AS SWE WAS IN WARS WITH THE GREAT NAPOLEON. % There Is Some. Similarity Between Conditions of the ae. Conflicts. ; The New York Evening Post has * an interesting and informing ¢om- alte of present conditions in ope, and.particularly in Britain : wah those obtaining dwring the Na- era wars, which follows m Pate. find a parallel to the condi- tion of Europe to-day, it is neces- sary to go back to the Napoleonic wars, and it is interesting to no- tice the startling similarity which links the two great conflicts, sepa- rated by the gulf of a century. Those were hard times in Britain, |. and starvation was an ever present menace. Then, as now, the coun- try had staked its all on the result of a titanic conflict. Then, as now, the country entered 'war fresh from the turmuil of a deep social unrest: Then, as now, Ireland was conspic- uously to the fore. But in the midst of-it all, the life of the country went on in muel the usual routine--ex- aculy as it is doing now--and men and women declined to permit themselves to be perturbed by the threatening spectre of the Corsi- can's armies encamped just across the Channel at Boulogne--Bou- 'ogne, which is now one of the bases of that British army battling side by side with the French against '® common enemy. Year Was a Hard One. The opening of the year 1800 was gloomy, indeed. So utter was the want that it had been communicat- ed to the highest quartérs. The sivil list, was more than a year in arrears, and the King's servants were obliged to present him a peti- tion begging that some portion 0 their wages be paid them. -It was several years ore the King caught up with his expenditures. In that year, too, the Irish Act of Union was passed, of the ever- present menace of re- colt. revived by the 98 uprising ane the meddling of the French. Public | sentiment was exceedingly uneasy concerning the war. People did not at first display the same calm con- fidence which strikes observers in England to-day, although later, as they becanie used to it, the national life returned to its accustomed channels. : Law. Against Forestalling: ° There was a searcity of food, too, and riots were frequent. The acts against merchants who purchased stocks of food to lay up in order to command higher prices were put 'n force. The vaiue of a load of hay had increased from £2 2s. in 1773 to £7 in 1800. Meat has risen from "fourpence a pound to ninepence. Butter was one shilling and four- pence, where it had been sixpence. Sugar had climbed from eightpence to one shilling and fourpence. Can- dles had almost doubled in price. But perhaps nothing served better to illustrate the hardships of the period than the rise in the poor rates from one shilling a quarter in 1773 to five shillings in 1800. Feeding French Prisoners, So short was the supply of wheat that in 1801 the Government for- bade the sale of fine flour, ordering that only the unrefined flour, which contains the bran should be used. England's troubles were further increased about this time by an an- nouncement by the French Govern ment that it refused any longer a? be responsible for the feeding of French prisoners in English hands --a unique arrangement to this ef- fect having been entered into by the two e ountrie S, in consequence | --nd the ur stited bly a Eyer es» its disposal the issuing of the decla ed in the army, and the fleet was equipped and at sea. There was @ pof WalésFund we read so much about to-day. and instances were not lacking of individual generosity 'as in the ease of a well-known firm which 'voluntarily offered the Gov- ernment 400 horses, 50 wagons and "Death of Nelson, There was also a spy mania 'n 03. The fall of the year 1805 saw Trafalgar, Nelson's death, and the end of the bogey of a French in- vasion of England. One wonders if the simultaneous victory and death of any modern British Admiral | sa would create the furore that was caused by Nelson's passing. His state funeral cost $75,000, a con- siderable sum for those days and it was the grandest ever accorded a subject in England. Parliameat also voted $1,500,000 to be distribut- ed among the sailors of his fleet. Seeeenee "er eacwes THE GREAT BRITISH N vAVY. Consists" of Over. Five Hundred Ships of All Classes. In ships, in guns, in personnel the British nayy is superior to those of Germany and Austria put W- gether, says Chambers's Journal: Prior to the introduction of the modern dreadnoughts it was not customary to place ymore than four jot the biggest guns- 4n any one ship, jand, in addition to these, four or jfive descriptions of smaller guns wére carrie The dreadnought was designed to carry ten big guns, and most of the smaller type were eliminated. This became known as the all-big-gun type of vessel, the smaller guns retained being intend- ed to repel vessels making a specia!- tack , within eleven, ae he Tea And Hot Raske r patriotic fund, much Tike the Prince-|: j-; ROOKING 1 IN THE TRENCHES An officer at. the front writes : You say it would interest you to know how we are fed over one's own little fire -- which has to be kept very nae pe rious reasons. At about 7 the call comes down the line, "Re. tion orderlies at 'the double!" In reply six men per platoon (50 men) repair to the quartermaster-ser- geant's store and there dished out +j With one tin of bully beef or one tin of meat and vegetables, one loaf of bread or the equivalent in bis- cuits, a rasher of bacon, 4 oz. jam, 1 oz. butter, and a tea and sugar ra- up per man, or rather, I should . should be dished out, as not seal frequently are full rations ty of torpedo at The design} ing hand oe me like a was | quickly "improved. upon, _ and retarn to, the Nay rats. forthcoming. The food is brought up under cover of darkness the night before: by. wagon to a place about half a mile from the trenches, and from there it is carried by | 8" fatigue parties right into the trenches. So you see we aren't very hardly dealt with in re food- stuffs. You can picture yours truly at something to eight every morning cronching over a badly-burning fire to frya bit of fat and' greasy bacon in a 'dirty - mess tin lid; and really, when. one finishes up by frying a bit of bread in the gravy. it isn't half bad. If only the clay wouldn' t get Into everything! And it's ra- ther poor fun when it's raised so hard that it's too wet for a fire and so impossible to make tea, let alone cook your fat rasher. The com- missariat and Army Service Corps arrangements are a never-endin source of amazement to us all they are so exhaustive. At night in the trenches we plainly hear the Germans singing "Der Vaterland" round their trench fires, but. on wet days they | 5 do not sing. They have started us- can, | The secrecy of 1 in cons be quence t duced. The advantage of the all- big-gun ship, of whatever type. is that it is able-to maintain an en- agement at far longer range with its principal armament, and do {more damage than was possibl« with the best battleships of the pre- dreadnought era. The naval bat- tles in the war between Russia and Japan were held by experts to dave demonstrated that a vessel carry- ing a greater number of heavy !cng- range guns is superior to any other type of battleship. The big ships' volleys in that war, and especiaily in the final naval battle, were large- ly at distances ranging from 2,000 to 4,000 yards. Britain secured a lead with vessels of the dread- nought type, and by virtue of her vast resources has been able to maintain that lead notwithstanding Germany's frantic efforts to profit by her example, build dreadnoughts and lessen the discrepancy between her fleet, and that of Britain. Ger- -- however, has no battleships ~) eempare as equals with the ten British and best super-dread- noughts ; each side has three under construction, of which the British trio will proba@ly be reody first. al movements jis as important to-~lay o° it ever fwas; perhaps more so. This 's sur- / prising to some on account af the prised events "stopped the battalion on our right had two pitched. into them 'last week. I must tell you of a novel and pleas- ant experience we all went throu the other day--we all (the whole company) had hot baths. Really I think it was one of the best manag- ed concerns I have ever come across. We all marched up to a building that was evidently a dere- lict laundry. As soon as the men entered the building each was serv- ed out with a bundle containing a clean shirt, pants, vest and socks. They filed into a long room, where there were eight enormous vats full of hot water with little hunks of soap ranged all around the edges. The men undressed at one end of the room, throwing ali their old underelothing on to ai g heap. Their outer clothing was all collect- ed, done up into bundles, and pass- ed up to a room overhead, where it was all rer over with a "hot iron. The R.A.M.O. sergeant in charge of vechian arrangements then or- dered 14 men into each vat, and for 10 minutes the room resounded with ef Napoleon's y H nttite ade th t anres ado] sin el many inventions for improving ' f $ 3 SU: By and sailor '" ould i " : "atti- | communications, partons wire- a SIars W IK starve tude, too, it may 4 . "he 'al n- |Jess telegraphy. . however, the ude, too, it may be seen, he aba ; ontertety duned the moment it became evi- | PUP! ic can be prevented abso ute' dent that a reverse policy v . | fro m using wireless, and the inven- "m) ; MOEN. Sac in t hi y enemies | Ho is retained entirely for State i 5 ; There were a 98.000 f the | PArposes, the authorities can im- ) o . ° ecy which is néces- French prisoners in FE ngland, and | | Po se that secrecy name ae their feeding was no slight under- | 27 f° the successful development taking 6 fo ens of the campaign. The whereabouts bak Peace Brought Relief. Conditions were bettered some- what in the fall of 1801, with the sirning of the phantasmal treaty of peace which was to last until Na- Poleon was ready to resume the struggle again. Naturally, an im- mediate result of the peace-was to relieve the shortage of food and send prices down. Retrenchment in armaments also served to lessen for a brief interval the tax burdens of the population. Before that year was half over Pe ea and Swng were at. war It was~ § resumption ) gee ee which cd tp Bee every British heart against Napole- en, and which may be said to have caused @ orystalization, of senti- wen in favor of war to the bitter - Recruiting was the order of the day, and, although es Was no Lord Kitchener at the War Office then--Pingland's generals of that time were field commanders and po- Hiticians ran the sAministrative end | of the British ships are known only to the Admiralty and the King, and their movements are recorded daily. So numerous is the British fleet that out of the 500 odd vessels --ineluding the non-combatants--of which it consists, it is considered to have between 300 and 400 in the North Sea waiting to settle ac- counts with the German fleet, which has scarcely half that, number. These totals include ships of every. description -- battleships, dbattle- cruisers, heavy armored cruisers, protected cruisers, light cruisers, scouts, destroyers, torpedo-boats, subm 'ines, mine-sweepers and re- pair ships. Virtually, at least half the nav is always in commission; the - ance includes the ships in various stages of readiness to be commis- sioned and the ships under repair. With the exception, perhaps, of the Jast it is little more than a master of days, of a week or two at most, to commission and plage on a war footing every available ship in the British ee bi sounds of / splashings, gruntings, and such cries as "'Eh! Bill, you've got your foot in my mouth !' "Lumme, this isn't half fine, this 'ain't! As fast as the sergeant thought each 14 sufficiently clean they were*ordered out to dress in their clean-elothes and their pln 8 taken by | anuthe rol4 of the un washed It's wonderful what an ins spiri iting effe ct a gai dohot bath and clean clothi ing has on tired men. The sergeant t id me he had} '"'put through" 1,000 in two days, and that we should now get a bath roughly once every 10 days, which I think is a wonderful bit of or- ani ization. --_--_ir____ What. Happened. He came home and found his young wife dissolved in tears. "What do you --s has ~happen- edl" she cried. 'I left the cage open and our canary has flown away." He undertook to give what consolation he might and took the poor distressed lady in his arms. As she nestled against his shonlder a new access. of sobs convulsed her. "Ah, George," she murmured in a shooy as voice, "now I've only you eft.' Sadia ie Putting It Mild. Two country women, mother and daughter, were visiting # menag- erie for the first time. At last they came (0 e ppopotamus, peat stood for several a ep transix in silent wonder. Thenthe mother turned to her daughter. and said, slowly and solemn} semblance to a dove, is a prrcine French aero which is equ gun. oto was made just as tl tlefield of the Arras. Fight Between a German "Taube" and a French War Aefoplane, One of the fast-flying German "Taubes," so called because of its re- shown in this photo endgavoring to escape from was isgining the machine-gun on the German threatening to outdistance ° him. The ac ipped with a rapid-fire machine- 1e gunner aboard the French ship "Taube," which was tion took place above the bat- ' THE _PARM. Live Stoek CimiiioaiGner Says-Con- serve the Breeding Stoek. Everyone knows that trade condi- tions and commercial enterprise.in the Dominion have suffered a very serious and unexpected upheaval during the past year. To this situ- ation the war has, of course, large- ly contributed ; but other causes, In- cluding the - general financial .de- -- throughout the country, been operative for months past. some he agricultural in- ustry has, eee been very yidely affected by. these changing conditions and by the varying situ- a Pe respect to.demand and e rise in the price of er with. the corres- Fs lip to grain production, scart seer en sof Se -the mast | 'We isda, perhaps, things else, fone, 14s el jud; the conduct of our agricultural "at faire during the coming year. It is to be expected that grain Brot tion will be largely increased. raw products of the soil are, aa will be, in demand at remunerative prices. What then is to be said, what course is to be followed, with rempect to the breeding of live toc 8 The high price of feed, on the one hand, and relatively low prices for market stock, on the other, have resulted in very heavy marketing throughout Canada, particularly in the Western Provinces, of she stock, suitable for breeding purposes. Perhaps this was inevitable, but will these conditions continue? Feed grain will, without doubt, be high in ee, but it must never be overlooked that the country, can maintain very large numbers of live stock on the enormous quantity of rough fodder which it can pro- duce. To waste this, for the sake of the grain which can be grown, would, under the present circum- stances, be criminal neglect. It is clear, then, that the country should ..{conserve~ its breeding stock. If "| grain is to be grown for sale it is recommended that plans should be carefully thought out as to the man- fner in which the greatest quantity 81 of t rough fodder may become avai!- lable for feeding purp ses, and as ite the means by which this other- | wise waste product, together with lthe sereen ings and unsalable grain may te utilized to the best possible | advantage. In other. words elimi-; | na ante waste. | Do it by feeding live stock. |# The present low prices for stock | eannot Inet long. «A careful review of the world situation makes it clear that there wi ill be a sho rtage next year. Europe j is becoming seri- ously depleted in beth breeding and feeding stock. The United States, for ten months of the current year, at its leading markets is short 746,- 045 cattle, 203,000 sheep and 1,- 891,939 hogs.+ Canada has, as be- fore stated, heavily liquidated her eding animals, 1 ay pos} quota on year of cattle Fo heen, it is doubtful if more than seventy-five per cent. of the numbey of hogs will find their way to market in 1915, as compared with the current year. It is, therefore, a time for live- stock men to stay with their trade. The present tendency is, of course, all the other way: A safe harvest is peor to. be rea ie tho a ho ave stock for sale next eieen business on 'are. of bankers an this opinion. One word of advice is to be given. Avoid marketing so far as it is at "Goodness me! Ain't he pisin 1 all possible to. do so during the ore au a period of October fifteenth to De- cember fifteenth. This is a time of the year when everybody els, has stock for sale. It is a period when packers know that they can: fill eir cellars. with cheap meat. These are the months re the sur- plus of the whole country finds its way to the packing centres. It is invariably the period of low prices, uncertain markets and disappoint- ing returns to the producers. Breed, therefore, to have your stock available for sale at some other time of the year. Take care to provide sufficient winter feed that you may not be forced to sell when the cold weather comes, Above all, conserve your breeding stock. ee ie THE DAY. BY HENRY CHAPPELL, Bath, England. oi - ee fe ree sib Sai ae You bonated the Day, and you toasted the 7. And now the Day has come, piqehemer., braggart and coward all, Little fr reck of the ovdgcss & ball, The aie shell, or the ite arm's" As they speed poor humans home. You spied for the Day,, you lied for the Day. And woke the Day's red spleen. Moneter, who asked God's aid Divine, Then etrewed His seas with the ghastly . mine; Not all the waters of the Rhine Oan wash thy foul hands clean. You Seeomed ied the Day, you schemed the for Watch h ow the Day a hog C} ioe False friend and cowardly foe, red. r the eroune and the ewful Can Fon geo om heap of aa that les, And eightless turned flameeplit es The glassy oyes of the dead? You edhe wronged for the Day, you have ngéed for the pet Tha . if ta awtu 'Tis 10 x to you that hin and plain a sheaves of dea en_amid riled That wid swe mourn cot their loved on And mother cures thy name. But after.the Day there's a price to pay For the sleepers under the eod, And bon you have mocked for many a Listen nd hear what He hi: - to ea; "Vengeance Is mine, | will repay," Wh you tery to God? Prince | Would Be Private. It is-reported that the British War Office has received from his | highne ss Aga Khan, an application to be allowed to serve as a private the ge an contingent for the front. His highness is the head of the Khoja ot - *dans and hékds sway over 50,000,000 of the inttabi- tants of India. His hi ghness is ahout thirty years of ae. And He Did. Hibbs--The shrapnel, I under- stand, is named after General Shrapnel. Dibbs--That so? No doubt hi' pa- rents believ ed their boy would make a noise in the world. many a man could éarn $2 with half the energy he wastes in trying to borrow one. "Why, Pat, did you enlist into the 34th Regiment ?" "Och, shure, to Ny near my brother, who's in the a3r a? / "Was it your craving for drink that brought you here?" asked the sympathetical visitor at the jail. "Great Scott, ma'am! Do I look so stupid as to mistake this piace for a saloon ?" Mastered 'Arabic in Three Months the supreme head of the | Debrikat, in fot "double event" "SIR EVELYN woop. and Knows sacar: the Country. th Eaypt as part of the Empire Pas a pilseg Britain is probate 'in having -; 7 army Sir: of Egypt, who knows, next Kitchener himself, his life in pt. During Lord' Wolseley's campaign he was one of the little band of youthful «é- ficers who were.trained by Sir Ive- lyn Wood when the latter organized the Egyptian army.. Nearly every one of those officers was designed to become famous--Lord Kitchener, Sir Archibald Hunter, and Sir Les- lie Rundle being among the group. -Like Lord Kitchener Bir Francis set to work in the first p! ace tg mas- ter Arabic. He is, indeed, a wen- derful linguist,"and has been known to say that there was no language to which he applied himself that he could not master in three months. Sir Francis has held the position of Sirdar of Egypt longer than any other man, the appointment dating back fifteen years, when he himse!f was only thirty-eight years of age.' He is credited with being the first man to introduce the motor-ear the desert. He-uses a tire with an exceptionally broad tread, and has considerably simplified the difficult problem of desert trans sport. The stories of Sir Francis' active service' would fill a hook, -He has een mentioned many times in de- Syeies, has received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament, holds the-D.S.O. and has a chest full of medals and decorations. He is an excellent raconteur. and is rather fond of telling a story of a certain young attache of ithe Brit- ish Embassy at Petrograd. During a dinner at the palac e, at whith the Ozar was present, this official had the misfortune to upset his glass of wine over the table-cloth. o they do that in England?" Czar, with a smile. "Sometimes, | sire," replied the attache; '"'b England nobody makes any ment upon it.' It was a curious coincidence thad Sir Francis' ais rae baler born, Lo 2a com- wee sagt sie was honored in' quite a regal ta pial Queen Vic- toria expressed acious desire that the infant ihowld be her god- child. Thus it came about that Miss Wingate received the name af Victoria. . RECOVER Siaeaeinse "WHAT'S THE. NAVY DOING?' This Question Is Often Asked By 2 the Papers. The query, so often asked in the a rs, "What is the Navy doing?' egining to make the navy people eagey One officer kas answered in the 1 oer manner :-- "Tt is August to the widdle of Novembex my ship has sailed 17,000 miies, and we have never been very far from own game, not the Germans'. The unthinking ask why we do not ga in and attack Kiel, Wilhelmshaven, -Cuxhaven and _ He 'igotand. Not Much. We have our own plans, and the Germans are sertain'y not going to lure our splendid Heer into mine- infested areas and with ° the aided resses. " We 'y Y ships Guns are put I i hey ean be moved ti: | { mans are not increas ciency by remaining tection of their fort: ing to our efficiency e ing every opportiim! lice of gunnery, th do®s, and also batr tising under every ther. As thinze stand, clear for British trax who say we are dding nothi gine what would hanpei were really doing nothing.' Wi Hat. would become of our islands : n that event "Our time wil! « the limelight. Ake: ne. wai! content to watch and =a a Pa at--Brldget is gone, poor soul. Faith, an' she was a good woman; she always hit'me wid the soft e ind of the mop. bh Seigiic doesn't seem tu think so much of Jack as she used to / "Why, she is all the time talking about him." "That's it; she is talking, not thinking.' A father {old -his daughter that r she learned to conk he wou'd give her a surprise. She and the art, << os siked the : the grand fleet. We are playing cur" their: vider: it never was a etetie and he surprised her by isa beets ae