottom and a ball like a pall to life by. A round can of this description, 8 1-2 Inches in Uiameter and 15 inches deep, w:ll huld ebout 31-2 gallons, It is a nice size, convenient to handle, and, in my judg- ment, preferable to an oblong can. To accommoduite four cans of this size the case ought to b: about 44xl ibche ins me eine it tO extra cans, 2 piace in which to keep the cream in hot weuther. The additional Will be but ttle. The tank can be made of 2-inch ma- terjal, well fitted and firmly bolted, it ean be made of lighter boards and lined with galvanized tron. It should have tight-fitting hinged cover, and if Unprotected from the direct rays of the tun, the cever ought to be double, with an air space between. The 740k chould be placed near the pump, and be connected with it by a three-quarter inch pipe, or larger if the tank is much -ome-Made Uxed cans eost larger. The pipe shouid enter the pump about 18 inches below its "is- charge spout, and shoula enter the tank at the top. Every time the pump is ued there will be a gallon or more flow into the tank, depending upon the --~ of the pump, the size of the pipe e length of time the pump Is The hotter the weather, the more pumping is done, as a rule, and the cooler the water will be kept in the tank The tank must have an outlet at the cyposite end from which the feed pipe enters, and a little larger then the feed ripe. This outlet must be about two inches lower than the top of the cans, The water should always be a 'little ltgher than the milk. If it is possible to utilize the waste water for stock it should be done. It will save that much extra pumping, In our case it Is conveyed through an un- dJerground pipe (G) into the barn basc- ment, into a tank, and used for the horses as needed. In the diagram the water enters the tank through the feed pipe (Ff). 'The avertiow escapes through the ee pipe (D) into the funnel (C), faucet for emptying the tank, which we cometimes find necessary In hot wea- ther, when more water Is needed in the A GOOD MILK TANK stable. The tank is then refilled with (fresh water. In case we wish to pump direct to the stable, the pipe is closed and the pipe closed at C. is pumped into a reservoir or trough at A. and finds its way to the stable through the underground pipe (G) in- i of the tank. Where this it whl be found but can only be used where the tank is higher thun the stable. The Albuminoids, Can the farm raise its albuminolds as well as starch? For every five or six pounds of starch we want a pound of albuminous matter. Clover is a great help, but with the cheapening of the ration by a greater use of the corn plant, the clover to give this needed pound would need to be consumed in too large quantities, so some concen- trated grain like pea meal, oll meal or the like, must be fed with it. Can the farmer raise oats and excnange them for bran? Usually a ton of oats and the grinding will exchange for about a ton and a half of bran, and corn ears will buy about two-thirds of their weight In oll] meal. We think with a little Inquiry end a will, that this albu- minoid part of the ration can be pro- vided for, and another gain in econo- mics secured, without the practice of any economy. Let '"s try along these lines. Let us use "@ se gawd foods to make growth and u.ik, and not use so mich of it to warm ice water and parn- yards.--John Gould. Feeding Calvca, A calf may be fed skimmed milk when one week old, with the addition of one gill of boiled flaxseed, Increasing the ration gradually to a pint a day when four weeks old, and then addlig fine middlings or corn and oats ground together, or a pint to one quart of oats unground. Flaxseed gruel, with plenty of skimmed milk, will produce . very fine grgwth, leaving the calf 2s mellow to the 'touch as if sucking the cow. A calf two months old will cain chree pounds per day on this ration. 'The oll taken off in the cream cun bo replaced for one-fifth of the money Ine of the cream. Butier datrv:nen h ay raise a calf to each © cow ae en m- wened e refu 5 lhiug putter oie the ing valuable--only earbon, which has no manurial value.--Andrew H: Ward. Good Water and Pasture Needed. To raise hogs successfully prepare plenty of good water and pasture. Grasa makes muscle and done and keeps them healthy and growing, but 't the same time It !s necessary to freed them a Hittle every day It is important to have *good stock to begin with ahd the male should be.a thor oughbr Chinge WIHT Come Sometime. . It's just too bad, the condition in which many a@ road is permitted to re- mada. , - A Double Deals, ae ears Bs eS -. for Them is Being "J am an agent for s boo "Tears and Smiles,' he said with 4 ing melancholy in his voice 's =. ner, as the woman of the he pe! the door. "85 "That's a good name for # I don't know as I want "nate taking the volume in her hand to ex- amine it. "It's a beautiful thought, ma'am, that smiles follow tears all through our lives. Only a dollar-fifty to close out the most rerparkable sale on record." He sold her the, book, and casually learned where her husband's place of business was located. 'There he pre- sented himself with another cépy of the same work in his hand, "Tears and Smiles ?" said the « busi- ness man taking it from the Agent's hand; "I don't mind the smiles, but when it comes to the tears I'm not in it!" "You don't pronounce that word correctly, my dear sir. Don't you go ona mild tear once in a while?" and he winked as he added the information that the book wasjolly cheap at two dollars. But when the customer had looked the volume through and taken it home as a present to his wife, he learned '& thing or two about 'Tears and Smi- les" that he had not known before. To Remove Old Whitewash. Make a paste quite free from lumps with flour and cold water, and thicken it with boiling avater. For every 3 pints of flour used add 1 Ib of alum' dissolved in hot water, and stir it in well. Covering the ceiling, using a whitewash brush to spreadit. Close the room for 12 or 18 hours; the whitewash,can then be easily * scraped off. To prevent whitewash from rub- bing off, add to half a pailful (the size ofa water pail) flour paste made with + heaped tablespoonfuls of flour thick- ened with boiling water. Incorporate it well with the lime while it is hot. A little strong alum water is somewhat of a prentive. HEADACHE. A Simple | Cure. As a sure cure for. headache, whet! caused by liver, 'stomach, kidney or trouble, Burdock Biood Bitters ix effective medicine known. It removes the '| cause of headache by restormg all the organs of the system to proper action and health. Doubts disappear in view of proofs like this: In the spring of 1891 I got a bottle of B. B. B. for my mother who had ben _ troubl- ed for twenty-years with sick headache. . I got it from Mr. W. Paxton Baird, of Wood- stock, N B., who gave me two other medi- cines to take Lome and let my mother take her choice. Fortunately she chose the Bur- dock Blood Bitters,*and I returned the other bottles. she used it for three months, und has had no headache since. We are sure that it was B. B. B. cured her, as she took no other medicine. Country Patient: I didn't expect that you would call again before to- morrow, doctor. Doctor: Well, you see, I had to visit another patient in the neighborhood, and I thought I might as well kill two birds with one stone. A. T. Wood, who was generally men- tioned as the Liberal candidate in Hamilton, has been ordered by his physician to withdraw. Major Carpen- ter, ex M. P. for South Wentworth, will not be the Liberal candidate for that constituency. The wise farmer handles fruit very carefully. He knows that the bruised spots are the first todecay. . So with your system. Don't let your cold continue. The hard ef- forts at coughing and the in- flammation bruise the delicate lining to your throat and lungs. Disease germs like. these bruised and weakened parts. of Cod-liver" Oil, with Hypo phosphites, will socthe the. cough; relieve the inflamed | membrane, and tone up they whole systam. eyes y © "s Emulsion with trademark of man aap tieasah ene to mene art 6000 COUNTRY ROADS. Tica Everywhere. ts has probably taken a haood' position than any other in appropriating money raised and. plans for constructing roads. 'hat will be the nearest perfect, and also in economy in spending money appro- priated. With my acquaintance with country roads and streets in the cities of norta- ern Pennsylvania, more than 50 years, {tf seems to me that one of the most important problems, even when liberal amounts of money are appropriated, is the question how to expend the money to derive proper value. The custom which prevails in our section is to ay road taxes which are worked out by the landholders, under supervisors or roadmasters, in an indifferent way and at their convenienca, after crops are In and the hoeing: done, in the latter part o June, or else when farm work is-mainiy finished in thé fall. Much of the time during the year the cobble- stene remain on the strevts, drainage imperfect, but the tax is worked out, and the road must care for itself most of the year. Thie method prevails in this cliy. Road taxes to the amount of $16,000 to $20,000 are levied to keep the outlying treets that are not paved in condition. money, under our municipal ar rangement, and twice a year, late spring and fali, the councilman has some in, whose. charge men, who have done their best day's work Jong ago. They are put to work on the streets, and they have an easy time; the taxpayers get less than 25 per cent. for their money, and the public gets disreputable streets to pass over. One of the greatest mistakes, I am led to believe, is the want of knowledge on the part of those who have the expend- ing of the money appropriated for .oad 2urp?ses. 'It the state or the general govern- ment, through the agricultural depart- ment, would offer a few thousand dol- lars, say for five best methods of bu.ld- ing and repairing roads, and then have prepositions and agree on which could be formulated, with proper iNustrations, with all the questions that would be useful-to persons who might have the care of roads, it would be of the first importance. Then there should AN EXCLUSIVE THOROUGHFARE. be for each state or county a board of engineers, who should each year, under direction of -county commissioners, make surveys of the roads, presenting diagrams, which shourd be filed and topics given to supervisors, with proper instructions for caring for the roads. neers and those having care of railroad beds understand that they should be protected by thorough drain- age, but this ts taken small account of in streets and country roads, Let the civil service rules apply to supervisors and roadmasters, and no one be per- mitted to act as such until he had been examined by the Board of Cvunty Engineers, answering fully all the ques- tlons laid down in the manual, as above, and his appointment approved by the court. He should be required to nd the money appropriated for roads ina faithful manner, paving the usual alttes should be inflicted for failure of duty on the part of anyone 'ntrusted with the expenditure of money raised for road taxes; and all taxpayers should be vigilant in seeing that supervisors and roadmasters are prompt in keep- ing roads in repair ali the year, instead of one two months.--Wlillam H. Richmond, Scranton, Pa., in New York Tribune. Good Roads in Ohio. The Norwalk (O.) Reflector, In its Is- sue of March 31, prints a list of the good roads in Ohlo--pike roads--maide of stone and gravel, wnich shows tne mileage in each county. shows that but ten counties in Ohio are with- out any road of this enaracter. Items are quoted as follows: Number Cost nth of ia ag mile. Shampalignu MK ORG nc nescccccecscececees ay om) CURATOR, occ cc ceccccreecsees Sa 2,726 MBCKE wo. e eee were ee eee C5 1,638 Delaware Lod ce eidlaw Melwweians st 1,870 Franklin .......+.-e5seeee: ig 1,27 ey ee ee Ce bai 2.870 Madison ...4..--- 02 ese eee 231 2.120 De ee ec 21 1,287 CARO. cc cece ener cccscnccene mo 2.300 awemevs neces sReeead @ a8 1,033 The above list includes but a part of the reads. The total mileage as given in this article ts 5,990. Wide Tire Legislation. The extent to which the value of wide tires has come to be recognized |s shown by the fact that during the Jast twelve months the legislature of near:y every state has been asked to pass a bill providing for their compulsory adoption. The state ef New Jersey has already adopted a law of this kine, anti it is reaping the benefit in the pos- seagion of the best ruads In the coun- try. With wide tires In use even the present 'countrty roads will olga for tires serve as rollers to make the road-bed compact instead of cutting deep ruts, as do heavily loaded waguns 'om marrow tire Good Thing for Everrbedy. road enables the lazy farmer to loaf eae at the village store, and a Seong possible for the thrifty * _ and get another tondi--Good Roa Care Should be Immediate. _ Ayer's Pills: Castoria is Dr. Samuel for Paregoric, Drops, Soothing Syrups, and Castor Oil. Pitcher's prescription for Infants and Children. It contains neither Opixdm, Morphine nor es It is Pleasant, Its guarantee is thirty years' use by Millions of Mothers. Castoria destroys Worms and allays feverishness. Castoria prevents vomiting Sour Curd, cures Diarrhcea and Wind Colic. Castoria relieves teething troubles, cures constipation and flatulency. Castoria assimilates the food, regulatcs "the stomach and bowels, giving healthy and natural sleep. Case toria is the Children's Panacea--the Mother's Friend. Castoria. " Castoria is an excellent medicine for chil- told me of its * Castoria bi which Temes Toyo to day soot 1 use Castoria in- A af th gteod destroying their loved ones, by forcing opium, soothing agents down their throats, thereby sending them to premature graves." De. J. F. Emicnero! Conway, ise. a sis erg, ohet it indtines I ment P y prescription known to me." H. A, Ancren, M. D., 111 So. Oxford St., Brooklyn, N. N. ¥. " Our physicians in the the children's depart- highly of f their experi- products, yet we are free to confess that the merits of Castoria has won us to look with favor upon it." Unrrep EHosprran axp Dispensary, Boston, Mass, Auuey C. Surrn, Pres., The Centacr Company, T1 Murray Stroct, New York Ct7. STRAIGHT AS AN ARROW -- TO THE MARK. In all diseases that affect humanity there is some weak link in the chain of health, some spot that is the seat of the trouble. It may be the liver, it may be the stomach; perhaps it is the bowels or the kidneys; most likely itis the blood. Burdock Blood Bitters goes straight to that spot, strengthens the weak link in the chain, removes the cause of the disease, and restores health, because it acts with cleansing force and curative or upon the stomach, liver, vidaeve With good bowels and i red blood health is assured, without «ie it disease is certain to come and Burdock BL.000 BITTFERS is the only remedy that blood poisons. In ulcers, lous swellings, skin diseases, blotches, old sores, etc., B.B.B. should be applied externally, as well as taken internally according to directions. will positively remove all abscesses, scrofula, scrofu- ™ Ven erty ow ie] 2 PS & ] >| "8: i CURED PERMANENTLY BY TAKING ayers P -- tied a good many remedies this complaint; but it Began 'Taking t I received anvthine ke pe nent benefit, A single box of these ails did the work for me, aud Lam now free from headaches. eto a well mun." . Huteswines, Eust Auburn, Me AYER'S PILLS Awarded Medal at World's Fair Ayer's Sarsapearilla is the Best, Consumption. Cay ge nee Cry for F tcher's Castoria. . i ¢ | ¢ Daline per r box. ) | 2 BSoee2nsa DR. . WOOD'S Led ied I aworite! Cook's Cotton Rost Comp@tind Manufactured by The Cook Co., Windsor, Ont., and Detroit, Mich., is the only known safe, reliable ( ) rionthly medicine on whic 2 n depend in -. hour and time «" need." Every lady who reads ¢ 1 isis quested & to inc two p post: ¢ ose "ae with her address, for Op ee Samle 6 , and full particulars, which we will § poe by return mail in plain. sealed F yw~w~TwewTew7T i} SS Ba &, os EPs old physician, 35 years con- ¢ 4 Housds peaioe: baci diseases of ( women, has ch of the office, and can be peer by letter or in ¢ ) perso -- our main o COCK COMPANY, ¢ ) Boom 3 Ne 253 -- porte , = 2a > "in , Sp a i i i i i i i i i i i i a i { 3™ Cook's Cotton Root apr »: is sold by all responsible wholesale e¢ 4 and retail druggists in the Do ) ofCanada and United States for: ae at