2 ' ae SPEECH' OF PO ee ues Honorable J. P.: 'B. CA SGRA IN, On Importation of Thoroughbred Mares and pa OTTAWA, THURSDAY, FEervaRy 26TH, 1914. "Hon. Mr. CASGRAIN inqu! "That he will call the sitention ef the Government to some unsatisfactory fea- tures regarding the regulations for the lpportation. ~rgé free, ---- bred m Hions, will in- quire wheoioe it is the intent are of the eecroua to remedy. these condi- hs should they exist? Hon. -Mr. CASGRAIN--With the per- mission of the House I should like to bring before it some objections to present-conditions regarding duty-free importation of thoroughbred mares and stallions. I may say that this fs * question which is altogether free from any-political significance, and no political party could take exception to it. If there is any grievance existing, .ar if there is anything- amiss, both parties are equally responsible, be- cause the conditions complained of have been in existence for a long time. The coutentiqne of some who are ag- erieved are: 1. That the Government does' not enforce the customs law as to free import for breeding purpose: 2. That the Government delegates this enforcement to the National Re- | cord Committee~a body mot respon- sible to the public or aelected by It, | and having interests not always tle j fome es those of other i:nporters. 3. Tais committee declines certain powers, thereby depriving im- Porters. 3. This committee declines to use certain powers, thereby depriving im- porters of part of their rights: It be- ing a private body under no légal duty to perform any function, pe are nc legal means to compel it to act. That is the reason wie I am now a" senting the subject. . Briefly, the customs law gives us one, duty free, for breeding stock, leaving the Governor in Council to make the necessary regulations. The Governor in Council allows free entry, if the animal is registered in the Can- adian Register, or in a foreign record recognized as reliable by the Natioual ecord Committer. But here is the kernel of the whole thing, The Na- tional Record Committee wil] not de- clare that the English, the American, the Australian, or the French Stud Book are recognized as reliable. It will not pronounce as a public body could be compelled to, that these books are, cr are not, reliable. Ani- mals entered in those books, are, how- ever, in practice eligible for entry in the Canadian Register kept by the committee; in fact they are the foun- dation bocks for the committee's books 5. The committee thus takes away from the importer of ar animal regis- tered In the English or American Stud Book,. etc., one method of free entry, It Imposes on him no Siarnatizg but to submit to entry in th e Canadian /° Register as a. uss j free : A by the customs law nor io 1 Council. Also, it gets into i own hands a power to obstruct the impor- ter, for can make entry into the Canadian Register easy or hard, slow cr othérwise, or refuse it altogether. To have one's case considered by fhe committee one must be th2 owner of.the animal tendered for free entry. tat is to say you must have parted with your money and have purchased the animal abroad and have so f. committed yourself to difficulties be- fore knowing whether the committee will allow you to get out of them 7. Amongst the terms it imposes "at preaent are the producing of written transfers of 'he animal from the orig- 2 inal breeder through every owner down to the importer. Such docu- ments are not usual in transactions relating to thoroughbred horses, are in many cases not procurable, and . sometimes only procurable by paying for them. The mere demand for them in many cases would prevent the pur- chase of a desirable animal cause foreign buyers do not need such docu- ments and the seller never has them. 8. A Canadian buyer competing with foreign buyers, therefore, lahors under several disadvan'ages: There Is the certainty of delay while discussing * the committee; here is the possibility of being 'unable to procure the documents re- quired; (c) There is the possibility of being unable to satisfy the committee; (d) Whilst the duty free entry ques- tion is thus held up the animal has to be bonded or duty paid under protest. 9. The result is that an animal un- doubtedly registered in the English or the American Stud Pook and perhaps perfectly well known on the race track as a performer, cannot always be im- ported duty free into the country. The trouble and annoyance are so great as to discourage individual importers. To those of limited means they are pro- hibitory. The story of those who epi been througl them tends to others from attempting to jepors.| carefulness and integrity ty of thease who The identification require- futile for. the osten- sible purpose. 12. If the Record Committec's sys- tem is true in theory,. those who fol- low ft should in a few years by the superiority of the of animals bred by them, demonstrate the advan They evidently as their SSacmants do, means that those who. end by having tteriar sock, their anxiety to force it cn their competitors is explainable. 13. Paper identification is not pos- sible, even of animals bearing extra- ordinary marks. A chain at een tion is always 2s weak as the weak est link, The animal's parentage de- pends (first) on the word of some one who saw the sire put to the dam, and Soa on the word of some one who aw her foal. These things in prac- denend on the reliability of 7 {people dealt wi e only result c | requiring transfer 'aciiton: -ts is e form a basis upon which animals may " eee and iiperters discouraged. | The following considerations | naw the worth of the identification | ! system adopted: [ (a) Those animels eclready ft icountry at-the incoption have the system applied to them; (b}) The offspring of animals brought in since_upon 'which duty is, tion of their parei ts; (c) Obviously, in no event, are identified; (d) A mare brought in in foal ma pay duty for lack of identification pa- | any; (e) me gece mar of those who sign the ers can never be tcsted; (f) The pool of identification pa- pers do not in themselves prove any- facie case anywhere--because the ani- mal referred to, if it had not'some ex- traordinary marks, could not be shown to be the same as tha: mentioned in the papers. 15. The material in the :ountry is poor. The system adopted tends to keep it that way. It tenda to compel those ,rovinces not already provided from existing establishments in the provinces that are so provided, or to buy abroad animals the breeder has not been able either to sell or to train. give the complete transfer documents. pote then his wore alone y evidence. pt what the "sre ane the fs: , 16. We want as good a chance' ts set | roms good stuff for the same investment as our' foreign her yah ors. 17. We want the Government to take the reapunatteitty of seeing that we get it. 8. do not want to have our bésiness: in the hands or power of any group of dealers or breeders. We want to follow our own course and let at +7 follow theirs. re than forty "years the im- wottaton free of duty of ive. stock for breeding. purposes was a plank in the Liberal platform. In his Reminiscen- ces, page 44, eorge Ross gives an interesting account of its effect on one of his elections. Ostensibly for many years past this question I have been discussing has become common ground to both par- ties. That it should in the process of time remain so in appearance but have be- come in fact a disguised protective, system for such stoc as may be in the country: will | first be hardly credited, but that it fs so will be seen after light has been thrown upon the practice as applied to the theory. There are a certain number of stud books or herd books in foreign coun- "tries in which the breeders record the births of their animals. Of course it does not follow that animals there re- corded are valuable for breeding pur- poses nor that many not so recorde are not valuable. o avoid entering on any ground possibly debatable, the discussion may. be limited by assum- | ing that an animal igynot valuable for breeding purposes unless so recorded. Certain of these books are recognized by the United States Government as being reliable and a Ist of those so recognized is published by that goy- | ernment. {| That is exactly what we would like | the Government here to do--publish a mt hoe of stud books that they would ad- i i whole peat there must be in the orld some stud or herd book could not)! paid are registerag without identifica- | 'post the parents of the idertified animals a be rejected and the cwner forced to | pers, but the foal is registered without | thing and would not make a prima, with breeding stock to buy the culls | They being still in his hands he can, ly of some be j illegality, 1 Sociieanecitianheauiied may oubted. The point te ote is moment ts that. y.. tather fray 3 i the Government, and * National Record C 3 adian register for th in any record kept at nized as relable cord Commi read ang what is de- n t re is no au- thoritative .publication of a list of foreign by -the Government, . secon the National Record Committee will not recognize any foreign record kept abroad as reliable if es is a Can- ages record for the breed, and lastly n that being a private body there are! oof legal means of compeling them to, pronounce publicly and definitely ite reliability or otherwise of an foreign record ever in the case of one', ernment and by every. other goveru- men all over the world. There are Canadian records for} ceaigtat all the more prominent breeds of cattle and-horses. The forelgn re- |cords recognized as reliable by t ! polenee States Government are broadly| speaking the very books which form the | the foundation. of the Canadian re- }cords, Sut by omitting and refusing to certify publicly. that they . are l recouniund as reliable by the National |Record Committee, the Genatian im- is plac in a very different tion from the 'averted compet: | or. k the hen. genfleman one question. | He is askirt g that the siud books of the |:Dnitec Stites be recognized in Can-! ;ada. Will the United States or do th he a States recognize Canadian stud, books to -- same amount -- degree. Fo. SGRAIN-- I think I am coming io that in a few minutes. The animal registeret in such foreign record cs of right. The 7 adian can only do so after he has it ee in- the Canadjan cugiaiens) is the second salient difference| between the method adopted in the} two countries. Pedigreed stock, as we; all know, is imported for two very different purposes and by two classes of persons interested in different ways}! ose whoa care to inquire into the, matter can judge for themselvc; which | purpose the dut, free entry provisio Was most intended to help and want interest is in fact most advantaged b the system in vogue. Better beef cattle, finer dairy cows afd more en during horses are wanted, not im th aliuew. ring a ont e farms. Thais ow ri Pp Ww Ww farmer nts: is adve Le | =a Juaport 'by bim with and™ grils a "his herd is mad ard to him which what stock is avaflab d br{ ad le through\e importation by others is ign vd be either higher in prico or r in quality than it ogo dg if futl, effect | were g.ven to the No one would fel free iniport to those who breed pedigreed Keeping their stud and herd books for them, but probably most people would subscribe to the propcsition that hay- ing these things they should by their product show that they were breedin as good stock for the price as any one could import direct and duty frea If they cannot show this, surely no one would support a protective system for 'their benefit for the effect would be that those who desired pedigreed stock to cross with half-bred herds--and they are the main cupport of the whole {agricultural industry--would get worse cnimals for their purposes and pay a higher price. Now, tn the most important saya | should an intending importer appl. know whether say the Percheron stud | Book or the Durham Herd is hore as reliatle by the Govern- ment, hé will be told by the committee that it is not, and he will be invited to! register in the Canadian book for these | breeds, a -- inaugurated and rected by a group of persons already a engaged in breeding or importing ihat class of stock, a book kept by the Na- tional Record Committee under their {directions upon which body they are | represented. Bearing in mind 'that the iztending | importer's free cntry -> thus made to depend (a) on his being a British sub- ject resident in Canada, (b) on his owning the animal and (c) on his be- ing able to get the National Record! Committee to record it before he gets | rg entry, it obviously takes but Uttle o delay, defeat a obstruct him in his endeavor to obta st the eres requirements of Tecog-| by the National Re- th provision. sounds both fair and} records recognized as reliable 93 recognized by the United States Gov-| ii. if he will sell conditionally on my -- Hon. Mr. CLORAN--I would like tos American can import duty free an' reliable | stoc!: in' the country sor object to Government: # The Gauniian 3 importer Beane ata e say in England stan - aetna as compared th "his am Amer- jean competitor. 'Che latter can Larger 'imal teed to be overnment. former can- not. He would bag to add some lim- Patines: as to s I will fe Avi my American com- petitor if the seller will guarantee duty free entry into Canada or if he will guarantee to furnish all the documents required in Canada for duty free entry ix excess of those required in the United States, or obtaining free entry. But these are points which he can- must be prepared to buy and take his chances.of oF and of being refused | free entry. s he may do if he has on hand beds "wultictont. But if he} has only the same sum available as his competitor, bids, he must content himself with buying an inferior animal. Suppose he buys, and he must do so before his case will be considered " pthe committee, he cannot get them pronounce beforehand as to whither if he purchases such and such an ani- mal], it would come in duty frea. The seller not being a British subject resi- dent-in Canada, cannot deliver them duty free. Even if he could, he would | not do so for the same price as he ould take from er American buyer for a straight sale. In a word, the Canadian buyer must be irrevocably committed as owner befate he can as- certain whether he fs to Zet free entry or pay eanti Lis animal lands in Canada and'he has to pay eae under ee or ny forced to be- oie a public warehouseman under ee with sureties If he buy airact 'from the breeder in | England and hold the animal there as | ow rner until by correspondence he has made his course clear he may escape some of the risks, but even then if he cannot secure free entry he has cer- tain dangers before him, and in any event is debarred from many of the |¢hances to make advantageous pur- mere which are open to foreign buy- orTake it all in all, a foreign buyer anes ®zactly tne his government Page perrb help ip bring ae es fe ae "The "Pihes "ol ay ape ritchie icy piscin he Eira required by the F aoleiwilttioa, Meantime he cannot sell the animal and does not know what it is to cost him ultimately. The keep makes'a big hole in his margi= of profit. The American purcbaser of a like animal e same sale has his purchase tbe custcms without delay. His importation is not subject to re- gistration in any: books kept by "his trade competitors, They cannot force him to record in books kept by them, and with good reason for except where an animal is intended for use in a n either to him orto his country, but the registration being a voluntary mat- ter, he can apply fcr it bly and as it seems to be of any use Enough has deen said: . show that n-- import as effecting reeds ntended to be bred = alt bred ee i. not given due effec As to the result or the system on to ane pure bred herds already in the | country and through them on the class Fe-'of animal to be bought out of them ;by the farmer for cross-breeding, it my be pointed out that the only use o the country of such herds is to sup- Oty the farmer with as good an animal *-{n price and quality as he could im- port direct from abroad. Such a ciass .of animal jJocal breeders only need to | produce under the direct stimulu: of ;competition. If that be removed, and ie is in part removed by the difficulties importing direct, then they will sell {him something not quite,so good aa his | American competitor may get abroad _at the same cos | The trend of the system, therefore, jon the whole, is to discourage the in- | Sividual importer and to make a semi- | protective system for the benefit of © | stock already in the country. That i free import of the farmer's raw ma- | terial is discouraged and inferior raw centeriad already in the country pro- This, no doubt, is the underlying ob- | that is Yaithhte. If the Government of | the National Record Committee is that | tected, and this in the tace of the de jec 10. The Canadian buyer with a lim- ited sum to spend cannot buy as good | e day of any other country is doing, and pub- lish the list, the Canadian ler up to the importing owner must be buyers | furnished, that is that a title from an animal as his foreign competitor, would be on the same footing as any | hand to hand must be ohtathed in writ- jing because the foreign competitor has no | doubss or difficulties Before him and can pay out the whole-sum, while the | Canadian buyer. has. to-hold ack | enough to pay the duty-in case of need. Or, to put it another way, to _ get a particular animal the Canadian buyer has to have the same amount of available cash as the foreign buyer and in addition enough to pay the duty, if levied. Importation into Can-! ada for a given capital, therefore must be of an inferior class. This applies whether abroad or on you buy race track in Canada a foreign animal} d, there in bon The National Record Committee that its sytem is necessary in} Pt identify the animels and <p bulid up an ideal system of regist tien. The country is not suMclently | full of steck to adopt such a system. ra re It is questionabie whether theirs is | such or is in any event desirable. Stud | be oks are only records of breeding ex- perimet in. countries where they them has been voluntary. Their value! depends entirely ou the reputation fori to affect their competito < Whether it be iegai for the Govrtrn- have a most successful the use of other buyer in the world. The Canadian Government not only }does not publish cuch a list, but it does line | purpose of identifying the animal. 'New! not itsélf. decide whether any | for the primary purpose.of crossing on| mean free imports of pedigreed stock, This requirement is alleged by | committee to be necessary for the | would do as the government transfers of the animal from the breed-| clared policy of Parlien Thus, 'since the ange whet Sir Geo. | Ross stood for the House of Commons |W we have swung around to the opposite point of the compass as to the encour- /agement of free imports. Should we 'not swing back and not only say, bu such foreign stud or herd books are! half-bred stock, if the animal can be and see that the farmer gets what the | prov ed to be entered on a foreign re- reliable. That duty it delegates to the National Record Committee,.a body of . breeders or dealers no doubt well ac quainted with breeding and dealing in | his legal title be good the classes of animals in which they 'are interested, but perhaps for that from him: very reason, not a-body which should | be selected to mate decisions affect- | The salient point of difference between {the Amer and .he Canadian appil- ication of the principle of duty free entry for breeding stock therefore is that the one Government publishes a | lst of the books record in which car- | ries with it Pog free entry, while our \own delegates this duty to what is "cesentally : private and non-Tespon- } ment to leave to a coinmittee of des. ers in any particuiar trade Bedale Hable record, the chain of title is'a jlaw gives him. No matter is more far- 'reaching than this upon the material .|matter of indifference to the farmer if, prosperity of the count | h lot i which identity is most likely to be lost. ugh to pre | |veht any one from ta the animal ; That legal €itle is neither | better nor worse because of the chain of ee cumenis covers the real points at The testimony of those who saw the dam bred to the sire or the animal born is not always available. In map breeds the young. are taken from th mothers and raised by band or placed with foster motiers. The identity can only be traced by the testimony of those who were on the © spot and saw this dene. No/records or chain of documents ¢ffe¢tively cover the vik of loss of identity at these points. Nor ip is it cesirable that they ee 'be- cause siud and herd books a tp tesinwd books. of title but are essentially te assigned Moreover no such chaih | ry. A thousand Puled Angus or Rog oven bulls in the West bring down ten tim their cost to the abiseepcicte inide 'of three or four years merely through the increased weight.and quality of their stock. Like improvements would follow free imports of dairy cattle and of horges.. Those provinces most in need of better saleable stock suffer the most from existing conditions. That the law is not applied is clear. Why it should not be applifed has to be explained. Why a private body exer- cises part of the functions of Govern- ment Gg ee satisfactorily +-~ lain- ed. N a subject's re. should a exer sway from hinr b body not ahswerabli> to the eladiare and which Cannot through the courts be compelled to uties not effectively raise at an auction. He! w record of breeding experiments or a history of title. As a voluntary matter there would be no objection to their following o do not need it that their theorles intérfere with the rights of others and sparen become of any public import- "It is a result of the voluntary appll- ats of their present system of title !and so called identification they pro- | duce a still better stock for the money 'than can be -procured aproad, the ry will have reason to congratu- late itself. That they hope to do so or believe that they can do so is to say the least cast in doubt by their desire to force the system on others even to the point of refusing them free entry. If they beHeved as their opponents do that their system and ' practice tend to discourage the indivi- dual importer and to create a disguised protection for the benefit of herds al- ready in the country, their anxiety to force the system on others would be explainable, because by getting every one into the same position the possi- of comparing the benefits of | thelr system with what can be done ; under the system of free imports, uld be gone. Until they have shown | wir value, it would seem that there is no particular reason why their ideas should be enforced at the expense of the country, contrary to law and to the detriment of their trade compet!- tors. have done my best to make this ima 4 = a| the owner, of an estate. I matter as clear as possible. What would be desirable would be for the | Government to publish a list of re-| liable stud books, and have animals | ! registered oar in one of those stud | books, either in Europe or the United States admitted duty free. Then the importer won be grant tad entry free, r countries. To ita a ans a " THROUGH A MOB. Experience of a Lady During the Siege of Paris. During the Siege of Paris and the Commune in 1870, Madame de He- germann Lindencrone was living in Paris, and had a very narrow es-| cape from violence at the hands of | a street mob.» Her own courage) and courtesy were all she could de- pend upon, and these served her wel], She tells the story in the book, "In-the Courts of Memory."' She had been on a visit to Worth, the dressmaker, when the noise and shouting in the street sent every one-to the windows. The street was filled with smoke, and @ mob was 'thowling and flying in every direc- tion 3 My one thovet was to reach my carriage, and. get home-as quickly as possible. I pale a glimpse of the carriage way up the street, and I saw a hand gesticulating above the heads of the crowd, which I re- cognized as uis'. It was the only one with a glove on! I pushed my way through the mass of people, saying, very polite-| ! ly, 'Pardon,' as I pushed, and very politely, "Merci," Pafter I had assed. My horse had been unharnessed, and a man was trying to lead him away in spite of Louis' remons- trances. The man had hold of one| ae of the bridle; while Louis, with | luck unknown fore, kept a/| Sarai grip on thé other. The horse was oe tugged at on both sides; had he not been the angel he was, there would have been trouble. The man holding the bridle oppo- site to Louis seemed' to.me a most formidable person. Still, I tried to smile with calmness, and although I was shaking all over, said, "Par- don, monsieur, will you permit me to have my horse harnessed?' I think he was completély 'taken off his guard, for, with the igtuitive gallantry of a Frerichman, he an- swered me amiably.' Throwing back his cont, he showed me his badge} and «aid, '"'I am the agent of the Committee of Public Safety, and it is for the government that I take the horse.' I made him observe that it would be vety difficult for me to walk to my home, and if the Ne 2 wanted the horse, it might me there to fetch it. He looked donbt- fully at me, as if weighing the situa- tion, then said, very courteously : "J understand, madame, and I give you back your horse." And he even helped Louis to re-harness the horse, which seemed happy to re- Bi to it for the simple reason * 'turn to his shafts, INTERNATIONAL LESSON, JULY 5, Ke ' Ream oy 3 Lesson I. The Laborers in the Vine- yard, Matt.-20. 1-16. Golden : Text, Matt. 5:45. -- Verse 1. A man that was a house- ' holder--The manager, or perhaps | One who had authority to hire and dismiss laborers. Who went out early in the morn- pine Whew the grapes were ready to be gathered, many laborers would be required in order that the fruit might be cared for at once, so that there would be-no loss. Into his vineyard--The care of the vineyards was one of the chief occupations of Palestine. 2. A shilling--Literally, a dena- rious. Under Tiberius two thirds a denarius was the pay of a sinh soldier. The amount paid to these labore was considered_a liberal daily wage at that--+titne; and was sufficient to supply the necessaries of life. 3. About the third hour--That is, at nine o'clock in the forenoon. A day meant twelve hours, extending from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. (John 1). 9.) Standing in the marketplace idle --As in our cities to-day, the un- employed were accustomed: to con- gregate in the public squares, which in the cities of Palestine were the marketplaces. The child- ren also gathered there (Luke 7 co to 4. Whatsoever is right I will give you--No definite agreement is made with these laborers as with the firgt. There is simply a promise 'of fair payment, These men are glad to get employment, and at once begin their wor 5. The sixth and the ninth hour-- Twelve o'clock and three o'clock in the afternoon. 6. The eleventh hour -- Five o'clock, an hour before the day's work clos Why stand ye here all the day idle ?--Their willingness to go to work as soon as employment offered to them shows that were not idle men from | Perhaps this is true of 'Sdlers" of our own day, though the chief difficultv, no doubt, lies in the fact that men, and women also, have not been trained for uee- ful employment in which there is a hres for workers. . And when even was come--Ac- sun 'ied tthe hired servants'? who re-_ ceived their' daily compensation. The Jord of the vineyard--That is, the householder, mentioned in verse 1 ' His steward--An assistant in the management of the estate who paid the laborers for their Py (Com- pare Luke 8. 3; Gal. Beginning from the in unto the first--This order was unusua). Per-' haps, since this' is only a story, it was simply told so for the purpose of bringing out the moral, or the lesson which the whole story was intended to teach. 10. The first. . they would- reeeive more -- That was only natural, because of the much longer time they had labored, and therefore the greater eye of. work they had aceomplishe 12. The burden of the daj-- The full day's work. The scorching heat--This was sometimes so severe as to drive Ja- borers from the field (James !. 11; 2 Kings 4. 19). . 13. He answered and said ta one of them--Addressing, probably. ihe spokesman of the group «of those who, among themselves, had been murmuring against his seeming in- justice. I do thee no wrong: didst not thou agree with me for a shilling! was receiving the wages 'for which he had contracted, and in_ one sense it was no concern of _his how much the others received. tee details of this parable cannot, »& +; ever, be pressed. 15. Is thine eve evil because I] am good 7--"Art thou jealous because I am generous?' 16. So the last shall be first. and the first last--See introdnetory paragraph. . ee ee PEARLS Or TRUTH. . supposed that Keep your 'temper: it is worth more to, you than to anyone else." He who keeps his mouth shut swallows no flies--and tells no lies. There is nothing so disappointing as failure, except, Sometimes, suc- cess. It is not always the Jast soap that makes the most suds--but it leaves a ree skin A mar eunettt looks suspicions. ly 'like wisdom--from his own pvint of view only. It is not being clever to have a venomous tongue, and -that is the only gift (7) some people s€em to possess, Never tell evil of a man if you do not- know it for certainty: and if you do know it for certainy, ask yourself--Why should I te}! it? - -